Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
  • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
  • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
  • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
  • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
  • E04C2002/048—Bent wire anchors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a trained as precast concrete wall element for the construction of a building. It further relates to a construction made using such wall elements, in particular an operating or plant building of a nuclear power plant.
• Safety-related buildings of nuclear facilities such as those buildings that house the emergency generators, have so far been almost exclusively designed as a local concrete construction. Due to the very high load level, the prefabricated construction method tested in ordinary residential construction has so far not been used in the nuclear sector.
• a wall element of the type mentioned was disclosed, which can be in a simple way with other such wall elements to a building, especially a building or complex of buildings, put together and connect that not is designed for normal operating loads, but also withstands unlikely extreme loads - individually or in combination - such as flooding, earthquakes, continuous rain, ice loads, wind loads, hurricanes, extreme ambient temperatures, impact of projectiles, plane crashes, etc.
• wall module - designed as a precast concrete wall element - there called wall module - provided for the construction of a building with a wall body, with a plurality of in their entirety a regular reinforcing grid forming, preferably each parallel to the edges of the wall body extending reinforcing bars which are cast into the wall body wherein at least some of the reinforcing bars penetrate the wall body substantially edge-to-edge, respectively, and are provided at their ends with connecting elements adapted to make a connection with complementary connecting elements of an immediately adjacent transition element.
• the respective connecting element - at least in the dissolved, not connected to a complementary connecting element state - so playfully connected or movably connected to the associated reinforcing rod that it is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing rod level on all sides by at least 2 millimeters relative to a planned central position ,
• a wall element in which the wall body in the manner of a sandwich construction an outer shell, a Inner shell and an intermediate core filling has, the outer shell and the inner shell via reinforcing elements shear and tensile strength are connected to each other.
• this basic concept of the sandwich construction was not specified there in detail with regard to possible embodiments.
• the present invention begins, whose task is to further develop the wall elements described in the above-mentioned application. It is a modular prefabricated solid reinforced concrete construction of reinforced concrete slabs and joints joints arise, which removes the high load level among the various load cases mentioned above after connecting the individual elements as a monolithic unit. In particular, it is intended to create a reinforcing structure for the reinforced concrete slabs and for the joint joints that can be erected with acceptable effort and designed for the stated requirements. In addition, the existing when juxtaposing the wall elements and with cast-in-situ or other filling material - for example mortar - to be potted joints have the lowest possible volume, so that on site only little in situ concrete and formwork material is needed.
• FIG. 1 a wall element manufactured in sandwich construction with an inner shell, an outer shell and a core filling in a perspective view
• FIG. 2 the construction of the reinforcement of the inner shell of the wall element in an intermediate stage during production in a perspective view
• FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through the wall element, FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 3,
• FIG. 5 shows the structure of the reinforcement of the inner shell of the wall element before pouring the concrete mass surrounding the reinforcement in a perspective view
• FIG. 6 the inner shell of the wall element after casting the concrete mass in a perspective view
• FIG. 7 the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell of the
• FIG. 8 the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell of the
• FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the connection between the inner shell and the outer shell of the wall element.
• FIG. 10 from top to bottom different intermediate stages in the connection of two juxtaposed wall elements in each perspective view
• FIG. 1 another intermediate stage in the connection of two juxtaposed wall elements, namely the casting of the vertical butt joint between the two wall elements
• FIG. 12 is a detail of FIG. 2 shown reinforcement in lateral plan view
• FIG. 13 is a detail of the joint reinforcement in the vertical butt joint of two side-by-side wall elements in a perspective view
• FIG. 14 shows a cross section through the connecting region of two superimposed wall elements
• FIG. 15 is a longitudinal section through the connecting region of two superimposed wall elements.
• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a sandwich-type cuboid wall element 2, for example for use in a nuclear power plant building.
• the intended for arrangement in a side wall of a building and usually a complete floor height forming wall element 2 has a constructed as a reinforced concrete structure inner shell 4, a corresponding outer shell 6 and an intermediate core filling 8, for example, heavy concrete, on.
• the inner shell 4 and the outer shell 6 are each approximately mirror images of each other in an otherwise similar manner, as will be described in more detail below.
• a plurality of connecting elements 10 for the formation of screw to the overlying wall element (not visible here) out.
• FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of the inner shell 4 of the wall element 2, in a sense in a first phase in the construction of the inner reinforcement cage, before the casting of the concrete.
• the wall element next to it on the right side, as well as the partially potted gap, are indispensable for a while (they are available for image generation with the aid of a CAD program, whereby individual layers have been selectively masked out of the complete construction).
• the outer shell 6 is constructed as already mentioned analogous to the inner shell 4.
• the main reinforcement 18, which is also referred to as a bending reinforcement and designed to receive and transmit tensile forces in combination with the wall elements 2, comprises a rectangular grid of horizontal reinforcing bars 20 (in FIG. 2 only the lowermost two are shown) and in the plane of extent of the wall element 2 vertical reinforcing bars 22, which touch each other at the crossing points where they are braided with wire, for example, and thus fixed against each other.
• the horizontal and thus parallel to the upper and lower edge edge of the wall element 2 aligned reinforcing bars 20 are arranged equidistant from each other, as well as the vertically and thus aligned parallel to the side edges of the wall element 2 reinforcing bars 22.
• the bar diameter is in both cases - horizontal and vertical - preferred around 30 to 35 mm.
• the distance between the longitudinal axes of the reinforcing bars 20, 22 is in both cases preferably about 200 mm (square grid).
• Two vertically successive horizontal reinforcing bars 22, each provided with a screw thread in the horizontal direction, are screwed into associated receptacles of a connecting piece 24, alternatively welded therein.
• an intermediate central receptacle of the connecting piece 24 is an upwardly projecting from the grid composite, also provided with an external thread connecting bolt 26 is screwed.
• a retaining plate 28 provided with a central recess can be pushed from above and a nut 30 screwed on above it.
• a steel box 32 (box), composed of four welded steel plates welded together or alternatively cast in one piece, rectangular in cross-section and fitted between and fitting the two vertical reinforcing bars 22 the outside welded, alternatively screwed.
• the arrangement of the connecting pieces 24 and the boxes 32 is selected so that they conclude flush with the upper or lower edge of the inner shell 4 in the subsequent casting of the concrete mass, so that only the upper part of the connecting bolt 26 protrudes above.
• the boxes 32 are embedded in the concrete such that the cuboid interior of the respective box 32 and a substantially cuboid mounting space remains immediately above free.
• the thus formed in each case, coherent cavity is accessible on the one hand from below via the remaining free lower box opening as well as from the front side 12 via the likewise remaining free engagement opening 14 (see also FIG. 1).
• a total of a system of connecting elements 10 is formed, with the help of which can be screwed in the later assembly of the building superimposed wall elements 2.
• the upper wall element 2 is placed on the underlying wall element 2 such that the upper ends of the connecting bolts 26 of the lower wall element 2 respectively pass through the associated boxes 32 of the counterpart.
• the holding plates 28, which laterally overlap the boxes 32 at their upper edges, are pushed onto the ends of the connecting bolts 26 by the engaging openings 14 in the front side 14 of the inner shell 4 (and analogously in the outer shell 6) secured by screwing and tightening the nuts 30 / clamped.
• the holding plates 28 take on the function of washers so to speak.
• the cross-section of the boxes 32 is selected so that the respective connecting bolt 26 therein has a few millimeters of play during assembly in all directions so as to compensate for any dimensional inaccuracies in the subsequent assembly on the construction site.
• FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 Although the sake of clarity, the holding plates 28 and the nuts 30 are shown in their final assembly position on the connecting bolt 26, but that they are in fact attached and screwed there only after the erection of the walls and the joining of the respective connection partners.
• the main reinforcement 18 is still a surface reinforcement 34, also in the form of intersecting, lattice-like arranged reinforcing bars 36, 38 with a diameter of about 100 mm and with the same mesh size as the main grid available (square grid with a bar spacing of about 200 mm)
• the grid of the surface reinforcement 34 formed from the horizontal reinforcing bars 36 and the vertical reinforcing bars 38 is arranged parallel to the grid of the main reinforcement 18, at a distance in the direction of the (here rear) front side 14 of the inner shell 4.
• the crossing points of both reinforcing grid preferably offset by half a mesh length against each other.
• the points of intersection of the surface reinforcement 34 thus lie in the center of the meshes of the main reinforcement 18 and vice versa (see also FIG. 12).
• the individual U-brackets 16 have two legs 40 extending horizontally and parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the later wall element 2, said legs 40 being arranged in the intermediate space between the main reinforcement 18 and the surface reinforcement. 34 and preferably the vertical reinforcing bars 22 of the main reinforcement 18 touch (at the contact points are braided together with wire), on the side on which the horizontal reinforcing bars 20 are arranged.
• the one leg 40 of the respective U-bracket 16 lies above the associated horizontal reinforcing bar 20 of the main reinforcement 18, the other below.
• each of the horizontal reinforcing bars 20 of the main reinforcement 18 is located midway between the two legs 40 of a coplanar U-bar 16 (see also FIG. 12).
• the located within the inner shell 4 sections of the legs 40 are held comparatively long and extend here in the example over more than four meshes of the main reinforcement 18, so over more than 800 to 1, 000 mm.
• the outwardly projecting portions have seen in the horizontal direction including the end-side arc 42 each have a length of preferably about 400 mm.
• the bow end 48 of these U-brackets 44 projects perpendicularly from the rear side 50 opposite the front side 14 and protrudes at least 200 mm in the subsequent core filling 8 inside.
• the respective U-bracket 44 engages / engages behind the bend or bend or bending point 52 one of the vertical reinforcing bars 22 of the main reinforcement 18 and touches it there.
• FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 represent a corresponding longitudinal section through the later wall element 2.
• at least some stitches, preferably most stitches, preferably each stitch of the main reinforcement 18 associated with such a U-bracket 44 is in FIG. 5, showing the complete structure of the reinforcement Composite of the inner shell 4 just before concreting shows.
• FIG. 6 the state after concreting is shown.
• the U-brackets 44 are arranged in rows, wherein the O-shaped openings 54 or loops of a row are in alignment in the horizontal direction. Seen in the vertical direction, several of these rows are arranged one above the other over the entire height of the wall element 2, evenly distributed (only two rows are shown here for the sake of simplicity). In each of these rows two reinforcing rods 56 are inserted, which extend over the entire width of the wall member 2 and are aligned horizontally according to the bracket assembly.
• the one reinforcing bar 56 is oriented in accordance with the free space provided by the O-shaped openings 54 of the bracket arrangement to the inner shell 4, the other to the outer shell 6 out.
• the reinforcing bars 56 touch the corresponding arcs of the U-bracket 44 from the inside in their vertices.
• the core filling 8 is poured.
• the core filling 8 can be made of heavy concrete, taking into account any predetermined requirements for the shielding effect against radioactive radiation.
• the heavy concrete core filling is also used for load transfer of the loads (namely, pressure loads in the element composite).
• the concrete surfaces exceeding the experienced a connection have a grain scaffold released surface.
• Concrete is a mineral building material and can be considered as artificial rock. It consists of a mixture of cement, aggregate and water. As a supplement mainly sand, gravel and grit are used. It is introduced into the forming formwork shortly before installation.
• Natural aggregates such as gravel from deposits or crushed rock (gravel, grit) are mainly used as aggregates for normal concrete. The addition significantly determines the processability and strength of the concrete. By a suitable grading of different aggregate sizes a dense packing of grains with few cavities in which the cement paste is sought. The dense packing allows the load transfer in the concrete through the grain stand.
• FIG. 1 illustrated composite of outer shell 6, core filling 8 and inner shell 4 as a monolithic object.
• the inner shells 4 and the outer shells 6 have a wall thickness S of preferably at least 240 mm.
• the thickness T of the core filling is variable. For example, it can vary between 200 and around 550 mm. Accordingly, the wall element 2 has a total thickness D in the range of about 700 mm to 1, 000 mm or slightly more. See also the plan view of the wall element 2 according to FIG. 9, in which the core filling 8 is not yet available.
• FIG. 10 are shown from top to bottom the various steps in assembling and connecting two adjacent wall elements 2 on the construction site.
• the two wall elements 2 are brought into the desired position relative to each other, in which the peripheral U-bracket 16 of the inner shell 4 on the one hand and the outer shell 6 on the other hand overlap in pairs and touch.
• the bow of the respective bracket 16 thereby touches the shell edge of the adjacent wall element 2.
• the bracket sections protruding from the concrete mass pass through the vertically extending butt joint 58 between the two wall elements 2 completely over their width.
• lockable brackets 60 or rails of steel are slid over the paired U-brackets 16.
• the brackets 60 form in the final assembly state in each case a closed rectangular frame whose longitudinal struts 64 horizontally and perpendicular to the lattice plane of the main reinforcement 18 (and thus also perpendicular to the U-brackets 16) are aligned, and the transverse struts 66 are vertically aligned.
• the rectangular frame surrounds / embraces the two associated with him, lying at the same level bracket pairs of inner shells 4 and the outer shells 6 of two juxtaposed wall elements 2 and touches them from the outside.
• the thus reinforced, advantageously not significantly more than 400 mm wide vertical joint 58 is cast with concrete, preferably with fine-grained concrete of comparable quality as the concrete of the inner shells 4 and outer shells 6 of the wall elements 2 (concrete quality C 50/60 or better ).
• An intermediate stage in the casting process is shown schematically in FIG. 1 1 represents.
• the horizontal joint 68 (storage joint) between two wall elements 2, which - by flat spacers 70 spaced from each other - are placed one above the other, is about 50 mm high and is after setting up the walls with a high-quality grouting mortar shed.
• the openings for the screw connection of the connecting elements 10 are also cast for the final state.
• All wall elements 2 are immovably connected to each other in the manner described and form as a whole a shear-resistant construction, which has the advantageous properties of a monolithic plate-disc element.
• the power transmission between the individual components is ensured by specifically designed connections and connections (tensile and shear-resistant connections).
• wall elements are possible, for example, to allow ceiling connections, T-joints between outer and inner walls, corner joints, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=49448116

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2012
  • 2012-10-22 DE DE102012219209.3A patent/DE102012219209A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2013
  • 2013-10-09 JP JP2015537194A patent/JP6218843B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-10-09 HU HUE13779769A patent/HUE030735T2/en unknown
  • 2013-10-09 EP EP13779769.2A patent/EP2912238B1/de active Active
  • 2013-10-09 WO PCT/EP2013/071048 patent/WO2014063919A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2013-10-09 CN CN201380055301.8A patent/CN104736781B/zh active Active

Patent Citations (8)

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