WO2013168670A1 - 超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ - Google Patents
超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
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- B23K35/3603—Halide salts
- B23K35/3605—Fluorides
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
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- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/368—Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
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- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flux cored wire used for welding ultra high strength steel having a tensile strength (tensile strength) of 950 MPa to 1500 MPa.
- the present invention relates to a flux-cored wire for welding ultra-high-strength steel, which can prevent a ductile deterioration crack that occurs in an ultra-high-strength weld metal and obtain a weld metal having excellent strength, toughness, and elongation.
- Patent Document 2 in welding of ultra-high-strength steel having a tensile strength of 950 MPa or more, in particular, Mg is added to the flux so that welding can be performed at a preheating temperature of 100 ° C.
- a flux-cored wire capable of obtaining a weld metal with reduced diffusible hydrogen content, high toughness and improved cold cracking resistance.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a flux-cored wire for 490 to 780 MPa class high strength steel to which metal fluoride and metal oxide are added.
- none of the ductile drop cracks that are problematic for high-strength steels with strength levels exceeding 780 MPa has been studied.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a flux-cored wire added with a metal fluoride capable of forming a good bead without generating pores such as pits and gas grooves even when applying primer or welding rusted steel. .
- a metal fluoride capable of forming a good bead without generating pores such as pits and gas grooves even when applying primer or welding rusted steel.
- metal fluoride is described as reducing the amount of diffusible hydrogen, the content of metal fluoride is 2.0% or less, and no quantitative analysis has been conducted on the reduction effect.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-093715 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-005531 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-257785 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-180298
- Ductile drop cracking is a phenomenon that occurs when the old ⁇ grain boundaries break in multi-layer welding. Since it is desirable to limit heat input per pass, super high strength steel is welded by multi-layer welding. In multi-layer welding, the previously formed weld metal is reheated by the next welding pass. At that time, C and S mainly segregate at the old ⁇ grain boundary, and the embrittled old ⁇ grain boundary is cracked by the heat shrinkage that occurs when it is cooled.
- the ductility-decreasing crack is a very small crack, and the stress is concentrated at the crack tip at the time of the tensile test, so that the breakage occurs at an early stage. Therefore, the elongation is particularly low. If the elongation is low, there will be problems such as insufficient bending during production. Therefore, in order for such ultra-high strength steel to be widely used, a flux-cored welding wire from which a weld metal having excellent strength, toughness, and elongation is obtained is strongly required.
- Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, and 4 None of the ductile lowering cracks that cause a problem in welding of high-tensile steel having a tensile strength of 950 MPa or higher has been studied at all, and a solution is desired. . It is also desired to further reduce the preheating temperature when welding the steel.
- Patent Document 1 also considers the ductility of the weld metal, but referring to Table 5 and the like, the ductility is evaluated by the absorbed energy of the Charpy impact test at ⁇ 40 ° C., and the amount of oxygen is reduced.
- the term “ductility” as used herein is used in the same meaning as toughness.
- the ductile drop cracking which is a problem in the present invention is a crack due to a local lack of ductility of micro units of the old ⁇ grain boundary as defined in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- the definition is different from the ductility used in.
- the ductility evaluation index is the elongation at break in a tensile test performed at room temperature as shown in the examples described later.
- the present invention provides a flux capable of obtaining a welded portion having high strength, high toughness, and excellent elongation by suppressing ductility reduction cracking when welding ultra high strength steel of 950 MPa to 1500 MPa.
- An object is to provide a cored wire.
- a flux cored wire for welding ultra-high strength steel is a flux cored wire for gas shielded arc welding in which a flux is filled inside a steel outer sheath, , CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , MgF 2 are contained, and when the sum of the contents is ⁇ , the ⁇ is greater than 2.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the wire.
- the total content of CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , SrCO 3 , MgCO 3 is less than 0.60% by mass% with respect to the total mass of the wire, and 0.01 to 1.20% by mass% with respect to the total mass.
- the content of the iron powder is less than 5.0% by mass% with respect to the total mass of the wire, the ratio of the content of CaF 2 to ⁇ is 0.50 or more, and the ratio of ⁇ to ⁇ Is not less than 2.0 and not more than 800.0, and the chemical component is in mass% with respect to the total mass of the wire: C: more than 0.080 to 0.200%; Si: 0.05 to 1.50%; Mn: 1.0 to 2.2%; Al: 0.001 to 0.400%; Ni: 1.0 to 9.0%; V: more than 0.050 to 0.300%; P: 0.020% or less S: 0.020% or less; Cu: 0 to 0.800%; Cr: 0 to 2.5%; Mo: 0 to 2.0%; Ti: 0 to 0.300%; Nb: 0 to 0 0.05%; B: 0 to 0.0100%; Mg: 0 to 0.8%; Ca: 0 to 0.5%; REM: 0 to 0.0100%; The Ceq defined by the following formula a is 0.
- the flux-cored wire for welding ultra-high-strength steel described in (1) above may have a CaO content in the wire of less than 0.15% by mass% based on the total mass of the wire.
- the ratio of the CaF 2 content to ⁇ may be 0.90 or more.
- the flux cored wire for super high strength steel welding according to any one of (1) to (3) above is defined in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z3111-2005 for gas shielded arc welding using the wire.
- the tensile strength of the weld metal may be 950 MPa or more and 1500 MPa or less.
- the flux cored wire for welding ultra-high strength steel according to any one of (1) to (4) above may not have a slit-like gap in the steel outer shell.
- perfluoropolyether oil may be applied to the surface of the wire.
- a flux-cored wire used for welding ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength (tensile strength) of 950 MPa or more is excellent in high strength, high toughness, and suppressing ductile deterioration cracking.
- a flux cored wire capable of obtaining a weld metal having elongation can be provided.
- the strength (tensile strength) of the weld metal to be formed is as high as 950 MPa to 1500 MPa, and the weld metal of such an ultra-high strength steel plate has a structure having a martensite of 90% or more.
- the old ⁇ grain boundaries are very coarse.
- the martensitic transformation is a non-diffusion transformation, the ⁇ grain boundary formed during welding remains in a state containing segregation and impurities. For this reason, the toughness of the old ⁇ grain boundary of the ultra-high strength weld metal is originally low.
- C is in a solid solution state.
- the present inventors have studied means for effectively trapping C and S in the grains to prevent segregation to the grain boundaries and means for increasing the elongation of the weld metal. It has been found that by adding metal oxide, C, Mn, and V appropriately, ductile drop cracking can be suppressed even with an ultra-high strength weld metal, and excellent elongation at break can be ensured. It was.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the elongation at break (mark distance: 50 mm) obtained in the tensile test and the amount of metal fluoride / metal oxide in the welding wire.
- the symbol ⁇ and the symbol ⁇ indicate that V is over 0.05%, and the symbol ⁇ indicates that V is 0.05% or less.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the elongation at break (mark distance: 50 mm) obtained in the tensile test and the C content in the wire.
- metal fluoride was added so that the value of metal fluoride amount / metal oxide amount was 2.0 or more, and C was mass%, more than 0.080%, and Mn was 1.0. It was found that the elongation at break of 12% or more was obtained in the tensile test in the wire added so that V is more than 0.05% and more than 0.05%. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, in the range where the Mn content in the wire is less than 1%, the elongation at break decreases as the C content in the wire increases. On the other hand, when the Mn content in the wire is in the range of 1% or more, the C content in the wire shows the same tendency as the case where the Mn content is small up to around 0.07%. As the C content in the wire increases, the elongation at break increases rapidly. It has been found that when the C content in the wire is 0.080% or more, an excellent breaking elongation of 12% or more is exhibited.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show an example of the results of observing with a transmission electron microscope a number of oxides in the weld metal after welding with a prior art wire, with respect to two oxides 1 and 2.
- 4A is a transmission electron microscope observation photograph of the oxide
- FIG. 4B shows the result of EDS analysis of the surface layer C point of the oxide in the photograph. From the results of EDS analysis, almost no S is detected in this example.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the wire of the present invention (that is, a wire to which metal fluoride is added in a specific range and a metal fluoride is added so that a specific relationship is established with the metal oxide).
- FIGS. 6A to 6D show examples of results obtained by observing the inside using a transmission electron microscope after thinning the oxide in the weld metal welded with the wire of the present invention by ion milling. From the EDS element map inside the oxide shown in FIG. 6D, it can be clearly seen that S is present on the surface layer of the oxide. From these results, in the weld metal welded with the wire of the present invention, a large amount of S is taken into the oxide surface layer during the solidification process, so that the solid solution S is greatly reduced and S segregates at the old ⁇ grain boundaries. This is considered to have been effective in suppressing ductile drop cracking.
- the carbide precipitated in the old ⁇ grains is finely dispersed and contributes to strength improvement, and the strength difference in the weld metal can be reduced. Further, as C increases, precipitates increase, and the strength difference in the weld metal can be reduced. Therefore, by increasing the C content and adding Mn and V in combination, the carbides are finely dispersed and precipitated in the old ⁇ grains, and the entire weld metal is uniformly plastically deformed during processing. It is thought that there was an effect of improving the elongation.
- the lower limit of C may be over 0.090%, over 0.100%, or over 0.110%, and the upper limit of C may be 0.180%. 0.160% or 0.140%.
- Si 0.05 to 1.50%
- Si is a deoxidizing element and needs to be contained in an amount of 0.05% or more in order to reduce the amount of O in the weld metal and increase the cleanliness.
- the Si content is 0.05 to 1.50%.
- the lower limit of Si may be 0.20%, 0.30%, or 0.40%
- the upper limit of Si is 1.20%, 1.00. % Or 0.80%.
- Mn has an attractive interaction with C, and is effective in suppressing ductile drop cracking by suppressing segregation of C to the old ⁇ grain boundary.
- the formation of fine carbides in the prior ⁇ grains is promoted, and the strength difference in the weld metal is reduced, thereby improving the elongation at break. In order to exhibit the effect reliably, it is necessary to contain 1.0% or more.
- the content exceeds 2.2%, excessive austenite is generated in the weld metal. In the retained austenite, C is concentrated, and when reheated by welding in that state, excessive carbides are formed where the retained austenite was retained, causing remarkable embrittlement.
- the Mn content is 1.0 to 2.2%.
- the lower limit of Mn may be 1.2%, 1.3%, or 1.4%, and the upper limit of Mn is 2.0% or 1%. It may be 8%.
- P is an impurity element and needs to be reduced as much as possible in order to inhibit the toughness and ductility of the weld metal.
- the P content is set to 0.020% or less as a range in which adverse effects on toughness and ductility can be tolerated.
- the upper limit of P may be limited to 0.015% or 0.010%.
- the lower limit may be 0%.
- S is also an impurity element, which promotes the occurrence of ductile drop cracking. Further, if excessively present, both toughness and ductility are deteriorated, so it is preferable to reduce as much as possible.
- the S content is set to 0.020% or less as a range in which adverse effects on toughness and ductility can be tolerated.
- the upper limit of S may be limited to 0.015%, 0.010%, or 0.008%. There is no need to limit the lower limit of S, and the lower limit may be 0%.
- Al 0.001 to 0.400%
- Al is a deoxidizing element and, like Si, is effective in reducing O in the weld metal and improving cleanliness, and is contained in an amount of 0.001% or more in order to exhibit the effects.
- the content exceeds 0.400%, nitrides and oxides are formed and the toughness of the weld metal is inhibited, so the content is made 0.001 to 0.400%.
- the lower limit of Al may be 0.0012% or 0.0015%, and the upper limit of Al is suppressed in order to suppress the formation of coarse oxides. , 0.200%, 0.100%, or 0.080%.
- Ni 1.0-9.0%
- Ni is the only element that can improve toughness regardless of the structure and components by solid solution toughening (the effect of increasing toughness by solid solution), and in particular, it enhances toughness with a high strength weld metal with a tensile strength of 950 MPa or more. Is an effective element.
- it is preferable to contain 1.0% or more.
- a higher Ni content is advantageous in improving toughness, but if the content exceeds 9.0%, the effect is saturated and the manufacturing cost of the welding wire becomes excessive, which is not preferable. . Therefore, the content when Ni is contained is set to 1.0 to 9.0%.
- the lower limit of Ni is preferably set to 1.4%, 1.6%, and 2.1%.
- Ni is an expensive element, and its upper limit may be limited to 7.0%, 6.0%, or 4.8%.
- V has little segregation during welding solidification, is relatively dispersed in the weld metal, and forms a carbide by trapping solute C when reheated, thereby forming the old ⁇ grain boundary.
- the lower limit of V may be 0.060%, 0.080%, 0.100%, 0.120%, and to suppress toughness deterioration due to V.
- the upper limit of V may be limited to 0.280%, 0.250%, and 0.230%.
- the flux-cored wire of the present invention includes Cu, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb depending on the strength level of the steel sheet 1 to be welded and the required toughness in addition to the above basic components as alloy components or metal deoxidation components. , B, Mg, Ca, and REM can be contained alone or in combination. Regardless of the intentional addition of these components, if the content in the wire is within the scope of the claims, the wire is considered to be within the scope of the present invention. For this reason, in the present invention, since these alloy components only define the upper limit, the description in the claims is “(0 to upper limit)”, “(upper limit)” or “(upper limit) ) “Restrict”.
- Cu (Cu: 0 to 0.800%) Cu is added to the outer skin surface of the wire and to the flux as a simple substance or an alloy, and suppresses segregation of C into the old ⁇ grains and suppresses ductile deterioration cracking. In order to obtain these effects, 0.800% or less may be contained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.800%, the toughness decreases. Therefore, the content when Cu is contained is set to 0.800% or less. In addition, about content of Cu, in addition to the part contained in outer skin itself or a flux, when the copper surface is plated on the wire surface, the part is also included. In order to obtain the effect of Cu more stably, the upper limit of Cu may be set to 0.600%, 0.500%, or 0.400%. There is no need to set the lower limit of Cu, and the lower limit is 0%. If necessary, the lower limit may be 0.050% or 0.100%.
- Cr 0 to 2.5%) Cr is an element effective for increasing strength by enhancing hardenability. In order to acquire the effect, you may contain Cr 0.1% or more. On the other hand, if Cr is excessively contained in excess of 2.5%, bainite and martensite are cured unevenly and toughness is deteriorated, so the content when Cr is contained is 2.5% or less. To do. In order to obtain the effect of Cr more stably, the upper limit of Cr may be set to 2.0%, 1.8%, 1.6%, or 1.4%. It is not necessary to set the lower limit of Cr, and the lower limit is 0%.
- Mo is an element that improves hardenability, forms fine carbides, and is effective in securing tensile strength by precipitation strengthening. In order to exhibit these effects, you may contain 0.1% of Mo. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 2.0% in the welding wire, coarse precipitates are generated and the toughness of the weld metal is deteriorated. Therefore, the content when Mo is contained in the welding wire is 2.0%. The following. In order to obtain the effect of Mo more stably, the upper limit of Mo may be 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.4%, or 1.2%. It is not necessary to set the lower limit of Mo, and the lower limit is 0%.
- Ti is effective as a deoxidizing element and has the effect of reducing the amount of O in the weld metal. It is also effective for fixing solute N and mitigating the adverse effect on toughness. In order to exert these effects, 0.005% or more may be contained. However, if the content in the welding wire exceeds 0.300% and becomes excessive, there is a greater possibility that toughness deterioration due to the formation of coarse oxides and toughness deterioration due to excessive precipitation strengthening will occur. For this reason, content in the case of containing Ti in a welding wire shall be 0.300% or less. There is no need to set the lower limit of Ti, and the lower limit is 0%. In order to sufficiently obtain the effect of improving the toughness of the weld metal by Ti, the upper limit of Ti may be 0.200%, 0.100%, or 0.050%.
- Nb forms fine carbides and is effective in securing tensile strength by precipitation strengthening. In order to obtain these effects, 0.01% or more may be contained even in consideration of combined effects with other elements having similar effects. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.05%, it is not preferable because it is excessively contained in the weld metal and coarse precipitates are formed to deteriorate toughness. Therefore, in this invention, content when making it contain in a welding wire shall be 0.05% or less. There is no need to set the lower limit of Nb, and the lower limit is 0%. In order to obtain the effect of Nb more stably, the upper limit of Nb may be set to 0.04% or 0.035% as necessary, and the lower limit of Nb is set to 0.02% or 0.03. % May be used.
- B (B: 0 to 0.0100%)
- B When B is contained in an appropriate amount in the weld metal, it has the effect of reducing the adverse effect on the toughness of the solid solution N by combining with the solid solution N and contributing to the improvement of the strength by increasing the hardenability. There is also an effect. In order to obtain these effects, 0.0003% or more of B may be contained in the welding wire.
- B in the weld metal becomes excessive, and coarse B and / or B compounds such as Fe 23 (C, B) 6 are formed to deteriorate the toughness. It is not preferable. Therefore, when B is contained, the content is set to 0.0100% or less.
- the lower limit of B There is no need to set the lower limit of B, and the lower limit is 0%.
- the upper limit of B may be 0.0080%, 0.0060%, 0.0040%, or 0.0030%, and the lower limit of B is 0.0004% or 0.0005%. Also good.
- Mg is a strong deoxidizing element, reduces the amount of O in the weld metal, and improves the ductility and toughness of the weld metal. In order to acquire this effect, you may make it contain 0.1% or more. However, if the Mg content in the welding wire exceeds 0.8%, the decrease in toughness due to the formation of coarse oxides in the weld metal cannot be ignored, and the stability of the arc during welding deteriorates, resulting in beading. It also causes the shape to deteriorate. For this reason, when it contains Mg, the content shall be 0.8% or less. There is no need to set the lower limit of Mg, and the lower limit is 0%. In order to ensure the stability of the welding operation, the upper limit of Mg may be 0.7% or 0.6%, and the lower limit of Mg may be 0.2% or 0.3%.
- Ca and REM are effective in improving ductility and toughness by changing the structure of sulfides and reducing the size of sulfides and oxides in the weld metal.
- Ca or REM may be contained.
- it if it is contained excessively, it causes coarsening of sulfides and oxides, resulting in deterioration of ductility and toughness.
- the upper limit is 0.5% for Ca and 0.0100% for REM.
- the lower limit is 0%.
- the flux-cored wire of the present invention contains each element as described above as an alloy component or a metal deoxidation component.
- C, Si, Mn, Ni so that the carbon equivalent Ceq defined by the Japan Welding Association (WES) represented by the following formula a is 0.60 to 1.20%.
- WES Japan Welding Association
- Cr, Mo, V content is further adjusted.
- Ceq [C] + [Si] / 24 + [Mn] / 6 + [Ni] / 40 + [Cr] / 5 + [Mo] / 4 + [V] / 14 (a)
- the elements with [] indicate the content in mass% of each element.
- the weld metal is hardened and the tensile strength is improved, but on the other hand, the toughness is lowered and the weld crack sensitivity is increased.
- the target strength (tensile strength) of 950 MPa or more is not satisfied in the weld metal.
- the tensile strength of the weld metal becomes excessive, and the toughness of the weld metal decreases. Therefore, the range of Ceq is set to 0.60 to 1.20%.
- the lower limit of Ceq may be 0.63%, 0.66%, or 0.70%.
- the upper limit of Ceq may be 1.10%, 1.00%, or 0.90%.
- the content of elements contained as the above alloy components or metal deoxidation components does not include the content when these elements are contained as fluorides, metal oxides, or metal carbonates. Further, these elements are not necessarily pure substances (inevitable impurities can be contained), and there is no problem even if they are contained in the form of an alloy such as Cu—Ni. In addition, since these elements have the same effect regardless of whether they are contained in the steel skin or as a flux, they can be contained in either the steel skin or the flux.
- the flux-cored wire of the example contains one or more metal fluorides of CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , and MgF 2 , and the total content ( ⁇ ) of the wire exceeds 2.0 to 8.0% or less.
- Metal fluoride changes the basicity of the molten pool. By changing the basicity of the molten pool, it is promoted that S is trapped in the oxide during solidification. By increasing S trapped in the oxide, solid solution S after solidification decreases.
- the weld metal when the weld metal is reheated, it is possible to suppress segregation of the solid solution S to the old ⁇ grain boundary, and it is possible to suppress the ductile drop cracking that occurs in the ultra-high strength weld metal. Further, the basicity is changed by the metal fluoride, so that it is effective in reducing the oxygen of the weld metal, and thereby the toughness of the weld metal can be expected to be improved.
- the total ⁇ content of metal fluoride must be more than 2.0%. If the total ⁇ of the metal fluoride content is 2.0% or less, these sufficient effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 8.0%, welding fume and slag are excessively generated, so that welding workability is remarkably deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the lower limit of the total ⁇ may be 2.1% or more, 2.2% or more, 2.5% or more, 2.8% or more, or 3.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the total ⁇ may be 7.0% or less, 6.5% or less, or 6.0% or less.
- any of CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , and MgF 2 can be used from the viewpoint of suppressing the ductile drop cracking, but CaF 2 is the main component from the viewpoint of welding workability. As included. Furthermore, when giving priority to welding workability such as ensuring arc stability and suppressing spatter, the ratio of CaF 2 to the total ⁇ is set to 50% or more in the metal fluoride to be added. That is, the ratio of the content of CaF 2 to ⁇ is set to 0.50 or more. As needed, it is good also as 80% or more, 90% or more, or 100%.
- Ti oxide for example, TiO 2
- Si oxide for example, SiO 2
- Mg oxide for example, MgO
- Al oxide for example, Al 2
- O 3 One or more of O 3 ) are added. These are added as necessary to maintain the shape of the weld bead 3 well, and in order to obtain an appropriate effect, it is necessary to add 0.01% or more based on the total mass of the wire.
- the total ⁇ content of these metal oxides exceeds 1.20%, the oxygen content of the weld metal increases and the toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, the total content ⁇ of these metal oxides is set to 0.01 to 1.20%.
- the content of these metal oxides includes the total amount of TiO 2 , SiO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 as well as the total metal oxides contained in binders used for flux granulation. Amount. Moreover, in order to suppress the deterioration of toughness due to the addition of metal oxide as much as possible, the upper limit of the total ⁇ may be set to 1.00%, 0.90%, and 0.80%. If necessary, the lower limit of the total ⁇ may be 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, or 0.20%.
- metal fluoride with respect to the metal oxide content expressed in mass% Content ratio (metal fluoride amount / metal oxide amount, that is, total ⁇ / total ⁇ ) needs to satisfy 2.0 or more and 800.0 or less.
- the ratio of the metal fluoride content to the metal oxide content ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is less than 2.0, the trapping effect of S on the oxide necessary to suppress the ductile drop cracking disappears.
- the ratio of the metal fluoride content to the metal oxide content ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) exceeds 800.0, the arc state becomes unstable and the bead shape becomes unfavorable.
- the lower limit of the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) may be 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0, and the upper limit may be 500, 300, or 200.
- Iron powder may be added as necessary to adjust the filling rate of the flux-cored wire and improve the welding efficiency. Iron powder may not be added, and its lower limit is 0%. However, the surface layer of iron powder is oxidized, and adding iron powder increases the oxygen content of the weld metal and decreases toughness. When the tensile strength (tensile strength) is 950 MPa or more, the strength is extremely high, so that it is difficult to ensure toughness, and an increase in oxygen due to the addition of iron powder is not allowed. Therefore, iron powder may not be added, but when it is added for adjusting the filling rate, the iron powder content is limited to less than 5.0% in order to ensure toughness. In order to improve toughness, the upper limit may be limited to 3.0%, 2.0%, or 1.0%.
- one or more of CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , SrCO 3 , and MgCO 3 metal carbonates can be further added for the purpose of improving the arc stability and arc concentration.
- concentration of the arc is too strong and the amount of spatter generated increases. Therefore, when these metal carbonates are contained, the total content is less than 0.60%.
- the lower limit of the total content of these metal carbonates is 0%.
- CaO may be contained in the flux raw material. CaO changes to CaOH when exposed to the air, and increases the diffusible hydrogen of the weld metal.
- an increase in diffusible hydrogen is not preferable because it increases the load of preheating work performed in order to suppress cold cracking. Whether it is mixed as an impurity or intentionally added, it is desirable that the CaO content is less than 0.20% by mass% with respect to the total mass of the wire.
- FIG. 8 shows an experiment in which such knowledge is obtained. From FIG. 8, it was found that diffusible hydrogen increased as CaO increased, and up to 0.15% yielded diffusible hydrogen of 1.0 ml / 100 g or less. Therefore, in order to suppress an increase in the preheating work load, CaO is preferably less than 0.15%. That is, it is preferable to select the raw material of the flux so as to satisfy this range. If necessary, the upper limit of the CaO content may be 0.12%, 0.10%, or 0.08%.
- the above is the reason for limitation regarding the component composition of the flux-cored wire of the present invention, but the other remaining components are iron and impurities.
- the iron component includes Fe in the steel outer shell, iron powder added to the flux, and Fe in the alloy component. Further, impurities mixed in during the manufacturing process or the like may be contained as long as the balance containing iron as a main component does not impair the characteristics of the present invention.
- an arc stabilizer may be further contained as necessary.
- the arc stabilizer include Na and K oxides and fluorides (for example, Na 2 O, NaF, K 2 O, KF, K 2 SiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 ), and the total content thereof is 0.001 to 0.40% is appropriate. Since it does not need to contain, the lower limit is 0%. Note that the oxides and fluorides exemplified here are not included in the metal oxides and metal fluorides. If necessary, if there are a large amount of oxides and fluorides of Na and K, the arc becomes stronger and the spatter and the like increase. Therefore, if necessary, the total of these contents is 0.30% or less, 0.20 % Or less, less than 0.10%, or 0.08% or less.
- the flux-cored wire can be roughly classified into a seamless wire having no slit-like seam in the steel outer shell and a wire having a seam having a slit-like gap in the steel outer seam. Can also be adopted. If there is a slit-shaped gap, moisture in the atmosphere enters from the gap during wire storage, and the flux absorbs moisture. If welding is performed in this state, the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal increases. To avoid this, it is better to use a seamless wire with no slit-like joints. In addition, a method of applying a slippery lubricant to the wire surface to improve the wire feeding property during welding is generally performed.
- perfluoropolyether oil which is a fluorine-based lubricating oil
- perfluoropolyether oil does not contain a hydrogen source, it does not increase the diffusible hydrogen of the weld metal even when applied to the wire as a lubricant.
- the tensile strength of the weld metal or the weld metal is set to a tensile strength equivalent to that of the ultra high strength steel having a tensile strength of 950 MPa to 1500 MPa.
- the tensile strength of the weld metal or the weld metal can be measured by performing a tensile test of the weld metal or the weld metal from a welded joint manufactured using the flux-cored wire. It is also known that there is a good correlation between hardness and tensile strength. By utilizing this, the hardness of the weld metal or weld metal of the weld joint may be measured, and the tensile strength of the weld metal or weld metal may be obtained by converting from the hardness. Further, if a flux-cored wire is available, a weld metal tensile test specified in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z3111-2005 is carried out without producing a welded joint using ultra-high strength steel. The tensile strength of the weld metal may be obtained. If necessary, the upper limit of the tensile strength of the weld metal or the weld metal may be limited to 1400 MPa or 1350 MPa.
- the flux cored wire of the present invention can be manufactured by the same manufacturing process as that of a normal flux cored wire manufacturing method. That is, first, a steel strip to be an outer skin and a flux containing metal fluoride, an alloy component, a metal oxide, a metal carbonate, and an arc stabilizer are prepared so as to have predetermined contents. While feeding the steel strip in the longitudinal direction, it is formed into an open tube (U-shaped) with a forming roll to form a steel outer shell. During this forming, flux is supplied from the opening of the open tube, and the opposing edge surface of the opening is Butt seam welding. A seamless pipe obtained by welding is drawn and annealed during or after the drawing process to obtain a seamless wire having a desired wire diameter. Moreover, a part is made into the pipe
- a steel plate 1 having a plate thickness of 19 mm is abutted at a root gap of 12 mm and a groove angle of 45 °, as shown in FIG.
- welding was performed in 2 or 3 passes from the second pass, the third layer to the final layer. Welding was performed under the welding conditions shown in [Table 3-1] to [Table 3-5].
- SM490A of JIS G3106 was used for the steel plate 1 and the backing metal 2
- two or more layers were formed on the groove surface of the steel plate 1 and the surface of the backing metal 2 using a flux-cored wire to be tested, and Battering of 3 mm or more was performed and used.
- metal carbonate is CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , SrCO 3 , and MgCO 3 .
- the wire number 36 is BaCO 3
- the wire number 37 is SrCO 3
- the wire number 51 is MgCO 3
- everything else is CaCO 3 .
- An “arc stabilizer” is an oxide or fluoride of Na and K.
- the mechanical properties were evaluated as acceptable if the tensile strength was 950 MPa or more, the elongation at break was 12% or more, and the toughness was a Charpy impact test at ⁇ 40 ° C. and the absorbed energy was 27 J or more.
- the wire numbers 1 to 108 as examples of the present invention were all excellent in strength, elongation and toughness and passed.
- the wire numbers 109 to 160 which are comparative examples do not satisfy the requirements defined in the present invention for the flux composition and alloy components, so that the strength, the elongation and the toughness cannot be satisfied, and the welding workability is poor. Evaluation could not be done, and both failed in the comprehensive judgment.
- the wire numbers 127 and 129 contained less metal fluoride than the range of the present invention, the ductility-reducing crack could not be suppressed, the elongation at break was low, and the toughness was low, and the wire was rejected.
- the wire numbers 128 and 130 since the metal fluoride contained in the wire was larger than the range of the present invention, the arc became unstable and the bead shape was not good enough to be evaluated, so it was rejected.
- the wire numbers 124 to 126, 131, and 132 the ratio of the metal fluoride content to the metal oxide content is smaller than the range of the present invention, so the ductility-reducing crack cannot be suppressed and the elongation at break becomes low and is not good. Passed.
- wire numbers 133 and 134 contained a large amount of metal oxide and iron powder contained in the wire beyond the scope of the present invention, the toughness decreased due to an increase in the oxygen content of the weld metal, and the wire was rejected.
- wire number 135 since there were many metal carbonates contained in a wire exceeding the range of this invention, weldability workability was bad and it refused.
- Wire No. 147 was not evaluated because the ratio of CaF 2 in the metal fluoride was low and welding workability was poor.
- Wire Nos. 109 to 123, 136 to 146, and 148 to 160 have an alloy component and metal deoxidation component included in the wire that are out of the scope of the present invention, and cannot satisfy any of strength, elongation, and toughness. Passed. Further, the wire number 147 was not evaluated due to poor welding workability. Since the wire numbers 109 to 110, 115 to 116, and 136 had less C than the range of the present invention, the tensile strength was low and the wires were not accepted. Moreover, since the wire number 137 had more C than the range of this invention, toughness became a low value and it failed.
- wire number 138 had less Si than the scope of the present invention, the oxygen content of the weld metal could not be reduced, and the toughness was lowered, resulting in a failure. Moreover, since wire number 139 had more Si than the range of this invention, toughness became a low value and it failed. Since the wire numbers 111 to 112, 122 to 123, and 140 had Mn less than the range of the present invention, the elongation at break was low and they were rejected. Further, since the wire numbers 117 to 121 and 141 had Mn larger than the range of the present invention, the toughness was low and they were rejected.
- wire number 144 had less Al than the range of the present invention, the oxygen content of the weld metal could not be reduced, and the toughness was lowered, resulting in a failure. Moreover, since there was more Al than the range of this invention about the wire number 145, toughness became a low value and it failed. Since wire number 146 had less Ni than the range of this invention, toughness became a low value and it failed. For wire numbers 113 to 114 and 148, V was less than the range of the present invention, so that ductile deterioration cracking could not be suppressed, and the elongation at break was low and failed. Moreover, since wire number 149 had more V than the range of this invention, toughness became a low value and it failed.
- the wire number 142 had more P than the range of the present invention, the elongation at break and the toughness were low and the wire number 142 was rejected. Since the wire number 143 had more S than the range of the present invention, the elongation at break and toughness were low and the wire number 143 was rejected. Since the wire numbers 150 to 158 each had more Cu, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb, B, Mg, Ca, and REM than the range of the present invention, the toughness was low and it was rejected. Since the wire number 159 had a Ceq value smaller than the range of the present invention, the tensile strength was low and the wire number 159 was rejected. Moreover, since the wire number 160 had more Ceq values than the scope of the present invention, the toughness was low and it was rejected.
- the wire numbers 161 to 175 shown in [Table 1-6] and [Table 2-6] were evaluated in accordance with JIS Z3111 (2005). That is, the procedure shown in FIG. 7 (symbol 1.3 of the test plate) was adopted. A steel plate 1 having a thickness of 20 mm is abutted at a root gap of 16 mm and a groove angle of 20 °, and a backing metal 2 is used. The first and second layers are 1 or 2 passes, and the third to final layers are 2 or 3 Welding was performed with a pass. The welding conditions are shown in [Table 3-6].
- SM490A was used for the steel plate 1 and the backing metal 2, two or more layers and 3 mm or more of the grooved surface of the steel plate 1 and the surface of the backing metal 2 using a flux-cored wire to be tested. Battering was performed and used.
- wire numbers 161 to 170 as examples of the present invention were all excellent in strength, elongation and toughness and passed.
- the wire number 171 which is a comparative example has fewer metal oxides than the scope of the present invention, the shape of the weld bead 3 became defective, and the wire number 171 was rejected.
- Wire numbers 172 and 173 are comparative examples containing little metal fluoride or no metal fluoride. However, diffusible hydrogen was not reduced because there was little metal fluoride.
- Wire number 174 is a comparative example of solid wire, but diffusible hydrogen is not reduced as much as the wire of the present invention.
- wire number 175 which is an example of the present invention uses a flux having a high CaO content as an impurity, 0.28% of CaO was contained in mass% with respect to the total mass of the wire.
- the test result of wire number 175 was excellent in strength, elongation, and toughness, and passed.
- the wire numbers 5-2, 6-2, 30-2, 61-2, 62-2, and 90-2 of the examples shown in [Table 1-7] and [Table 2-7] are shown in [Table 1 1] to [Tables 1 to 3] are the same wires as the wire numbers 5, 6, 30, 61, 62, and 90 in the examples. Using this wire, it was evaluated according to JIS Z3111 (2005). The welding conditions are shown in [Table 3-7].
- the amount of diffusible hydrogen was measured by a gas chromatograph method in accordance with a method for measuring the amount of hydrogen in steel welds (JIS Z 3118 (2005)).
- the welding conditions were an electric current of 280 A, a voltage of 30 V, and a welding speed of 350 mm / min.
- the results are shown in [Table 4-1] to [Table 4-7].
- the amount of diffusible hydrogen was 1.0 ml / 100 g or less and low hydrogen was obtained.
- the flux-cored wire of the present invention is excellent in cold cracking resistance and can reduce the preheating temperature during welding.
- the wire numbers 161 to 164, 166, and 169 of the examples were welded without preheating when making a welded joint as shown in Table 3-6. No cold crack was observed in any of the welded joints, indicating that the flux-cored wire of the present invention has excellent cold crack resistance. Further, in order to evaluate the low temperature crack resistance of the prototyped wires, a low temperature crack resistance evaluation test was performed on the wire symbols 161 to 163, 168, 170, and 172 to 175. The low temperature cracking resistance evaluation test was conducted in a room where the atmosphere could be controlled at a constant temperature of 20 ° C and humidity of 60%, using TS1180 MPa steel with a plate thickness of 25 mm under the welding conditions shown in Table 3 in the same manner as in the mechanical property test.
- Table 6 shows the components and mechanical properties of the steel plates used in the y-type weld cracking test.
- Table 5 shows crack stop temperatures of the obtained y-type weld crack test.
- the crack stop temperature is 150 ° C.
- the crack stop temperature is 100 ° C.
- the wire of the present invention has a temperature of 50 ° C. or less. It has been shown that the wire is excellent in cold cracking resistance by reducing diffusible hydrogen.
- the wire of the present invention is a flux-cored wire
- the contained flux includes not only a small amount but also a source of hydrogen such as crystal water.
- the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal of the wire of the present invention should be higher than that of the solid wire, but the result was exactly the opposite.
- the crack stop temperature of the wire of the present invention is also lower than that of the solid wire. The reason why the amount of diffusible hydrogen is reduced and the crack stop temperature is lowered is that the fluorine in the fluoride is combined with hydrogen and released into the atmosphere as hydrogen fluoride during welding. It is thought that diffusible hydrogen decreased. That is, by using the wire of the present invention, the preheating temperature can be made lower than when a solid wire is used.
- a flux-cored wire used for welding ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength of 950 MPa or more a weld metal having high strength, high toughness, and excellent elongation by suppressing ductility reduction cracking. It is possible to provide a flux-cored wire capable of obtaining the above.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年5月8日に、日本に出願された特願2012-106607号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この理由としては、950MPa級以上の超高張力鋼の溶接では、母材鋼板の性能に見合う高強度・高靱性の溶接金属を得ることがより困難となるため、そのような溶接に適合する溶接材料の開発が十分行われていなかったことがあげられる。
超高張力鋼の溶接では、高合金の溶接金属を得る必要がある。高合金の溶接ワイヤとしては、フラックス入りワイヤが製造性の点で有利であるため、特に、超高張力鋼の溶接に適用できるフラックス入りワイヤの開発が必要になっている。
特許文献1では、強度と靭性を確保するために有効なNiと、その他Mo、W、Nb、Vなどを適量添加して、溶接金属の引張強度と靭性が確保される。さらにワイヤ中に脱酸元素であるSi、Mn、Al、Ti、Mgを適量含有させることにより、溶接時の溶接金属中の酸素及び拡散性水素に起因する溶接金属の靭性及び延性の低下を防止し、且つ、y割れ溶接試験での割れ停止温度を150℃以下に低減できるフラックス入りワイヤが提案されている。
また、本発明者らによる特許文献2では、引張強度950MPa級以上の超高張力鋼の溶接において、特に、100℃の予熱温度で溶接できるように、フラックス中にMgを添加して溶接金属の拡散性水素量を低減し、高靭性で耐低温割れ性を向上させた溶接金属を得ることが可能なフラックス入りワイヤが提案されている。
特許文献3では、金属弗化物、金属酸化物を添加した490~780MPa級高張力鋼用のフラックス入りワイヤについて開示されている。しかし、780MPa級を超える強度レベルの高張力鋼に対して問題となる延性低下割れについては、いずれも何ら検討されていない。
特許文献4では、プライマ塗布や錆発生の鋼材の溶接においても、ピットやガス溝等の気孔は発生せずに良好なビードを形成し得る金属弗化物を添加したフラックス入りワイヤについて開示されている。しかし、低強度の溶接材料であるためC、Mnやその他の合金成分を殆ど含有していない上、金属酸化物がフラックス組成の主体であり、延性低下割れ、及び、溶接金属の靭性についても検討されていない。また、金属弗化物は拡散性水素量を低減すると記されているが、金属弗化物の含有量も2.0%以下であり、その低減効果に関する定量的な分析は行われていない。
延性低下割れは、多層盛りの溶接において旧γ粒界が割れることで起こる現象である。超高張力鋼の溶接は、1パスあたりの入熱を制限することが望ましいことから多層盛り溶接で行われる。多層盛り溶接では、先に形成された溶接金属が次の溶接パスにより再加熱を受ける。その際、主としてCとSが旧γ粒界に偏析し、それにより脆化した旧γ粒界が、冷却される際に生じる熱収縮によって割れることで起こる。
このような延性低下割れは、通常の高張力鋼の溶接金属では見られないが、950MPaを超える超高張力鋼の溶接金属では、強度・靭性を確保するために、溶接金属を高合金にすることでマルテンサイト組織とせざるを得ず、そのような溶接金属では延性低下割れの発生が顕著となる。
従って、このような超高張力鋼が広く使用されるようになるためには、優れた強度、靭性、伸びを有する溶接金属が得られるフラックス入り溶接ワイヤが強く要求される。
しかし、特許文献1、2、3、4では、引張強度950MPa級以上の高張力鋼の溶接において問題となる延性低下割れについては、いずれも何ら検討されておらず、その解決が望まれている。また、その鋼の溶接時に、予熱温度の一層の低減も望まれている。
一方、本発明で問題としている延性低下割れとは、例えば、非特許文献1に定義されているような、旧γ粒界のミクロ単位の局所的な延性の不足による割れであり、特許文献1で用いられている延性とは定義が異なる。実際、本発明において、延性の評価指標は、後述の実施例に示されるように室温で行う引張試験における破断伸びである。
本発明者らは、延性低下割れを抑制することを目的に種々検討した結果、鋼製外皮の内部にフラックスが充填されたフラックス入りワイヤにおいて、950MPa以上の溶接金属に要求される強度・靭性を確保するのに必要なフラックス配合・合金成分範囲で、金属弗化物とC、Mn及び、Vとを特定の条件でワイヤに添加することで、延性低下割れを抑制でき、優れた破断伸びが得られることを見出し、その知見を基にさらに検討を加えて本発明に到達した。
すなわち、本発明の要旨を好ましい実施形態とともに示すと、以下のとおりである。
Ceq=[C]+[Si]/24+[Mn]/6+[Ni]/40+
[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/14 ・・・(a)
但し、[]付元素は、それぞれの元素の質量%での含有量を表す。
さらに、マルテンサイト変態であるため、Cは固溶した状態となっており、このような溶接金属が、多層盛り溶接の際に再熱を受けると、Cが粗大な旧γ粒界へ偏析し、顕著な脆化を引き起こす。同様にSも多層盛り溶接の際の再熱によって旧γ粒界へ偏析し、脆化を引き起こす。その状態で、冷却される際に生じる熱収縮によって、旧γ粒界に割れが生じることで延性低下割れが発生する。
本発明者らは、後述する実施例に示す例と同様に、ワイヤの成分を調整し、最終のワイヤ径がφ1.2mmのシームレスのフラックス入りワイヤを作製した。作製したワイヤでは、特にC、Mn、Vの含有量と金属弗化物及び金属酸化物の含有量とを変化させた。
このフラックス入りワイヤを用い、950MPa級の鋼板1の突き合わせ溶接を実施し、得られた溶接金属からJIS Z3111(1986年)に準拠したA1号の丸棒引張り試験片を採取し、室温にて引張試験を行って、溶接金属の引張強度、破断伸びを評価した。
また、図2より、ワイヤ中のMn含有量が1%を下回る範囲では、破断伸びはワイヤ中のC含有量の増加とともに減少する。一方、ワイヤ中のMn含有量が1%以上の範囲では、ワイヤ中のC含有量が0.07%あたりまではMn量が少ない場合と同様の傾向を示すが、それを超えると、逆にワイヤ中のC含有量の増加とともに破断伸びが急激に増加するようになる。ワイヤ中のC含有量0.080%以上では、12%以上の優れた破断伸びを示すようになることがわかった。
(i)フラックスに金属弗化物を特定の範囲で添加するとともに、金属酸化物との間に特定の関係が成り立つように添加することで、凝固時にSを酸化物にトラップさせて固溶S量を低減し、再熱時に旧γ粒界へのSの偏析を抑制することにより、延性低下割れの抑制に効果があったものと考えられる。
この推察は、図4A、4B~図6A~6Dに示すような実験結果に基づいている。
一方、図5A、5Bは、本発明のワイヤ(すなわち、金属弗化物を特定の範囲で添加するとともに、金属酸化物との間に特定の関係が成り立つように金属弗化物を添加したワイヤ)で溶接した後の結果の一例を、2個の酸化物A、Bについて図4A、4Bと同様に示したものである。EDS分析の結果から、この例では酸化物の表層にSが検出され、明瞭に存在していることがわかる。
これらの結果より、本発明のワイヤで溶接した溶接金属は、凝固過程において酸化物表層にSが多く取り込まれることで、固溶Sが大幅に低下し、Sが旧γ粒界に偏析することが抑制され、これによって延性低下割れの抑制に効果があったと考えられる。
先ず、実施例のフラックス入りワイヤを構成する鋼製外皮およびフラックス中に含有される合金成分、金属脱酸成分およびその他の各成分の含有量の限定理由について説明する。
以下の説明において、「%」は特に説明がない限り、「質量%」を意味し、各成分の含有量は、ワイヤ全質量に対する鋼製外皮およびフラックス中の各成分の質量%の合計となる成分含有量を意味するものとする。
溶接金属の引張強度が950MPa以上となると、組織はマルテンサイト主体組織となる。マルテンサイト組織の強度に及ぼすCの影響は大きく、溶接ワイヤ中のC含有量が多いほど溶接金属中のC含有量も増加し、溶接金属の強度を高めることができる。
さらに、Mn、Vを本発明範囲で複合添加した場合は、旧γ粒内で炭化物が微細に分散して析出し、溶接金属内の強度差を小さくすることができる。これによって、加工時に溶接金属が均一に塑性変形するようになるため、破断伸びを向上させることができる。
これら効果を得るためには、Cは0.080%超含有する必要がある。ただし、0.200%を超えてCを含有すると、靭性の劣化が顕著となるため好ましくない。また、強度と破断伸びとを安定して確保するには、Cの下限を0.090%超、0.100%超、又は0.110%超としてもよく、C上限を、0.180%、0.160%又は、0.140%としてもよい。
Siは、脱酸元素であり、溶接金属のO量を低減して清浄度を高めるために、0.05%以上の含有が必要である。ただし、1.50%を超えて含有させると溶接金属の靱性を劣化させるため、Si含有量は0.05~1.50%とする。また、溶接金属の靭性を安定して確保するには、Siの下限を0.20%、0.30%又は0.40%としてもよく、Siの上限は、1.20%、1.00%又は0.80%としてもよい。
Mnは、Cと引力相互作用を持っており、Cの旧γ粒界への偏析を抑制することで延性低下割れの抑制に効果がある。また、本発明の成分範囲内では、旧γ粒内での微細な炭化物の生成を促進し、溶接金属内の強度差を小さくすることで、破断伸びを向上させる効果もある。
その効果を確実に発揮するためには、1.0%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、2.2%を超えて含有させると、溶接金属中に残留オーステナイトが過剰に生成するようになる。残留オーステナイト内ではCが濃化しており、その状態で溶接による再熱を受けると、残留オーステナイトであったところで炭化物が過剰に生成し、顕著な脆化を引き起こす。
このため、Mn含有量は1.0~2.2%とする。また、破断伸びを向上する効果を安定して確保するには、Mnの下限を1.2%、1.3%又は1.4%としてもよく、Mnの上限は、2.0%又は1.8%としてもよい。
Pは不純物元素であり、溶接金属の靱性と延性とを阻害するため極力低減する必要がある。靱性と延性とへの悪影響が許容できる範囲として、P含有量は0.020%以下とする。靭性と延性との一層の向上のため、Pの上限を0.015%又は0.010%に制限してもよい。Pの下限を制限する必要はなく、その下限は、0%としてもよい。
Sも不純物元素であり、延性低下割れの発生を促進させ、さらに、過大に存在すると靱性と延性とをともに劣化させるため、極力低減することが好ましい。靱性、延性への悪影響が許容できる範囲として、S含有量は0.020%以下とする。靭性の一層の向上のため、Sの上限を0.015%、0.010%又は0.008%に制限してもよい。Sの下限を制限する必要はなく、その下限は、0%としてもよい。
Alは脱酸元素であり、Siと同様、溶接金属中のO低減、清浄度向上に効果があり、その効果を発揮するために0.001%以上含有させる。一方、0.400%を超えて含有させると、窒化物や酸化物を形成して、溶接金属の靱性を阻害するため、その含有量を0.001~0.400%とする。また、溶接金属の靭性を向上する効果を十分に得るには、Alの下限を0.0012%、又は0.0015%としてもよく、また、粗大酸化物の生成抑制のため、Alの上限を、0.200%、0.100%又は0.080%としてもよい。
Niは固溶靱化(固溶により靭性を高める作用)により組織、成分によらず靱性を向上できる唯一の元素であり、特に、引張強度が950MPa以上の高強度の溶接金属で靱性を高めるのに有効な元素である。
固溶靱化効果を得るためには1.0%以上含有させることが好ましい。Ni含有量が多いほど靱性を向上する上で有利であるが、含有量が9.0%を超えると、その効果が飽和するのに加え、溶接ワイヤの製造コストが過大となるため、好ましくない。そのため、Niを含有させる場合の含有量を1.0~9.0%とする。なお、Niの効果が確実に靭性向上に寄与するためには、Niの下限を1.4%、1.6%、2.1%とするのがよい。また、Niは高価な元素であり、その上限を7.0%、6.0%又は4.8%に制限してもよい。
Vは溶接凝固時の偏析が少なく、比較的、溶接金属内で均一に分散して存在し、再熱を受けた際に固溶Cをトラップして炭化物を形成することで、旧γ粒界へのCの偏析を抑制することで、超高強度の溶接金属で発生する延性低下割れの抑制に効果がある。さらに、本発明の成分範囲内では、旧γ粒内で微細な炭化物を形成して析出し、溶接金属内の強度差を小さくするため、破断伸びを向上する効果を持つ。
その効果を得るには、0.050%超含有させる必要がある。V含有量が多いほど、延性低下割れの抑制効果は大きいが、含有量が0.300%を超えると、その効果が飽和するのに加え、靭性を劣化させるため好ましくない。なお、延性低下割れの抑制効果を高めるために、Vの下限を0.060%、0.080%、0.100%、0.120%としても良く、また、Vによる靭性劣化を抑制するために、Vの上限を0.280%、0.250%、0.230%と制限してもよい。
Cuは、ワイヤの外皮表面のめっき、および、フラックスに単体または合金として添加され、Cの旧γ粒内への偏析を抑制し、延性低下割れの抑制に効果がある。それらの効果を得るために、0.800%以下含有させてもよい。一方、含有量が0.800%を超えると靭性が低下する。そのため、Cuを含有させる場合の含有量は、0.800%以下とする。
なお、Cuの含有量については、外皮自体やフラックス中に含有されている分に加えて、ワイヤ表面に銅めっきされる場合にはその分も含む。より安定してCuの効果を得るには、Cuの上限を、0.600%、0.500%、又は0.400%としてもよい。Cuの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。必要があれば、その下限を0.050%又は0.100%としてもよい。
Crは、焼入性を高めることにより高強度化に有効な元素である。その効果を得るために、Crを0.1%以上含有させてもよい。一方、Crを2.5%を超えて過剰に含有させると、ベイナイトやマルテンサイトを不均一に硬化させ、靱性を劣化させるため、Crを含有させる場合の含有量は、2.5%以下とする。より安定してCrの効果を得るには、Crの上限を、2.0%、1.8%、1.6%又は1.4%としてもよい。Crの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。
Moは、焼入性向上元素でありかつ、微細炭化物を形成して、析出強化により引張強度確保に有効である。これらの効果を発揮するために、Moを0.1%含有させてもよい。一方、2.0%を超えて溶接ワイヤ中に含有させると、粗大な析出物が生じて溶接金属の靭性を劣化させるため、溶接ワイヤ中にMoを含有させる場合の含有量は2.0%以下とする。より安定してMoの効果を得るには、Moの上限を、1.8%、1.6%、1.4%又は1.2%としてもよい。Moの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。
TiもAlと同様、脱酸元素として有効であり、溶接金属中のO量を低減させる効果がある。また、固溶Nを固定して靱性への悪影響を緩和するためにも有効である。これら効果を発揮させるために、0.005%以上含有させてもよい。ただし、溶接ワイヤ中の含有量が0.300%を超えて過剰になると、粗大な酸化物の形成に起因した靱性劣化、過度な析出強化による靱性劣化が生じる可能性が大きくなる。
このため、溶接ワイヤ中にTiを含有させる場合の含有量を0.300%以下とする。Tiの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。また、Tiによる溶接金属の靭性向上効果を十分に得るには、Tiの上限は、0.200%、0.100%又は0.050%としてもよい。
Nbは微細炭化物を形成して、析出強化により引張強度確保に有効である。これらの効果を得るために、他の同様の効果を有する元素との複合効果を考慮しても0.01%以上含有させてもよい。一方、0.05%を超えて含有させると、溶接金属中に過剰に含有され、粗大な析出物を形成して靭性を劣化させるため好ましくない。
そのため、本発明においては、溶接ワイヤ中に含有させる場合の含有量は0.05%以下とする。Nbの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。より安定してNbの効果を得るには、必要に応じて、Nbの上限を、0.04%、又は0.035%としてもよく、Nbの下限を、0.02%、又は0.03%としてもよい。
Bは、溶接金属中に適正量含有させると、固溶Nと結びついてBNを形成して、固溶Nの靭性に対する悪影響を減じる効果があり、また、焼入性を高めて強度向上に寄与する効果もある。これらの効果を得るために、溶接ワイヤ中にBを0.0003%以上含有させてもよい。一方、含有量が0.0100%超になると、溶接金属中のBが過剰となり、粗大なBNやFe23(C、B)6等のB化合物を形成して靭性を逆に劣化させるため、好ましくない。
そこで、Bを含有させる場合は、その含有量を0.0100%以下とする。Bの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。靭性向上のため、Bの上限を、0.0080%、0.0060%、0.0040%、又は0.0030%としてもよく、Bの下限を、0.0004%、又は0.0005%としてもよい。
Mgは強脱酸元素であり、溶接金属中のO量を低減し、溶接金属の延性及び靭性を向上させる。この効果を得るために0.1%以上含有させてもよい。しかし、溶接ワイヤ中のMg含有量が0.8%を超えると、溶接金属中での粗大酸化物の形成による靭性低下が無視できなくなり、また、溶接中のアークの安定性が劣化し、ビード形状を悪化させる原因にもなる。
このため、Mgを含有させる場合には、その含有量を0.8%以下とする。Mgの下限を定める必要はなく、その下限は0%である。溶接作業の安定性の確保のために、Mgの上限を0.7%、又は0.6%としても良く、Mgの下限を、0.2%、又は0.3%としてもよい。
(REM:0~0.0100%)
Ca、REMはいずれも硫化物の構造を変化させ、また溶接金属中での硫化物、酸化物のサイズを微細化して延性及び靭性向上に有効である。その効果を得るために、Ca又はREMを含有してよい。一方、過剰に含有すると、硫化物や酸化物の粗大化を生じ、延性、靭性の劣化を招くため、また、溶接ビード3の形状の劣化、溶接性の劣化の可能性も生じるため、それぞれの上限を、Caでは0.5%、REMでは0.0100%とする。CaとREMの下限を定める必要はなく、それらの下限は0%である。
本発明のフラックス入りワイヤでは、合金成分あるいは金属脱酸成分として以上のように各元素を含有する。溶接金属の引張強度を確保するために、下記a式で表される日本溶接協会(WES)で定める炭素当量Ceqが0.60~1.20%となるように、C、Si、Mn、Ni、Cr、Mo、Vの含有量をさらに調整する。
Ceq=[C]+[Si]/24+[Mn]/6+[Ni]/40+
[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/14 ・・・(a)
但し、[]付元素は、それぞれの元素の質量%での含有量を示す。
実施例のフラックス入りワイヤでは、CaF2、BaF2、SrF2、MgF2の金属弗化物の1種または2種以上含有され、その含有量の合計(α)をワイヤ中に2.0超~8.0%以下とする。
金属弗化物は、溶融池の塩基度を変化させる。溶融池の塩基度を変化させることで、凝固時にSが酸化物にトラップされるのを促進する。酸化物にトラップされるSが増加することで、凝固後の固溶Sが減少する。それによって、溶接金属が再熱を受けた際に旧γ粒界への固溶Sが偏析するのを抑制し、超高強度の溶接金属で発生する延性低下割れを抑制することができる。また、金属弗化物によって塩基度が変化することで、溶接金属の酸素を低減させることにも有効であり、それによって溶接金属の靭性の向上も期待できる。
したがって、これらの金属酸化物の含有量の合計βは、0.01~1.20%とする。これらの金属酸化物の含有量は、TiO2、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3の合計量に加え、フラックスの造粒に使用されるバインダーなどに含まれる上記の金属酸化物も合計した含有量とする。また、金属酸化物の添加による靭性の劣化を極力抑制するために、合計βの上限を1.00%、0.90%、0.80%としてもよい。必要に応じて、合計βの下限を、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%又は0.20%としてもよい。
したがって、鉄粉は添加しなくてもよいが、充填率の調整のために添加する場合には、靭性を確保するために、鉄粉の含有量は5.0%未満に制限する。靭性改善のため、その上限を3.0%、2.0%又は1.0%に制限してもよい。
本発明においては、フラックスにCaOを意図的に添加しないことが好ましい。しかしながら、フラックスの原料にCaOが含有されている場合がある。CaOは、大気に触れることで、CaOHに変化し、溶接金属の拡散性水素を増加させる。超高張力鋼の溶接においては、拡散性水素が増加すると低温割れを抑制するために実施する予熱作業の負荷が増大するため好ましくない。不純物として混入する場合であっても、意図的に添加する場合であっても、ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で、CaOの含有量を0.20%未満とすることが望ましい。このような知見が得られた実験について図8に示す。図8から、CaOが増加するにつれて拡散性水素が増加し、0.15%まででは、拡散性水素が1.0ml/100g以下が得られることがわかった。したがって、予熱作業の負荷増大を抑制するために、CaOは0.15%未満とすることが好ましい。つまり、この範囲を満たすように、フラックスの原料を選定することが好ましい。なお、必要に応じて、CaOの含有量の上限を0.12%、0.10%又は0.08%としてもよい。
また、ワイヤ表面に滑り性を有する潤滑剤を塗布して、溶接時のワイヤの送給性を向上させる方法が一般的に行われている。そのような溶接ワイヤ用の潤滑剤としては、ふっ素系の潤滑油であるパーフルオロポリエーテル油(PFPE油)が利用できる。パーフルオロポリエーテル油は水素源を含まないため、潤滑剤としてワイヤに塗布しても溶接金属の拡散性水素を増加させない。
本発明において、溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張強さは、950MPa以上1500MPaの引張強さを有する超高張力鋼と同等レベルの引張強度としている。溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張強さは、当該のフラックス入りワイヤを用いて製作された溶接継手から溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張試験を行うことで測定できる。また、硬さと引張強さにはよい相関関係があることが知られている。これを利用して、溶接継手の溶接金属又は溶着金属の硬さを測定し、硬さから換算して溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張強さを求めてもよい。また、フラックス入りワイヤが入手できるのであれば、超高張力鋼を用いた溶接継手を製作しなくとも、日本工業規格JIS Z3111-2005に規定された溶着金属の引張試験を行って、溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張強さを求めてもよい。なお、必要があれば、溶接金属又は溶着金属の引張強さの上限を、1400MPa又は1350MPaに制限してもよい。
すなわち、まず、外皮となる鋼帯、及び、金属弗化物、合金成分、金属酸化物、金属炭酸塩及びアーク安定剤が所定の含有量になるように配合したフラックスを準備する。鋼帯を長手方向に送りながら成形ロールによりオープン管(U字型)に成形して鋼製外皮とし、この成形途中でオープン管の開口部からフラックスを供給し、開口部の相対するエッジ面を突合せシーム溶接する。溶接により得られた継目無し管を伸線し、伸線途中あるいは伸線工程完了後に焼鈍処理して、所望の線径を有するシームレスワイヤを得る。また、一部は、シーム溶接をしない継目有りの管とし、それを伸線することでシームを有するワイヤを得る。
鋼帯を長手方向に送りながら成形ロールによりオープン管に成形し、この成形途中でオープン管の開口部からフラックスを供給する。開口部の相対するエッジ面を突合わせシーム溶接することで継目無し管とし、造管したワイヤの伸線作業の途中で焼鈍を加え、最終のワイヤ径がφ1.2mmのフラックス入りワイヤを試作した。また、一部は、シーム溶接をしない継目有りの管とし、それを伸線することで、ワイヤ径がφ1.2mmのフラックス入りワイヤを試作した。試作したフラックス入りワイヤの成分組成を[表1-1]~[表1-5]、[表2-1]~[表2-5]に示す。
得られた機械特性の測定結果と評価結果を[表4-1]~[表4-5]に示す。
なお、機械特性の評価は、引張強度が950MPa以上、破断伸びが12%以上、且つ靭性が、-40℃でのシャルピー衝撃試験で、吸収エネルギーが27J以上であるものを合格とした。
一方、比較例であるワイヤ番号109~160は、フラックス組成、合金成分について本発明で規定する要件を満たしていないため、強度、伸び、靭性を満足できなかったり、溶接作業性不良などにより特性の評価ができなかったりして、いずれも総合判定で不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号128、130は、ワイヤに含まれる金属弗化物が本発明範囲を超えて多かったため、アークが不安定となりビード形状不良のため評価できず不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号124~126、131、132は、金属酸化物の含有量に対する金属弗化物の含有量の比が、本発明範囲よりも小さいため延性低下割れを抑制できずに破断伸びが低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号133、134は、ワイヤに含まれる金属酸化物、及び、鉄粉が本発明範囲を超えて多かったため、溶接金属の酸素量が増加したことで靭性が低下し、不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号135は、ワイヤに含まれる金属炭酸塩が本発明範囲を超えて多かったため、溶接性作業性が悪く不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号147は、金属弗化物中のCaF2の割合が低く、溶接作業性が不良のため評価しなかった。
ワイヤ番号109~110、115~116、136は、Cが本発明範囲よりも少ないため、引張強度が低値となり不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号137は、Cが本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号138は、Siが本発明範囲よりも少ないため、溶接金属の酸素量を低減できず靭性が低下し、不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号139は、Siが本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号111~112、122~123、140は、Mnが本発明範囲よりも少ないため、破断伸びが低値となり不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号117~121、141は、Mnが本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号144は、Alが本発明範囲よりも少ないため、溶接金属の酸素量を低減できず靭性が低下し、不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号145は、Alが本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号146は、Niが本発明範囲よりも少ないため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号113~114、148は、Vが本発明範囲よりも少ないため延性低下割れを抑制できず、破断伸びが低値となり不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号149は、Vが本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号142は、Pが本発明範囲よりも多いため、破断伸びと靱性とが低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号143は、Sが本発明範囲よりも多いため、破断伸びと靱性とが低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号150~158は、Cu、Cr、Mo、Ti、Nb、B、Mg、Ca、REMがそれぞれ本発明範囲よりも多いため、靱性が低値となり不合格となった。
ワイヤ番号159は、Ceqの値が本発明範囲よりも少ないため、引張強度が低値となり不合格となった。また、ワイヤ番号160は、Ceqの値が本発明範囲よりも多いため、靭性が低値となり不合格となった。
本発明例であるワイヤ番号161~170は、強度、伸び、靭性のすべてが優れ、合格であった。一方、比較例であるワイヤ番号171は、金属酸化物が本発明範囲よりも少ないため、溶接ビード3の形状が不良になったため、不合格となった。ワイヤ番号172、173は金属弗化物が少ない、または金属弗化物を含まない比較例であるが、金属弗化物が少ないため拡散性水素が低減されなかった。ワイヤ番号174はソリッドワイヤの比較例であるが、本発明のワイヤほど拡散性水素は低減されない。本発明例であるワイヤ番号175は、不純物としてのCaO含有量が高いフラックスを使用したため、ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で0.28%のCaOが含有されていた。ワイヤ番号175の試験結果は、強度、伸び、靭性のすべてが優れ、合格であった。
[表1-7]、[表2-7]に示す、実施例のワイヤ番号5-2、6-2、30-2、61-2、62-2、90-2は、[表1-1]~[表1~3]の実施例のワイヤ番号5、6、30、61、62、90と同じワイヤである。このワイヤを用いて、JIS Z3111(2005年)に準拠して評価した。溶接条件を[表3-7]に示す。機械特性の測定結果と評価結果を[表4-7]に示す。JIS Z3111(1986年)での評価結果と同様に強度、伸び、靭性のすべてが優れ、合格であった。従って、JIS Z3111-2005とJIS Z3111-1986の評価方法の違いによる特性の差は無い。
[表1-6]に示すワイヤ番号161~175と、[表1-7]に示すワイヤ番号5-2、6-2、30-2、61-2、62-2、90-2においては、フラックス中のCaO含有量の分析を行った。
実施例のワイヤ番号161~164、166、169は、表3-6に示すように溶接継手を作る際の予熱を無しにして溶接を行った。いずれの溶接継手でも低温割れは認められず、本発明のフラックス入りワイヤは、優れた耐低温割れ性を有することが示された。
さらに、試作したワイヤの耐低温割れ性を評価するため、ワイヤ記号161~163、168、170、172~175について耐低温割れ性の評価試験を実施した。耐低温割れ性の評価試験は、雰囲気を温度20℃-湿度60%の一定に管理できる部屋の中で、板厚25mmのTS1180MPa鋼を用いて、機械特性試験と同じ表3の溶接条件でJIS Z 3157(y形溶接割れ試験)に準拠した方法で実施した。表6にy形溶接割れ試験に使用した鋼板の成分と機械特性を示す。得られたy形溶接割れ試験の割れ停止温度を表5に示す。金属弗化物量の少ないワイヤ番号172、173では割れ停止温度が150℃、ソリッドワイヤのワイヤ番号174では割れ停止温度が100℃であるのに対し、本発明ワイヤでは50℃以下であり、本発明ワイヤは、拡散性水素が低減されることで耐低温割れ性にも優れることが示された。本発明ワイヤはフラックス入りワイヤであるため、内包されるフラックスには少なからず結晶水など、水素源となるものを含んでいる。このため、本発明ワイヤの溶接金属の拡散性水素量は、ソリッドワイヤのものより高くなる筈であるが、全く逆の結果であった。本発明ワイヤでの割れ停止温度も、ソリッドワイヤのものより低温となっている。このように拡散性水素量が低下し、割れ停止温度が低温となった理由は、溶接時に弗化物中のフッ素が水素と結合し弗化水素として大気中に放出されるため、溶接金属中の拡散性水素が低下したためと考えられる。つまり、本発明ワイヤを使用することにより、ソリッドワイヤを使用した場合より予熱温度を低くすることができる。
なお、ワイヤ番号175では、CaOの含有量が高かったため、拡散性水素量が高くなり、耐低温割れ性が低下したものと考えられる。このことからも、耐低温割れ性を向上させるためには、CaOの含有量の上限を制限することが望ましいことが判る。
2 裏当金
3 溶接ビード
4 シャルピー試験片(2mmVノッチ)
5 引張り試験片(丸棒)
Claims (6)
- 鋼製外皮の内部にフラックスが充填されたガスシールドアーク溶接用フラックス入りワイヤであって、前記ワイヤ中に、
CaF2、BaF2、SrF2、MgF2のうち1種または2種以上が含有され、その含有量の合計をαとしたとき、前記αがワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で2.0超~8.0%であり、
Ti酸化物、Si酸化物、Mg酸化物、Al酸化物のうち1種または2種以上が含有され、その含有量の合計をβとしたとき、前記βが前記ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で0.01~1.20%であり、
CaCO3、BaCO3、SrCO3、MgCO3の含有量の合計を、前記ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で0.60%未満とし、
前記フラックス中の鉄粉の含有量を、前記ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で5.0%未満であり、
前記αに対する前記CaF2の含有量の比が0.50以上であり、
前記βに対する前記αの比が2.0以上800.0以下であり、
化学成分が、前記ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で:
C:0.080超~0.200%;
Si:0.05~1.50%;
Mn:1.0~2.2%;
Al:0.001~0.400%;
Ni:1.0~9.0%;
V:0.050超~0.300%;
P:0.020%以下;
S:0.020%以下;
Cu:0~0.800%;
Cr:0~2.5%;
Mo:0~2.0%;
Ti:0~0.300%;
Nb:0~0.05%;
B:0~0.0100%;
Mg:0~0.8%;
Ca:0~0.5%;
REM:0~0.0100%;
残部:鉄および不純物;
からなり、
以下のa式で定義されるCeqが0.60~1.20%である
ことを特徴とする超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
Ceq=[C]+[Si]/24+[Mn]/6+[Ni]/40+
[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/14 ・・・(a)
但し、[]付元素は、それぞれの元素の質量%での含有量を表す。 - 前記ワイヤ中のCaOの含有量が、前記ワイヤ全質量に対する質量%で0.15%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
- 前記αに対する前記CaF2の含有量の比が0.90以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
- 前記ワイヤを用いたガスシールドアーク溶接に対する、日本工業規格JIS Z3111-2005に規定された溶着金属の引張試験において、前記溶着金属の引張強度が950MPa以上かつ1500MPa以下となることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
- 前記鋼製外皮にスリット状の隙間が無いことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
- 前記ワイヤの表面にパーフルオロポリエーテル油が塗布されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の超高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ。
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US (1) | US9259806B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2848355B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5440744B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101535399B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104271310B (ja) |
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- 2013-05-02 WO PCT/JP2013/062754 patent/WO2013168670A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2015068261A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 溶接継手の製造方法 |
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JP2016209931A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | リンカーン グローバル, インコーポレイテッドLincoln Global, Inc. | 改良された溶接法 |
KR20180108731A (ko) | 2016-03-08 | 2018-10-04 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 플럭스 코어드 와이어, 용접 조인트의 제조 방법, 및 용접 조인트 |
US11331742B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2022-05-17 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Flux-cored wire, manufacturing method of welded joint, and welded joint |
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JPWO2018087812A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-08 | 2019-09-26 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | フラックス入りワイヤ、溶接継手の製造方法、及び溶接継手 |
US11400539B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2022-08-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Flux-cored wire, manufacturing method of welded joint, and welded joint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2848355A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
KR101535399B1 (ko) | 2015-07-08 |
JP2014079807A (ja) | 2014-05-08 |
JP5565518B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
US9259806B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
EP2848355A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
JP5440744B1 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
CN104271310B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
EP2848355B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
CN104271310A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
JPWO2013168670A1 (ja) | 2016-01-07 |
KR20140133616A (ko) | 2014-11-19 |
US20150117937A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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