WO2014010418A1 - 焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010418A1 WO2014010418A1 PCT/JP2013/067499 JP2013067499W WO2014010418A1 WO 2014010418 A1 WO2014010418 A1 WO 2014010418A1 JP 2013067499 W JP2013067499 W JP 2013067499W WO 2014010418 A1 WO2014010418 A1 WO 2014010418A1
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- sintered magnet
- heat treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
- B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a sintered magnet used for a high performance motor or the like.
- Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnets are often used for permanent magnets used in motors of hybrid vehicles and the like, and since they have excellent magnetic properties, demand is expected to increase in the future.
- a conventional method for producing a Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet is to dissolve raw materials such as Nd, Fe, and B in a vacuum or an argon gas atmosphere and roughen the molten raw material using a jaw crusher, a jet mill, or the like. Grind and pulverize. Then, the pulverized raw material is formed into a predetermined shape in a magnetic field, sintered and heat-treated, cut and ground using a slicer and a grinding machine, and subjected to surface treatment and inspection, and then magnetized.
- Patent Document 1 in order to suppress the precipitation of a ferromagnetic compound that is likely to occur when a transition metal such as Co is added to an Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet, the retention force, which is one of the magnet characteristics, is improved. Then, the rapidly cooled alloy powder is sintered at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher and 1100 or lower to form a sintered body. Then, the sintered body is cooled to a temperature lower than 400 ° C. and reheated to raise the temperature to 400 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower, cooled at a predetermined rate, heat-treated, and brought to room temperature. After reaching this level, cutting is performed.
- Patent Document 1 by performing the heating or cooling step as described above, the structure of the grain boundary phase of the sintered body is changed to a structure in which a nonmagnetic crystal part exists in a region surrounded by the amorphous layer part.
- the holding power of the magnet can be improved.
- it once it is cooled to 400 ° C. or lower and then heated again to around 900 ° C., it consumes extra energy compared to the case where it is not reheated, resulting in a cost increase.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides a method for producing a sintered magnet that improves energy yield by improving the energy used from the sintering process to the aging heat treatment process. For the purpose.
- magnet powder constituting an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet containing a rare earth element R containing Nd as a main component is press-molded, and the magnet A green compact in which the powder is compressed is formed.
- the green compact is sintered in a heated atmosphere heated to a sintering temperature to form a sintered magnet.
- the dimensions of the sintered magnet are corrected by pressure molding under the condition of being heated to a temperature not exceeding the sintering temperature, and the structure of the sintered magnet is adjusted using the heating atmosphere generated during the dimension correction. Aging heat treatment is performed.
- FIG. 1 It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the sintered magnet which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- 2A to 2D are schematic views for explaining the method for manufacturing the sintered magnet. It is a graph which shows the temperature change at the time of performing a sintering process, a dimension correction process, and an aging heat treatment process using the manufacturing method of the sintered magnet. It is sectional drawing which shows the apparatus used for the sintering process, dimension correction process, and aging heat treatment process in the manufacturing method of the sintered magnet. It is a top view which shows the inside of the storage container in the dimension correction part of the apparatus.
- 6A to 6F are schematic views for explaining a method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the R—Fe—B based sintered magnet is made of an alloy as a raw material (step S1), coarsely pulverized (step S2), finely pulverized (step S3), molded in a magnetic field (step S4), and sintered.
- Manufacture is performed through the steps of sizing (step S5), dimensional correction (step S6), aging heat treatment (step S7), surface treatment (step S8), inspection (step S9), and magnetization (step S10).
- the raw material alloy is manufactured by a strip casting method or other melting method in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere (step S1).
- the sintered magnet according to the present embodiment has Nd 2 Fe 14 B as a main phase, and Dy, Tb, Pr, or the like is appropriately added to Nd therein.
- the holding power of the sintered magnet can be improved by adding the rare earth metal mainly containing Nd.
- the produced raw material alloy is coarsely pulverized using a jaw crusher, a brown mill, or the like until the particle size is about several hundred ⁇ m (step S2).
- the coarsely pulverized alloy is finely pulverized to a particle size of about 3 to 5 ⁇ m by a jet mill or the like (step S3).
- the finely pulverized magnetic material is molded in a magnetic field to obtain a green compact (step S4).
- the green compact can be formed using various methods such as a parallel magnetic field forming method and an orthogonal magnetic field forming method.
- the steps from the production of the raw material alloy to the forming in the magnetic field are collectively referred to as green compact forming.
- the green compact molded in the magnetic field is sintered in a vacuum or in a non-oxidized state to obtain an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet (step S5).
- the sintering temperature varies depending on the material composition, pulverization method, and particle size of the green compact, but is performed at about 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C.
- FIG. 2 (A) to 2 (D) are schematic views for explaining a method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a sintering process, a dimension correcting process in the method for manufacturing the sintered magnet
- It is a graph which shows the temperature change at the time of performing an aging heat treatment process
- 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an apparatus used in the sintering process, dimension correcting process, and aging heat treatment process in the method of manufacturing the sintered magnet
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the inside of the containment vessel in the dimension correcting unit of the apparatus. It is.
- the workpiece W is press-molded by the upper mold 213 and the lower mold 214 constituting the dimension correction section 200 shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 4 in a generally non-oxidized state. Then, dimension correction of the sintered magnet is performed (step S6). Details will be described later.
- an aging heat treatment is performed in an unoxidized state to adjust the coercive force of the sintered magnet (step S7). Since the dimensional correction of the sintered magnet may be performed at a temperature higher than the aging heat treatment, the dimensional correction of the sintered magnet is performed before the aging heat treatment. This is because the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed may change the structure of the magnet and may affect the magnet characteristics.
- step S8 surface treatment is performed by Ni plating or the like in order to prevent rust and corrosion of the sintered magnet.
- the magnetic properties, appearance, dimensions, etc. are inspected (step S9), and finally a sintered magnet is manufactured by applying a pulse magnetic field or a static magnetic field and magnetizing (step S10). ).
- the sintered magnet manufacturing apparatus includes a sintering furnace 100 that performs a sintering process as shown in FIG. 4, and a dimension correction unit 200 that performs a dimension correction process, an aging heat treatment process, and a cooling process.
- the sintering furnace 100 includes a partition wall 101 for forming a space isolated from the outside and a heater (not shown) for heating the inside of the sintering furnace in order to sinter the green compact molded in a magnetic field. And having.
- the sintering furnace 100 has a shutter mechanism 102 for closing the entrance and exit after loading the green compact so that the green compact enters and exits the sintering furnace at the entrance and exit, and in order to make it non-oxidized.
- the sintering furnace 100 includes an introduction duct 103 for introducing the heating atmosphere generated by the heater into the sintering furnace 100, an exhaust duct 104 for discharging a gas generated during sintering from the sintering furnace, and a sintering furnace. And a cooling chamber 107 for cooling the magnet after concatenation.
- the partition wall 101 is made of a material having sufficient heat resistance such as ceramics so that the inside of the sintering furnace can be heated to about 1100 ° C.
- the heater include a metal heater in terms of uniform heating, and a molybdenum heater from the viewpoint of being able to withstand high temperatures of 1000 ° C. or higher, but are not limited thereto.
- the introduction duct 103 guides the heating atmosphere generated by the heater into the sintering furnace, thereby adjusting the inside of the sintering furnace to a predetermined temperature.
- the temperature adjustment range in the sintering furnace depends on the size, shape, arrangement, and the like of the introduction duct 103.
- the exhaust duct 104 is connected to negative pressure generating means such as a compressor, and is installed to discharge gas generated from the sintered magnet during sintering from the sintering furnace and to make the room non-oxidized. By installing the exhaust duct, the gas generated during sintering can be discharged to keep the chamber in a non-oxidized state, thereby preventing deterioration of the magnet characteristics.
- the shutter mechanism 102 includes a shutter 105 that moves up and down at the entrance and exit of the sintering furnace 100 in FIG. 3 and a guide rail 106 that serves as a guide when the shutter 105 moves up and down by a drive mechanism (not shown). As the shutter 105 moves along the guide rail 106, the entrance / exit of the sintering furnace 100 is opened and closed.
- the cooling chamber 107 cools the sintered magnet heated by, for example, having a water cooling jacket to the room level.
- the dimension correction unit 200 that corrects the size of the sintered magnet includes an upper slide 201 and a bolster 202 that can be relatively close to each other and a die set 210 that can be attached to and removed from the dimension correction unit 200.
- the die set 210 includes an upper die 211, a lower die 212 disposed to face the upper die 211, and an adjustment mechanism 240 that aligns the upper die 211 and the lower die 212.
- the die set 210 includes a storage container 220 that is provided with a correction die for correcting the dimension of the workpiece W (sintered magnet to be subjected to dimension correction processing) and is placed on the lower die 211.
- the storage container 220 includes a heater 221 for heating the sintered magnet, a piping duct 223 for forming the interior of the storage container 220 in a non-oxidized state, a cooling plate 224 for cooling the sintered magnet after dimension correction, And a cooling pipe 225 for circulating cooling water or the like through the plate 224.
- the upper slide 201 moves close to and away from the bolster 202 by hydraulic pressure.
- the upper slide 201 has a connecting pin 217 that detachably fixes the upper die 211 of the die set 210
- the bolster 202 has a connecting pin 217 that detachably fixes the lower die 212 of the die set 210.
- the bolster 202 is provided with a knockout bar 203 that allows the sintered magnet, whose dimensions have been corrected, to be taken out of the correction mold, so that it can be raised and lowered.
- the correction mold is composed of an upper mold 213, a lower mold 214, and an outer mold 215.
- the knockout bar 203 and the lower mold 214 constitute a knockout mechanism for taking out the workpiece W.
- Reference numeral 204 in FIG. 4 indicates a hydraulic cylinder that drives the knockout bar 203 up and down.
- the die set 210 is fixed to the dimension correction unit 200 by fixing the upper die 211 to the upper slide 201 with the connecting pin 217 and fixing the lower die 212 to the bolster 202 with the connecting pin 217.
- the upper die 211 is interlocked with the operation of the upper slide 201.
- the adjusting mechanism 240 includes a guiding rod 241 provided on the lower die 212 and a guiding cylinder 242 that holds the guiding rod 241 provided on the upper die 211 so as to be slidable.
- the guiding rod 241 slides in the guiding cylinder, the upper die 211 and the lower die 212 are aligned. In this embodiment, even when the upper die 211 is farthest from the lower die 212, the guiding rod 241 is not detached from the guiding cylinder 242, thereby ensuring positional accuracy.
- the upper die 211 and the lower die 212 are fixed to the upper slide 201 and the bolster 202 by the connecting pin 217. For this reason, the die set 210 can be easily attached to and removed from the dimension correction unit 200 only by removing the connecting pin 217.
- the containment vessel 220 is placed on the lower die 212 in order to process the sintered magnet to be processed in a non-oxidized state.
- the piping duct 223 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) in order to form a room in a non-oxidizing state.
- a valve (not shown) is provided in the middle of the piping path, and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas can be filled into the storage container by switching the path with the valve after the inside of the storage container is evacuated.
- the oxygen concentration in the room is preferably 10 ppm or less in a Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet, and 1 ppm or less when a metal such as Dy, Tb, or Pr is added to Nd. This is because Dy, Tb, and Pr are more easily oxidized than Nd.
- correction dies attached to the upper die 211 and the lower die 212 in a vacuum state are inserted into the containment vessel from the vertical direction in FIG.
- a lower die 214 is fixed and installed from the lower die 212 by a fixing jig 216
- an upper die 213 is fixed and installed by the fixing jig 216 on the upper die 211 in the same manner as the lower die 214.
- an outer peripheral mold 215 that surrounds the sintered magnet to be processed is attached to the lower mold 214 by engaging with a bowl shape at the tip of the lower mold 214.
- the storage container 220 is provided with a magnet insertion / removal mechanism for placing the sintered magnet conveyed from the sintering furnace 100 on the lower mold and replacing the sintered magnet with the next sintered magnet after dimensional correction. .
- the magnet loading / unloading mechanism is constituted by a robot arm (not shown), and the sintered magnet taken out from the sintering furnace 100 is quickly charged and removed.
- the heater 221 is provided in the vicinity of the upper mold 213, the lower mold 214, and the outer peripheral mold 215, and is formed in a hollow shape so that the upper mold 213 can slide up and down.
- the configuration of the heater 221 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an electric heater and a high frequency induction heater.
- the cooling plate 224 and the cooling pipe 225 are arranged apart from the heater 221 that is a heat source inside the containment vessel.
- a water jacket is formed inside the cooling plate 224.
- a coolant such as water guided from the cooling pipe 225 is sprayed onto the cooling plate 224 to forcibly cool the sintered magnet placed on the cooling plate 224.
- the heated workpiece is naturally cooled, but by using the cooling plate 224 and the cooling pipe 225, the cooling time can be shortened and the machining time can be shortened.
- the shutter 105 of the sintering furnace 100 is raised to carry in the workpiece W that is a green compact. Then, the workpiece W is heated and sintered at 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C. in a non-oxidized state by a heater while being synchronized with the movement of the conveyance path on which the workpiece W is placed, and formed into a sintered magnet. To do.
- the workpiece W that has passed through the sintering furnace is taken out of the sintering furnace 100 by the raising of the shutter 105 on the outlet side, and is cooled to room temperature in the cooling chamber 107.
- the workpiece W cooled to room temperature is carried into the storage container in the dimension correction unit 200, placed on the mold 214 by the robot arm, and the outer peripheral mold 215 is installed to hold the position of the workpiece W in the horizontal direction. .
- the outer peripheral mold 215 does not pressurize the sintered magnet in consideration of deformation of the sintered magnet. However, the outer peripheral mold 215 may be configured to pressurize when correcting the side dimensions.
- atmosphere heating or high-frequency heating is performed on the molds 213, 214, 215 and the workpiece W using the heater 221 so that the temperature becomes about 620 ° C to 1000 ° C. Even in the range of 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C., it is more preferable to carry out at 800 ° C. or less in consideration of preventing thermal deformation and oxidation of the sintered magnet itself.
- the upper mold 213 is held at the bottom dead center for about 0.1 to 30 minutes, because correction can be performed with high dimensional accuracy.
- the set temperature may be maintained by circulating the gas in the storage container when the storage container is filled with an inert gas.
- the pressure applied in the press working is pressurized at a pressure that does not reach the yield stress while considering that the yield stress of the magnet is reduced by heating the sintered magnet.
- the workpiece W is adjusted to a temperature of about 500 ° C. to 950 ° C. lower than that during dimension correction with the upper die 213 held at the bottom dead center, and subjected to aging heat treatment for a predetermined time.
- the above process improves the phase density of the sintered magnet structure, and improves the residual magnetic flux density, mechanical strength, and the like.
- the workpiece W that has been subjected to the aging heat treatment is released as shown in FIG. 2C, and is cooled by the cooling plate 224 to a temperature at which the magnet surface is not easily oxidized by the cooling pipe 225.
- the sintering process, the dimension correction process, the aging heat treatment process, and the cooling process are all performed in an unoxidized state.
- the sintered magnet is taken out from the storage container 220, subjected to surface treatment, inspection, and magnetization, and then shipped.
- the green compact in order to adjust magnet properties such as holding power, the green compact is heated and cooled in the aging heat treatment process from the sintering process, and then heated again. . Further, after the aging heat treatment, after the magnet is cooled to room temperature, cutting is performed as dimensional correction. In the aging heat treatment process from the sintering process, the method of performing reheating after heating and cooling is inferior in energy efficiency. In addition, so-called rare earths used in sintered magnets have a high rare value, and if cutting is performed, rare earths that are not used in products are generated, resulting in poor material yield.
- the sintered magnet after the sintering process, the sintered magnet is press-molded in a heated atmosphere and subjected to dimensional correction, so that a part of the material is cut as in cutting. Is no longer used after being cut. Therefore, the material yield can be improved.
- the aging heat treatment is performed using the heating atmosphere generated at the time of dimensional correction, the energy generated by the heater or the like for the aging heat treatment can be reduced, and the energy efficiency can be improved.
- the dimensional correction is performed in a heated atmosphere, and then the heat treatment process is performed using the heat generated during the dimensional correction, the temperature change until the aging heat treatment can be reduced, and the apparatus is configured accordingly. The temperature change of the structure can be suppressed.
- the conventional cutting process for dimensional correction is performed after the magnet is cooled to room temperature after heat treatment.
- the dimensional correction is performed in a heated atmosphere, so the time for cooling the magnet is reduced. And the time required for the process can be shortened.
- the size of the sintered magnet is corrected by performing press molding in a heated atmosphere after the sintering process, and then in the storage container 220. Aging heat treatment is performed. Therefore, a part of the material is not cut out as in machining, and the material yield can be improved.
- the aging heat treatment is performed using the heating atmosphere generated at the time of dimensional correction, the amount of heat generated at the time of heat treatment can be reduced, and the efficiency of energy use can be improved.
- the aging heat treatment process is performed using the heating atmosphere generated during the dimension correction process, the temperature change until the aging heat treatment process is small, and deformation due to the temperature of the structure in the apparatus is suppressed. be able to.
- the dimension correction process is performed in a heated atmosphere, it is not necessary to cool the magnet to room temperature as in the prior art, and the time required for the process can be shortened.
- the sintering process, the dimensional correction process, and the aging heat treatment process are performed in an unoxidized state, it is possible to prevent the sintered magnet from being oxidized and to prevent deterioration of the magnet characteristics.
- the sintered magnet when the dimension is corrected, the sintered magnet is heated to 800 ° C. or less to perform pressure molding, so that not only the material yield is improved, but also the sintered magnet itself undergoes thermal deformation and oxidation. Promotion can also be prevented.
- FIGS. 6A to 6F are schematic views for explaining a method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a sintering process and a dimension correcting process in the method for manufacturing the sintered magnet. It is a graph which shows the temperature change at the time of performing an aging heat treatment process.
- FIG. 8 is sectional drawing which shows the apparatus used for the sintering process, dimension correction process, and aging heat treatment process in the manufacturing method of the sintered magnet.
- symbol is attached
- the aging heat treatment step is performed in the containment vessel of the dimension correction unit 200 to cool the sintered magnet.
- the aging heat treatment step and the cooling step may be performed as follows.
- a heat treatment chamber 300 and a cooling chamber 400 are provided in addition to the sintering furnace 100 and the dimension correction unit 200a.
- the sintering furnace 100 reduces the distance of a conveyance path for the sake of illustration.
- the heat treatment chamber 300 is provided separately from the dimension correction unit 200a, stores a sintered magnet that has undergone the sintering process and the dimension correction process, and performs an aging heat treatment at a predetermined temperature and time.
- the heat treatment chamber 300 is connected to the piping duct 223 of the dimension correction unit 200 a in the second embodiment, and the heated atmosphere generated inside the dimension correction unit is sucked from the duct 223 and guided to the heat treatment chamber 300 through the duct 301.
- a heater (not shown) is installed in the heat treatment chamber 300, and the internal temperature of the heat treatment chamber 300 is raised or maintained to a predetermined value by using it together with the heating gas sent from the dimension correction unit 200a.
- the processing temperature and the processing time can be easily adjusted by separately configuring the dimension correction unit and the heat treatment chamber as in the second embodiment.
- cooling chamber 400 has the same configuration as that of the cooling chamber 107 of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the green compact that has been molded in a magnetic field is sintered in a sintering furnace 100 at 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C. as shown in FIG.
- the workpiece W is placed on the lower die 214 and positioned by the outer peripheral die 215, and the outer shape is formed by press molding at 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C. as shown in FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B).
- Perform dimension correction After the dimension correction, the sintered magnet is released as shown in FIGS. 6C to 6F, and is subjected to aging heat treatment at 500 ° C. to 950 ° C. in the heat treatment chamber 300 in which the temperature is controlled. After cooling to room temperature at 400, it is carried out of the facility.
- a dimension correction process and an aging heat treatment process are performed in the dimension correction section.
- the dimensional correction process is performed at 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the aging heat treatment is performed at about 500 ° C. to 950 ° C.
- the manufacturing method according to the second embodiment the aging heat treatment and the cooling process are performed in separate spaces. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the room to a temperature suitable for heat treatment after the dimension correction in the dimension correction unit 200a, and the cycle time of the product can be shortened accordingly.
- the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400 are separately installed as in the second embodiment, so that the layout in the factory can be achieved. It can respond flexibly. Furthermore, since the dimension correction part 200a, the heat treatment chamber 300, and the cooling chamber 400 are separately provided, each configuration can be individually maintained, so that maintainability can be improved.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to the second embodiment since the aging heat treatment and the cooling process are performed by a device different from the dimension correction process, temperature adjustment can be saved in the dimension correction section. The product cycle time can be reduced accordingly. Further, the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400 are installed separately from the dimension correction unit 200a, so that the layout in the factory can be flexibly dealt with. Furthermore, since the dimension correction part 200a, the heat treatment chamber 300, and the cooling chamber 400 are separately provided, each configuration can be individually maintained, so that maintainability can be improved.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing temperature changes when performing a sintering process, a dimension correction process, and an aging heat treatment process in the method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a method for manufacturing the sintered magnet. It is sectional drawing which shows the apparatus used for the sintering process, dimension correction process, and aging heat treatment process. In the first and second embodiments, the sintering process and the dimension correction process are performed by different configurations, but the following configurations may be employed.
- the schematic procedure for manufacturing the sintered magnet in the third embodiment is the same as that shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, and is not shown.
- a conveyance space for the workpiece W is provided in the storage container of the dimension correction unit of the first and second embodiments, and the sintering process can be performed in the storage container.
- the containment vessel 220 is integrated with a function corresponding to a sintering furnace, and is configured so that the indoor temperature is controlled by a heater (not shown) in the containment vessel.
- the storage container 220 is provided with a carry-in port 221 for carrying the work W therein.
- the sintering process is performed at 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C. by the heater until the workpiece W, which is a green compact, is carried from the carry-in port 221 and conveyed to the configuration corresponding to the dimension correction portion as shown in FIG.
- the sintered magnet is placed on the lower die 214 by the robot arm and press-molded by lowering the upper die 213 in a heated atmosphere of 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C. while being positioned by the outer die 215. Then, dimensional correction of the outer shape is performed.
- the sintered magnet After dimensional correction, the sintered magnet is subjected to aging heat treatment for a predetermined time in a state where the temperature of the sintered magnet is adjusted to about 500 ° C. to 950 ° C. After the aging heat treatment, the sintered magnet is released and transferred to the cooling plate 224, cooled to room temperature by the gas from the cooling pipe 225, and carried out of the apparatus.
- the sintered magnet manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment, not only the heating atmosphere generated during the warm pressing process during the aging heat treatment process but also the heating atmosphere generated during the sintering process is used during the dimension correction process. Therefore, energy can be used more efficiently.
- the heating atmosphere generated during the sintering process the heating time for raising the temperature to the temperature required for dimensional correction can be shortened. Furthermore, since the dimensional correction and the aging heat treatment are performed using the heat generated during the sintering process, the sintering process, the dimensional correction process, and the aging heat treatment process are performed in order of increasing temperature. Similarly to the above, it is possible to suppress deformation due to a temperature change of the structure in the apparatus. Furthermore, since the sintering process, the dimensional correction process, the aging heat treatment process, and the cooling process can be performed with one apparatus, the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
- a conveying space is installed in a containment vessel formed in a non-oxidized state, and a sintering process, a dimensional correction process, an aging process are performed in the apparatus.
- the heat treatment process and the cooling process are performed. Therefore, in the dimension correction process, the heating atmosphere generated in the sintering process can be used, and further energy efficiency can be achieved.
- the heating atmosphere during the sintering process can be used, the heating time to the temperature required for dimensional correction can be shortened.
- a sintering process, a dimension correction process, and an aging heat treatment process will be implemented in order of high temperature, and the deformation
- the sintering process, the dimensional correction process, the aging heat treatment process, and the cooling process can be performed with one apparatus, the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing temperature changes when performing a sintering step, a dimensional correction step, and an aging heat treatment step in the method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 12 is a method for manufacturing the sintered magnet. It is sectional drawing which shows the apparatus used for the sintering process, dimension correction process, and aging heat treatment process.
- the sintering process, the dimensional correction process, the aging heat treatment process, and the cooling process are performed in the same apparatus.
- the schematic procedure for manufacturing the sintered magnet in the fourth embodiment is the same as that shown in FIGS. 6A to 6F, and is not shown.
- a conveyance space for performing the sintering process is provided in the storage container 220, and the temperature during the sintering process and the dimensional correction process in the storage container 220 by a heater (not shown). It is configured to make adjustments.
- a heat treatment chamber 300 for performing an aging heat treatment and a cooling chamber 400 for performing a cooling step are separately provided in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a workpiece W which is a green compact, is carried from the carry-in port 221 of the storage container 220, and the workpiece W is moved at 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C. in synchronization with the movement of the conveyance path as shown in FIG. Sintered to form a sintered magnet. Then, the workpiece W is placed on the lower mold 214 and positioned by the outer peripheral mold 215, and the outer shape is dimensional corrected by press molding at 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the sintered magnet whose size was corrected is released from the apparatus while being kept in a non-oxidized state, and subjected to aging heat treatment at 500 ° C. to 950 ° C. in the heat treatment chamber 300 to adjust the magnet structure. Then, it transfers to the cooling chamber 400, and after carrying out cooling to room temperature, it carries out to the exterior which is not adjusted to the non-oxidation state.
- the heating atmosphere generated during sintering can be used during dimensional correction, and the heating atmosphere in the containment vessel can be used for aging heat treatment after dimensional correction. Can be achieved. Further, by providing the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400 separately from the apparatus for performing the sintering process and the dimension correction process, it is not necessary to adjust the inside of the containment vessel to a temperature necessary for the heat treatment after the dimension correction, and the product cycle accordingly. Time can be shortened.
- the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400 are installed separately from the dimension correction unit 200c, it is possible to flexibly deal with a layout in a factory where a large-scale apparatus cannot be installed.
- the structure for performing the sintering process and the dimension correcting process is separated from the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400, only necessary portions of the entire manufacturing apparatus can be stopped at the time of maintenance. Can be improved.
- the heating atmosphere during the sintering process can be used, the heating time to the temperature required for dimensional correction can be shortened. Furthermore, a sintering process, a dimension correction process, and an aging heat treatment process will be performed in order of high temperature, and deformation due to a temperature change of the structure constituting the apparatus can also be suppressed.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the temperature change when the sintered magnet manufacturing method according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is performed.
- a magnet powder containing a rare earth element is compressed to form a green compact, sintered, dimensional-corrected, and subjected to aging heat treatment.
- the following steps are performed. Also good.
- the manufacturing apparatus of a sintered magnet uses the same thing as Embodiment 1, description is abbreviate
- the grain boundary diffusion process for improving the magnet characteristics is performed by equipment such as the dimension correction unit 200b shown in FIG.
- the sintering process is performed at 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C.
- the dimension of the sintered magnet is corrected at 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the grain boundary diffusion is performed at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- an aging heat treatment step is performed at 500 ° C. to 950 ° C.
- the time and energy required for forming the heating atmosphere can be reduced by performing the aging heat treatment using the heating atmosphere formed in the dimension correction process. This can be similarly applied to the grain boundary diffusion treatment for preventing a decrease in holding power of the sintered magnet.
- Heating is sometimes used when diffusing heavy rare earth elements such as Dy and Tb, but the grain boundary diffusion process prevents the deterioration of magnet properties such as the holding power of dimensionally corrected sintered magnets. can do.
- the sintered magnet can be dimensionally corrected with a high material yield, or the post-process can be performed in the same space where the previous process was performed, so that thermal energy can be obtained. Loss and production lead time can be reduced, and the structure constituting the manufacturing apparatus can be made difficult to be deformed by a small temperature change.
- the sintering process, the dimension correction process, the grain boundary diffusion process, and the aging heat treatment process are performed in a non-oxidized state space as in the third embodiment.
- the grain boundary diffusion process is performed, the surface of the magnet becomes rich in rare earths and is easily oxidized.
- the magnet is oxidized and the magnet characteristics are deteriorated. You can prevent things.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing a temperature change when the method for manufacturing a sintered magnet according to the modification of Embodiment 5 of the present invention is performed.
- a dimensional correction step may be performed at 620 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- an aging heat treatment may be performed at 500 ° C. to 950 ° C.
- FIG. 15 by performing the grain boundary diffusion process, it is possible to prevent deterioration of magnet characteristics such as holding force, to correct the size of the sintered magnet with high yield, and to reduce thermal energy loss and production lead time.
- the structure constituting the manufacturing apparatus can be made difficult to deform.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of Embodiments 2 and 4 of the present invention.
- the sintered magnet after dimension correction is released from the molds 212, 213, and 214 and then transferred to the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400.
- the molds 212, 213, and 214 are released.
- An aging heat treatment and a cooling process may be performed by transferring the heat treatment chamber 300 and the cooling chamber 400 without molding.
- a magnet test piece was fixed to a test piece of a sintered magnet (thickness: 3.8 mm, cross-section length: 6 mm ⁇ 6 mm) using an upper slide, a bolster, and an outer peripheral mold in the same manner as in FIG.
- the temperature was raised from room temperature while applying pressure, and the amount of deformation of the test piece was measured.
- the sintered magnet metal according to Experimental Example 1 is composed of Fe 70%, Nd 22%, B 0.4%, Dy 2.5%, and Pr 2.5%.
- Table 1 is a table of the molding temperature and deformation rate (%) when the sintered magnet test piece according to this Experimental Example 1 is heated and pressed, and FIG. 11 is a graph of Table 1.
- about molding temperature it measured by making a thermocouple contact the side surface of the magnet test piece at the time of pressurization.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施形態1に係る焼結磁石の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。本実施形態においてR-Fe-B系の焼結磁石は、原料となる合金の作製(ステップS1)、粗粉砕(ステップS2)、微粉砕(ステップS3)、磁場中成形(ステップS4)、焼結(ステップS5)、寸法矯正(ステップS6)、時効熱処理(ステップS7)、表面処理(ステップS8)、検査(ステップS9)、及び着磁(ステップS10)の工程を経ることによって製造される。
図6(A)~(F)は、本発明の実施形態2に係る焼結磁石の製造方法の説明に供する概略図、図7は同焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程を行った場合の温度変化を示すグラフである。また、図8は同焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程に使用する装置を示す断面図である。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略することとする。
図9は本発明の実施形態3に係る焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程を行った場合の温度変化を示すグラフ、図10は同焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程に使用する装置を示す断面図である。実施形態1、2では焼結工程と寸法矯正工程とが別の構成によって行われていたが、以下のような構成を採用することも可能である。なお、実施形態3における焼結磁石の製造の概略手順は図2(A)~図2(D)と同様であるため、図示を省略する。
図11は本発明の実施形態4に係る焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程を行った場合の温度変化を示すグラフ、図12は同焼結磁石の製造方法における焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程に使用する装置を示す断面図である。実施形態3では焼結工程、寸法矯正工程、時効熱処理工程、及び冷却工程を同一の装置内にて行ったが、以下のように構成することも可能である。なお、実施形態4における焼結磁石の製造の概略手順は図6(A)~図6(F)と同様であるため、図示を省略する。
図14は本発明の実施形態5に係る焼結磁石の製造方法を行った場合の温度変化を示すグラフである。実施形態1~4では希土類元素を含む磁石粉末を圧縮して圧粉体を形成して焼結し、寸法矯正を行い、時効熱処理を行ったが、上記以外にも以下の工程を実施してもよい。なお、焼結磁石の製造装置は実施形態1と同様のものを用いるため説明を省略する。
次に本実施形態に係る焼結磁石の製造方法において。寸法矯正工程時に行うプレス加工の成形温度に関する実験を行ったので説明する。
101 隔壁、
102 シャッター機構、
103 導入ダクト、
104 排気ダクト、
105 シャッター、
106 ガイドレール、
200、200a、200b、200c 寸法矯正部、
201 上スライド、
202 ボルスタ、
203 ノックアウトバー、
204 油圧シリンダ、
210 ダイセット、
211 上ダイ、
212 下ダイ、
213 上金型、
214 下金型、
215 外周金型、
216 固定治具、
217 連結ピン、
220 格納容器、
221 ヒーター、
223 配管ダクト
224 冷却プレート、
225 冷却パイプ、
240 調節機構、
241 ガイディングロッド、
242 ガイディングシリンダ、
300 熱処理室、
301 ダクト
400 冷却室、
W ワーク。
Claims (7)
- Ndを主成分とする希土類元素Rを含むR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を構成する磁石粉末をプレス成形することによって前記磁石粉末が圧縮して形成された圧粉体を成形する工程と、
焼結温度に加熱された状況下において前記圧粉体を焼結して焼結磁石を成形する焼結工程と、
前記焼結温度を超えない温度に加熱された状況下において前記焼結磁石を加圧成形することによって前記焼結磁石の寸法を矯正する寸法矯正工程と、
前記寸法矯正工程において生成された加熱雰囲気を利用して前記焼結磁石の組織を調整する時効熱処理工程と、を有する焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記寸法矯正工程は、前記焼結工程において生成された加熱雰囲気を利用して前記焼結磁石の寸法を矯正することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記焼結工程から前記時効熱処理工程までの少なくとも1の工程は、無酸化処理された雰囲気下において行われることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記寸法矯正工程と前記時効熱処理工程との間に前記焼結磁石の粒界拡散を行う粒界拡散工程が行われる請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記焼結工程と前記寸法矯正工程との間に前記焼結磁石の粒界拡散を行う粒界拡散工程が行われる請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記寸法矯正工程において、前記焼結磁石の温度を620℃以上に加熱することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記寸法矯正工程において、前記焼結磁石の温度を800℃以下に加熱することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
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JP2015207673A (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-11-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 分割磁石の製造方法 |
JP2018107328A (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
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EP2874163B1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
CN104412343A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2874163A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
JP5994854B2 (ja) | 2016-09-21 |
JPWO2014010418A1 (ja) | 2016-06-23 |
EP2874163A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
CN104412343B (zh) | 2018-02-27 |
US11515086B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
US20150206654A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
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