WO2014088384A1

WO2014088384A1 - Mixture and method for the production of a foliar liquid fertiliser

Info

Publication number: WO2014088384A1
Application number: PCT/MX2012/000124
Authority: WO
Inventors: David LOYA CAMPUZANO
Original assignee: Loya Campuzano David
Priority date: 2012-12-05
Filing date: 2012-12-05
Publication date: 2014-06-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a foliar liquid fertiliser produced by the combination of a fermented liquid product and a mixture of mineral salts. The fermented liquid product is produced from an anaerobic fermentation of an organic mixture which, in turn, comprises both animal and plant substances of a natural origin. The invention also relates to methods for the production of the foliar liquid fertiliser and the fermented liquid product; and to the methods for fertilising plants using said foliar liquid fertiliser.

Description

MIXING AND PROCEDURE, FOR THE OBTAINING OF A FOLIAR LIQUID FERTILIZER

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention has its application in agriculture, particularly in organic agriculture, but more specifically in plant nutrition, since it provides a liquid foliar fertilizer, which comprises the combination of products originated by the fermentation of natural substances and mineral salts. BACKGROUND

In recent years, global agricultural activity has demonstrated its inclination towards the development of agriculture that is more in line with practices that respect nature, that do not compromise the health of products and consumers, that are socially, economically and ecologically fair, profitable and fury. Organic agriculture was born as an alternative to move towards achieving these ends.

Currently, there is a preference on the part of consumers to use organic products, that is, without traces of agrochemicals that harm health, the reduction of production costs, the use of environmental resources, among others, the possibility of positioning this type of crops at different altitudes, are reasons that promote the use of alternative production mechanisms.

It is well known that plants require more or less quantity of nutritional elements, it is for this reason that they have been classified into major or macronutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and minor or micronutrient elements (Bo, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co and Cl).

All these elements are found naturally in the soil, however it is necessary to provide them to plants in the form of liquid fertilizers or application to the soil (solids), because it is possible that the amounts that are in the soil of these elements, are not sufficient or are not available for the good use of plants.

An alternative that has been used today in some Latin American countries, to return or replenish nutrients, is the use of foliar bio-fertilizers, these are fermented organic liquid fertilizers made from fermented manure bases and enriched with minerals.

Bio-ferments are currently an agricultural tool with which chemical fertilizers of high solubility can be reduced or replaced; allowing the producer to reduce his dependence on external inputs.

There are also inorganic sources of minerals that can be used in processes of transition towards organic agriculture and that contribute to the recovery of the balance lost due to the mismanagement that conventional agriculture has caused in most soils. Some of these inorganic sources are: lime, calcium carbonate, some sulfates, sulfur, phosphoric rock, among others. It is important to consult the regulations of the certifying agencies that exist in each country, so as not to apply restricted or prohibited materials.

Bio-ferments are the product of a fermentation process of organic materials. This process originates from an intense microbiological activity, where the organic materials used are transformed into minerals, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, among other metabolic substances. These liquid fertilizers beyond efficiently nourishing the crops, through chelated mineral origin nutrients, become a microbial inoculum that allows the microbiological balance of the agroecosystem to be restored.

Bio-ferments can play an important role by reducing the incidence of pests and diseases in crops, by colonizing the surfaces of plants, the microorganisms present in this type of fermented fertilizers have relationships antagonistic and competitive with phytopathogenic microorganisms, thus collaborating in the prevention and control of diseases in plants (http://www.rapaluruguay.org/organicos/articulos/Lactofermentos.pdf). Lacto-ferments are also used to fertilize plants and soils, where the materials to produce them are: 160 to 180 L of whey, 5 kg of molasses, 1 kg of calcium carbonate (raises the pH), water without chlorine, 10 to 15 L of activated mountain microorganisms, 0.5 Kg of Potassium Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Molybdate, Boron Molybdate and Phosphoric Rock (http://www.rapaluruguay.org/organicos /articulos/Lactofermentos.pdf).

The way to prepare the aforementioned lacto-ferment is as follows: dissolve the molasses in buttermilk very well in a 20 L bucket; while constantly stirring with a stick the serum in the 200 L barrel, the molasses dissolved in serum is slowly added; dissolve the mineral source to be used very well in water and place it in a 20-liter bucket; when the mineral source is completely diluted it is slowly added to the 200 L barrel while constantly stirring; dissolve as much as possible calcium carbonate in water; subsequently it is added slowly to the 200 L barrel, while the contents of it are constantly stirred; fill the barrel to a total volume of 185 liters and give a final stirring, do not completely fill the barrel of liquid, with the aim of leaving a free space for the generation of gases; cover the barrel tightly and place the gas exhaust valve to start anaerobic fermentation, it is recommended to seal the joints of the valve with silicone; stand the mixture in the barrel for 30 days at room temperature and under shade; and verify the quality of the lactoferment.

Currently, a foliar fertilizer, commercially known as Bayfolan Forte ^® from Bayer, is widely used.It is a product that is applied via foliar and contains macro and micronutrients in low concentration thanks to the presence of phytohormones, humectants and dispersants, vitamins and agents. Compatibility (BAYER, Group. Plant Protection Division. Central America-Caribbean. Bayfolan Forte. The Foliar Fertilizer that has it all, Guatemala, 1999).

Today, various organic fertilizers are known, which may contain a wide diversity of nutrients, but are only used effectively in certain types of crops, depending on their elements or components, so it is not possible to use them in any type of plants. In addition to the above, organic fertilizers and their variants, so far known, have a nutrient content in low concentrations and with an inadequate or poor balance between the biological and inorganic elements that compose them, which causes them to not be sufficiently exploited for the crops in which they are applied, obtaining poor results, requiring in many cases applications in high volumes per area, which presupposes high costs, in addition to being mixtures that can generate contamination by flies, pests and various diseases that They can affect crops.

With the purpose of contributing to the solution of the problems presented by the already existing organic fertilizers, the development of a new process for the elaboration and formulation of a leaf fertilizer was considered, which results in obtaining a product of minimal impact that is practically harmless and also has a specific composition that allows an adequate balance between its biological and inorganic elements, which will improve the biological activity, thereby increasing soil fertility and therefore its productivity, reducing time and repetition in the applications that will be done in lower doses and with lower costs. This will help to solve instantaneously the problems of nutrient deficiency of the soil in all the crops in which the product obtained from said process is applied, obtaining excellent results in terms of the quality and yield of the crops, fertility, germination and productivity of the crops compared to those treated with known organic fertilizers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

To better understand the invention, as well as its advantages, a detailed description thereof is made, with the support of the figures and the examples included, which only illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation to the present invention.

Brief description of the figures: Figure 1 is a photograph of avocado plants that were applied 6 L of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention.

Figure 2 illustrates avocado plants, which were applied 4 L of the liquid foliar fertilizer, in question.

Figure 3 illustrates the appearance of avocado plants that were not applied liquid foliar fertilizer.

Figure 4 shows alfalfa plants, to which 10 L of the foliar liquid fertilizer of this invention were applied.

Figure 5 shows alfalfa plants that were applied 4 L of the liquid fertilizer, in question.

Figure 6 illustrates alfalfa plants without the application of the fertilizer in question.

For the balanced selection of organic and inorganic elements for foliar liquid fertilizer, of the present invention, products of natural origin are required as raw material such as: manure from cattle or sheep; milk or whey; blood of cattle or sheep, slaughtered; sugar or molasses; liver of cattle or sheep, slaughtered; and fishmeal.

This fertilizer also includes as part of its constitution a mixture of mineral salts such as zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and Iron sulphate. Where said salts are pre-dissolved in water at certain specific proportions.

To obtain the foliar liquid fertilizer, a mixture that provides a large amount of nutrients is required, which undergoes anaerobic fermentation in a bio-digester. This mixture consists of: fluffy manure, which serves as an accelerator for the decomposition of matter in fermentation; fishmeal, which is rich in protein and lipids; raw blood of cattle, sheep or combined animals, slaughtered; raw liver of cattle, sheep or combined animals, slaughtered; at least one source of carbohydrates, which can be sugar, molasses or the combination between them; at least one liquid dairy product, as an accelerator of microbiological growth, for example milk, whey or in combination; and water free of impurities and elements that are harmful for anaerobic fermentation. The quantities to which the components of the mixture are administered, depends on the characteristics that the liquid fertilizer to obtain is desired. Without limiting the invention, the following amounts are preferred: for manure an amount of 700 to 1400 kg; fishmeal of 5 to 6 kg, which is dissolved in boiling water, in a ratio of 1: 3; the blood is 3 to 5 L, it is preferred to add at room temperature, when it is obtained from a freshly slaughtered animal, otherwise it has to be heated to a boil; the liver in an amount of 1.4 to 2.8 kg, which can be ground or in pieces with sizes as small as possible for a larger area of contact; the source of carbohydrates of 10 to 20 Kg, which is diluted in water, in a 1: 3 ratio; the milk product of 50 to 60 L, which is preferred to add boiled; and the water in an amount of 3500 L or up to 7000 L, with respect to the total volume of the mixture.

The process for the production of liquid foliar fertilizer is carried out in the following stages: add the components of the aforementioned mixture, within a conventional bio-digester, preferably stainless steel; ferment the components of the mixture, for at least 7 days in the bio-digester; separate the liquid and solid phases, resulting from fermentation, through a filter, which can be a 0.5 μ stainless steel mesh; deodorize the liquid obtained from the fermentation, with activated carbon, which also eliminates pathogens; and recover the solid phase in a separate container.

It is important to indicate that manure is added to the fluffy bio-reactor, with particles of uniform size, preferably as small as possible, so that said particles have a larger contact surface. As can be seen, with the procedure described above and with the use of the mixture also referred to above, at least two fermented products are obtained. One of these products is the liquid part that arises from the anaerobic fermentation of the mixture, which in this case we call it "a fermented liquid product"; and the other product is the solid phase that originates from fermentation, which we refer to as "a fermented solid product."

Care is taken that the physical and chemical factors of anaerobic fermentation are indicated to have good results, therefore, temperatures should range between 15 to 60 ° C; and the ideal pH is 7 to 8.

The fermented liquid product will be ready to be used, when the most active period of anaerobic manure fermentation ends, which will be verified when the gas outlet is completely paralyzed by the hose that is connected to the biodigester lid and The disposable bottle.

A method for preparing the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention can be: to add in a conventional mixing tank, the fermented liquid product obtained from anaerobic fermentation; and a mixture of mineral salts; and homogenize, at least, for 5 h. Where the mixture of mineral salts comprises the following salts: zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulfate of copper, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and iron sulfate.

In a more specific embodiment of the method in question, but without limiting the invention, the following amounts of the mineral salts that make up the mixture of mineral salts are used: zinc sulfate is in an amount of 50 to 60 kg; magnesium sulfate from 50 to 60 kg; manganese sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; copper sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; calcium chloride of 50 to 60 kg; borax from 0.28 to 5 kg; cobalt sulfate from 1 to 3 kg; sodium molybdate of 2 to 5 kg; iron sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; and water should be applied until it reaches 7000 L.

A variant of this method is that the mineral salts can be pre-dissolved with water, in a 1: 1 ratio, mixed with each other and aforesated to 7000 L, before being added to the fermented liquid product.

Another embodiment of the method is that a ratio of about 1: 1 is preferred, between the fermented liquid product and the mixture of mineral salts. This proportion may vary depending on the balance of the liquid foliar fertilizer to be obtained. The present method may also include transferring the fertilizer obtained by combining the fermented liquid product with the mixture of mineral salts, to a conventional supply tank, for dosing.

Therefore, this invention also comprises this mixture used in the previous process, to obtain in itself, the foliar liquid fertilizer, which contains: the aforementioned fermented liquid product; the mixture of mineral salts detailed above; and acceptable excipients.

This mixture gives rise to the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention, therefore, said foliar liquid fertilizer is within the scope of this invention. The characteristics of the range and optimum dose content of the foliar liquid fertilizer of the present invention are shown in Table 1, where it can be seen that the amounts of each of the elements are below the conventional foliar fertilizers. Which is a great advantage because lower amounts of macro and micro elements have better results than those obtained with commercial fertilizers now. This impacts on less environmental pollution, since the use of pesticides is also reduced, due to the microbiological configuration provided by anaerobic fermentation to the liquid foliar fertilizer. Table 1. Composition in ranges and optimal dose of the foliar liquid fertilizer obtained in the present invention.

Concept Range (%) Optimal (%)

^■ Total ^{^Nitrogen!} - ^í · 4; όθ'- 8.00 '8.00

Phosphorus (P ₂ 0 ₅ ) 3.00 - 4.30 4.30

Potassium (K ₂ Ó) ^' ^• ' ^ - ' ^{! i;} 00 - 3.00 3.00

Boron (B) 0.01 - 0.02 0.02

Copper (Cu) ^• 0: 004-7-0r01 0.01

Iron (Fe) 0.01 - 0.40 0.40

Molybdenum (Mo) 0.02 - 0.49 0.49

Zinc (Zn) 0.03 - 0.158 0.158

Calcium (CaO) '"'" ^■ 0.30 - 0.53 0.53]

Manganese (Mn) 0.09 - 0.27 0.27

Magnesium (MgO):, · ^{■ '} - 0.17 - 0.27 0.27

Fulvic acids 0.20 - 0.21 0.21

Humic acids '^" ^■' - - 0.005 - 0.01 0.01

Total humic matter 0.205 to 0.22 0.22

Table 2 shows some of the characteristics of the foliar liquid fertilizer obtained in this invention. Table 2. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention.

Characteristic Value

^• Conductivity ^"Electric '0.44 dm

pH 5.6 - 7.33

For the dosing and packaging of the foliar liquid fertilizer, a manual filler can be used, which has four positive pressure valves capable of filling drums of the following presentations: 1, 4, 5, 10 and 20 L.

The fertilizer in question is suggested to store in a cool and dry place. As understood by one skilled in the art, the present invention also involves a method of fertilizing vegetables, which comprises applying a sufficient amount of the mixture to obtain a liquid foliar fertilizer or the liquid foliar fertilizer itself, described in this invention, about the foliage of vegetables. It should be noted that the sufficient amount will depend on the type of vegetable to be fertilized, to mention an example, this amount can be 0.5 to 4 L per ha and the plants that are fertilized are: cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals, preferably.

Among cereals are corn, sorghum, wheat, barley and oats, whose preferred doses are 2 to 4 L per ha. Where in the case of wheat, barley and oats, the first application is when the plant has at least 5 leaves and apply again when the plant is in the physiological state called "embuche." While what, for corn and sorghum, 3 applications are made every week, during the development of the plant.

For legumes it is recommended to make 1 to 3 applications, at a dose of 1.5 to 3 L per ha. Specifically for alfalfa, a dose of 2 to 4 L per ha is recommended, applying fertilizer 10 to 15 days after each cut. A dose of 1.5 to 3 L per ha is applied to vegetables, making 1 to 3 applications 10 to 15 days.

A dose of 0.5 to 1 L per ha is applied to ornamental plants, making 1 to 3 applications per week.

Examples

Below are some examples to illustrate the development of the present foliar liquid fertilizer and demonstrate its efficiency in commercial crops.

Example 1:

The mixture for obtaining fermented products, through an anaerobic fermentation process, used in the present invention, is illustrated in Table 3.

Table 3. Ingredients of the mixture to obtain fermented products

Before mixing, the flour is pre-dissolved in boiling water, in a 1: 3 ratio; sugar is pre-dissolved in water, at a 1: 3 ratio; and the milk is boiled.

Example 2: The mixture of mineral salts used to prepare a liquid liquid fertilizer of this invention can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4. Components of the mixture of mineral salts for the preparation of a liquid foliar fertilizer.

The salts are pre-diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 and mixed with each other, and it is refined with water to a volume of 7000 L, then applied to the fermented liquid product.

Example 3:

The mixture for preparing the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention is illustrated in Table 5.

Table 5. Mixture for obtaining the foliar liquid fertilizer of the present invention.

Ingredients Quantities

6000 L fermented liquid product

Mixture of mineral salts 7000 L The quantity of the fermented product is approximate, since it depends on the amount of fermented product recovered.

Example 4:

The final and preferred chemical composition of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention is illustrated in Table 6.

Table 6. Preferred composition of the liquid foliar fertilizer obtained in the present invention.

Concept %

Total nitrogen ⁰¹ '~ -—— _, ⁸ ° 1

Phosphorus (P ₂ 0 ₅ ) 4.30

Potassium (K ₂ 0) 3.CjO

Boron (B) 0.02

Iron (Fe) 0.40

Molybdenum (Mo) 0.4 ₍ 9

i

Zinc (Zn) 0.158

Calcium (CaO) 0.5j3

Manganese (Mn) 0.27

Magnesium (MgO) - - ~ -— _

Fulvic Acids 0.21

Humic Acids '' O. Cjl

Total humic matter 0.22

Example 5:

In order to observe the reaction of avocado plants with the application of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention, on their leaf area, at different doses, an experiment was carried out in a one-year-old HASS avocado orchard, located in Cortázar, Guanajuato, Mexico, whose coordinates are 100 ° 52 ^'58 ^"west longitude and 20 ° ^28' ^59" north latitude, with a height of 1730 meters, with an average temperature of 19.3 ° C and a minimum of 1.1 ° C, with an average annual rainfall of 630 mm, which are distributed between the months of June to September.

The planting was carried out on November 22, 2011, with a distance of 4 X 5 m, between plants; and the irrigation was rolled, every time the garden required it. The spray directed to the foliage was made, once there was a considerable foliar area for its application.

The treatments were applied in 200 L of water, which are detailed in Table 7.

Table 7. Treatment to determine the best dose in avocado plants.

The aspects that were evaluated were visual, and were measured just one month after the three applications that were made; where the appearance and color of the leaf area of the plants were compared between each treatment applied. All those plants that were applied 6 L (treatments 1, 4 and 7) of the fertilizer of the present invention, presented a poisoning of the leaf area, presenting the leaves a very opaque and dark green, with burns on the edges of the leaves, which is illustrated more graphically with Figure 1 (plants A and B).

On the other hand, in those, plants that were applied 4 L (treatments 2, 5 and 8) of foliar fertilizer of this invention, they had the leaves and the tree in general, a more vivid green color, without burns and a greater number of new shoots (See figure 2, plants C and D).

Meanwhile, the Witness did not show damage to the leaf area, but neither did it produce new outbreaks, as can be seen in Figure 3, plant E.

Therefore, it is concluded that the appropriate dose should not exceed 4 L of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention, for avocado trees. Example 6:

In order to observe what happened in the cultivation of alfalfa Medicago sativa L, San Miguelito variety, applying different doses of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention and see the performance of its yields per hectare, a 6 ha cultivation of alfalfa was established in Cortazar Guanajuato, Mexico, whose coordinates are 100 ° 52 ^'58 ^"west longitude and 20 ° ^28' ^59" north latitude, located at 1730 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 19.3 ° C and a minimum of 1.1 ° C , with an average annual rainfall of 630 mm, which are distributed from June to September.

The sowing was done on 10-Dec-10 with 55 kg of seed per hectare, has an age of 2 years. The irrigation was rolled. The sprinkling of the fertilizer in question was made on August 3, 2012, directed to the foliage, with the exception of the applications that were made after each cut, which were more directed to the ground, with gable or sprinkler with 16 nozzles, which It has a water expenditure of 200 L per hectare with a deposit of 400 L of water reaching 2 hectares. The treatments proposed were 3, namely treatment 1 was made with 10 L, the fertilizer of this invention, for one hectare, treatment 2 was carried out with 4 L of the fertilizer, for one hectare and the control (treatment 3) without application of subscription. The parameters that were evaluated were: the growth of the leaf area, cocking, and yields per hectare.

Results obtained, illustrate that the treatment 1 plants had an intoxication by the applied foliar fertilizer, squatting, yellow color, a greater cocking, see Figure 4, plants F and G.

In treatment 2, greater height was observed, well-formed and large leaves, thicker stem, bright green color, greater cocking, see Figure 5, plants H and I.

In treatment 3 I do not present any change or to be considered, as can be seen in Figure 6, plants J and K.

Regarding the yield, Table 8, it is observed that it was the plants of treatment 2, which had the highest results, being the lowest, for the plants of treatment 1. It is therefore concluded that the optimal dose of foliar liquid fertilizer of the present invention was 4 L per ha.

Table 8. Yields obtained at different doses of the foliar liquid fertilizer of the present invention.

# Dose treatment (L / ha) Yield (ton / ha)

1 10 1.9

2 4 3.2

3 0 2.2

Claims

1. A mixture to obtain fermented products, through an anaerobic fermentation process, said mixture comprises: i) loose manure, as an accelerator of decomposition;

i) fish meal;

iii) raw blood from slaughtered cattle or sheep;

iv) raw liver from slaughtered cattle or sheep;

v) at least one source of carbohydrates;

vi) at least one liquid dairy product, as a microbiology growth accelerator); and

vii) water.

2. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the manure is in an amount of 700 to 1400 kg.

3. The mixture according to the previous claim, where the preferred amount of manure is 1400 kg.

4. The mixture according to the previous claims, where the manure is from cattle, sheep or a combination of both.

5. The mixture according to the previous claims, wherein the fish meal is in an amount of 5 to 6 kg.

6. The mixture according to the previous claim, where the amount of fish meal is 5.6 kg.

7. The mixture of the previous claims, where the fish meal is dissolved in boiling water, in a proportion of 1:3.

8. The mixture, as claimed in the previous claims, where the blood is in an amount of 3 to 5 L.

9. The mixture of the previous claim, wherein the blood is in an amount of 2.8 L.

10. The mixture according to the previous claim, wherein the boiled blood is added.

11. The mixture according to any of the previous claims, wherein the liver is in an amount of 1.4 to 2.8 kg.

12. The mixture according to the previous claim, wherein the liver is in an amount of 2.8 kg.

13. The mixture according to the previous claims, where the liver is ground or in pieces with sizes as small as possible.

14. The mixture according to the preceding claims, wherein the carbohydrate source is in an amount of 10 to 20 kg.

15. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the carbohydrate source is in an amount of 14 kg.

16. The mixture according to the previous claims, wherein the carbohydrate source is diluted in water, in a 1:3 ratio.

17. The mixture of the previous claims, where the carbohydrate source is sugar, molasses, or the combination of both.

18. The mixture according to the previous claims, wherein the dairy product is in an amount of 50 to 60 L.

19. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the dairy product is in an amount of 56 L.

20. The mixture according to the preceding claims, wherein the dairy product is milk, whey or the combination of both.

21. The mixture of the previous claims, where the water is in a quantity sufficient to reach a volume of 7000 L.

22. A procedure for obtaining fermented products, from the anaerobic fermentation of the mixture described in any of the previous claims; where said procedure comprises: i) adding the components of the mixture into a conventional bio-digester, preferably made of stainless steel;

i) anaerobically ferment the components of the mixture for at least 7 days in the bio-digester;

iii) separate the liquid and solid phases, resulting from fermentation, through a filter;

iv) deodorize the liquid obtained from fermentation, with activated carbon, which also eliminates pathogenic agents; and

v) recover the solid phase in a separate container.

23. The procedure according to the previous claim, where the manure is added to the mulched bio-reactor, with particles of uniform size, preferably as small as possible, so that said particles have a greater contact surface.

24. The procedure of claims 22 and 23, where the carbohydrate source is: sugar, molasses, or the combination of both.

25. The procedure, as claimed in claims 22 to 24, wherein the carbohydrate source is added diluted in water, in a ratio of 1:3.

26. The Procedure according to claims 22 to 25, wherein the dairy product is added boiled.

27. The procedure according to claims 22 to 26, wherein the flour is added to the bio-digester, dissolved in boiling water, in a ratio of 1:3.

28. The procedure, as claimed in claims 22 to 27, wherein the blood is added at room temperature, if obtained from a recently slaughtered animal.

29. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the boiled blood is added.

30. The method according to claims 22 to 29, wherein the filter is a 0.5 micron stainless steel mesh.

31. The procedure is according to claims 22 to 30, where the temperature to which the anaerobic fermentation is subjected ranges between 15 to 60 °C; and the pH is 7 to 8.

32. A fermented liquid product, such as the fermented liquid product obtained by the process of claims 22 to 31.

33. A solid fermented product, such as the solid fermented product obtained by the process of claims 22 to 31.

34. A mixture to obtain a foliar liquid fertilizer, comprising: i) the fermented liquid product of claim 32;

i¡) a mixture of mineral salts; and

iii) acceptable excipients.

35. The mixture according to the preceding claim, wherein the mixture of mineral salts comprises the following mineral salts: zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, molybdate sodium and iron sulfate.

36. The mixture according to the previous claim, wherein the zinc sulfate is in an amount of 50 to 60 kg; magnesium sulphate from 50 to 60 kg; manganese sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; copper sulfate 8 to 10 kg; calcium chloride 50 to 60 kg; borax from 0.28 to 5 kg; cobalt sulfate from 1 to 3 kg; sodium molybdate from 2 to 5 kg; and iron sulfate from 8 to 10 kg.

37. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein zinc sulfate is in an amount of 56 kg; magnesium sulfate 56 kg; manganese sulfate 8.4 kg; copper sulphate of 8.4 kg; calcium chloride 56 kg; 0.28 kg borax; cobalt sulfate 1.4 kg; sodium molybdate 2.8 kg; and iron sulfate of 8.4 kg.

38. The mixture of claims 34 to 37, wherein the proportion of the fermented liquid product and the mixture of mineral salts is about 1:1.

39. A foliar liquid fertilizer, comprising the mixture of claims 34 to 38.

40. The fertilizer of the previous claim, wherein the composition comprises: 4 to 8% of total N; 3 to 4.3% P; 1 to 3% K; 0.3 to 0.53% Ca; 0.17 to 0.27% Mg;

0.01 to 0.02% B; 0.0047 to 0.01% Cu; 0.01 to 0.40% Fe; 0.02 to 0.49% Mo; 0.03 to 0.158% Zn; 0.09 to 0.27 Mn; and 0.205 to 0.22% of total humic matter.

41. The fertilizer of the previous claim, wherein the composition comprises: 8% of total N; 4.3% P; 3% K; 0.53% Ca; 0.27% Mg; 0.02% B; 0.01% Cu; 0.40% Fe; 0.49% Mo; 0.158% Zn; 0.27% MN; and 0.21% of total humic matter.

42. The fertilizer of claims 39 to 41, where the total humic matter is: humic acids and fulvic acids.

43. The fertilizer according to the previous claim, wherein the humic acids are in a range of 0.005 to 0.01%; and fulvic acids from 0.20 to 0.21%.

44. The fertilizer according to the previous claim where the humic acids are 0.005% and the fulvic acids are 0.205%.

A method for preparing a liquid foliar fertilizer, which comprises: i) adding to a conventional mixing tank, the fermented liquid product of claim 32 and a mixture of mineral salts;

ii) homogenize, at least, for 5 h; and

iii) add an acceptable excipient.

The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the mixture of mineral salts comprises the following mineral salts: zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and iron sulfate.

47. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the zinc sulfate is in an amount of 50 to 60 kg; magnesium sulphate from 50 to 60 kg; manganese sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; copper sulfate 8 to 10 kg; calcium chloride 50 to 60 kg; borax from 0.28 to 5 kg; cobalt sulfate from 1 to 3 kg; sodium molybdate from 2 to 5 kg; and iron sulfate from 8 to 10 kg.

48. The method of the preceding claim, wherein zinc sulfate is in an amount of 56 kg; magnesium sulfate 56 kg; manganese sulfate 8.4 kg; copper sulphate of 8.4 kg; calcium chloride 56 kg; 0.28 kg borax; cobalt sulfate 1.4 kg; sodium molybdate 2.8 kg; and iron sulfate of 8.4 kg.

49. The method of claims 45 to 48, wherein the proportion of the fermented liquid product and the mixture of mineral salts is about 1:1.

50. The method of claims 45 to 49, where the mineral salts are pre-dissolved with water, in a 1:1 ratio, mixed together and measured at 7000 L; and then they are added to the fermented liquid product.

51. The method according to claims 45 to 50, which further comprises transferring the product obtained to a conventional supply tank, for dosing.

52. A method for fertilizing vegetables, which comprises applying a sufficient amount of the mixture of claims 34 to 38 or the liquid foliar fertilizer of claims 39 to 44, on the foliage of the vegetables.

53. The method, as claimed in the previous claim, where the sufficient amount depends on the type of vegetable to be fertilized.

54. The method of the previous claim, wherein the sufficient quantity is 0.5 to 4 L per ha.

55. The method according to claims 52 to 54, wherein the type of plant is selected from the following group: cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals.

56. The method of the previous claim, where the cereals are: corn, sorghum, wheat, barley and oats, whose preferred doses are 2 to 4 L per ha.

57. The method according to the previous claim, where the first application is when the plant has at least 5 leaves and apply again when the plant is in the physiological state called "embusche", for wheat, barley and oats.

58. The method according to claim 56, wherein for corn and sorghum, 3 applications are made each week, during the development of the plant.

59. The method of claim 55, where for legumes it is recommended to make 1 to 3 applications, at a dose of 1.5 to 3 L per ha.

60. The method of the previous claim, where the legume is alfalfa, for which a dose of 2 to 4 L per ha is recommended, applying the fertilizer 10 to 15 days after each cut.

61. The method according to claim 55, where a dose of 1.5 to 3 L per ha is applied to the vegetables, making 1 to 3 applications every 10 to 15 days.

62. The method, as claimed in claim 55, where a dose of 0.5 to 1 L per ha is applied to the ornamental plants, making 1 to 3 applications per week.