CN115010532A - Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nutrient solution containing organic components and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115010532A CN115010532A CN202210413329.5A CN202210413329A CN115010532A CN 115010532 A CN115010532 A CN 115010532A CN 202210413329 A CN202210413329 A CN 202210413329A CN 115010532 A CN115010532 A CN 115010532A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The nutrient solution comprises the following components in mass concentration: 449mg/L potassium hydroxide, 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, 950mg/L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L, EDTA ammonium dihydrogen phosphate iron sodium salt 20mg/L, 3mg/L boric acid, 2mg/L manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L ammonium molybdate. The content of nitrate in plants obtained by the nutrient solution culture is reduced, the number of roots is reduced, and the number of leaves, the water content of the leaves and the yield are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing formula of the soilless culture nutrient solution is based on the mineral nutrition theory of Lebich (1803-.
Among numerous formulations of soilless culture nutrient solutions, the Knop (1865 years) classical hydroponic formulation, Snyder (1938 years) formulation, rothanted (1952 years) formulation, Copper (1975 years) hydroponic formulation and other nitrogen sources developed at an early stage only use nitrate nitrogen without adding ammonium nitrogen; modern common nutrient solution formulas such as a Hoagland nutrient solution formula, a Japanese garden nutrient solution formula, a Kawasaki nutrient solution formula and a rock wool culture drip irrigation formula of Dutch greenhouse crop research institute basically take nitrate nitrogen as a main component, and ammonium nitrogen accounts for a small proportion.
The following problems occur in the soilless culture production when the content of nitrate in the nutrient solution is too high:
1) antagonize calcium and potassium in the nutrient solution, and inhibit absorption;
2) nitrate cannot be adsorbed by the substrate in substrate cultivation, is easy to run off, causes waste and pollutes underground water;
3) after the nitrate is absorbed by the plants, nitrate nitrogen is firstly converted into nitrite and then converted into ammonium nitrogen under the catalysis of enzyme in the plants, so that the nitrite in the vegetables and the fruits is high, and the nitrite is a carcinogenic substance and harmful to human bodies;
4) nitrate promotes the rapid growth and cell generation of plants, the plants are easy to overgrow, the disease resistance and the stress resistance are poor, and the quality of crops is influenced.
A large number of researches and practical applications show that the plants can absorb inorganic mineral ions and organic micromolecules such as amino acid in a complete molecular form, such as glycine is added into the water culture nutrient solution, so that the growth of leaf vegetables is facilitated; adding a certain amount of organic matter such as coconut juice, banana, or a certain amount of protein powder into the tissue culture nutrient solution; organic amino acid, humic acid and the like can be added into some novel simple soilless culture nutrient solutions to improve the quality of crops, but the addition has strong randomness and is not standard, and the effect cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutrient solution containing organic components and a preparation method thereof. The nutrient solution provided by the invention avoids the problem of overhigh content of nitrate nitrogen, is standardized, and can be used for cultivating plants more safely, increasing the yield and making the plants more crisp and refreshing in taste.
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components, which comprises the following components in mass concentration: 449mg/L potassium hydroxide, 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, 950mg/L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L, EDTA ammonium dihydrogen phosphate iron sodium salt 20mg/L, 3mg/L boric acid, 2mg/L manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L ammonium molybdate.
Preferably, the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0.
Preferably, the pH adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother liquor;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and water to obtain a fertilizer A;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a fertilizer C;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, fertilizer A, fertilizer B and fertilizer C, stirring, and adjusting the pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
Preferably, the water, the potassium hydroxide mother liquor, the amino acid mother liquor, the fertilizer A, the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C are sequentially mixed.
Preferably, after each mixing, stirring is performed.
Preferably, the stirring time is 10-30 min.
The invention also provides application of the nutrient solution in the technical scheme or the nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in plant tissue culture.
Preferably, the plant preferably comprises a bitter chrysanthemum.
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components. According to the invention, organic components are added into the classical nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution is prepared from all original inorganic fertilizers, and is improved into a mixed preparation of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on the premise of not changing the types and the contents of nutrient elements, and the method is a revolutionary innovation of the classical theoretical practice. Test results show that the content of nitrate in plants is reduced (high safety) and the number of roots is reduced (the absorption rate of the roots is improved, and the requirements of the plants on water and fertilizer can be met by using fewer roots) by utilizing the nutrient solution for water culture of the sowthistle; the leaf number, the water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured bitter chrysanthemum is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of pipeline water culture of bitter chrysanthemum provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the results of comparison of growth of two nutrient solutions provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a nutrient solution containing organic components, which comprises the following components in mass concentration: 449mg/L potassium hydroxide, 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, 950mg/L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L, EDTA ammonium dihydrogen phosphate iron sodium salt 20mg/L, 3mg/L boric acid, 2mg/L manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L ammonium molybdate. In the invention, the pH value of the nutrient solution is preferably 6.0-7.0. In the present invention, the pH adjusting agent preferably includes sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The nutrient solution provided by the invention is based on a classical Japanese garden type nutrient solution formula, five amino acids and potassium hydroxide are used for replacing potassium nitrate in the formula, and the content of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the novel nutrient solution formula is completely consistent with that of the original formula, so that the nutrient solution formula is a novel nutrient solution formula containing organic components.
The potassium amino acid contains a negative ion nitrogen source, nitrate nitrogen in substituted potassium nitrate (the cost of the potassium nitrate exceeds the sum of all potassium amino acids, and the cost can be reduced by the invention) is also the negative ion nitrogen source, the concentrations of potassium ions and nitrate nitrogen (nitrogen elements) in the potassium nitrate in the formula of the Japanese garden type nutrient solution are 8mmol/L, the concentrations of potassium ions and amino groups (nitrogen elements) in new components are 8mmol/L, all nutrient element components and contents in the formula of the Japanese garden type nutrient solution are not influenced, the pH value can be kept unchanged, and only a carbon source required by plant growth and development is increased. Meanwhile, the nutrient solution formula still contains nitrate in calcium nitrate, so that the basic requirement of the crops on the nitrate is maintained.
The formula of the Japanese garden type nutrient solution is as follows: 808mg/L (8mmol/L) of potassium nitrate, 950mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, L, EDTA mg/L of iron sodium salt, 3mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate. The amino acid content of the Japanese garden type nutrient solution of the present invention is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Total amount of 8mmol/L five amino acids
Five amino acids are used in the formula, and high-purity raw materials can be purchased in the market.
The total amount of the five amino acids is 8mmol/L, and the five amino acids and 8mmol/L potassium hydroxide are subjected to neutralization reaction to generate five amino acid potassium mixed liquor with the content of 8mmol/L potassium glycinate, L-potassium alanate, L-potassium glutamate, L-potassium prolinate and L-potassium aspartate. The specific addition of the five amino acids in the invention can ensure the improvement of the tissue culture effect by combining the setting of other formula components of the nutrient solution.
If a certain amount of potassium amino acid is added to replace potassium nitrate, the absorption of plants on phosphorus and potassium elements is increased; the stress resistance of the plants is improved; it can increase chlorophyll content in plant, raise enzyme activity, promote carbon dioxide permeation, and make photosynthesis more vigorous, and has important functions of raising leaf quality of plant and increasing Vc and sugar content.
Can improve the quality of soilless culture crops, particularly reduce the content of nitrous acid in plants, simultaneously improve the content of soluble sugar and protein in plant leaves, and obviously improve the total nitrogen content of the leaves, thereby improving the quality of the crops.
The amino acid is organic carbon, can improve the carbon cycle of crops, and can enhance the stress resistance, disease resistance and pesticide resistance of the crops.
The amino acids have antioxidant effect in plant body, and can eliminate O in human body 2 - The immunity of the human body is improved, and the health-care value of vegetables and fruits is enhanced;
free amino acid around the root system can synthesize heavy metal ions into amino acid-heavy metal cation-polyphosphoric acid compound, so that the absorption of heavy metal ions by crops is reduced. In view of cost, the general nutrient solution fertilizer adopts industrial grade or agricultural grade, and does not adopt food grade with overhigh cost, so that the fertilizer has higher heavy metal content, and the amino acid is added, so that the toxic action of heavy metal ions on crop roots can be reduced, and the food safety is improved.
Specifically, the nutrient solution provided by the invention is used for water culture of the bitter chrysanthemum, so that the content of nitrate in a plant body is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorption rate of the roots is improved, and the requirement of the plant on water and fertilizer can be met by fewer roots); the leaf number, the water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured bitter chrysanthemum is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
Note that: amino acids include L-amino acids (L-form) and D-amino acids (D-form), have the same molecular formula, but differ in structure and are isomers (note: glycine has a simple structure and only one structure). Only L-amino acid (L-rotation) can be utilized by plants, and D-amino acid (D-rotation) has no effect on plants, so that L-amino acid (L-rotation) is used as the amino acid used in the invention, and the effective utilization of the amino acid is ensured.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother liquor;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and water to obtain a fertilizer A;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a fertilizer C;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, fertilizer A, fertilizer B and fertilizer C, stirring, and adjusting the pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
The invention preferably mixes the water, the potassium hydroxide mother liquor, the amino acid mother liquor, the fertilizer A, the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C in turn. In the present invention, stirring is preferably performed after each mixing. In the invention, the stirring time is preferably 10-30 min.
The invention also provides application of the nutrient solution in the technical scheme or the nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in plant tissue culture. In the present invention, the plant preferably comprises a sowthistle. The nutrient solution can be applied to tissue culture, and specifically comprises soilless culture (including water culture, water culture and gas spray culture) and nutrient solution culture production. The water-cultured sowthistle leaf provided by the invention has the advantages that the nitrate content in the plant body is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorption rate of the roots is improved, and the requirement of the plant on water and fertilizer can be met by using fewer roots); the leaf number, the water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved; the water-cultured bitter chrysanthemum is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
The nutrient solution containing organic components and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparing amino acid potassium: 449mg/L (8mmol/L) potassium hydroxide, 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L glycine 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1 mg/L;
(2) fertilizer A: 950mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate;
(3) b, fertilizer B: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 500mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155 mg/L;
(4) c, fertilizer C: 20mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate.
70% of raw water is added into the nutrient solution tank, and fertilizers are respectively weighed according to the formula. Firstly, putting potassium hydroxide into a glass or plastic container, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother liquor, pouring the concentrated mother liquor into a nutrient solution pool, stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pool for 10min, then sequentially preparing 5 amino acids into the mother liquor, pouring the mother liquor into the nutrient solution pool, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pool for 10 min; adding fertilizer A, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother liquor, pouring the concentrated mother liquor into a nutrient solution pool, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pool for 10 min; adding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of fertilizer B, adding a small amount of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother liquor, pouring the concentrated mother liquor into a nutrient solution pool, and stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pool for 10 min; and sequentially adding various fertilizers of fertilizer C: adding a small amount of water into EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate, stirring and dissolving to obtain concentrated mother liquor, pouring the concentrated mother liquor into a nutrient solution pool, stirring and circulating the nutrient solution pool for 30min, finally measuring the pH value of the nutrient solution by using pH test paper, and adjusting the pH value to be 6.0-7.0 by using sulfuric acid or nitric acid to complete the preparation of the nutrient solution.
Example 2
The test conditions are as follows: in the intelligent greenhouse, the bitter chrysanthemum is cultivated in a pipeline water culture mode (figure 1, a pipeline water culture bitter chrysanthemum picture).
The test method comprises the following steps: adopts a Japanese garden formula nutrient solution (contrast) and the nutrient solution containing 5 amino acids formula of the invention to respectively water culture the bitter chrysanthemum vegetable.
Test results and conclusions:
the test results of the swamp marmelo are shown relative to the control material (fig. 2, the growth comparison result of two nutrient solutions is shown):
1. the nitrate content in the bitter chrysanthemum is reduced by 15-25%;
2. the number, the root length and the fresh weight of the roots of the bitter chrysanthemum are all reduced by 30-40%;
3. the height and the crown width of the sowthistle herb are increased by 15-20%;
4. the number of leaves of the bitter chrysanthemum vegetable is increased by 20-30%;
5. the fresh weight of the sowthistle herb on the ground is increased, the dry weight is reduced, and the water content of the plant is improved.
Therefore, the following conclusions are drawn: compared with the sow thistle hydroponic culture method by using the Japanese garden formula nutrient solution prepared by the pure inorganic mineral nutrient fertilizer, the sow thistle hydroponic culture method by using the organic nutrient solution containing 5 amino acids has the advantages that the content of nitrate in a plant body is reduced (the safety is high), the number of roots is reduced (the absorption rate of the roots is improved, and the requirement of the plant on water fertilizer can be met by using fewer roots); the leaf number, the water content and the yield of the bitter chrysanthemum are greatly improved. Proves that the bitter chrysanthemum cultured by the organic nutrient solution is safer, the yield is improved, and the taste is more crisp and refreshing.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The nutrient solution containing organic components is characterized by comprising the following components in mass concentration: 449mg/L potassium hydroxide, 323.7mg/L, L-alanine 136.4mg/L, L-glutamic acid 114.3mg/L, L-proline 111.6mg/L, L-aspartic acid 55.1mg/L, 950mg/L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 500mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 155mg/L, EDTA ammonium dihydrogen phosphate iron sodium salt 20mg/L, 3mg/L boric acid, 2mg/L manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L zinc sulfate, 0.05mg/L copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L ammonium molybdate.
2. The nutrient solution according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0.
3. The nutrient solution according to claim 2, wherein the pH adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
4. A method of preparing a nutritional liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
mixing potassium hydroxide with water to obtain a potassium hydroxide mother liquor;
mixing glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-aspartic acid and water to obtain amino acid mother liquor;
mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and water to obtain a fertilizer A;
mixing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and water to obtain a fertilizer B;
mixing EDTA iron sodium salt, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with water to obtain a fertilizer C;
mixing water, potassium hydroxide mother liquor, amino acid mother liquor, A fertilizer, B fertilizer and C fertilizer, stirring, and adjusting the pH value to obtain the nutrient solution.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the water, the potassium hydroxide mother liquor, the amino acid mother liquor, the fertilizer A, the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C are mixed in sequence.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein stirring is performed after each mixing.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the stirring time is 10 to 30 min.
8. Use of the nutrient solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 in plant tissue culture.
9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the plant comprises a bitter chrysanthemum.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117185878A (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2023-12-08 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Plant nutrient solution and application thereof in dragon fruit cultivation and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111592429A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 漳州三炬生物技术有限公司 | Vegetable water culture nutrient solution containing amino acids as well as preparation method and application of vegetable water culture nutrient solution |
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| CN117185878A (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2023-12-08 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Plant nutrient solution and application thereof in dragon fruit cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN117185878B (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2024-02-13 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Application of plant nutrient solution in shortening root system length of dragon fruit |
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