WO2014048502A1 - Verfahren zum bschichten und bonden von substraten - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bschichten und bonden von substraten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014048502A1 WO2014048502A1 PCT/EP2012/069268 EP2012069268W WO2014048502A1 WO 2014048502 A1 WO2014048502 A1 WO 2014048502A1 EP 2012069268 W EP2012069268 W EP 2012069268W WO 2014048502 A1 WO2014048502 A1 WO 2014048502A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- bonding layer
- diffusion bonding
- layer
- diffusion
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of coating a first substrate with a first diffusion bonding layer according to
- the goal of permanent or irreversible bonding of substrates is to create as strong and, in particular, irrevocable connection, ie a high bonding force, between the two contact surfaces of the substrates.
- various approaches and production methods exist in the prior art, in particular the welding of the surfaces at higher temperatures.
- the bonding process must therefore be designed in such a way that bakery-end-of-the-wall structures, usually consisting of electrical conductors and low-k dielectrics already present on the structured wafers, are neither impaired nor damaged during processing.
- the compatibility criteria include above all the mechanical and thermal elasticity, especially by
- the front-end of-line compatibility refers to the compatibility of the process during the production of the electrically active parts.
- the bonding process must therefore be designed so that active components such as transistors, which are already present on the structure wafers, during the
- the compatibility criteria include above all the purity of certain chemical elements (especially in CMOS structures), mechanical and thermal load capacity, especially by thermal voltages.
- the reduction of the bonding force leads to a gentler treatment of the structure wafers, and thus to a reduction of the probability of failure by direct mechanical bending, in particular if the insulation layers between the metallic conductors are made of so-called "low-k" materials.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for
- Value ranges should also be regarded as limit values within the limits mentioned above and be chargeable in any combination of beans.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to create or apply at least on one of the substrates a diffusion bonding layer of a material which has a microstructure with possibly the finest grain, and thus the largest possible grain boundary surface.
- grain boundaries are preferred in particular, which are normal to the substrate surfaces to be bonded. This is according to the invention by a targeted adjustment of the layer thickness of
- reaction is to be understood as meaning a solid-state diffusion
- a cleaning of the substrate or the substrates instead in particular by a rinsing step instead. This cleaning should usually ensure that there are no particles on the surfaces that would result in unbonded areas.
- the core of the present invention is to form the diffusion bonding layer at least at the contact surface between the first and second substrate with an average grain diameter H parallel to the contact surface or surface of the substrate smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
- having diffusion bonding layer is a technical possibility created to effect a faster diffusion directly at the contact surfaces between the substrates and thus to allow the permanent bond primarily at low temperatures and further strengthen and increase the bonding speed.
- Deformation is understood below to mean a change in the surface and / or the bulk due to diffusion.
- the invention finds application for Cu-Cu bonds.
- III-V GaP, GaAs, InP, InSb, InAs, GaSb, GaN, AlN, InN. Al x Ga,. xAs, In x Ga 1 -x N
- the Oxidentfernung can be wet-chemically or with, for example
- means for inhibiting such reactions of the metal diffusion bonding layer and / or the surfaces of the substrates prior to contacting the contact surfaces may be provided, in particular by
- forming gas or an inert atmosphere or under vacuum or by amorphization is particularly suitable in this context.
- a treatment with plasma which is forming gas contains, in particular predominantly consists of forming gas proved.
- gases containing at least 2%, better 4%, ideally 10% or 15% hydrogen.
- the remainder of the mixture consists of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- Systems with an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere can be implemented with preference as systems in which the transfer of the substrates from one process chamber to the next process chamber takes place by means of a substrate handling system which controls the transfer of the substrates
- the diffusion bonding layer is applied by one or more of the following methods:
- the invention solves the problem of better welding the surfaces of two coated substrates that have been brought into contact with one another by increasing the microstructural properties of the topmost layer, the
- the invention thus relates to a method and a method, by the selective deposition of thin layers by means of chemical and / or physical ischem processes, the microstructure of the uppermost deposited layer so that they grain boundary is as large as possible.
- the grain boundaries are normal to the substrate surface.
- the inventively small grain size results in an extremely increased grain boundary surface and thus correspondingly larger Diffusion paths, which favors the welding of both material layers during bonding.
- the idea according to the invention therefore consists in increasing the current of atoms which diffuse along the grain boundaries by increasing the grain boundary surface.
- Temperature between room temperature and 400 ° C. in particular between room temperature and 300 ° C., preferably between room temperature and 200 ° C., more preferably between room temperature and 100 ° C., in particular for a maximum of 12 days, preferably a maximum of 1 day, more preferably a maximum of 1 hour, best a maximum of 15 minutes, takes place.
- B ondCH of greater than 1, 5 J / m 2 , in particular greater than 2 J / m 2 , preferably greater than 2.5 J / m 2 .
- T he B ondPark can be determined for example with the so-called Maszaratest.
- the bond strength can be increased in a particularly advantageous manner by the fact that both substrates have a diffusion bonding layer with very small particle size according to the invention, and thus a very large size
- Plasma activation of the surfaces of the substrates in particular with an activation frequency between 10 and 600 kHz and / or a
- pressurization with a pressure between 0, 1 and 0.6 mbar. erfllgt, additional effects such as the smoothing of the contact surface are effected.
- pressurization is meant here the pressure of the working atmosphere during the plasma activation.
- the pressure is between 0.1 and 10 MPa, more preferably between 0.1 and 1 MPa, most preferably between 0.1 and 0.3 MPa.
- the pressure must be chosen to be greater, the greater the unevenness and the thinner the layers.
- Diffusion bonding layer with preference in a mean thickness R between 0, 1 nm and 2500 nm, more preferably between 0.1 nm and 150 nm, even more preferably between 0.1 nm and 10 nm, most preferably between 0.1 nm and 5 nm is formed.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section of two according to the invention with a
- Fig. 2 is a eri 'indungs proper diffusion bonding layer
- FIG. 3 shows an intermediate layer according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a diffusion bonding layer applied to a substrate.
- FIG. 5 shows a layer system applied to a substrate with a
- FIG. 6 shows a layer system applied to a substrate with two
- the invention relates to a V experienced to ally two coated substrates 1 .3 on two layer systems 2, 4.
- the layer systems 2, 4 can be constructed of any number of layers 5, 5 ', 5 "of different types (intermediate layers 5', 5" and diffusion bonding layer 5) with different physical and / or chemical properties and microstructures.
- the uppermost layer is one
- Diffusion bonding layer 5 is referred to as a first diffusion bonding layer and the second diffusion bonding layer applied to a second surface 3 o of the second substrate 3.
- Grain diameter H of the surface lo, 3o of the substrates 1, 3 is with Preferably less than 1 ⁇ , more preferably less than 100 nm, even more preferably less than 10 nm, even more preferably less than 5 nm, most preferably less than 1 nm.
- the mean grain diameter V measured orthogonally to the mean grain diameter H or to the substrate surface amounts to
- the vertical grain diameter V is limited by a layer thickness t of the layer system 2 consisting of only a single diffusion bonding layer 5. Then a layer thickness t of the layer system 2 is equal to the grain diameter V.
- the diffusion bond layer 5 is deposited directly on the first substrate 1 with as high a grain boundary surface as possible.
- the diffusion bonding layer 5 with the highest possible grain boundary surface (therefore with many grain boundaries) is deposited on any other intermediate layer 5 '.
- the intermediate layer 5 ' may be the same material, with possibly different particle size distribution as in the case of the diffusion bonding layer 5.
- the microstructure at the contact surface (surface of the diffusion bonding layer 5) has been, in particular
- the Intermediate layer 5 has been produced by an electrochemical deposition process (ECD) or PVD process, whereas the diffusion bonding 5 is made by PVD and / or CVD processes.
- ECD electrochemical deposition process
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the intermediate layer 5 ' has, according to FIG. 3, a larger middle one
- the layer thickness t 'of the intermediate layer 5' is greater, in particular 2 times, preferably 3 times, more preferably 5 times, even more preferably 10 times, most preferably 100 times, most preferably 1000 times the average grain diameter V is.
- a further intermediate layer 5 " is deposited between the diffusion bonding layer 5 and the intermediate layer 5.
- the intermediate layer 5" has the object according to the invention, a possible interdiffusion between the diffusion bonding layer 5 and the intermediate layer 5 '. to avoid causing the microstructure of the diffusion bonding layer 5 to the actual
- Grain boundary surface (and thus a high grain boundary number) of at least one diffusion bonding layer more efficient diffusion of the atoms from the layer system 2 in the layer system 4 and vice versa.
- the diffusion bonding layer 5 is the layer which forms the contact surface. The reason is that the
- Diffusionsbond Mrs 5 has a very large number of grain boundaries 7.
- the average diffusion flow therefore preferably takes place in the vertical direction (transversely to the surface 10, 30) along these grain boundaries 7.
- the intrinsic diffusion of a species is greater along a free surface than along the boundaries, but larger along the grain boundaries than within the bulk.
- the bonding of the two layer systems 2 and 4 preferably takes place at the lowest possible temperatures.
- bonding is preferably done at a homologous temperature of less than 1.0 but above room temperature and below a temperature of 300 ° C.
- Inventive layer systems ren in particular:
- Si substrate / thin diffusion barrier / thin (PVD) Cu layer Si substrate / thin diffusion barrier / thin (PVD) Cu layer.
- Si substrate / thin diffusion barrier / Cu layer / thin Si layer Si substrate / thin diffusion barrier / Cu layer / thin layer of a transition metal (Ti, Ta, W, ...)
- Si substrate / thin diffusion barrier / Cu layer / thin layer of a noble metal Au, Pd, .
- the B ondvorgang can be carried out according to the invention by B onden one of the above-mentioned layer systems with any other of the above layer systems. Analogous considerations apply to every other shift system not explicitly mentioned in the text but based on the same inventive idea.
- the inventively preferred method for producing the intermediate layers 5 ', 5 "with comparatively large particle sizes (compared with the diffusion bonding layer 5) is the electrochemical deposition (ECD).
- Diffusion bonding layer 5 with comparatively small particle sizes are all PVD and / or CVD processes.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/069268 WO2014048502A1 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Verfahren zum bschichten und bonden von substraten |
US14/429,960 US9358765B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Method for coating and bonding substrates |
JP2015533462A JP6290222B2 (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | 基板をコーティングする方法及び基板を接合する方法 |
ATA9535/2012A AT525618B1 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Verfahren zum Beschichten und Bonden von Substraten |
KR1020157002733A KR101963933B1 (ko) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | 기판을 코팅 및 본딩하기 위한 방법 |
CN201280076109.2A CN104661786B (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | 涂覆及接合衬底的方法 |
SG2014014674A SG2014014674A (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Method for coating and bonding substrates |
DE112012006961.7T DE112012006961A5 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Verfahren zum Beschichten und Bonden von Substraten |
TW102128888A TWI606491B (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-12 | 塗佈及接合基板之方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/EP2012/069268 WO2014048502A1 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Verfahren zum bschichten und bonden von substraten |
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WO2014048502A1 true WO2014048502A1 (de) | 2014-04-03 |
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US (1) | US9358765B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6290222B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101963933B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104661786B (de) |
AT (1) | AT525618B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112012006961A5 (de) |
SG (1) | SG2014014674A (de) |
TW (1) | TWI606491B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014048502A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9640510B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2017-05-02 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Method for bonding metallic contact areas with solution of a sacrificial layer applied on one of the contact areas |
EP3057123A4 (de) * | 2013-10-07 | 2017-09-13 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Verbindungsstruktur und strukturkörper zur verbindung elektronischer elemente |
WO2018050659A3 (de) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-05-11 | Hema Maschinen- Und Apparateschutz Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbunds aus flächigen substraten mit unterschiedlichen wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP6504555B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-06 | 2019-04-24 | 株式会社ムサシノエンジニアリング | 原子拡散接合方法及び前記方法により接合された構造体 |
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- 2012-09-28 JP JP2015533462A patent/JP6290222B2/ja active Active
- 2012-09-28 US US14/429,960 patent/US9358765B2/en active Active
- 2012-09-28 CN CN201280076109.2A patent/CN104661786B/zh active Active
- 2012-09-28 WO PCT/EP2012/069268 patent/WO2014048502A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-09-28 DE DE112012006961.7T patent/DE112012006961A5/de active Pending
- 2012-09-28 KR KR1020157002733A patent/KR101963933B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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US9640510B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2017-05-02 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Method for bonding metallic contact areas with solution of a sacrificial layer applied on one of the contact areas |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6290222B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 |
JP2016500750A (ja) | 2016-01-14 |
AT525618A5 (de) | 2023-04-15 |
KR20150060666A (ko) | 2015-06-03 |
DE112012006961A5 (de) | 2015-06-18 |
TWI606491B (zh) | 2017-11-21 |
AT525618B1 (de) | 2023-07-15 |
CN104661786B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
TW201413786A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
CN104661786A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
US20150224755A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
US9358765B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
KR101963933B1 (ko) | 2019-03-29 |
SG2014014674A (en) | 2014-06-27 |
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