CN115010532B - Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115010532B
CN115010532B CN202210413329.5A CN202210413329A CN115010532B CN 115010532 B CN115010532 B CN 115010532B CN 202210413329 A CN202210413329 A CN 202210413329A CN 115010532 B CN115010532 B CN 115010532B
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nutrient solution
fertilizer
water
mixing
acid
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CN115010532A (en
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闫芬芬
马全会
刘振亚
王春玲
吴翠云
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Tarim University
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Tarim University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention relates to a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The nutrient solution disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in mass concentration: potassium hydroxide 449mg/L, glycine 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 950mg/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 500mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155mg/L, EDTA iron sodium salt 20mg/L, boric acid 3mg/L, manganese sulfate 2mg/L, zinc sulfate 0.22mg/L, copper sulfate 0.05mg/L and ammonium molybdate 0.02mg/L. The plant obtained by the nutrient solution culture of the invention has reduced nitrate content and root number, and the leaf number, leaf water content and yield are all greatly improved.

Description

Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing soilless culture nutrient solution formula is based on the mineral nutrient theory of the German chemist Libi (1803-1873), the theory indicates that plant root systems can meet the growth requirements of plants only by absorbing different types and amounts of mineral elements from soil solution, and the soilless culture nutrient solution is prepared by mixing inorganic compounds special for 13-15 nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and the like according to different formula proportions.
Among the numerous soilless culture nutrient solution formulas, the nitrogen sources such as Knop (1865) classical water culture formula, snyder (1938) formula, rothanted (1952) formula, copper (1975) water culture formula and the like which are developed in the early stage only use nitrate nitrogen and do not add ammonium nitrogen; modern common nutrient solution formulas such as Hoagland nutrient solution formulas, japanese garden nutrient solution formulas, mountain Azakii nutrient solution formulas and rock-cotton planting drip irrigation formulas of Holland greenhouse crop research institute are also basically mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen accounts for a small proportion.
The nitrate content in the nutrient solution is too high, so that the following problems occur in soilless culture production:
1) Antagonism to calcium and potassium in the nutrient solution and inhibition to absorption;
2) Nitrate can not be adsorbed by the matrix in the matrix cultivation, is easy to run off, causes waste and pollutes groundwater;
3) After the plant absorbs nitrate, nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrite firstly and then ammonium nitrogen is converted through the catalysis of enzyme in the plant body, so that the nitrite content in vegetables and fruits is higher, and the nitrite is a cancerogenic substance and is harmful to human bodies;
4) Nitrate promotes rapid growth and cell generation of plants, and the plants are easy to overgrow, have poor disease resistance and stress resistance and influence the quality of crops.
A large number of researches and practical applications show that the plant can absorb inorganic mineral ions and also can absorb organic small molecules such as amino acid in complete molecular form, for example, glycine is added into the hydroponic nutrient solution, so that the growth of leaf vegetables is facilitated; adding a certain amount of organic matters such as coconut juice, banana or a certain amount of protein powder into the tissue culture nutrient solution; some novel simple soilless culture nutrient solutions can be added with organic amino acids, humic acid and the like, so that the quality of crops can be improved, but the addition is strong in randomness, irregular and cannot guarantee the effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof. The nutrient solution provided by the invention avoids the problem of excessively high nitrate nitrogen content, is standardized, and has the advantages that the cultivated plants are safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp.
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components, which comprises the following components in mass concentration: potassium hydroxide 449mg/L, glycine 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 950mg/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 500mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155mg/L, EDTA iron sodium salt 20mg/L, boric acid 3mg/L, manganese sulfate 2mg/L, zinc sulfate 0.22mg/L, copper sulfate 0.05mg/L and ammonium molybdate 0.02mg/L.
Preferably, the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0.
Preferably, the pH adjusting agent includes sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother solution;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain an amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate with water to obtain an A fertilizer;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a C fertilizer;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, A fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer, stirring, and regulating pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
Preferably, the water, the potassium hydroxide mother liquor, the amino acid mother liquor, the A fertilizer, the B fertilizer and the C fertilizer are mixed in sequence.
Preferably, stirring is performed after each mixing.
Preferably, the stirring time is 10 to 30 minutes.
The invention also provides the nutrient solution disclosed by the technical scheme or the application of the nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the technical scheme in plant tissue culture.
Preferably, the plant preferably comprises a chamomile.
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components. The invention adds organic components into the classical nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution is prepared by using inorganic fertilizers from the original whole nutrient solution, and the mixed preparation of the organic fertilizers and the inorganic fertilizers is improved on the premise of not changing the types and the content of nutrient elements, thereby being innovation for the innovation of classical theoretical practice. The test result shows that the water cultivated bitter chrysanthemum herb by utilizing the nutrient solution has reduced nitrate content in plants (high safety) and reduced root number (the absorptivity of the roots is improved, and the water and fertilizer requirements of the plants can be met by using fewer roots); the leaf number, the leaf water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured sowthistle is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a pipeline water-cultured bitter chrysanthemum herb provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the comparison result of the growth of two nutrient solutions provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components, which comprises the following components in mass concentration: potassium hydroxide 449mg/L, glycine 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 950mg/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 500mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155mg/L, EDTA iron sodium salt 20mg/L, boric acid 3mg/L, manganese sulfate 2mg/L, zinc sulfate 0.22mg/L, copper sulfate 0.05mg/L and ammonium molybdate 0.02mg/L. In the present invention, the pH of the nutrient solution is preferably 6.0 to 7.0. In the present invention, the pH adjusting agent preferably includes sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The nutrient solution disclosed by the invention is based on a classical Japanese garden nutrient solution formula, and the potassium nitrate in the formula is replaced by five amino acids and potassium hydroxide, so that the content of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the novel nutrient solution formula is completely consistent with that in the original formula, and the nutrient solution is a novel nutrient solution formula containing organic components.
The amino acid potassium contains a negative ion nitrogen source, nitrate nitrogen in substituted potassium nitrate (the cost of the potassium nitrate exceeds the sum of all the amino acid potassium, the cost can be reduced), nitrate nitrogen in the Japanese garden nutrient solution formula is also the negative ion nitrogen source, the concentration of potassium ions and nitrate nitrogen (nitrogen element) in the potassium nitrate is 8mmol/L, the concentration of potassium ions and amino groups (nitrogen element) in the new component is 8mmol/L, the total nutrient element components and the content in the Japanese garden nutrient solution formula are not influenced, the pH value can be kept unchanged, and only the carbon source required by plant growth is increased. Meanwhile, the nutrient solution still contains nitrate in calcium nitrate, so that the basic requirement of the crop on the nitrate is maintained.
The formula of the Japanese garden nutrient solution is as follows: 808mg/L (8 mmol/L) of potassium nitrate, 950mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L, EDTA mg/L of ferric sodium salt, 20mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate. The amino acid content in the Japanese garden nutrient solution according to the invention is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 content of individual amino acids in total 8mmol/L of five amino acids
Five amino acids are used in the formula, and high-purity raw materials are available on the market.
The total amount of the five amino acids is 8mmol/L, and the five amino acid potassium mixed solution with the content of 8mmol/L potassium glycinate, L-alanine potassium, L-glutamic acid potassium, L-proline potassium and L-aspartic acid potassium is produced by the neutralization reaction with 8mmol/L potassium hydroxide. The specific addition of the five amino acids and the arrangement of other formula components of the nutrient solution can jointly ensure the improvement of the tissue culture effect.
If a certain amount of amino acid potassium is added to replace potassium nitrate, the absorption of the plant to phosphorus and potassium elements is increased; improving stress resistance of plants; the plant leaf extract has unique promoting effect on plant growth, especially photosynthesis, and can increase plant chlorophyll content, raise enzyme activity, promote carbon dioxide permeation, strengthen photosynthesis, raise plant leaf quality and increase Vc and sugar content.
Can improve the quality of soilless culture crops, especially reduce the content of nitrous acid in plants, simultaneously improve the content of soluble sugar and protein in plant leaves, and obviously improve the total nitrogen content of the leaves, thereby improving the quality of crops.
The amino acid is organic carbon, can improve the carbon circulation of crops, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops and increase the resistance to phytotoxicity.
Amino acids are provided in plantsHas antioxidant effect, and can remove O in human body 2 - Improving immunity, and enhancing health value of vegetables and fruits;
the free amino acid around the root system can synthesize heavy metal ions into an amino acid-heavy metal cation-polyphosphoric acid compound, so that the absorption of the heavy metal ions by crops is reduced. The common nutrient solution fertilizer adopts industrial grade or agricultural grade from the cost consideration, and does not adopt food grade with high cost, so that the heavy metal content in the fertilizer is high, and the toxic action of heavy metal ions on crop root systems can be reduced by adding amino acid, and the food safety is improved.
Specifically, the nutrient solution of the invention carries out water planting on the sowthistle herb, the nitrate content in the plant body is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorptivity of the roots is improved, and the requirement of the plant on water and fertilizer can be met by using fewer roots); the leaf number, the leaf water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured sowthistle is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
The following is noted: amino acids include L-amino acids (L-amino acids) and D-amino acids (D-amino acids), which have the same molecular formula but different structures, and are isomers (note: glycine has a simple structure, only one structure). Only L-amino acid (L-rotation) can be utilized by plant bodies, and D-amino acid (D-rotation) has no effect on plant bodies, so that the L-amino acid (L-rotation) is used as the amino acid used in the invention, and the effective utilization of the amino acid is ensured.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother solution;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain an amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate with water to obtain an A fertilizer;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a C fertilizer;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, A fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer, stirring, and regulating pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
The invention preferably mixes the water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, A fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer in sequence. In the present invention, stirring is preferably performed after each mixing. In the present invention, the stirring time is preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
The invention also provides the nutrient solution disclosed by the technical scheme or the application of the nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the technical scheme in plant tissue culture. In the present invention, the plant preferably comprises a chamomile. The nutrient solution can be applied to tissue culture, and concretely comprises soilless culture (water-containing culture, water culture and aerosol culture) and nutrient solution cultivation production. By utilizing the water-cultured sowthistle herb, the nitrate content in plants is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorptivity of the roots is improved, and the water and fertilizer requirements of the plants can be met by using fewer roots); the leaf number, the leaf water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured sowthistle is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
The following describes the organic component-containing nutrient solution and the preparation method thereof in further detail by combining specific examples, and the technical scheme of the invention includes but is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Amino acid potassium configuration: potassium hydroxide 449mg/L (8 mmol/L), glycine 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L;
(2) And (A) fertilizer: 950mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate;
(3) And B, fertilizer: 500mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 155mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
(4) And C, fertilizer: 20mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate.
70% of raw water is added into the nutrient solution pool, and fertilizers are weighed according to the formula. Firstly, putting potassium hydroxide into a glass or plastic container, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother solution, pouring the concentrated mother solution into a nutrient solution pond, stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pond for 10min, then sequentially pouring 5 amino acids into the mother solution, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pond for 10min; adding fertilizer A calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother solution, pouring the concentrated mother solution into a nutrient solution pond, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pond for 10min; adding the B fertilizer magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother solution, pouring into a nutrient solution pond, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pond for 10min; and then adding various fertilizers of the C fertilizer in turn: EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate are added with a small amount of water to be stirred and dissolved to become concentrated mother solution, the concentrated mother solution is poured into a nutrient solution pond, the nutrient solution pond is stirred and circulated for 30min, finally pH value of the nutrient solution is measured by using pH test paper, and the pH value is regulated to be between 6.0 and 7.0 by using sulfuric acid or nitric acid, so that the nutrient solution preparation is completed.
Example 2
Test conditions: in the intelligent greenhouse, the herba Sonchi Oleracei is cultivated by adopting a pipeline water culture mode (figure 1, pipeline water culture herba Sonchi Oleracei picture).
The test method comprises the following steps: the Japanese garden formula nutrient solution (control) and the formula nutrient solution containing 5 amino acids are adopted to respectively water culture the sowthistle herb.
Test results and conclusions:
the results of the matrimony vine assay relative to the control material show (figure 2, graph of the comparison of the growth results of the two nutrient solutions):
1. the nitrate content in the sow thistle is reduced by 15 to 25 percent;
2. the quantity, length and fresh weight of the Sophora flavescens ait roots are reduced by 30-40%;
3. the plant height and crown width of the bitter chrysanthemum are increased by 15-20 percent;
4. the leaf number and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are increased by 20-30 percent;
5. the fresh weight of the sowthistle on the ground is increased, the dry weight is reduced, and the water content of plants is increased.
Thus, the following conclusion is drawn: compared with the Japanese garden formula nutrient solution water-cultured sowthistle prepared by pure inorganic mineral nutrient fertilizer, the organic nutrient solution water-cultured sowthistle containing 5 amino acids has the advantages that the nitrate content in plants is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorptivity of the roots is improved, and the water and fertilizer requirements of the plants can be met by fewer roots); the leaf number, the leaf water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved. The method proves that the bitter chrysanthemum dish which adopts the organic nutrient solution for water culture is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Use of an organic component-containing nutrient solution for improving the yield of sowthistle, wherein the organic component-containing nutrient solution comprises the following components in mass concentration: potassium hydroxide 449mg/L, glycine 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 950mg/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 500mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155mg/L, EDTA iron sodium salt 20mg/L, boric acid 3mg/L, manganese sulfate 2mg/L, zinc sulfate 0.22mg/L, copper sulfate 0.05mg/L and ammonium molybdate 0.02mg/L.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein said increase in the yield of the herb is a decrease in the number of herb roots, root length and fresh weight of the roots, and an increase in the herb height, crown breadth, leaf number and leaf moisture content.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the nutrient solution is between 6.0 and 7.0.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the pH-adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for preparing the organic component-containing nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother solution;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain an amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate with water to obtain an A fertilizer;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a C fertilizer;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, A fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer, stirring, and regulating pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, a fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer are mixed sequentially.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the stirring is performed after each mixing.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the stirring time is 10 to 30min.
CN202210413329.5A 2022-04-20 2022-04-20 Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof Active CN115010532B (en)

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