WO2014047880A1 - 一种减缓碰撞力的装置 - Google Patents

一种减缓碰撞力的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014047880A1
WO2014047880A1 PCT/CN2012/082317 CN2012082317W WO2014047880A1 WO 2014047880 A1 WO2014047880 A1 WO 2014047880A1 CN 2012082317 W CN2012082317 W CN 2012082317W WO 2014047880 A1 WO2014047880 A1 WO 2014047880A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact force
collision
mitigating
force according
outer layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/082317
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈建清
Original Assignee
桐乡市小老板特种塑料制品有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 桐乡市小老板特种塑料制品有限公司 filed Critical 桐乡市小老板特种塑料制品有限公司
Priority to US14/381,830 priority Critical patent/US20150292587A1/en
Priority to JP2015532269A priority patent/JP2015534628A/ja
Priority to KR1020147018651A priority patent/KR20140106657A/ko
Priority to EP12885903.0A priority patent/EP2902269A4/en
Publication of WO2014047880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014047880A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/02—Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/023—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
    • B60R19/30—Elastomeric material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40—Synthetic materials
    • B63B2231/42—Elastomeric materials
    • B63B2231/44—Rubber
    • B63B2231/48—Synthetic rubber, e.g. silicone rubber, Neoprene, polyurethane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mitigating impact force, in particular to a device for mitigating impact force of a vehicle and a ship, such as a bumper of a vehicle or a fender of a ship, and also suitable for other places where collision prevention is required, such as a highway guardrail. , port pier guardrails, etc.
  • No. 0 Chinese utility model patent discloses a hull collision safety buffer body, the main body of which is semicircular, circular, and trapezoidal; respectively; there is a mounting hole in the main body, and the mounting hole is from the upper end surface of the main body The end face of the main body is coated with a strip of yellow and white reflective paint, which is fixed on the hull by screws.
  • the hull collision safety buffer can only be set at a specific position, if the buffer body is installed around the hull , high cost and hinder the speed of the hull.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN93111409. 8 discloses a buffering method and device for the collision of a ship, which is mounted around the hull to be retractable or connected to an automatic opening and closing door on the hull.
  • Flexible angle collision buffering device with angle change which can be made by combining single or multiple forms such as hydraulic pressure, air pressure, spring and machinery, but the device and method are complicated to operate, costly, and early warning It can slow down the impact, but it does not act to slow down the impact if it encounters a sudden collision.
  • British Patent No. 3 discloses an anti-collision double-layer structure, such as a side of a double-decked vessel, including an outer shell and an inner shell. a group of passages made of malleable material and placed in abutment or superimposed on each other The ends of their side walls are secured to the inner surface of the outer skin of the structure, the base of each channel being joined to at least one of the structural inner panels or a structure attached thereto by a longitudinal beam substantially perpendicular to the base.
  • the anti-collision device of this structure has a complicated structure, frequent manufacturing time, and complicated processing technology.
  • the present invention provides a device for slowing down and diffusing a collision impact force, which is simple in manufacturing, reasonable in structure, low in cost, and capable of effectively reducing buffer collision. The impact generated.
  • a device for mitigating a collision force comprising a collision portion and a fixing portion, wherein the device for mitigating the collision force is a one-shot integrally formed structure, and the collision portion includes an inner layer And an outer layer, the inner layer and the outer layer are separated by a partitioning rib to form a cavity, and the outer layer of the collision portion has an arc shape, and the arc protrudes outward.
  • the fixing portion and the inner wall of the collision portion form a fixing groove
  • the fixing groove is located at an upper end portion of the mitigation force device, and is connected with the anti-collision steel beam around the vehicle or the hull or cooperates with the vehicle or the hull. , the device that slows the collision force is not easy to fall off.
  • the inner wall of the inner layer of the collision portion is provided with a protruding block or a groove
  • the vehicle or the hull is provided with a groove or a protruding block which is fitted with the protruding block or the groove, and the two are fixedly connected.
  • both ends of the cavity are provided with a blocking block, and the blocking block has an interference fit with the cavity.
  • the outer layers of the two adjacent cavities are the outer layers of the collision portion.
  • the outer layers of the adjacent two adjacent cavities are separated by a groove, and the outer layer between the adjacent two adjacent grooves is the outwardly projecting curved surface.
  • the wall surface of the inner layer of the collision portion that is in contact with the vehicle and the ship is a flat surface.
  • the wall surface is formed by a plurality of planes, and the relative position between the plane and the plane is gradually increased or decreased from top to bottom.
  • the relative positions between the plane and the plane are not in the same plane.
  • the lower end portion of the collision portion is provided with an inwardly contracting tail portion, and a certain angle is formed between the tail portion and the collision portion, and the angle of the angle is between 60 and 150 degrees.
  • the dividing rib between the inner layer and the outer layer of the collision portion is provided with a positioning hole, and the axis of the positioning hole is parallel to the axis of the cavity.
  • the fixing portion is provided with a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is parallel to the axis of the cavity.
  • the direction of the cavity is the same as the direction of the fixing groove.
  • the slowing impact force device is made of soft plastic.
  • the means for mitigating the impact force is made of rubber.
  • the device for mitigating impact force according to the present invention has low manufacturing cost, easy manufacture, convenient installation, simple structure, and particularly can effectively reduce the impact force of collision, and reduce the collision on the vehicle, the ship or other uses. Damage to the equipment of the device that mitigates the impact force and the safety of personnel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a device for mitigating impact forces in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view showing the embodiment of Figure 1 of the apparatus for mitigating impact forces in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top plan view of the embodiment of Figure 1 of the apparatus for mitigating impact forces in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An embodiment of the apparatus for mitigating impact force according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a collision portion 1 and a fixing portion 2, the device for mitigating impact force being a one-piece extrusion-molded monolithic structure, particularly soft
  • the plastic is made of rubber or the rubber.
  • the collision portion includes an inner layer 3 and an outer layer 4, and the inner layer and the outer layer are divided by a partition rib 5 to form a plurality of cavities 6, and the outer layer 4 of the collision portion has an arc shape, and the arc faces outwardly and is fixed.
  • the portion 2 forms a fixing groove 10 with the inner wall of the collision portion 1, and the fixing groove 10 is located at the upper end portion.
  • a protruding block or a groove is provided on the inner wall of the inner layer 3 of the collision portion 1, and a groove or protrusion which is fitted to the protruding block or the groove is provided on the vehicle or the hull.
  • Block the two are fixedly connected.
  • the two ends of the cavity 6 are provided with blocking blocks, and the blocking block and the cavity 6 pass an interference fit.
  • the outer layer 4 of the collision portion 1 has an arc shape, and the arc faces outward.
  • the outer layers of the two adjacent cavities 6 are the outer layer 4 of the collision portion, and the outer layers of the adjacent two adjacent cavities 6 are separated by grooves, and the outer layers between the adjacent grooves are respectively It is a curved surface that protrudes outward.
  • the wall surface of the inner layer 3 of the collision portion 1 in contact with the vehicle and ship is a plane, and the wall surface may also be constituted by a plurality of planes, and the relative position between the plane and the plane is gradually increased or decreased from top to bottom.
  • the plane is not on the same plane as the plane.
  • the lower end portion of the collision portion 1 is provided with an inwardly contracting tail portion, and a certain angle is formed between the tail portion and the collision portion.
  • the angle of the angle is 90 degrees, and the device may be applied according to the slowing impact force, and the angle may be Set to between 60-150 degrees.
  • the rib 5 between the inner layer 3 and the outer layer 4 of the collision portion 1 is provided with a positioning hole 8, and the axis of the positioning hole is parallel to the axis of the cavity 6.
  • the fixing portion 2 is provided with a through hole 9, and the axis of the through hole 9 is parallel to the axis of the cavity 5.
  • the direction of the cavity 5 is the same as the direction of the fixing groove 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

一种减缓碰撞力的装置，包括碰撞部（1）、固定部（2），该减缓碰撞力的装置为一次挤出成型的整体式结构，所述的碰撞部（1）包括内层（3）和外层（4），内层（3）与外层（4）之间借助于分隔筋（5）分割形成空腔（6），所述的碰撞部的外层（4）呈圆弧状，弧面向外突出。按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置制造成本低、制造容易、安装方便、结构简单，能有效减缓碰撞的冲击力。

Description

一种减缓碰撞力的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减缓碰撞力的装置， 特别是一种车船用减缓碰撞力的装置， 例如车辆的 保险杠或船舶的护舷材， 也适用于其它需要防止碰撞力的场所， 例如高速公路护栏、 港口码 头护栏等。
背景技术
车辆或船舶在使用过程中容易发生碰撞， 发生碰撞时时常由于船体或车体外侧的防护装 置设置不合理或者不设防护装置而引起重大事故， 造成人员伤亡及财产损失。
工业和信息化部发布的 2011年中国汽车工业经济运行情况公告显示， 2011年， 中国汽车 市场实现了平稳增长， 汽车产销量双超 1840万辆， 再次刷新全球历史纪录。据中国汽车工业 协会统计， 中国 2011年累计生产汽车 1841. 89万辆， 同比增长 0. 8 %， 销售汽车 1850. 51万 辆， 同比增长 2. 5 %。 数据显示， 2011年， 在严格禁止酒驾后， 汽车保有量达到 1. 04亿辆的 中国， 有 6. 2万人死于车祸。 2012年全国交通运输工作会议上获悉， 2011年中国共发生运输 船舶交通事故 298件、 死亡失踪 291人， 搜救遇险船舶 2150艘， 获救人员 18712人， 救助成 功率 96. 7%。 从以上数据可以看出， 事故的发生率是很频繁的， 车船往往由于保护装置不得 力， 使得事故出现车毁人亡的现象时有发生。 现在最普遍的方法是在船体的侧缘一圈设置有 防护圈或者在外侧缘四周设置保险架， 然后在保险架上包覆一层橡胶层， 但是现有两种方法 采用的防护装置基本都是橡胶或软性塑料包覆在船体外侧缘， 碰撞时能在一定程度上减缓碰 撞的冲击， 但是这种减缓程度是较低， 起到的作用也微乎其微。
ZL01217833. 0号中国实用新型专利公开了一种船体碰撞安全缓冲体， 该缓冲体主体的截 面分别为半圆形、 圆环形、 梯形； 在主体上有安装孔， 安装孔从主体的上端面至下端面贯穿; 在主体的端面涂有带状黄白相间的反光漆， 它通过螺丝固定在船体上， 这种船体碰撞安全缓 冲体只能在特定位置上设置， 如果船体四周均安装该缓冲体， 成本高并且阻碍船体的前进速 度。
申请号为 CN93111409. 8的中国发明专利申请公开了一种名称为一种船舶碰撞的缓冲方法 及装置， 其在船体周围安装一种可与船体上的自动启闭门相连接的、 可伸縮或变换角度的柔 性船舶碰撞缓冲装置， 这种装置可利用液压、 气压、 弹簧及机械等单一或多种形式相结合制 成， 但是这种装置和方法操作复杂、 成本较高、 提前预警的情况下可以减缓冲击力， 但是如 果遇到突发性的碰撞时它起不到作用减缓冲击力的作用。
GB99815571. 3号英国发明专利公开了一种抗碰撞双层结构， 如双层船只侧部， 包括一个 外部壳板和一个内部壳板。 一组由可延展材料制成、 并设置成彼此并靠或上下叠置的通道通 过它们侧壁的端部固定到结构外部壳板的内表面， 每个通道的基部至少通过一个基本垂直于 所述基部的纵梁连接到结构内部壳板或者连接到其上的一个结构上， 这种结构的抗碰撞的装 置结构复杂， 制造时间常、 加工工艺复杂。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术中的缺陷与不足， 本发明提供一种能有效减缓、 扩散碰撞冲击力的 车船用减缓碰撞力的装置， 该装置制造简单、 结构合理、 成本低、 能有效减缓冲碰撞产生的 冲击力。
本发明的上述目的通过如下的技术方案实现： 一种减缓碰撞力的装置， 包括碰撞部、 固 定部， 该减缓碰撞力的装置为一次挤出成型的整体式结构， 所述碰撞部包括内层和外层， 内 层与外层之间借助于分隔筋分割形成空腔， 该碰撞部的外层呈圆弧状， 弧面向外突出。
优选的是， 所述固定部与碰撞部内壁形成一个固定槽， 该固定槽位于该减缓碰撞力装置 的上端部， 并与车或船体周围的防撞钢梁连接接或与车或船体相配合， 使得减缓碰撞力的装 置不容易脱落。
优选的是， 所述碰撞部的内层的内壁上设有突出块或凹槽， 在车或船体上设有与该突出 块或凹槽相嵌合的凹槽或突出块， 两者固定连接。
为了使碰撞时缓冲效果更佳， 优选的是， 所述空腔的两端设有封堵块， 所述封堵块与空 腔之间过盈配合。
优选的是， 两两相邻的空腔外层即是碰撞部的外层。
优选的是， 两两相邻的空腔外层之间设有凹槽相分隔， 两两相邻的凹槽之间的外层是所 述向外突出的弧面。
优选的是， 所述碰撞部的内层的与车船相接触的壁面为平面。
优选的是， 所述壁面由多个平面构成， 平面与平面之间的相对位置从上到下逐步递增或 递减。
优选的是， 平面与平面之间的相对位置不在同一个平面上。
优选的是， 所述碰撞部的下端部设有向内收縮的尾部， 尾部与碰撞部之间形成一定的夹 角， 该夹角的角度为 60-150度之间。
优选的是， 所述在碰撞部的内层与外层之间的分割筋上设有定位孔， 所述定位孔的轴线 与空腔的轴线相互平行。
优选的是， 所述固定部上设有通孔， 所述的通孔的轴线与空腔的轴线相互平行。
优选的是， 所述的空腔走向是与固定槽的走向相同。
优选的是， 所述该减缓碰撞力装置采用软质塑料制成。 优选的是， 所述该减缓碰撞力的装置采用橡胶制成。
与现有技术相比， 按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置制造成本低、 制造容易、 安装方便、 结构简单， 特别是能有效减缓碰撞的冲击力， 减少因为碰撞对车辆、 船舶或其他采用本减缓 碰撞力的装置的机器设备的损害和人员的安全。
附图说明
图 1为按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置的一优选施例的立体结构示意图。
图 2为按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置的图 1所示实施例的主视结构示意图。
图 3为按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置的图 1所示实施例的俯视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明更容易理解， 下面结合附图进一步描述按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置的 一优选实施例。
如图 1与图 2所示的按照本发明的减缓碰撞力的装置的实施例包括碰撞部 1、 固定部 2, 该减缓碰撞力的装置为一次挤出成型的整体式结构，特别是采用软质塑料或者采用橡胶制成， 当采用前面所说的材质制成该减缓碰撞力的装置时， 遇到碰撞时， 可以很大程度上减缓碰撞 力， 形成较大的回复力， 减缓效果明显。 所述的碰撞部包括内层 3和外层 4， 内层与外层之 间通过分隔筋 5分割形成多个空腔 6， 碰撞部的外层 4呈圆弧状， 弧面向外突出， 固定部 2 与碰撞部 1的内壁形成一个固定槽 10， 该固定槽 10位于上端部。
如图 2和图 3所示， 在碰撞部 1的内层 3的内壁上设有突出块或凹槽， 在车或船体上设 有与该突出块或凹槽相嵌合的凹槽或突出块， 两者固定连接。 空腔 6的两端设有封堵块， 封 堵块与空腔 6之间通过过盈配合。 碰撞部 1的外层 4呈圆弧状， 弧面向外突出。 两两相邻的 空腔 6外层即是碰撞部的外层 4， 两两相邻的空腔 6外层之间设有凹槽相分隔， 两两相邻的 凹槽之间的外层是向外突出的弧面。 碰撞部 1的内层 3与车船相接触的壁面为平面， 所述壁 面也可以由多个平面构成， 平面与平面之间的相对位置从上到下逐步递增或递减。 平面与平 面之间不在同一个平面上。 碰撞部 1的下端部设有向内收縮的尾部， 尾部与碰撞部之间形成 一定的夹角， 该夹角的角度为 90度， 根据该减缓碰撞力的装置应用场合得不同， 夹角可以设 置为 60-150度之间。 碰撞部 1的内层 3与外层 4之间的分割筋 5上设有定位孔 8， 所述定位 孔的轴线与空腔 6的轴线相互平行。 固定部 2上设有通孔 9， 所述的通孔 9的轴线与空腔 5 的轴线相互平行。 所述空腔 5的走向是与固定槽 10的走向相同。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种减缓碰撞力的装置， 包括碰撞部 （1 )、 固定部 （2)， 其特征在于： 所述该减缓碰撞力 的装置为一次挤出成型的整体式结构， 所述的碰撞部 （1 ) 包括内层 （3 )和外层 （4)， 内层
( 3 ) 与外层 （4) 之间借助于分隔筋 （5) 分割形成空腔 （6) , 所述的碰撞部的外层 （4) 呈 圆弧状， 弧面向外突出。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述固定部 （2) 与碰撞部 （1 )的 内壁形成一个固定槽 （10)， 该固定槽 （10) 位于该减缓碰撞力的装置的上端部。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述碰撞部（1 ) 的内层（3) 的内 壁上设有突出块或凹槽， 在车或船体上设有与该突出块或凹槽相嵌合的凹槽或突出块， 两者 固定连接。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述空腔（6)的两端设有封堵块， 所述封堵块与空腔 （6 )之间过盈配合。
5. 如权利要求 1或 4所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 两两相邻的空腔 （6 ) 外层即 是碰撞部的外层 （4)。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 两两相邻的空腔 （6 ) 外层之间设 有凹槽相分隔， 两两相邻的凹槽之间的外层是向外突出的弧面。
7. 如权利要求 1或 3所述减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述碰撞部 （1 ) 的内层 （3 )的 与车船相接触的壁面为平面。
8. 如权利要求 7所述减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述壁面也由多个平面构成， 平面与 平面之间的相对位置从上到下逐步递增或递减。
9. 如权利要求 8所述减缓碰撞力的装置，其特征在于：平面与平面之间的相对位置为不在同 一个平面上。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述碰撞部（1 )的下端部设有向 内收缩的尾部， 尾部与碰撞部之间形成一定的夹角， 该夹角的角度为 60-150度之间。
11. 如权利要求 1或 10所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述在碰撞部 （1 ) 的内层 ( 3 )与外层（4)之间的分割筋（5)上设有定位孔（8)， 所述定位孔（8 ) 的轴线与空腔（6) 的轴线相互平行。
12. 如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述固定部（2)上设有通孔（9)， 所述的通孔 （9) 的轴线与空腔 （6 ) 的轴线相互平行。
13. 如权利要求 1或 12所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述的空腔 （6)走向与固 定槽 （10) 的走向相同。
14.如权利要求 1所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 其特征在于： 所述减缓碰撞力装置 采用软质塑料制成。
15.如以上权利要求书中任一项所述的减缓碰撞力的装置， 其特征在于： 所述减缓碰撞力的装 置采用橡胶制成。
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