WO2014054435A1 - 高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステル含有組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステル含有組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014054435A1 WO2014054435A1 PCT/JP2013/075454 JP2013075454W WO2014054435A1 WO 2014054435 A1 WO2014054435 A1 WO 2014054435A1 JP 2013075454 W JP2013075454 W JP 2013075454W WO 2014054435 A1 WO2014054435 A1 WO 2014054435A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/52—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C67/54—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/58—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/002—Sources of fatty acids, e.g. natural glycerides, characterised by the nature, the quantities or the distribution of said acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/005—Splitting up mixtures of fatty acids into their constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/007—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids using organic solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/08—Refining
- C11C1/10—Refining by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester-containing composition.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have recently been found to have pharmacological effects and are used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals and health foods. Since these polyunsaturated fatty acids have a plurality of double bonds, it is not easy to obtain them by chemical synthesis. Therefore, most of the highly unsaturated fatty acids used industrially are produced by extraction or purification from raw materials derived from marine organisms rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as fish oil.
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- the biological raw material is a mixture of various fatty acids having different numbers of carbon atoms, the number and position of double bonds, and the constitutional ratio of stereoisomers, the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids is not necessarily high. Therefore, conventionally, it has been demanded to selectively purify a desired highly unsaturated fatty acid from a biological material.
- Patent Document 1 when a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid or an alkyl ester thereof is treated by a thin film distillation method, a supercritical gas extraction method, and a urea addition method, a supercritical gas extraction method is performed after the thin film distillation method. For the purification of highly unsaturated fatty acids or their alkyl esters.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a high-purity eicosapentaene by subjecting a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid such as EPA to vacuum precision distillation, and mixing the obtained fraction containing EPA and its lower alcohol ester with an aqueous silver nitrate solution.
- a method for purifying an acid or its lower alcohol ester is described. It is described that the conditions for the vacuum precision distillation are a pressure of 5 mmHg (665 Pa) or less, preferably 1 mmHg (133 Pa) or less, and 215 ° C. or less, preferably 210 ° C. or less.
- Patent Document 3 produces eicosapentaenoic acid or an ester thereof having a concentration of 80% or more by stepwise distillation of a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid or an alkyl ester thereof using a distillation column having three or more stages. How to do is described. It is described that the distillation conditions are 10 Torr (1330 Pa) or less, preferably 0.1 Torr (13.3 Pa) or less, 210 ° C. or less, preferably 195 ° C. or less.
- polyunsaturated fatty acids there are cis and trans isomers. Most of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the living body are cis, but may be converted from the cis form to the trans form by heating or the like at the stage of purification from the biological material (Non-patent Document 1). Thus, conventionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids industrially purified from biological materials contain a certain amount of trans isomers. However, trans fatty acids have been reported to increase health risks, particularly LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the United States and Canada, labeling of trans fatty acid content is required for food.
- JP-A-10-95744 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-242895 Japanese Patent No. 3005638
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies with the object of providing a composition containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid at a high concentration and having a low trans isomer content of the highly unsaturated fatty acid.
- the present inventors treated the alkyl ester of a highly unsaturated fatty acid with an aqueous solution containing a silver salt, and then vacuum-distilled to produce a trans isomer in the purification process of the highly unsaturated fatty acid. It has been found that it is possible to obtain a composition containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester in a high concentration but having a very low trans isomer content.
- the present invention is a method for producing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester-containing composition
- a method for producing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester-containing composition comprising: (1) recovering an aqueous phase after bringing a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester into contact with an aqueous solution containing a silver salt; (2) recovering the organic solvent phase after adding the organic solvent to the aqueous phase; and (3) vacuum-distilling the organic solvent phase at a temperature of 170 to 190 ° C. and a column top vacuum of 1 Pa or less. Recovering a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester from the organic solvent phase;
- a method comprising:
- a composition containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester such as EPA or DHA at a high concentration can be obtained.
- the composition contains almost no trans fatty acid and is useful as a highly unsaturated fatty acid raw material for producing pharmaceuticals and health foods.
- eicosapentaenoic acid EPA
- arachidonic acid AA
- eicosatetra may be used as the target polyunsaturated fatty acid to be contained in the composition.
- examples include enoic acid (ETA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). DHA and EPA are preferred, and EPA is more preferred.
- alkyl group constituting the alkyl ester of the highly unsaturated fatty acid examples include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably ethyl. It is a group.
- the raw material of the polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester-containing composition is fats and oils containing the desired polyunsaturated fatty acid.
- the raw material include marine animals such as fish, oils and fats derived from plankton, and oils and fats derived from microorganisms such as algae. Among them, oils and fats derived from fishes such as sardines and yellowtails, and oils and fats derived from algae are preferable.
- the raw material is preferably an oil containing 40% by mass or more of the target highly unsaturated fatty acid in the total fatty acid contained.
- the content is a value in terms of free fatty acid.
- the target polyunsaturated fatty acid may be present in the raw material in the form of a free fatty acid, or may be present in the form of a fatty acid chain of mono-, di- or triglycerides.
- the concentration of the target highly unsaturated fatty acid is 95% by mass or more.
- the composition of 96% by mass or more, more preferably 98% by mass or more can be obtained efficiently.
- the ratio of the trans isomer in the target highly unsaturated fatty acid is preferably less than 3% by mass, and preferably 2% by mass. More preferably, it is less.
- the ratio of the trans isomer in the target highly unsaturated fatty acid is finally obtained. Of less than 1% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass, can be obtained efficiently.
- the target highly unsaturated fatty acid in the raw material is alkylesterified.
- Alkyl esterification can suppress the trans isomerization of a highly unsaturated fatty acid in the production process of the composition of the present invention.
- the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester can be produced by esterifying a fat and oil containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid and an acid having a desired alkyl group by a known method.
- an alkyl esterified product of a highly unsaturated fatty acid can be easily obtained by saponifying an oil containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride. The higher the degree of alkyl esterification, the better.
- the total amount of the desired polyunsaturated fatty acid (including free form) contained in the raw material is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. It is good to be.
- Commercially available fats and oils may be used as fats and oils containing the above highly unsaturated fatty acids and alkyl esters thereof. From the viewpoint of obtaining a high content of the highly unsaturated fatty acid and the alkyl ester thereof aimed at in the present invention described above, commercially available oils and fats derived from fish oil in which the type and amount of the highly unsaturated fatty acid contained are standardized, etc. Is preferably used.
- the raw material is preferably applied in a liquid form.
- the raw material can be applied to each step of the present invention as it is.
- the raw material can be applied by appropriately dissolving or diluting in an organic solvent or other oil.
- an organic solvent separable from water is used, and examples thereof include ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, hexane and the like.
- the method for producing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester-containing composition of the present invention is characterized by the following: (1) recovering an aqueous phase after bringing a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester into contact with an aqueous solution containing a silver salt; (2) recovering the organic solvent phase after adding the organic solvent to the aqueous phase; and (3) recovering the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester from the organic solvent phase by vacuum distillation of the organic solvent phase. thing.
- the production steps (1) and (2) of the present invention are purification techniques utilizing the fact that the solubility in the extraction solvent is changed by the silver salt forming a complex at the double bond portion of the highly unsaturated fatty acid.
- This is a process for separating and purifying highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters. More specifically, polyunsaturated fatty acids having 20 or more carbon atoms, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or docosapentaene
- the alkyl ester of acid (DPA) can be separated and purified efficiently.
- Step (1) of the production method of the present invention is a step of recovering the aqueous phase after contacting a raw material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester with an aqueous solution containing a silver salt.
- This step can be performed according to the methods described in Japanese Patent No. 2786748, Japanese Patent No. 2895258, Japanese Patent No. 2935555, Japanese Patent No. 3001954, and the like.
- an aqueous solution containing a silver salt is added to the raw material containing the target polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester described above, and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes to 4 hours, preferably about 10 minutes to 2 hours.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature at this time is the temperature at which the product of the step (1) becomes completely liquid, for example, about 80 ° C. or lower, while the lower limit is preferably 5 ° C. or higher. More preferably, the reaction temperature is around room temperature (20 to 30 ° C.).
- the reaction produces a silver-polyunsaturated fatty acid complex. Since the complex is dissolved in the phase of the aqueous solution, the target polyunsaturated fatty acid can be selectively recovered by recovering the aqueous phase from the solution.
- the silver salt is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex with an unsaturated bond of a highly unsaturated fatty acid, but silver nitrate, silver perchlorate, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver acetate, etc. can be used. . Of these, silver nitrate is preferred.
- the solvent for the aqueous solution include water or a mixed medium of water and a compound having a hydroxyl group such as glycerin or ethylene glycol, but water is preferably used.
- the silver salt concentration in the aqueous solution may be 0.1 mol / L or more, preferably about 1 to 20 mol / L.
- the molar ratio of the highly unsaturated fatty acid to the silver salt is about 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably about 1: 5 to 1: 1.
- step (2) of the production method of the present invention an organic solvent is added to the aqueous phase recovered in step (1), and the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester in the aqueous phase is extracted into the organic solvent phase.
- Organic solvents added to the aqueous phase include hexane, ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, chloroform, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and other solvents that are highly soluble in highly unsaturated fatty acids and can be separated from water.
- the solution (reaction solution) to which the organic solvent has been added is heated to a temperature higher than the reaction temperature in the above step (1), that is, the formation temperature of the silver-highly unsaturated fatty acid complex. More preferably, the reaction temperature is higher by 20 ° C. than the reaction temperature in step (1), that is, the formation temperature of the complex.
- the temperature of the reaction solution in step (2) is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably about 50 to 80 ° C.
- the time for the extraction reaction of the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester into the organic solvent phase is 10 minutes to 6 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours, and the solution is preferably stirred during the reaction.
- the aqueous phase is then removed and the organic solvent phase containing the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester is recovered.
- remaining silver ions may be further removed by passing the recovered organic solvent phase through an adsorbent such as silica gel, activated carbon, or silicon dioxide.
- Step (3) of the production method of the present invention is a step of recovering the desired highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester by vacuum distillation of the organic solvent phase obtained in step (2). More specifically, the target highly unsaturated fatty acid ester is selectively recovered from the organic solvent phase containing the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester obtained in the step (2) by the difference in boiling points.
- a vacuum distillation apparatus using a known method such as a filling method, a spring method, a shelf method, or the like may be used, or a continuous distillation method may be employed.
- the conditions for vacuum distillation are set to a lower pressure and temperature as compared with the conventional vacuum distillation method. That is, in the method of the present invention, the vacuum distillation conditions in step (3) are such that the top vacuum degree of the distiller is 1 Pa or less, preferably 0.5 Pa or less, and the distillation temperature is 170 to 190 ° C., preferably 180 ⁇ 185 ° C. When the column top vacuum exceeds 1 Pa, a trans isomer of a highly unsaturated fatty acid is easily generated.
- the distillation temperature in this step is expressed as the temperature of the organic solvent phase containing the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester.
- the fraction containing the highly unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester obtained in the vacuum distillation step may be refluxed and again subjected to vacuum distillation under the above conditions.
- step (3) is performed prior to step (1) or (2), it will be difficult to obtain a composition containing the desired highly unsaturated fatty acid, or the desired highly unsaturated fatty acid.
- a composition with a high content of but also a high ratio of trans isomers is performed prior to step (1) or (2).
- Example 1 Raw material: 1000 kg of an absolute ethanol solution in which 50 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved was added to 1 kg of sardine oil, mixed and stirred at 70 to 80 ° C. for 1 hour, further mixed with 500 mL of water, and allowed to stand for 1 hour. The separated aqueous phase was removed, and the oil phase was washed with water several times to neutralize the washing solution, thereby obtaining 820 g of ethyl esterified sardine oil. As shown in Table 1, the composition of the sardine oil is as follows.
- Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA 44.09% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) 1.52%, arachidonic acid (AA) 1.77% and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 6.92%.
- the trans isomer ratio in EPA was 1.23%.
- Step (1) 160 mL of n-hexane was added to 300 g of the ethyl esterified sardine oil prepared above, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and dissolved. To this, 500 mL of an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of silver nitrate was added and stirred at 5 to 30 ° C.
- Step (2) 2000 mL of fresh n-hexane was added to the aqueous phase obtained in Step (1) and stirred well at 50 to 69 ° C., and the fatty acid ethyl ester was extracted into n-hexane.
- the aqueous phase separated after standing was removed, and the n-hexane phase was concentrated.
- the fatty acid ethyl ester crude purified product contained in the n-hexane phase contained EPA 74.54%, ETA 0.32%, AA 0.17%, and DHA 14.87% in the total fatty acids. It was.
- Step (3) The n-hexane phase containing the fatty acid ethyl ester obtained in Step (2) is maintained under the conditions of a column top vacuum of 1 Pa or less and a distillation temperature of 170 to 190 ° C. using a packed tower type precision distillation machine. Then, vacuum distillation was performed to obtain a highly purified EPA ethyl ester-containing composition in a yield of about 60%. As shown in Table 1, the EPA ethyl ester-containing composition contained 98.25% EPA, 0.43% ETA, 0.21% AA, and 0.05% DHA in the total fatty acids. The trans isomer ratio in EPA was 0.45%. The yield of EPA in this example in which the steps were performed in the order of (1), (2), and (3) was about 53%.
- Example 2 Except that the step (3) was carried out while maintaining the distillation temperature of 180 to 185 ° C., the steps (1), (2) and (3) were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the EPA ethyl ester-containing composition The product was obtained in about 58% yield. As shown in Table 1, this EPA ethyl ester-containing composition contained EPA 98.29%, ETA 0.40%, AA 0.32%, and DHA 0.05% in the total fatty acids. Moreover, the trans isomer ratio in EPA was 0.28%, and there were very few trans isomers.
- step (3) vacuum distillation (step (3)) of ethyl esterified sardine oil was performed, and then steps (1) and (2) were performed to obtain an EPA ethyl ester-containing composition.
- the conditions for each step were the same as in Example 1.
- this composition contains EPA 95.05%, ETA 0.72%, AA 0.50%, DHA 0.21% in the total fatty acid, and the trans isomer ratio in EPA is 1.55%. Met.
- the yield of EPA in this comparative example in which the steps were performed in the order of (3), (1), and (2) was about 31%, and the EPA yield was greatly reduced as compared with Example 1.
- the distillation temperature is 180 ° C. (Example 3), 190 ° C. (Example 4), 200 ° C. (Comparative Example 3), and the vacuum distillation time is variously changed.
- a highly purified EPA ethyl ester-containing composition was obtained, and the trans isomer ratio of EPA in the composition was determined.
- the results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 1, in Examples 3 to 4 where the distillation temperature was 190 ° C. or less, the trans isomer ratio was less than 1% by mass, but in Comparative Example 3 where the distillation temperature was 200 ° C., the trans isomer was obtained in about 1 hour of distillation. The ratio exceeded 1% by weight.
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Abstract
Description
(1)高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを含有する原料を銀塩を含む水性溶液と接触させた後、水相を回収すること;
(2)該水相に有機溶媒を添加した後、有機溶媒相を回収すること;および
(3)該有機溶媒相を、温度170~190℃、塔頂真空度1Pa以下で真空蒸留して、該有機溶媒相から高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを回収すること、
を含む方法を提供する。
上記高度不飽和脂肪酸やそのアルキルエステルを含有する油脂としては、市販されている油脂類を用いてもよい。前述した本発明で目的とする高度不飽和脂肪酸や、そのアルキルエステルを高含量で得るという観点からは、含有する高度不飽和脂肪酸の種類や量が規格化された市販の魚油由来の油脂類などを用いるのが好ましい。
(1)高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを含有する原料を銀塩を含む水性溶液と接触させた後、水相を回収すること;
(2)該水相に有機溶媒を添加した後、有機溶媒相を回収すること;および
(3)該有機溶媒相を真空蒸留して、該有機溶媒相から高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを回収すること。
測定試料9μLをn-ヘキサン1.5mLに希釈し、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析装置(Type 6890 GC;Agilent Technologies製)を用いて、以下の条件にて各脂肪酸の含有比および異性体の含有比を分析した。結果は、クロマトグラムの面積から換算した質量%として表した。
<カラム条件>
カラム:J&W社製DB-WAX 0.25mm×30m、カラム温度:210℃
He流量:1.0 ml/min、He圧力:134 kPa
<検出条件>
H2流量:30 ml/min、 Air流量:400ml/min
He流量:10 ml/min、DET温度:260℃
目的の高度不飽和脂肪酸中の異性体比は次の式にて求めた。
原料:イワシ油1kgに、水酸化ナトリウム50gを溶解させた無水エタノール溶液1000mLを加え、70~80℃にて1時間混合攪拌後、さらに水500mLを加えてよく混合し、1時間静置した。分離した水相を除去し、油相を数回水洗して洗液を中性にし、エチルエステル化イワシ油820gを得た。
上記イワシ油の組成は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中、エイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)44.09%(質量%、以下同じ)、エイコサテトラエン酸(ETA)1.52%、アラキドン酸(AA)1.77%、ドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)6.92%を含有していた。また、EPA中のトランス異性体比は1.23%であった。
工程(1):上記で調製したエチルエステル化イワシ油300gにn-ヘキサン160mLを加えてよく攪拌混合し、溶解させた。ここに硝酸銀50質量%の水溶液500mLを加え、5~30℃の条件下で攪拌した。静置後に分離したn-ヘキサン相を除去し、水相を回収した。
工程(2):工程(1)で得た水相に新しいn-ヘキサン2000mLを加えて、50~69℃でよく攪拌し、脂肪酸エチルエステルをn-ヘキサンに抽出した。静置後に分離した水相を除去し、n-ヘキサン相を濃縮した。このn-ヘキサン相に含まれていた脂肪酸エチルエステル粗精製物は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中、EPA74.54%、ETA0.32%、AA0.17%、DHA14.87%を含有していた。また、EPA中のトランス異性体比は0.19%であった。
工程(3):工程(2)で得た脂肪酸エチルエステルを含むn-ヘキサン相を、充填塔式精密蒸留機を用いて塔頂真空度1Pa以下、蒸留温度170~190℃の条件を維持しながら真空蒸留を行い、高度精製EPAエチルエステル含有組成物を約60%の収率で得た。このEPAエチルエステル含有組成物は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中、EPA98.25%、ETA0.43%、AA0.21%、DHA0.05%を含有していた。また、EPA中のトランス異性体比は0.45%であった。
工程を(1)、(2)、(3)の順に行った本実施例でのEPAの収率は、約53%であった。
工程(3)を蒸留温度180~185℃の条件を維持しながら行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして工程(1)、(2)、(3)の順に行い、EPAエチルエステル含有組成物を約58%の収率で得た。このEPAエチルエステル含有組成物は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中、EPA98.29%、ETA0.40%、AA0.32%、DHA0.05%を含有していた。また、EPA中のトランス異性体比は0.28%であり、トランス異性体が極めて少なかった。
(比較例1)
工程(3)において、塔頂真空度13.3Pa(0.1Torr)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、EPAエチルエステル含有組成物を得た。この組成物は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中のEPA含有比は97.44%と高かったが、EPA中のトランス異性体比が高値(1.37%)であった。
最初にエチルエステル化イワシ油の真空蒸留(工程(3))を行い、次いで工程(1)および(2)を行って、EPAエチルエステル含有組成物を得た。各工程の条件は、実施例1と同様にした。この組成物は、表1に示すとおり、全脂肪酸中、EPA95.05%、ETA0.72%、AA0.50%、DHA0.21%を含有し、EPA中のトランス異性体比は1.55%であった。工程を(3)、(1)、(2)の順に行った本比較例でのEPAの収率は、約31%であり、実施例1と比較してEPA収率が大きく低下した。
本比較例での真空蒸留の条件を変更(0.5Pa、185~195℃)することによって、組成物における全脂肪酸中のEPAの含有量を98.12%まで上げることができたが、収率はさらに低下し、またEPA中のトランス異性体比が2.01%となり、さらに増加した。
工程(3)において、蒸留温度を180℃(実施例3)、190℃(実施例4)、200℃(比較例3)とし、且つ真空蒸留時間を様々に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、高度精製EPAエチルエステル含有組成物を得、該組成物中のEPAのトランス異性体比を求めた。結果を図1に示す。図1より、蒸留温度190℃以下の実施例3~4では、トランス異性体比は1質量%を下回っていたが、蒸留温度200℃の比較例3では、蒸留時間1時間程度でトランス異性体比が1質量%を超えた。
Claims (10)
- 高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステル含有組成物の製造方法であって:
(1)高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを含有する原料を銀塩を含む水性溶液と接触させた後、水相を回収すること;
(2)該水相に有機溶媒を添加した後、有機溶媒相を回収すること;および
(3)該有機溶媒相を、温度170~190℃、塔頂真空度1Pa以下で真空蒸留して、該有機溶媒相から高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを回収すること、
を含む、方法。 - 前記原料が含有する全脂肪酸中に高度不飽和脂肪酸を40質量%以上含有し、且つ該高度不飽和脂肪酸中のトランス異性体の比率が3質量%未満である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記真空蒸留が塔頂真空度0.5Pa以下の条件で行われる、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記真空蒸留が180~185℃の条件で行われる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(2)において、反応液を、前記工程(1)での反応温度よりも20℃以上高い温度に加温する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記高度不飽和脂肪酸がエイコサペンタエン酸又はドコサヘキサエン酸である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記高度不飽和脂肪酸がエイコサペンタエン酸である、請求項6記載の方法。
- 高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルを全脂肪酸中に95質量%以上含有し、且つ該高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステル中のトランス異性体の比率が1質量%未満である組成物。
- 前記高度不飽和脂肪酸アルキルエステルがエイコサペンタエン酸又はドコサヘキサエン酸のアルキルエステルである、請求項8記載の組成物。
- 前記高度不飽和脂肪酸のアルキルエステルがエイコサペンタエン酸のアルキルエステルである、請求項9記載の組成物。
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