WO2014080957A1 - 露光装置、移動体装置、及びデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
露光装置、移動体装置、及びデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014080957A1 WO2014080957A1 PCT/JP2013/081323 JP2013081323W WO2014080957A1 WO 2014080957 A1 WO2014080957 A1 WO 2014080957A1 JP 2013081323 W JP2013081323 W JP 2013081323W WO 2014080957 A1 WO2014080957 A1 WO 2014080957A1
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- moving body
- exposure apparatus
- wafer stage
- planar motor
- wafer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70775—Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
- G03F7/70725—Stages control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure apparatus, a movable body apparatus, and a device manufacturing method, and more particularly, to an exposure apparatus used in a lithography process for manufacturing a semiconductor element (such as an integrated circuit) and a liquid crystal display element, and a movable body that drives the movable body.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus.
- a step-and-repeat type projection exposure apparatus such as semiconductor elements and liquid crystal display elements
- a step-and-scan type projection exposure apparatus So-called scanning steppers (also called scanners)
- illumination light is formed on a reticle by projecting it onto a wafer (or a glass plate or the like) coated with a photosensitive agent (resist) via a reticle (or mask) and a projection optical system.
- the pattern (reduced image) is sequentially transferred to a plurality of shot areas on the wafer.
- a position measurement system configured using a conventional laser interferometer
- a position measurement system configured using an encoder and a surface position sensor having a measurement resolution equivalent to or higher than that of a laser interferometer
- an encoder system and a surface position sensor system adopted in an exposure apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 project a measurement beam onto a measurement surface (a reflective diffraction grating constituting the measurement surface) provided on a wafer stage and reflect the measurement beam.
- the displacement or the surface position (position in the Z-axis direction) of the measurement surface that is, the wafer stage
- the periodic direction of the diffraction grating is measured.
- a planar motor that drives a wafer stage that holds and moves the wafer in a two-dimensional direction to improve wafer positioning accuracy and throughput for example, a variable magnetoresistive drive system that can drive the wafer stage in a non-contact manner Of a linear pulse motor of two axes coupled, by a Lorentz electromagnetic force drive in which the linear motor is expanded in a two-dimensional direction (for example, Patent Document 2), and further arranged in one direction in a two-dimensional direction
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 A stack of armature coils and armature coils arranged in the other direction has been developed (for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the driving point at which the driving force acts (the bottom of the wafer stage where the mover is provided) is separated from the center of gravity of the wafer stage. Therefore, if the wafer stage is stopped during control, such as applying a dynamic brake or colliding with a shock absorber, etc., the wafer stage is stopped by pitching (rotating forward) due to inertial force. There is a possibility that the upper surface (wafer table) of the stage collides with a structure disposed immediately above it and is damaged.
- the encoder (head) and the surface position sensor (head) constituting the system are arranged at a height of about 1 mm or less from the upper surface of the wafer stage.
- an immersion exposure type exposure apparatus for example, Patent Document 5
- Patent Document 5 that exposes a wafer by irradiating illumination light through a projection optical system and a liquid in the immersion space
- Patent Document 5 An immersion apparatus such as a nozzle for supplying an immersion liquid to the immersion space is disposed immediately above the wafer stage.
- the present invention is an exposure apparatus that forms a pattern on an object by irradiating an energy beam, and holds the object on the base.
- a first direction intersecting the upper surface of the base with the moving body using a moving body, a mover provided on the moving body, and a stator provided on the base opposite to the mover And a planar motor that generates a driving force in the second direction along the upper surface, a first position measurement system that measures a position of the movable body in at least the second direction, and measurement results of the first position measurement system.
- the planar motor is controlled to drive the movable body in at least the second direction, and when an abnormality is detected in driving the movable body, the planar motor is controlled to move the movable body from the movable body to the movable body.
- an exposure apparatus comprising a.
- the planar motor is controlled to generate a driving force in the first direction from the moving body to the upper surface of the base, thereby avoiding the pitching of the moving body. It is possible to prevent damage to the moving body and the structure disposed immediately above the moving body.
- the present invention provides a base member, a movable body that can move two-dimensionally on the base member, a stator provided on the base member, and a movable element provided on the movable body. And a plane motor of a magnetic levitation method, and the planar motor to prevent the movable body from separating in a direction perpendicular to the plane including the two dimensions while the movable body moves in the two dimensions. And a control device that generates a driving force from the moving body toward the base member.
- the control device since the control device generates a driving force from the moving body toward the base member, the moving body may leave in a direction orthogonal to the plane including the two dimensions while the moving body moves in the two dimensions. It is suppressed.
- the present invention is an exposure apparatus having the mobile device of the present invention.
- the present invention is a device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view showing the wafer stage
- FIG. 2B is a plan view showing an arrangement of magnet units (magnets) in the wafer stage.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing excitation currents of the U coil, V coil, and W coil
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing thrust generated by the U coil, V coil, and W coil and their resultant force.
- FIG. 5 (C) is a diagram showing the excitation currents of the A coil, B coil, and C coil
- FIG. 5 (D) shows the thrust (levitation force) generated by the A coil, B coil, and C coil and their resultant force.
- FIG. It is a top view which shows arrangement
- FIG. 11A is a view for explaining the position measurement of the wafer stage using the encoder and the Z head during the exposure process
- FIG. 11B is a view for explaining the position measurement of the wafer stage using the encoder during the alignment measurement. is there. It is a figure for demonstrating the position measurement of the wafer stage using the Z head in focus mapping and focus calibration.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an exposure apparatus 100 according to an embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is a step-and-scan projection exposure apparatus, a so-called scanner.
- a projection optical system PL and a primary alignment system AL1 are provided.
- the direction parallel to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL is the Z-axis direction
- the direction parallel to the straight line connecting the optical axis AX and the detection center of the primary alignment system AL1 in the plane orthogonal to this is the Y-axis direction.
- the direction orthogonal to the Z axis and the Y axis is defined as the X axis direction, and the rotation (tilt) directions around the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are defined as the ⁇ x, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z directions, respectively.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination system 10, a reticle stage RST, a projection unit PU, a stage apparatus 50 having a wafer stage WST, and a control system thereof.
- wafer W is mounted on wafer stage WST.
- the illumination system 10 illuminates the slit-shaped illumination area IAR on the reticle R defined by the reticle blind (masking system) with illumination light (exposure light) IL with a substantially uniform illuminance.
- the configuration of the illumination system 10 is disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0025890.
- ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used as the illumination light IL.
- reticle stage RST On reticle stage RST, reticle R having a circuit pattern or the like formed on its pattern surface (lower surface in FIG. 1) is fixed, for example, by vacuum suction.
- the reticle stage RST can be finely driven in the XY plane by a reticle stage drive system 11 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 10) including, for example, a linear motor, and the scanning direction (left and right direction in FIG. 1). In the Y-axis direction) at a predetermined scanning speed.
- Position information (including rotation information in the ⁇ z direction) of reticle stage RST in the XY plane is formed on movable mirror 15 (or on the end face of reticle stage RST) by reticle laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as “reticle interferometer”) 116.
- reticle interferometer reticle laser interferometer
- the measurement value of reticle interferometer 116 is sent to main controller 20 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 10).
- Projection unit PU is arranged below reticle stage RST in FIG.
- the projection unit PU includes a lens barrel 40 and a projection optical system PL held in the lens barrel 40.
- projection optical system PL for example, a refractive optical system including a plurality of optical elements (lens elements) arranged along optical axis AX parallel to the Z-axis direction is used.
- the projection optical system PL is, for example, both-side telecentric and has a predetermined projection magnification (for example, 1/4 times, 1/5 times, or 1/8 times).
- the illumination area IAR on the reticle R is illuminated by the illumination system 10
- the reduced image of the circuit pattern of the reticle R in the illumination area IAR (a reduced image of a part of the circuit pattern) is passed through the projection optical system PL (projection unit PU) by the IL on the second surface (image surface) side.
- an area IA hereinafter also referred to as an exposure area
- reticle R is moved relative to illumination area IAR (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) and exposure area IA (illumination light IL).
- illumination area IAR illumination light IL
- exposure area IA illumination light IL
- a reticle pattern is transferred to the shot area.
- a pattern is generated on the wafer W by the illumination system 10, the reticle R, and the projection optical system PL, and the pattern is formed on the wafer W by exposure of the sensitive layer (resist layer) on the wafer W by the illumination light IL. Is formed.
- the stage device 50 includes a base board 12, a wafer stage WST disposed on the base board 12, a measurement system 200 (see FIG. 10) for measuring positional information of the wafer stage WST, and a wafer stage.
- a stage drive system 124 (see FIG. 10) for driving the WST is provided.
- the measurement system 200 includes an interferometer system 118, an encoder system 150, a surface position sensor system 180, and the like.
- stator 60 described later is accommodated.
- Wafer stage WST includes a stage main body 91 and a wafer table WTB mounted thereon.
- the stage main body 91 has a mover 51.
- a planar motor 124 (also referred to as a stage drive system 124) is constituted by the mover 51 and the stator 60 provided in the base board 12.
- FIG. 2A shows a plan view of wafer stage WST.
- FIG. 2B is a plan view showing the arrangement of magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 , 55Y 1 , 55Y 2 in wafer stage WST.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an arrangement of the armature coils 38X and 38Y in the stage device 50, particularly the base board 12.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
- the mover 51 is provided at the bottom of the stage main body 91 (see FIG. 4). As shown in FIG. 2B, the mover 51 has magnet units 55X 1 , 55X in the ⁇ X, + Y and + X, ⁇ Y portions, respectively. 2. Magnet units 55Y 1 and 55Y 2 are provided in the + X and + Y portions and the ⁇ X and ⁇ Y portions, respectively.
- the magnet units 55X 1 and 55X 2 are composed of cubic magnets having a longitudinal axis in the Y-axis direction and arranged so that the polarities of the magnetic pole surfaces adjacent in the X-axis direction are different from each other.
- the magnet units 55Y 1 and 55Y 2 are formed of cubic magnets having the longitudinal direction in the X-axis direction arranged so that the polarities of the magnetic pole surfaces adjacent in the Y-axis direction are different from each other.
- the base board 12 includes a hollow main body portion 35 whose upper surface is open, and a ceramic plate 36 that closes the opening portion of the main body portion 35. On the surface (upper surface) of the ceramic plate 36 facing the mover 51, a moving surface 12a of the mover 51 is formed.
- armature coils 38X In the internal space 35 0 of the base plate 12 formed by the main body portion 35 and the ceramic plate 36, a plurality of armature coils 38X, is 38Y are arranged along the moving surface 12a ing.
- the armature coils 38X and 38Y rectangular coils whose long sides are three times longer than the short sides are used.
- the armature coil 38X (38Y) is laminated with three coils arranged in the X-axis direction (Y-axis direction) with the longitudinal direction oriented in the Y-axis direction (X-axis direction), and these (see FIG. 4).
- one rectangular X coil unit 60X having the same length on all four sides is formed by three coils arranged in the X axis direction (Y axis direction) with the longitudinal direction oriented in the Y axis direction (X axis direction).
- (Y coil unit 60Y) is comprised.
- the inner space 35 0, and these X coil unit 60X and the Y coil unit 60Y are arranged alternately in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the coil units 60X and 60Y arranged in the section indicated by the two labels ij are represented by reference numerals 60X ij and 60Y ij , respectively.
- they are represented as a Y coil unit 60Y 11 arranged closest to the ⁇ X side and the ⁇ Y side, and an X coil unit 60X 21 arranged on the + X side thereof.
- it means a coil unit in a specific section, it will be named generically using reference numerals 60X and 60Y.
- the X coil unit 60X (Y coil unit 60Y) has three armature coils 38X (38Y) arranged in the upper stage among the six armature coils 38X (38Y) constituting the X coil unit 60X (Y coil direction 60Y). ) To form a three-phase coil. These are called U coil 38Xu (38Yu), V coil 38Xv (38Yv), and W coil 38Xw (38Yw) in the order of arrangement (see FIGS. 3 and 4). However, unless it means a specific armature coil of the three-phase coils, it is generically referred to by reference numeral 38X (38Y).
- the X coil unit 60X (Y coil unit 60Y) has three armature coils 38X (38Y) arranged in the lower stage among the six armature coils 38X (38Y) constituting the X coil unit 60X (Y coil unit 60Y).
- a three-phase coil for generating thrust is configured. Them into the order of sequence A coil 38X A (38Y A), B coils 38X B (38Y B), and is referred to as a C-coil 38X C (38Y C) (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
- it means a specific armature coil of the three-phase coils it is generically referred to by reference numeral 38X (38Y).
- FIG. 5A shows the three-phase excitation current I U of the three-phase coil, the U coil 38Xu (38Yu), the V coil 38Xv (38Yv), and the W coil 38Xw (38Yw) constituting the armature coil 38X (38Y).
- I V , I W are shown.
- the excitation currents I U , I V , and I W oscillate over time with phases shifted by 2 ⁇ / 3 in order.
- the U coil, the V coil, and the W coil are each in the X axis shown in FIG.
- the thrusts F U , F V , and FW in the direction (Y-axis direction) are applied to the opposing magnet units 55X 1 and 55X 2 (55Y 1 and 55Y 2 ).
- FIG. 5C shows a three-phase coil, an A coil 38X A (38Y A ), a B coil 38X B (38Y B ), and a C coil 38X C (38Y) constituting the X coil unit 60X (Y coil unit 60Y).
- C three-phase excitation currents I A , I B , I C are shown.
- the excitation currents I A , I B , and I C sequentially oscillate with a phase shifted by 2 ⁇ / 3 in order.
- the A coil, B coil, and C coil are respectively Z-axis shown in FIG.
- Directional thrusts F A , F B , and F C are applied to opposing magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 (55Y 1 , 55Y 2 ).
- wafer stage WST is levitated and supported above base board 12 through a clearance of about 100 ⁇ m.
- the X coil unit 60X (Y coil unit 60Y) constituting the stator 60 constitutes the mover 51. It functions as a 2DOF motor that applies driving force in the X-axis direction (Y-axis direction) and Z-axis direction to the magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 (55Y 1 , 55Y 2 ).
- the magnet unit 55X 1, 55X 2 in opposing different X coil unit 60X (Y coil units 60Y) constituting the armature coils 38X U, 38X V, 38X W (38Y U, 38Y
- the mover 51 is rotated in the ⁇ z direction with respect to the stator 60.
- the amplitudes of the three-phase currents I k and I h are controlled by the main controller 20 (see FIG. 10).
- a wafer holder (not shown) for holding the wafer W by vacuum suction or the like is provided at the center of the upper surface of the wafer table WTB.
- the measurement plate 30 is provided on the + Y side of the wafer holder (wafer W) on the upper surface of the wafer table WTB.
- the measurement plate 30 is provided with a reference mark FM at the center, and a pair of aerial image measurement slit patterns (slit-shaped measurement patterns) SL are provided on both sides of the reference mark FM in the X-axis direction.
- an optical system, a light receiving element, and the like are arranged inside wafer table WTB. That is, on wafer table WTB, a pair of aerial image measurement devices 45A and 45B (see FIG. 10) including aerial image measurement slit pattern SL are provided.
- a scale used in an encoder system described later is formed on the upper surface of wafer table WTB. More specifically, Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 are formed in regions on one side and the other side of the upper surface of wafer table WTB in the X-axis direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2A).
- the Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 are, for example, reflective type gratings (for example, diffraction gratings) in which the Y axis direction is a periodic direction in which grid lines 38 having the X axis direction as the longitudinal direction are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the Y axis direction. ).
- the X scale in a state sandwiched between Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 on one side and the other side of the upper surface of wafer table WTB in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2A).
- 39X 1 and 39X 2 are formed.
- the X scales 39X 1 and 39X 2 are, for example, reflection type gratings (for example, diffraction gratings) in which the X-axis direction is a periodic direction in which grid lines 37 having a longitudinal direction in the Y-axis direction are arranged in the X-axis direction at a predetermined pitch. ).
- the pitch of the grid lines 37 and 38 is set to 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- the pitch of the grating is shown larger than the actual pitch for the convenience of illustration.
- the diffraction grating is also effective to cover the diffraction grating with a glass plate having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- a glass plate having the same thickness as the wafer for example, a thickness of 1 mm can be used, and the wafer table is such that the surface of the glass plate is the same height (same surface) as the wafer surface. Installed on top of WTB.
- a reflecting surface 17a and a reflecting surface 17b used in an interferometer system to be described later are formed on the ⁇ Y end surface and the ⁇ X end surface of the wafer table WTB.
- the surface on the + Y side of wafer table WTB extends in the X-axis direction, similar to the CD bar disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0088843.
- a fiducial bar (hereinafter abbreviated as “FD bar”) 46 is attached.
- Reference gratings (for example, diffraction gratings) 52 having a periodic direction in the Y-axis direction are formed in the vicinity of one end and the other end in the longitudinal direction of the FD bar 46 in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the center line LL. .
- a plurality of reference marks M are formed on the upper surface of the FD bar 46. As each reference mark M, a two-dimensional mark having a size detectable by an alignment system described later is used.
- a straight line (hereinafter referred to as a reference axis) parallel to the Y axis connecting the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL and the detection center of the primary alignment system AL1.
- a primary alignment system AL1 having a detection center is disposed at a position on the LV at a predetermined distance from the optical axis AX to the -Y side.
- Primary alignment system AL1 is fixed to the lower surface of the main frame (not shown). As shown in FIG.
- secondary alignment systems AL2 1 and AL2 2 in which detection centers are arranged almost symmetrically with respect to the reference axis LV on one side and the other side in the X-axis direction across the primary alignment system AL1. , AL2 3 and AL2 4 are provided.
- the secondary alignment systems AL2 1 to AL2 4 are fixed to the lower surface of the main frame (not shown) through movable support members, and are driven in the X-axis direction by drive mechanisms 60 1 to 60 4 (see FIG. 10). The relative positions of these detection areas can be adjusted.
- each of the alignment systems AL1, AL2 1 to AL2 4 for example, an image processing type FIA (Field Image Alignment) system is used. Imaging signals from the alignment systems AL1, AL2 1 to AL2 4 are supplied to the main controller 20 through a signal processing system (not shown).
- FIA Field Image Alignment
- interferometer system 118 irradiates reflection surface 17a or 17b with an interferometer beam (length measurement beam), receives the reflected light, and positions wafer stage WST in the XY plane.
- Y interferometer 16 three X interferometers 126 to 128, and a pair of Z interferometers 43A and 43B. More specifically, the Y interferometer 16 reflects at least three length measuring beams parallel to the Y axis including a pair of length measuring beams B4 1 and B4 2 symmetric with respect to the reference axis LV, and a movable mirror 41 described later. Irradiate. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the X interferometer 126 includes a pair of length measuring beams that are symmetrical with respect to a straight line (hereinafter referred to as a reference axis) LH parallel to the X axis orthogonal to the optical axis AX and the reference axis LV.
- B5 1, B5 parallel measurement beam into at least three X-axis including 2 irradiates the reflecting surface 17b.
- the X interferometer 127 includes at least a length measuring beam B6 having a length measuring axis as a straight line LA (hereinafter referred to as a reference axis) LA parallel to the X axis orthogonal to the reference axis LV at the detection center of the alignment system AL1.
- a measuring beam parallel to the two Y axes is irradiated onto the reflecting surface 17b.
- the X interferometer 128 irradiates the reflection surface 17b with a measurement beam B7 parallel to the X axis.
- the position information from each interferometer of the interferometer system 118 is supplied to the main controller 20.
- main controller 20 Based on the measurement results of Y interferometer 16 and X interferometer 126 or 127, main controller 20 adds rotation information (that is, pitching) in the ⁇ x direction in addition to the X and Y positions of wafer table WTB (wafer stage WST), The rotation information in the ⁇ y direction (that is, rolling) and the rotation information in the ⁇ z direction (that is, yawing) can also be calculated.
- a movable mirror 41 having a concave reflecting surface is attached to the side surface of the stage body 91 on the ⁇ Y side. As can be seen from FIG. 2A, the movable mirror 41 is longer in the X-axis direction than the reflecting surface 17a of the wafer table WTB.
- a pair of Z interferometers 43A and 43B constituting a part of the interferometer system 118 are provided (see FIGS. 1 and 6).
- Z interferometers 43A and 43B are connected to fixed mirrors 47A and 47B, for example, fixed to a frame (not shown) that supports projection unit PU, via movable mirror 41, and length measuring beams B1 and B2 parallel to the two Y axes, respectively. Irradiate B2. And each reflected light is received and the optical path length of length measuring beam B1, B2 is measured.
- main controller 20 calculates the position of wafer stage WST in the four degrees of freedom (Y, Z, ⁇ y, ⁇ z) direction.
- a plurality of encoder systems 150 are configured to measure the position (X, Y, ⁇ z) in the XY plane of the wafer stage WST independently of the interferometer system 118.
- a head unit is provided.
- head units 62A, 62B, 62C, and 62D are arranged on the + X side, + Y side, -X side of the projection unit PU, and the -Y side of the primary alignment system AL1, respectively.
- head units 62E and 62F are respectively provided on both outer sides in the X-axis direction of the alignment systems AL1, AL2 1 to AL2 4 .
- the head units 62A to 62F are fixed in a suspended state to a main frame (not shown) that holds the projection unit PU via support members.
- symbol UP indicates an unloading position at which a wafer on wafer stage WST is unloaded
- symbol LP indicates a loading position at which a new wafer is loaded on wafer stage WST. Show.
- the head units 62A and 62C include a plurality of (here, five) Y heads 65 1 to 65 5 and Y heads 64 1 to 64 arranged at predetermined intervals on the reference axis LH. 5 is provided.
- the Y heads 65 1 to 65 5 and the Y heads 64 1 to 64 5 are also referred to as the Y head 65 and the Y head 64, respectively, as necessary.
- the head units 62A and 62C use the Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 to measure the position (Y position) of the wafer stage WST (wafer table WTB) in the Y-axis direction (multi-lens Y linear encoders 70A and 70C). 10).
- the Y linear encoder is abbreviated as “Y encoder” or “encoder” as appropriate.
- the head unit 62B is arranged on the + Y side of the projection unit PU, and includes a plurality (four in this case) of X heads 66 5 to 66 8 arranged at intervals WD on the reference axis LV.
- the head unit 62D includes a plurality (four in this case) of X heads 66 1 to 66 4 that are arranged on the ⁇ Y side of the primary alignment system AL1 and arranged on the reference axis LV at intervals WD.
- the X heads 66 5 to 66 8 and the X heads 66 1 to 66 4 are also referred to as the X head 66 as necessary.
- the head units 62B and 62D use X scales 39X 1 and 39X 2 to measure the position (X position) of the wafer stage WST (wafer table WTB) in the X-axis direction (X position). 10).
- the X linear encoder is abbreviated as “X encoder” or “encoder” as appropriate.
- the interval WD in the X-axis direction of the five Y heads 65 and 64 (more precisely, the irradiation points on the scale of the measurement beam emitted by the Y heads 65 and 64) provided in the head units 62A and 62C, respectively.
- the interval WD in the Y-axis direction between adjacent X heads 66 (more precisely, the irradiation points on the scale of the measurement beam emitted by the X head 66) provided in the head units 62B and 62D is determined during exposure.
- the distance between the most + Y side X heads 66 4 of the most -Y side of the X heads 66 5 and the head unit 62D of the head unit 62B is the movement of the Y-axis direction of wafer stage WST, between the two X heads
- the width of the wafer table WTB is set to be narrower than the width in the Y-axis direction so that it can be switched (connected).
- the head unit 62E includes a plurality of (here, four) Y heads 67 1 to 67 4 .
- Head unit 62F is equipped with a Y heads 68 1-68 4 a plurality of (four in this case).
- the Y heads 68 1 to 68 4 are arranged at positions symmetrical to the Y heads 67 4 to 67 1 with respect to the reference axis LV.
- the Y heads 67 4 to 67 1 and the Y heads 68 1 to 68 4 are also referred to as a Y head 67 and a Y head 68, respectively, as necessary.
- At the time of alignment measurement at least one Y head 67 and 68 faces the Y scales 39Y 2 and 39Y 1 , respectively.
- Y head 67 3, 68 2 faces the Y scales 39Y 2, 39Y 1 respectively.
- the Y position (and ⁇ z rotation) of wafer stage WST is measured by Y heads 67 and 68 (that is, Y encoders 70E and 70F configured by Y heads 67 and 68).
- the Y heads 67 3 and 68 2 adjacent to the secondary alignment systems AL2 1 and AL2 4 in the X-axis direction are used as a pair of reference grids of the FD bar 46 when measuring the baseline of the secondary alignment system.
- the Y position of the FD bar 46 is measured at the position of each reference grating 52 by the Y heads 67 3 and 68 2 that face each other and the pair of reference gratings 52.
- encoders configured by Y heads 67 3 and 68 2 respectively facing the pair of reference gratings 52 are referred to as Y linear encoders 70E 2 and 70F 2 (see FIG. 10).
- the Y encoder constituted by the Y heads 67 and 68 facing the Y scales 39Y 2 and 39Y 1 is referred to as Y encoders 70E 1 and 70F 1 .
- Main controller 20 determines position (X) of wafer stage WST in the XY plane based on the measurement values of three encoders 70A to 70D or three encoders 70E 1 , 7F 1 , 70B and 70D. , Y, ⁇ z).
- the measured values of X head 66 and Y heads 65 and 64 (or 68 and 67) are at the position (X, Y, ⁇ z) of wafer stage WST.
- main controller 20 substitutes the measured values C X , C Y1 , and C Y2 of the three heads into simultaneous equations (1a) to (1c) and solves them to obtain the values in the XY plane of wafer stage WST.
- the position (X, Y, ⁇ z) is calculated. Based on the calculation result, drive control of wafer stage WST is performed.
- Main controller 20 controls the rotation of FD bar 46 (wafer stage WST) in the ⁇ z direction based on the measurement values of linear encoders 70E 2 and 70F 2 .
- the measured values of the linear encoders 70E 2 and 70F 2 (represented as C Y1 and CY2 respectively) are expressed by the equations (1b) and (1c) with respect to the (X, Y, ⁇ z) position of the FD bar 46.
- the ⁇ z position of the FD bar 46 is obtained from the measured values C Y1 and C Y2 as follows.
- each encoder head for example, an interference type encoder head disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0088843 can be used.
- this type of encoder head two measurement beams are irradiated onto corresponding scales, the respective return lights are combined into one interference light, and the intensity of the interference light is measured using a photodetector. Based on the intensity change of the interference light, the displacement in the measurement direction of the scale (period direction of the diffraction grating) is measured.
- a multipoint focal position detection system (hereinafter referred to as “multipoint AF system”) including an irradiation system 90a and a light receiving system 90b. ) Is provided.
- the multipoint AF system an oblique incidence system having the same configuration as that disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,448,332 is adopted.
- the irradiation system 90a is disposed on the + Y side of the ⁇ X end of the head unit 62E described above, and light is received on the + Y side of the + X end of the head unit 62F while facing this.
- a system 90b is arranged.
- the multipoint AF system (90a, 90b) is fixed to the lower surface of the main frame that holds the projection unit PU.
- a plurality of detection points to which the detection beam is irradiated are not individually illustrated, but as elongated detection areas (beam areas) AF extending in the X-axis direction between the irradiation system 90a and the light receiving system 90b. It is shown. Since the detection area AF is set to have a length in the X-axis direction that is approximately the same as the diameter of the wafer W, the wafer W is scanned almost in the Y-axis direction once in the Z-axis direction. Position information (surface position information) can be measured.
- a pair of surface position sensor systems 180 constituting a part of the surface position sensor system 180 is arranged in the vicinity of both ends of the detection area AF of the multipoint AF system (90a, 90b) in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the reference axis LV.
- Heads for Z position measurement hereinafter abbreviated as “Z head” 72a, 72b and 72c, 72d are provided. These Z heads 72a to 72d are fixed to the lower surface of a main frame (not shown).
- Z heads 72a to 72d for example, an optical displacement sensor head similar to an optical pickup used in a CD drive device or the like is used.
- Z heads 72a to 72d irradiate wafer table WTB with a measurement beam from above, receive the reflected light, and measure the surface position of wafer table WTB at the irradiation point.
- a configuration is adopted in which the measurement beam of the Z head is reflected by the reflection type diffraction grating constituting the Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 described above.
- the five Z heads 76 j and 74 i belonging to the head units 62A and 62C are arranged symmetrically with respect to the reference axis LV.
- a head of an optical displacement sensor similar to the Z heads 72a to 72d described above is employed.
- Z heads 72a ⁇ 72d, 74 1 ⁇ 74 5, 76 1 ⁇ 76 5 is connected to the main controller 20 via the signal processing and selection device 170, the main control The device 20 selects an arbitrary Z head from among the Z heads 72a to 72d, 74 1 to 74 5 , and 76 1 to 76 5 via the signal processing / selection device 170, and sets the operating state.
- Surface position information detected by the Z head is received via the signal processing / selection device 170.
- Z heads 72a ⁇ 72d, 74 1 ⁇ 74 5, 76 and 1-76. 5 the position information of the tilt direction and a signal processing and selection device 170 with respect to the Z-axis direction and the XY plane of wafer stage WST
- a surface position sensor system 180 that measures the above is configured.
- main controller 20 uses surface position sensor system 180 (see FIG. 10), in an effective stroke area of wafer stage WST, that is, in an area where wafer stage WST moves for exposure and alignment measurement.
- the position coordinates in the two-degree-of-freedom direction (Z, ⁇ y) are measured.
- main controller 20 uses a measured value of at least one Z head 76 j , 74 i (j, i is any one of 1 to 5), and uses a reference point (table surface and light) on the table surface.
- the height Z 0 and rolling ⁇ y of wafer stage WST at the intersection with axis AX) are calculated.
- the measured values of the Z heads 76 3 and 74 3 facing the Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 are used.
- the measured values (represented as Z 1 and Z 2 , respectively) of Z heads 76 j and 74 i (j and i are any one of 1 to 5) are (Z 0 , ⁇ x, ⁇ y) of wafer stage WST. It depends on the position as follows.
- main controller 20 calculates height Z 0 of wafer stage WST and rolling ⁇ y from equations (4a) and (4b) using measured values Z 1 and Z 2 of Z heads 76 j and 74 i. To do.
- the pitching ⁇ x uses a measurement result of another sensor system (interferometer system 118 in the present embodiment).
- main controller 20 displays measured values of four Z heads 72a to 72d facing Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 (represented as Za, Zb, Zc, and Zd, respectively).
- Z 0 (Za + Zb + Zc + Zd) / 4
- tan ⁇ y - (Za + Zb- Zc-Zd) / (p a + p b -p c -p d).
- (p a , q a ), (p b , q b ), (p c , q c ), and (p d , q d ) are the X and Y installation positions (more accurate) of the Z heads 72a to 72d, respectively. (X, Y position of the irradiation point of the measurement beam).
- FIG. 10 shows the main configuration of the control system of the exposure apparatus 100.
- This control system is mainly configured of a main control device 20 composed of a microcomputer (or a workstation) for overall control of the entire apparatus.
- wafer stage WST is used in accordance with a procedure similar to the procedure disclosed in the embodiment of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0088843. Normal sequence processing is executed by the main controller 20.
- the measurement beam of the encoder has a spread of, for example, 2 mm in the measurement direction and 50 ⁇ m in the lattice line direction on the reflection surface.
- the measurement beam of the Z sensor is condensed to several ⁇ m on the diffraction grating surface, which is a reflection surface, but spreads to the order of sub millimeters on the scale surface according to the numerical aperture. Therefore, even a small foreign object can be detected. Furthermore, in practical terms, it is impossible to completely prevent foreign objects from entering the device and adhering to the scale surface over a long period of time. In addition, there may be a situation in which the encoder or the Z sensor breaks down and the output is interrupted.
- water droplets may remain on the scale surface without being collected.
- the water droplets can be a source for generating abnormal measurement results of the encoder and the Z sensor.
- the encoder and the Z sensor detect a water droplet, the measurement beam is blocked by the water droplet, the beam intensity is lowered, and the output signal is interrupted. Further, since substances having different refractive indexes are detected, it is considered that the linearity of the measurement result with respect to the displacement of wafer stage WST is lowered.
- the main controller 20 performs encoders 70A to 70F (X head and Y heads 64 to 68) and Z heads 76 j and 74 i constituting the encoder system 150 and the surface position sensor system 180 every time a measurement clock (for example, 10 ⁇ sec) is generated. Collect output signals such as. Main controller 20 calculates the position of wafer stage WST using an output signal collected every time a control clock (eg, 100 ⁇ sec) is generated, and determines a drive target for wafer stage WST based on the result. The determined drive target is transmitted to the stage drive system 124, and the wafer stage WST is driven by the stage drive system 124 according to the target.
- a measurement clock for example, 10 ⁇ sec
- wafer stage WST is calculated.
- the position (X, Y, ⁇ z) in the XY plane the height Z 0 of wafer stage WST and rolling ⁇ y are calculated from the measured values of Z heads 76 j , 74 i using equation (4).
- the calculation fails and the position of wafer stage WST cannot be obtained, or a result containing a large error (incorrect) is obtained, and the drive target of wafer stage WST cannot be determined or is incorrect. Is determined.
- main controller 20 urgently stops wafer stage WST by, for example, applying a dynamic brake or causing it to collide with a shock absorber or the like.
- the stage drive system 124 performs drive control according to the target. Therefore, wafer stage WST is subjected to rapid acceleration / deceleration.
- the drive point at which the drive force acts (the bottom of the wafer stage WST on which the movable element 51 is provided) is from the center of gravity of the wafer stage WST. is seperated. Therefore, as described above, when wafer stage WST is subjected to rapid acceleration / deceleration, pitching (rotation that falls forward) occurs due to inertial force, and encoder 70A in which the upper surface (wafer table WTB) of wafer stage WST is disposed immediately above it.
- ⁇ 70F (X heads and Y heads 64-68) and Z heads 76 j, 74 i, the immersion nozzle for supplying the like to the immersion space between the further projection optical system and the wafer in the case of immersion exposure apparatus
- the X scales 39X 1 and 39X 2 and the Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2 may be damaged.
- main controller 20 detects an abnormality in the drive control of wafer stage WST including an abnormality in encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180 described above, in order to avoid pitching of wafer stage WST as described above.
- a motor (stage drive system) 124 is controlled to apply a vertical thrust to wafer stage WST.
- the main controller 20 an abnormality of the encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180, encoders 70A ⁇ 70F constituting them (X heads and Y heads 64-68) and the output signal from the Z heads 76 j, 74 i, etc. Is detected from the fact that the measurement results are interrupted, a rapid change in the measurement results, a deviation of the measurement results from the measurement results of another sensor system, and the like.
- the main control unit 20 performs the encoders 70A to 70F (X head and Y heads 64 to 68) and the Z head that constitute the encoder system 150 and the surface position sensor system 180 every time a measurement clock having a shorter cycle than the control clock is generated. Collect output signals of 76 j , 74 i, etc. Accordingly, it is possible to detect that the output signal is interrupted prior to generation of the control clock, that is, drive control of wafer stage WST.
- main controller 20 calculates the position of wafer stage WST using the output signal collected every time the measurement clock is generated, and compares the calculation result with the calculation result obtained when the previous measurement clock is generated. From this comparison, when it is determined that the position of wafer stage WST has changed so much as to be impossible in consideration of the actual stage driving speed, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180. To do. Alternatively, the position calculation result is compared with the drive target obtained when the previous measurement clock is generated (or before the current measurement clock is generated), and if the deviation exceeds a predetermined allowable range, the encoder system 150 and the surface position It is determined that an abnormality has occurred in sensor system 180.
- main controller 20 calculates, based on the calculation result of position of wafer stage WST, for example, individual encoders 70A to 70F (X head and Y heads 64 to 68) and Z heads 76 j and 74 when the next measurement clock is generated.
- individual encoders 70A to 70F X head and Y heads 64 to 68
- Z heads 76 j and 74 when the next measurement clock is generated.
- main controller 20 calculates the position of wafer stage WST from the output signals of encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180 each time a measurement clock is generated, and also determines the position of wafer stage WST from the measurement result of interferometer system 118. The position is calculated, and the calculation results are compared. If the deviation exceeds a predetermined allowable range, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the encoder system 150 and the surface position sensor system 180.
- Abnormalities in drive control of wafer stage WST can also be detected using a magnetic sensor (not shown) such as a Hall element provided in base board 12 (stator 60).
- the magnetic sensor detects the magnetic field (intensity) induced by the magnets constituting the mover 51 (magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 , 55Y 1 , 55Y 2 ) of wafer stage WST, and obtains the arrangement of the magnets. For use.
- detecting the magnetic field (intensity) induced by the magnet corresponds to measuring a separation distance between the magnet, that is, wafer stage WST and the upper surface of base board 12.
- the magnetic sensor (not shown) can also be used as a gap sensor for measuring the distance between the wafer stage WST and the upper surface of the base board 12. Therefore, main controller 20 controls the drive of wafer stage WST and collects the output of a magnetic sensor (not shown) every time a measurement clock is generated, thereby separating the wafer stage WST from the upper surface of base board 12 (or If the magnetic field intensity, which is the output of the magnetic sensor, exceeds a predetermined allowable range, it is assumed that pitching of wafer stage WST has occurred, and an abnormality in drive control of wafer stage WST is detected.
- main controller 20 When main controller 20 detects an abnormality in the drive control of wafer stage WST including the abnormality in encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180 as described above, main controller 20 generates the next control clock or the next control clock. Immediately without waiting, the planar motor (stage drive system) 124 is controlled to apply a thrust in the vertical direction ( ⁇ Z direction) to the wafer stage WST.
- the X coil units 60X 25 , 60X 36 , 60X 34 , 60X 45 , 60X 52 , 60X 54 , 60X 63 , 60X 72 , 60X 74 located immediately below the magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 are placed.
- wafer stage WST receives a thrust in the vertical direction ( ⁇ Z direction), contacts the upper surface of base board 12 without causing pitching, and stops due to friction from the upper surface.
- thrust in the vertical direction is not necessarily applied to the entire bottom surface of wafer stage WST, that is, all of magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 , 55Y 1 , 55Y 2 , but only a part of the region.
- thrust in the vertical direction ( ⁇ Z direction) may be applied only to the magnet units 55X 1 , 55X 2 , 55Y 1 , 55Y 2 positioned rearward with respect to the traveling direction of the wafer stage WST.
- the X coil units 60X 25 located immediately below the magnet units 55X 1 , 55Y 1 located behind the traveling direction.
- At least one of the bottom surface of the wafer stage WST (stage main body 91) and the upper surface of the base board 12 is made of, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It is covered with a highly slidable material such as a fluorocarbon resin.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Excitation current three-phase current
- the main controller 20 that measures the position of the wafer stage WST and controls the drive based on the result detects an abnormality in the drive control of the wafer stage WST including the abnormality in the encoder system 150 and the surface position sensor system 180, and the planar motor (Stage drive system) 124 is controlled to apply a thrust in the vertical direction to wafer stage WST.
- a control system independent of the control system for driving and controlling wafer stage WST has an abnormality in the drive control of wafer stage WST.
- a planar motor (stage drive system) 124 may be controlled to apply a vertical thrust to wafer stage WST.
- wafer stage WST is controlled by controlling stage drive system 124, which is a magnetic levitation type planar motor, based on the measurement results of encoder system 150 and surface position sensor system 180.
- stage drive system 124 is controlled to apply vertical thrust to wafer stage WST.
- wafer stage WST especially X scales 39X 1 and 39X 2 and Y scales 39Y 1 and 39Y 2
- structures particularly X head and It is possible to prevent the Y heads 64 to 68 and the Z heads 76 j and 74 i ) from being damaged.
- main controller 20 uses wafer stage WST using encoder system 150, surface position sensor system 180, and magnetic sensor (not shown) disposed in base board 12 (stator 60).
- the abnormality may be detected by using other sensors.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is usually provided with an earthquake sensor including an acceleration pickup that detects acceleration of earthquake motion. Therefore, when the earthquake sensor detects earthquake motion, main controller 20 may apply vertical thrust to wafer stage WST, assuming that an abnormality in drive control of wafer stage WST has been detected.
- stage drive system 124 by generating a driving force from wafer stage WST toward base board 12 by stage drive system 124, wafer stage WST is prevented from moving away from base board 12 while wafer stage WST moves on base board 12. The Thus, not only when an abnormality in the drive control of wafer stage WST is detected, it is possible to suppress the pitching operation that occurs at the time of sudden acceleration / deceleration of wafer stage WST, collision, or the like.
- an encoder system having a configuration in which a grating portion (Y scale, X scale) is provided on a wafer table (wafer stage) and a Y head and an X head are disposed outside the wafer stage so as to face the lattice portion.
- a grating portion Y scale, X scale
- a wafer stage wafer stage
- a Y head and an X head are disposed outside the wafer stage so as to face the lattice portion.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0227309, an encoder head is provided on the wafer stage, and the wafer stage is opposed to the encoder head.
- the Z head may also be provided on the wafer stage, and the surface of the lattice portion may be a reflective surface to which the measurement beam of the Z head is irradiated.
- the encoder head and the Z head are separately provided in the head units 62A and 62C .
- a single unit having the functions of the encoder head and the Z head has been described.
- the head may be used in place of a set of encoder head and Z head.
- the present invention is applied to a dry type exposure apparatus that exposes the wafer W without using liquid (water) has been described.
- a dry type exposure apparatus that exposes the wafer W without using liquid (water)
- an immersion space including an optical path of illumination light is formed between the projection optical system and the wafer, and the illumination light passes through the projection optical system and the liquid in the immersion space.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that exposes a wafer. Further, the present invention can be applied to an immersion exposure apparatus disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0088843.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is applied to a stationary exposure apparatus such as a stepper. May be.
- the present invention can also be applied to a step-and-stitch reduction projection exposure apparatus, a proximity exposure apparatus, or a mirror projection aligner that synthesizes a shot area and a shot area.
- the present invention can be applied to a multi-stage type exposure apparatus having a plurality of wafer stages.
- an exposure apparatus including a measurement stage including a measurement member for example, a reference mark and / or a sensor
- the invention is applicable.
- the projection optical system in the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment may be not only a reduction system but also any of the same magnification and enlargement systems
- the projection optical system PL may be any of a reflection system and a catadioptric system as well as a refraction system.
- the projected image may be either an inverted image or an erect image.
- the illumination area and the exposure area described above are rectangular in shape, but the shape is not limited to this, and may be, for example, an arc, a trapezoid, or a parallelogram.
- the light source of the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment is not limited to the ArF excimer laser, but is a KrF excimer laser (output wavelength 248 nm), F 2 laser (output wavelength 157 nm), Ar 2 laser (output wavelength 126 nm), Kr 2 laser ( It is also possible to use a pulse laser light source with an output wavelength of 146 nm, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp that emits a bright line such as g-line (wavelength 436 nm), i-line (wavelength 365 nm), and the like. A harmonic generator of a YAG laser or the like can also be used. In addition, as disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No.
- a single wavelength laser beam in an infrared region or a visible region oscillated from a DFB semiconductor laser or a fiber laser is used as vacuum ultraviolet light.
- a harmonic that is amplified by a fiber amplifier doped with erbium (or both erbium and ytterbium) and wavelength-converted into ultraviolet light using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- the illumination light IL of the exposure apparatus is not limited to light having a wavelength of 100 nm or more, and light having a wavelength of less than 100 nm may be used.
- EUV Extreme Ultraviolet
- a soft X-ray region for example, a wavelength region of 5 to 15 nm
- the exposure wavelength Development of an EUV exposure apparatus using an all-reflection reduction optical system designed under for example, 13.5 nm
- the present invention can be applied to an exposure apparatus using a charged particle beam such as an electron beam or an ion beam.
- a light transmission mask in which a predetermined light-shielding pattern (or phase pattern / dimming pattern) is formed on a light-transmitting substrate is used.
- a light transmission mask (reticle) in which a predetermined light-shielding pattern (or phase pattern / dimming pattern) is formed on a light-transmitting substrate is used.
- an electronic mask variable shaping mask, which forms a transmission pattern, a reflection pattern, or a light emission pattern based on electronic data of a pattern to be exposed, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,778,257.
- an active mask or an image generator for example, a DMD (Digital Micro-mirror Device) which is a kind of non-light emitting image display element (spatial light modulator) may be used.
- DMD Digital Micro-mirror Device
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus (lithography system) that forms line and space patterns on a wafer by forming interference fringes on the wafer, for example.
- an exposure apparatus lithography system
- two reticle patterns are synthesized on a wafer via a projection optical system, and one scan exposure is performed on one wafer.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that performs double exposure of shot areas almost simultaneously.
- the object on which the pattern is to be formed in the above embodiment is not limited to the wafer, but other objects such as a glass plate, a ceramic substrate, a film member, or a mask blank. But it ’s okay.
- the use of the exposure apparatus is not limited to the exposure apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing.
- an exposure apparatus for liquid crystal that transfers a liquid crystal display element pattern onto a square glass plate, an organic EL, a thin film magnetic head, an image sensor ( CCDs, etc.), micromachines, DNA chips and the like can also be widely applied to exposure apparatuses.
- CCDs, etc. image sensor
- micromachines DNA chips and the like
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern.
- An electronic device such as a semiconductor element includes a step of designing a function / performance of the device, a step of manufacturing a reticle based on the design step, a step of manufacturing a wafer from a silicon material, and the exposure apparatus (pattern forming apparatus) of the above-described embodiment.
- a lithography step for transferring a mask (reticle) pattern onto a wafer, a development step for developing the exposed wafer, an etching step for removing exposed members other than the portion where the resist remains by etching, and etching is completed. It is manufactured through a resist removal step for removing unnecessary resist, a device assembly step (including a dicing process, a bonding process, and a package process), an inspection step, and the like.
- the exposure method described above is executed using the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment, and a device pattern is formed on the wafer. Therefore, a highly integrated device can be manufactured with high productivity.
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Abstract
Description
CY1=-(pY1-X)sinθz+(qY1-Y)cosθz, …(1b)
CY2=-(pY2-X)sinθz+(qY2-Y)cosθz. …(1c)
ただし、(pX,qX),(pY1,qY1),(pY2,qY2)は、それぞれXヘッド66,Yヘッド65(又は68),Yヘッド64(又は67)のX,Y設置位置(より正確には計測ビームの照射点のX,Y位置)である。そこで、主制御装置20は、3つのヘッドの計測値CX,CY1,CY2を連立方程式(1a)~(1c)に代入し、それらを解くことにより、ウエハステージWSTのXY平面内での位置(X,Y,θz)を算出する。この算出結果に基づいて、ウエハステージWSTを駆動制御する。
ただし、簡単のため、qY1=qY2を仮定した。
Z2=-tanθy・p2+tanθx・q2+Z0. …(3b)
ただし、スケール表面を含めウエハテーブルWTBの上面は、理想的な平面だとする。なお、(p1,q1),(p2,q2)は、それぞれZヘッド76j,74iのX,Y設置位置(より正確には計測ビームの照射点のX,Y位置)である。式(3a)、(3b)より、次式(4a)、(4b)が導かれる。
tanθy=〔Z1-Z2-tanθx・(q1-q2)〕/(p1-p2).…(4b)
従って、主制御装置20は、Zヘッド76j,74iの計測値Z1,Z2を用いて、式(4a)、(4b)より、ウエハステージWSTの高さZ0とローリングθyを算出する。ただし、ピッチングθxは、別のセンサシステム(本実施形態では干渉計システム118)の計測結果を用いる。
tanθy=-(Za+Zb-Zc-Zd)/(pa+pb-pc-pd).…(5b)
ここで、(pa,qa),(pb,qb),(pc,qc),(pd,qd)はそれぞれZヘッド72a~72dのX,Y設置位置(より正確には計測ビームの照射点のX,Y位置)である。ただし、pa=pb,pc=pd,qa=qc,qb=qd,(pa+pc)/2=(pb+pd)/2=Ox’,(qa+qb)/2=(qc+qd)/2=Oy’とする。なお、先と同様に、ピッチングθxは、別のセンサシステム(本実施形態では干渉計システム118)の計測結果を用いる。
Claims (19)
- エネルギビームを照射して物体上にパターンを形成する露光装置であって、
物体を保持してベース上を移動する移動体と、
前記移動体に設けられた可動子と該可動子に対向して前記ベースに設けられた固定子とを用いて、前記移動体に前記ベースの上面に交差する第1方向及び前記上面に沿う第2方向の駆動力を発生する平面モータと、
前記移動体の少なくとも前記第2方向に関する位置を計測する第1位置計測系と、
前記第1位置計測系の計測結果を用いて前記平面モータを制御して前記移動体を少なくとも前記第2方向に駆動するとともに、前記移動体の駆動に異常を検知した場合に前記平面モータを制御して前記移動体に該移動体から前記ベースの上面への前記第1方向の駆動力を発する制御系と、
を備える露光装置。 - 前記制御系は、前記第1位置計測系の計測結果が途絶えた場合に、前記移動体の駆動に異常を検知する、請求項1に記載の露光装置。
- 前記制御系は、前記第1位置計測系の計測結果を用いて前記平面モータに対して前記移動体の駆動目標を定めることで前記移動体を駆動し、前記駆動目標が異常を示した場合に前記移動体の駆動に異常を検知する、請求項1又は2に記載の露光装置。
- 前記移動体と前記ベースとの離間距離を計測する第2位置計測系をさらに備え、
前記制御系は、前記第2位置計測系の計測結果より前記移動体の駆動に異常を検知した場合に、前記平面モータを制御して前記移動体に該移動体から前記ベースの上面への前記第1方向の駆動力を発する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。 - 前記制御系は、前記第2位置計測系の計測結果より前記離間距離が閾距離を超えた場合に、前記移動体の駆動に異常を検知する、請求項4に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第2位置計測系は、前記ベース上に配置されたセンサを用いて前記離間距離を計測する、請求項4又は5に記載の露光装置。
- 前記センサは、前記可動子が発生する磁界強度を検出する、請求項6に記載の露光装置。
- 前記可動子は、複数のブロックを有し、
前記制御系は、前記複数のブロックのうち前記移動体の進行方向に対して後方に位置するブロックに対して、前記離間方向の駆動力を発する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。 - 前記第1位置計測系は、前記移動体と前記移動体外との一方に設けられた複数のヘッドを用いて、前記移動体と前記移動体外との他方に設けられた計測面に計測光を照射することで、前記移動体の位置を計測する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記移動体の底面と前記ベースの上面との少なくとも一方は、高摺動性材によりカバーされている、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- ベース部材と、
前記ベース部材上で2次元移動可能な移動体と、
前記ベース部材に設けられた固定子と、前記移動体に設けられた可動子と、を有する磁気浮上方式の平面モータと、
前記移動体が前記2次元内を移動する間に前記移動体が前記2次元を含む面と直交する方向に離れることを抑制するために、前記平面モータによって、前記移動体から前記ベース部材に向かう駆動力を発生させる制御装置と、
を備える移動体装置。 - 前記平面モータの駆動力は、前記移動体と前記ベース部材との間に作用する請求項11に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記平面モータの駆動力が前記移動体に作用する位置は、前記2次元を含む面と交差する方向に関する前記移動体の重心の位置よりも下方にある請求項12に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記移動体を前記ベース部材に対して前記2次元を含む面と交差する方向に変位させる力によって、前記移動体が前記2次元内を移動する際にピッチングが生じる請求項11又は12に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記移動体が前記2次元内を移動する際の該移動体の加減速に関する情報を用いて前記平面モータを制御し、前記移動体から前記ベース部材に向かう駆動力を発生させる請求項11に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記移動体が前記2次元内を移動する際の前記移動体と前記ベース部材との間の距離に関する情報を用いて前記平面モータを制御し、前記移動体から前記ベース部材に向かう駆動力を発生させる請求項11に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記平面モータの位置制御の異常が検知されたときに、前記平面モータを制御し、前記移動体から前記ベース部材に向かう駆動力を発生させる請求項12に記載の移動体装置。
- 請求項11の移動体装置を有する露光装置。
- 請求項18の露光装置を用いたデバイス製造方法。
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JP2014548607A JP6252869B2 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | 露光装置、移動体装置、及びデバイス製造方法 |
EP13856886.0A EP2947679A4 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Exposure device, mobile device, and device manufacturing method |
CN201380070733.6A CN104937696B (zh) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | 曝光装置、移动体装置以及器件制造方法 |
US14/646,160 US9798252B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Exposure apparatus, movable body apparatus, and device manufacturing method |
HK16103227.1A HK1215330A1 (zh) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-03-21 | 曝光裝置、移動體裝置以及器件製造方法 |
US15/724,639 US10185229B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2017-10-04 | Exposure apparatus, movable body apparatus, and device manufacturing method |
US16/220,562 US20190113854A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2018-12-14 | Exposure apparatus, movable body apparatus, and device manufacturing method |
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US20180046093A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
CN109976103A (zh) | 2019-07-05 |
US20160033883A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
JPWO2014080957A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
HK1215330A1 (zh) | 2016-08-19 |
US20190113854A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
CN104937696A (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
US10185229B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
EP2947679A4 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
KR20150087296A (ko) | 2015-07-29 |
US9798252B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
EP2947679A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
CN104937696B (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
JP6573136B2 (ja) | 2019-09-11 |
JP6252869B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
JP2018060215A (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
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