WO2013163782A1 - 爬坡式应急制动系统 - Google Patents

爬坡式应急制动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013163782A1
WO2013163782A1 PCT/CN2012/000707 CN2012000707W WO2013163782A1 WO 2013163782 A1 WO2013163782 A1 WO 2013163782A1 CN 2012000707 W CN2012000707 W CN 2012000707W WO 2013163782 A1 WO2013163782 A1 WO 2013163782A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
rod
connecting rod
brake assembly
automobile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000707
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴明文
Original Assignee
Dai Mingwen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dai Mingwen filed Critical Dai Mingwen
Priority to JP2015509273A priority Critical patent/JP2015516918A/ja
Priority to GB1421327.6A priority patent/GB2517350A/en
Publication of WO2013163782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013163782A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/12Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting otherwise than by retarding wheels, e.g. jet action
    • B60T1/14Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting otherwise than by retarding wheels, e.g. jet action directly on road
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automotive brake system. Background technique
  • the tire brake system is divided into five categories:
  • the service brake system It is used in driving and through the foot brake device, the brake is usually installed on all the tires; the disadvantage is: despite the ABS anti-lock device, the tire will also be in emergency braking
  • the trailing marks are left on the road surface.
  • the length of the trailing marks is proportional to the speed of the vehicle. It is impossible to shorten the sliding distance when the vehicle brakes, and especially in the emergency state, although the driver has already implemented the emergency service brake, it cannot be forced. The car stopped moving forward.
  • the parking brake system is to prevent the car from slipping after parking and through the hand brake device, the conventional brake is installed on the transmission shaft behind the transmission or the transfer case;
  • the emergency braking system is used in mountainous vehicles, through independent pipelines, parallel to the brakes installed on the tires; the disadvantage is: still through the tire system to achieve, the braking distance is still long, can not reach Ideal state.
  • the safety brake system is used when the car brake pressure is insufficient, so that the car can not drive;
  • Auxiliary braking system It is to protect the service brake system when the car is going downhill. The way of engine exhaust braking;
  • the airbag emergency system can prevent the car from advancing to a certain extent when it is in effect, the car is always in parallel with the road surface, and does not change the position of the center of gravity of the car and the position of the inertial force in the body position of the driver and passenger. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a road surface that can overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and can overcome the existing brake system, and can reduce the braking distance more effectively, and can apply any road surface, and can be made in a shorter braking distance and a shorter braking time.
  • the car is a rock climbing emergency braking system that is stopped by a flexible stop.
  • a climbing type emergency braking system comprising a starting pedal, a transmission assembly and a brake assembly, the starting pedal is disposed under the cockpit, and the transmission assembly comprises an internal push rod connected to the pedal at one end
  • the transmission assembly comprises an internal push rod connected to the pedal at one end
  • the resetting device is also arranged on the inner push rod, a linkage rod connected with the automobile brake assembly, the linkage rod is disposed under the chassis of the automobile engine compartment parallel to the vehicle beam, and the resetting device is arranged at the left and right ends of the linkage rod
  • a connecting hole is arranged, the upper changing rod is fixed by the bolt, the axial movement between the inner pushing rod and the upper changing rod, and the other end of the upper changing rod is connected with the linkage rod
  • the brake assembly includes a connecting rod and a sector brake, the front end of the sector brake is provided with a brake plough, and the curved bottom edge of the sector brake is uniformly provided with a brake claw, and the brake assembly comprises two sets of front brake components and at least
  • the shaft is connected with the connecting rod of the front brake assembly to form a rotating end of the connecting rod, and the left and right end points of the connecting rod are respectively set.
  • the support table supports the rotation end of the connecting rod.
  • the linkage rod rotates, the support table rotates counterclockwise with the linkage rod to disengage from the position supported by the rotation end of the connecting rod, and a connection is also connected to the upper part of the connecting rod of the front brake.
  • Anti-rebound rod the other end of the anti-rebound rod is attached to the frame. The addition of anti-rebound rod can make the connecting rod elastically deform so that the car can be flexibly stopped.
  • the rear brake assembly is set under the rear chassis of the car, and the rear chassis of the car
  • the rear brake assembly naturally hangs down, and the lower end of the rear brake assembly is higher than the road surface.
  • the anti-rebounding rod comprises a push rod welded to the frame, and the other end of the push rod is connected with a casing, the upper end of the casing is closed and the outer end of the upper end is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with a screw cap provided with an internal thread
  • the lower end of the casing is open and the main body thereof is vertically penetrated, and a leaf spring is arranged on the left and right sides of the casing, and two openings are opened at the upper end of the casing, and the top end of the leaf spring protrudes from the two openings
  • the part is limited by the screw cap, and a rack piece is further disposed on the inner side of the left and right leaf springs; the brake connecting rod is initially caught by the outermost end of the rack piece when the brake is in contact with the ground.
  • the connecting rod is moved by the force to the teeth at the inner end of the rack, so that the connecting rod can achieve stepwise force deformation and prevent it from rebounding.
  • the cap is loosened, the top of the leaf spring is free from the limit, and the rack piece in the housing is displaced outward with the leaf spring, and the connecting rod can be released at this time.
  • the inner push rod is connected to the same linkage rod, and the connection method is also the same.
  • the climbing type emergency braking system further includes a starting plate disposed in front of the bumper of the automobile head, the starting plate is in the shape of a rectangular plate, and two external push rods are connected to the inner side of the starting plate near the two ends, two The other end of the push rod is provided with a connecting hole.
  • the connecting hole is fixed with a lower changing rod through the pin, the outer pushing rod and the lower changing rod are axially moved, and the other end of the lower changing rod is connected with the connecting rod. .
  • the front end of the sector brake is slotted, and the brake plough is inserted into the slot and fixed by a pin.
  • Elastic means is also attached to the rotating end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the elastic means is fixed on the frame.
  • the elastic means is in a compressed state in a state where the supporting table supports the rotating end of the connecting rod.
  • the curved bottom edge of the sector brake is provided with a claw hole, the brake claw is inserted into the claw hole to have an interference fit or the claw hole is provided with an internal thread, and the brake claw is provided with an external thread for threading.
  • At least one touch bar is also provided on the outside of the activation plate.
  • the obstacle first comes into contact with the touch bar.
  • the brake can be activated by the starter plate, which increases the effective braking time of the brake.
  • the climbing type emergency braking system further includes a lifting device, the lifting device is a hand-cranked jack, the hand-cranking jack includes a rocker and two top-connecting bracket legs, and the top plate is provided at the connected position, two Positioning teeth are evenly arranged on the legs of the bracket, and pulleys are arranged on the lower part of the legs; the outer surface of the rocker is provided with two-way threads.
  • the self-hanging nut is provided with a hook, and the hook is hung on the positioning tooth.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the cockpit starting pedal, the auxiliary starting pedal of the passenger cockpit or the starting plate of the front of the vehicle can make the sector brakes of the two front brake components flexibly contact with the road surface and lift the front part of the vehicle through the transmission component.
  • the two front wheels of the car are removed from the road; after reaching the commanding height, the sector brakes of the rear brake components located behind the rear frame of the car are in contact with the ground, and the rear end of the car is lifted, so that the two rear wheels of the car are separated from the ground;
  • the inertial force is fully absorbed by more than three sector-shaped friction devices, and the furrow effect is exerted on the road surface, so that the car stops moving forward.
  • the advantages of the present invention in comparison with the service brake system are: driving in a dangerous situation, the vehicle can be stopped at a relatively short braking distance and a short braking time; the positive effect is to reduce the occurrence or decrease of traffic accidents. Personal injury and death caused by traffic accidents and property damage. DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a connection structural diagram between the inner push rod and the linkage rod of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural view of the brake assembly
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure between the reinforcing plate, the limiting plate and the brake assembly;
  • Figure 5 is a connection diagram between the linkage rod and the front brake assembly;
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of the anti-rebound rod;
  • Figure 7 is a connection diagram of the connection structure between the external push rod and the linkage rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a state process diagram of the emergency braking of the vehicle equipped with the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing the state change of the brake assembly of Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 is a structural view of a hand-operated jack
  • the utility model as shown in Fig. 1 comprises an activation device, a transmission assembly and a brake assembly which are arranged on a vehicle frame (1).
  • the activation device comprises a cockpit start pedal (2) and a starter pedal of the passenger cockpit ( 2) And the starter board (3) in front of the car head bumper. All three starting devices can be started independently through the drive assembly Moving components.
  • the transmission assembly includes an inner push rod (4) connected at one end to the cockpit activation pedal (2), and a return spring on the inner push rod, a linkage rod (6) connected to the vehicle brake assembly, and the linkage rod parallel
  • the automobile beam is arranged under the chassis of the automobile engine compartment, and the return springs are arranged at the left and right ends of the linkage rod.
  • the front end of the inner push rod (4) is provided with a connecting hole (13), and the connecting hole is fixed with an upper deflecting rod (12) through the bolt (10), the inner push rod (4) and the upper direction changing rod (12) The axial movement is between, and the other end of the upper deflection rod is welded with the linkage rod (6).
  • the brake assembly shown in FIG. 3 includes a connecting rod (31) and a sector brake (32), the front end of the sector brake is provided with a brake plough (33), and the curved bottom edge of the sector brake is hooked
  • the brake pawl (34) is provided with a claw hole on the curved bottom edge of the sector brake, and a screw connection or a snap connection between the claw hole and the brake claw.
  • the brake assembly includes two sets of front brake assemblies and at least one set of rear brake assemblies. The structure of the front brake assembly and the rear brake assembly are substantially the same, except that the connecting rod of the front brake assembly is longer than the rear brake. The length of the component connecting rod.
  • the two sets of front brake components are respectively disposed under the front end of the left and right beam of the automobile, and a reinforcing plate is arranged below the girders. As shown in Fig. 4, two rigid blocks spaced apart from each other are provided below the reinforcing plate (41). Positioning plate (42), the orientation of the two limiting plates is the same as the front and rear direction of the automobile, and a bearing (43) is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the two limiting plates, and a shaft (44) is arranged between the two bearings, and the shaft is provided with The connecting rods of the front brake assembly are connected to form the rotating end of the connecting rod.
  • the left and right end points of the linkage rod are each provided with a support table (51), When the linkage rod does not rotate, the support platform supports the rotation end of the connecting rod. When the linkage rod rotates, the support table rotates counterclockwise with the linkage rod to disengage from the position supported by the rotation end of the connecting rod, and is also rotated on the rotating end of the connecting rod.
  • a torsion spring (52) is disposed, and the other end of the torsion spring (52) is fixed on the frame. In a state where the support table supports the rotating end of the connecting rod, the torsion spring (52) is in a compressed state, and is detached from the supporting platform. When the position is supported, the torsion spring can act to accelerate the drop of the front brake assembly.
  • An anti-rebound rod is also connected to the upper part of the connecting rod of the front brake, and the other end of the anti-rebounding rod is connected to the frame.
  • the addition of the anti-rebound rod can make the connecting rod elastically deform so that the car can be flexibly stopped without rebounding the car.
  • the anti-rebound rod shown in FIG. 6 includes a push rod (61) connected to the frame, and the other end of the push rod is connected with a casing (62), the upper end of the casing is closed and the outer end of the upper end is provided with an external thread.
  • the external thread is matched with a screw cap (63) having an internal thread, the lower end of the housing is open and the main body thereof is vertically penetrated, and a leaf spring (64) is disposed on the left and right sides of the housing, and two openings are formed at the upper end of the housing.
  • the top end of the leaf spring protrudes from the two openings, and the extended portion is limited by the screw cap, and a rack piece (65) is further disposed on the inner side of the left and right leaf springs; the brake connecting rod is initially The outermost end of the rack piece is stuck.
  • the connecting rod When the brake is in contact with the ground, the connecting rod is moved by the force to the tooth at the inner end of the rack, so that the connecting rod can realize stepwise force deformation and prevent it from rebounding. .
  • the cap is loosened, the top of the leaf spring is free from the limit, and the rack piece in the housing is displaced outward with the leaf spring, and the connecting rod can be released at this time.
  • the rear brake assembly is arranged under the rear chassis of the automobile, and a reinforcing plate is arranged under the rear chassis of the automobile, and two limit positions which are perpendicular to each other are arranged below the reinforcing plate.
  • the orientation of the two limit plates is the same as the front and rear direction of the car.
  • the two inner sides of the two limit plates are respectively provided with a bearing.
  • a shaft is arranged between the two bearings, and the shaft is connected with the connecting rod of the rear brake assembly to form a connection. At the rotating end of the rod, the rear brake assembly naturally hangs down, and the lowermost end of the rear brake assembly is higher than the road surface.
  • the starter pedal (2) of the co-cockpit is connected to another inner push rod, and the inner push rod is also provided with a resetting device, and the inner push rod is connected with the inner push rod in the main cockpit by the same linkage rod, and the connection manner is also Consistent.
  • the climbing type emergency braking system further includes a starting plate (3) disposed in front of the bumper of the automobile head, the starting plate is in the shape of a rectangular plate, and two external push rods are connected to the inner side of the starting plate near the two ends. (5).
  • the other end of the two external push rods is provided with a connecting hole, as shown in Fig. 7:
  • the connecting hole (71) is fixed with a lower deflecting rod (73) through a bolt (72), and the outer push rod and the lower deflecting rod The axial movement is between the other, and the other end of the lower deflection rod is connected with the linkage rod (6).
  • the hand-cranked jack includes a rocker (85) and two top-connecting bracket legs (81), and a top plate (80) is provided at the connected position, the top plate (80) Corresponding to the top plate (11) on the frame of the automobile, the two legs are evenly provided with positioning teeth (82), and the lower legs of the two legs are provided with pulleys (87); the outer surface of the rocker is provided with two-way threads.
  • a rocker (83) is arranged at one end of the rocker, and two left and right self-suspending nuts (86) are arranged on the rocker. The self-hanging nut is provided with a hook, and the hook is hung on the positioning tooth.
  • the lifting step is: Lift the front of the car for use with the jack, After the front brake is reset, the front of the car is lowered to bring the tire into contact with the ground.
  • the driver can activate the invention by means of a pedal device
  • the invention may be activated by a linkage mounted at the position of the passenger's foot;
  • the activation board located in front of the bumper of the automobile head, when the object is in contact with the obstacle, simultaneously activates the invention
  • the front brake components located on the lower sides of the front frame of the car are in instant contact with the road surface
  • Fig. 8 The state process diagram of the vehicle emergency brake equipped with the present invention is shown in Fig. 8, and Fig. 9 is a corresponding state diagram of the brake assembly. Structural features of the invention -
  • the physical bionic collision device is a model that resembles a cat's beard. When the cat catches a mouse along the wall, it never hits the wall. It corresponds to the structure of the activation plate in front of the car head bumper of the present invention.
  • the fan-shaped brake at the rear of the car is in contact with the road surface;
  • the principle of "cylinder downhill” is that the truck full of cargo is usually in front of the driver when descending the slope, and both hands push the two handlebars of the cart to the sky, making The tail of the tailgate should be in contact with the road as much as possible, so that the low speed of the truck can be lowered downhill without causing danger.
  • the principle of "the cliff” is: The speed of galloping horses can reach more than 60 kilometers per hour. To stop quickly, you must force Put away the reins, raise the horse's head into the air, and lift the two front hooves off the ground. At this time, the horse can be raised to 70 degrees above the ground, and the center of gravity is quickly displaced to the horse's hind legs. Therefore, it is the easiest for the rider to roll down. Come, usually, the horse can stop within 5 meters.
  • Leonado da Vinci (1452- 1519) was the first to propose the basic concept of friction.
  • French scientist Amontons conducted the laboratory and established the law of friction.
  • Coulomb developed the work of Amontons on the basis of further experiments. From these initial studies, four classical friction experiences are obtained as follows: Law 1 , friction is proportional to load; Law 2, friction coefficient is independent of apparent contact area; Law 3, static friction coefficient is greater than dynamic friction coefficient; Law 4, friction coefficient Independent of the sliding speed.
  • the claws, ploughs and pavements of the brake assembly of the present invention have a “furrow” effect, thereby forming a strong resistance;
  • furrow effect refers to the roughness of hard metal After the peak is embedded in the soft metal, the soft metal is pushed on the slide to plastically flow and plow a groove.
  • the resistance to the furrow effect is a component of the frictional force, which is a major component of friction in abrasive wear and abrasive wear.
  • the strong inertial force makes the connecting rod of the sector brake elastically deform and absorbs the inertial force flexibly.
  • the brake connecting rod can make the car when the elastic deformation reaches the pole. Does not rebound; Corresponding anti-rebound device can keep the connecting rod deformed.
  • an auxiliary lifting tool like a hand jack is used to relieve the effective state of the invention, so that the car is lowered from the climbing state to all the tires and the road surface.
  • a hand jack is used to relieve the effective state of the invention, so that the car is lowered from the climbing state to all the tires and the road surface.
  • Contacted parking state at the same time, it is convenient to put away or replace the sector brake device;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Elements And Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种爬坡式应急制动系统,包括启动装置、传动组件以及制动组件,所述制动组件包括连接杆(31)与扇形制动器(32),所述扇形制动器(32)前端设有制动犁(33),扇形制动器(32)的弧形底边上均匀设有制动爪(34),所述的制动组件包括两组前制动组件(8)和至少一组后制动组件(9),前制动组件(8)与后制动组件的结构基本一致,区别仅在于前制动组件(8)的连接杆长于后制动组件(9)连接杆的长度,启动装置通过传动组件可以使得两块前扇形制动器(32)与路面柔性接触,并抬升汽车前部,使汽车两前轮离开路面;达到制高点后,位于汽车尾部车架后下方的扇形制动器(32)与地面接触,并抬升汽车尾部,使汽车两后轮与地面分离;此时汽车强大的惯性力被至少三个扇形摩擦装置全部呈柔性吸收,使得汽车停止。

Description

爬坡式应急制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车制动系统。 背景技术
目前, 公知的汽车制动系统大部分是通过轮胎制动,如鼓刹和碟 刹, 轮胎制动系统分为五类:
一、行车制动系统: 是在行车中使用并通过脚制动装置, 制动器 通常是安装在全部的轮胎上; 不足点是:尽管有 ABS防抱死装置, 但 是轮胎在紧急制动时还会在路面上留下拖痕,拖痕的长度与车速呈正 比,无法缩短汽车刹车时已经制动状态下的滑动距离, 尤其在紧急状 态下,尽管驾驶员已经实施紧急行车制动但仍然无法迫使汽车停止前 进。
二、驻车制动系统: 是在停车后防止汽车滑溜使用并通过手制动 装置, 常规制动器安装在变速器或分动器后的传动轴上;
三、 紧急制动系统; 是山区汽车上使用, 通过独立的管路, 并行 共用安装在轮胎上的制动器;不足点是:仍然是通过轮胎系统来实现, 制动距离仍然较长, 达不到理想状态。
四、 安全制动系统: 是汽车制动气压压力不足时使用, 使汽车无 法行驶;
五、 辅助制动系统: 是在汽车长下坡时为保护行车制动系统, 通 过发动机排气制动的方式;
现在还有不通过轮胎系统应急制动系统,例如互联网上已经有报 道: 奔驰公司于 2011年 05月已经开发出 "不通过轮胎系统应急制动 方式的, 底盘气囊应急制动系统", 该公司将 "底盘气囊应急系统" 已经运用到概念车上,计划三年后安装在 S级奔驰车上。这种不足点 是:
1、尽管气囊应急系统生效时, 能够在一定程度上阻止汽车前进, 但是, 汽车始终与路面处于平行状态, 没有改变汽车重心位置以及驾 乘人员所受惯性力方向在身体上的位置上的改变。
2、 摩擦效果有局限, 该种技术是通过增加摩擦面积来提高摩擦 力的, 而摩擦力的大小并不是完全与接触面积成正比, 而是取决于单 位面积上的荷载,通俗来讲就是:气囊应急系统原理之一就是运用"增 加接触面积"来实现, 该效果有限。
3、 气囊应急系统, 适用范围以及应用效果是与路面的粗糙度呈 正比; 通俗来讲, 首先沙石路面效果最佳; 其次是新的水泥混凝土、 沥青路面, 效果一般; 再次雨天路面效果较差; 最后结冰路面、 积雪 路面效果甚微。
根据《中华人民共和国国家标准》 GB 12676-1999 汽车制动系结 构、性能和试验方法, 第二页, 4. 1. 4. 2应急制动必须在行车制动只 有一处失效的情况下, 在适当的一段距离内使车辆停住; 应急制动必 须是可控制的,应使驾驶员在其座位上至少有一只手握住方向盘的情 况下就可以实现的制动。 发明内容
本发明的发明目的是为了客服背景技术中的缺点, 提供一种 可以克服现有制动系统无法更有效缩短刹车距离且适用任何路 面, 可以在较短制动距离、 较短制动时间内使汽车呈柔性停下来 的爬坡式应急制动系统。
本发明采用的技术方案是: 一种爬坡式应急制动系统, 包括 启动踏板、传动组件以及制动组件, 启动踏板设置在驾驶舱下方, 所述传动组件包括一端与踏板连接的内推杆, 在内推杆上还设有 复位装置, 与汽车制动组件连接的联动杆, 联动杆平行于汽车横 梁设置在汽车发动机舱底盘下方,联动杆左右两端设有复位装置; 内推杆前端设有连接孔, 连接孔上通过插销固定有上变向杆, 内 推杆与上变向杆之间呈轴向运动,上变向杆另一端与联动杆悍接, 所述制动组件包括连接杆与扇形制动器, 所述扇形制动器前端设 有制动犁, 扇形制动器的弧形底边上均匀设有制动爪, 所述的制 动组件包括两组前制动组件和至少一组后制动组件, 前制动组件 与后制动组件的结构基本一致, 区别仅在于前制动组件的连接杆 长于后制动组件连接杆的长度, 两组前制动组件分别设置在汽车 左右大梁前端的下方, 在大梁下方设有加强板, 在加强板下方设 有与其垂直的相互之间有间隔的两块限位板, 两块限位板间隔的 朝向和汽车前后方向一致, 两块限位板内侧中部各设有一轴承, 两个轴承之间设有轴, 该轴与前制动组件的连接杆连接形成连接 杆的转动端, 联动杆的左右端点各设有一支撑台, 在联动杆未发 生转动的时, 该支撑台支撑连接杆的转动端, 在联动杆发生转动 时,支撑台随联动杆逆时针旋转脱离对连接杆转动端支撑的位置, 在前制动器的连接杆上部还连接有一防回弹杆, 防回弹杆另一端 接在车架上,增设防回弹杆可以使得连接杆产生弹性变形使汽车 可以柔性停止; 后制动组件设置汽车后部底盘下方, 汽车后部底 盘下设有加强板, 在加强板下方设有与其垂直的相互之间有间隔 的两块限位板, 两块限位板间隔的朝向和汽车前后方向一致, 两 块限位板内侧中部各设有一轴承, 两个轴承之间设有轴, 该轴与 后制动组件的连接杆连接形成连接杆的转动端, 该后制动组件自 然下垂, 后制动组件最下端高于路面。
所述的防回弹杆包括一与车架焊接的推杆, 推杆另一端连接 有壳体, 该壳体上端封闭且上端外侧设有外螺紋, 该外螺紋配合 设有内螺纹的旋盖, 该壳体下端开口且其主体上下贯通, 在壳体 内侧左右各设有一板簧, 在壳体上端端脚处开设两处开口, 板簧 顶端从这两处幵口伸出, 而伸出的部分受旋盖的限位, 在左右两 个板簧的内侧还各设有一齿条片; 制动器连接杆初始状态下被齿 条片最外端的齿卡住, 在制动器与地面相接触时, 连接杆受作用 力向齿条内端的齿移动, 这样连接杆既可以实现阶梯式受力变形 又可以防止其回弹。 在需要解除时, 旋松旋盖, 板簧顶部摆脱限 位, 壳体内的齿条片随板簧向外延位移, 此时可以释放连接杆。
在副驾驶舱下方还设有一副启动踏板, 该踏板与另一条内推 杆连接, 该内推杆上也设有复位装置, 该内推杆与主驾驶舱内的 内推杆连接同一条联动杆, 连接方式亦一致。
本爬坡式应急制动系统还包括设在汽车头部保险杠前方的启 动板, 该启动板形状为矩形板状, 该启动板内侧靠近两端的位置 上连接有两根外推杆, 两根外推杆的另一端均设有一连接孔, 连 接孔上通过插销固定有下变向杆, 外推杆与下变向杆之间呈轴向 运动, 下变向杆另一端与联动杆悍接。
所述扇形制动器前端开有槽, 制动犁插入该槽中并通过插销 固定。
在连接杆转动端上还接有弹性装置, 该弹性装置另一端固定 在车架上, 在支撑台对连接杆转动端起支撑的状态下, 该弹性装 置处于压缩状态。
所述扇形制动器的弧形底边上开有爪孔, 制动爪插入爪孔过 盈配合或者爪孔上设有内螺紋, 制动爪上设有外螺纹, 进行螺紋 配合。
在启动板的外侧还设有至少一根碰触杆。 在汽车高速行驶过 程中, 障碍物首先与碰触杆接触, 在汽车主体距离障碍物一个碰 触杆的距离时, 就可以通过启动板启动制动器, 增加了制动器的 有效制动时间。
本爬坡式应急制动系统还包括一解除装置, 该解除装置为一 手摇式千斤顶, 该手摇试千斤顶包括摇杆以及两根顶部相连的支 架腿, 在该相连位置设有顶板, 两根支架腿上均匀设有定位齿, 两根支架腿下部设有滑轮; 所述的摇杆外表面上设有双向螺紋, 摇杆一端设有摇把, 在摇杆上还设有左右两个自挂螺母, 该自挂 螺母上设有挂钩, 该挂钩挂在定位齿上。 摇动摇把, 左右两个自 挂螺母相向位移, 两根支架腿受到拉力抬高, 左右两个自挂螺母 相反位移时, 两根支架腿受到推力降低。 解除步骤为: 为使用千 斤顶抬升汽车前部, 然后复位前制动器, 最后降低汽车前部使轮 胎接触地面。
本发明的有益效果是: 驾驶舱启动踏板, 副驾驶舱的副启动 踏板或者车前的启动板通过传动组件可以使得两块前制动组件的 扇形制动器与路面柔性接触, 并抬升汽车前部, 使汽车两前轮离开路 面; 达到制高点后,位于汽车尾部车架后下方的后制动组件的扇形制 动器与地面接触, 并抬升汽车尾部, 使汽车两后轮与地面分离; 此时 汽车强大的惯性力被 3个以上扇形摩擦装置全部呈柔性吸收,与路面 发挥犁沟效应, 使得汽车停止向前运动。本发明与行车制动系统对比 的优点是: 行车在危险的情况下, 能够在较近的制动距离和较短的制 动时间内使汽车停下来;积极效果是减少交通事故的发生或降低因交 通事故所带来的人身伤亡以及财产损失。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明内推杆与联动杆之间的连接结构关系图; 图 3为制动组件结构图;
图 4是加强板、 限位板与制动器组件之间的结构示意图; 图 5是联动杆与前制动器组件之间的连接关系图; 图 6为防回弹杆结构图;
图 7是本发明外推杆与联动杆之间的连接结构关系图;
图 8为装有本发明的汽车紧急制动时的状态过程图;
图 9为图 7中制动器组件状态变化图;
图 10为手摇式千斤顶结构图;
其中: 1、 车架, 2、 驾驶舱启动踏板, 21、 副驾驶舱启动踏板, 3、 启动板, 4、 内推杆, 41、 副驾内推杆, 5、 外推杆, 6、 联动杆, 7、 加强板, 8、 前制动器组件, 9、 后制动器组件, 10、 插销, 11、 顶板, 12、 上变向杆, 13、 连接孔, 31、 连接杆, 32、 扇形制动器, 33、 制动犁, 34、 制动爪, 41、 加强板, 42、 限位板, 43、 轴承, 44、 轴, 51、 支撑台, 52、 扭簧, 61、 推杆, 62、 壳体, 63、 旋 盖, 64、 板簧, 65、 齿条片, 71、 连接孔, 72、 插销, 73、 下变 向杆, 80、 顶板, 81、 支架腿, 82、 定位齿, 83、 摇把, 84、 滑 轮, 85、 摇杆, 86、 自挂螺母。 具体实施方式
如图 1 所示的本实用新型, 其包括设置在汽车车架 (1 ) 上的 启动装置、 传动组件以及制动组件, 启动装置包括驾驶舱启动踏 板 (2 ) , 副驾驶舱的启动踏板 (2 ) 以及在汽车头部保险杠前方 的启动板(3 ) 。 这三个启动装置都可以独立通过传动组件启动制 动组件。
所述传动组件包括一端与驾驶舱启动踏板 (2) 连接的内推杆 ( 4), 在内推杆上还设有复位弹簧, 与汽车制动组件连接的联动 杆 (6 ) , 联动杆平行于汽车横梁设置在汽车发动机舱底盘下方, 联动杆左右两端设有复位弹簧。 如图 2所示: 内推杆(4)前端设 有连接孔(13 ), 连接孔上通过插销(10 )固定有上变向杆(12 ), 内推杆(4) 与上变向杆(12)之间呈轴向运动, 上变向杆另一端 与联动杆 (6) 焊接。
如图 3 所示的所述制动组件包括连接杆(31)与扇形制动器 (32) , 所述扇形制动器前端设有制动犁(33), 扇形制动器的弧形 底边上均勾设有制动爪(34), 在扇形制动器的弧形底边上设有爪 孔, 爪孔与制动爪之间为螺旋连接或卡扣连接。 所述的制动组件 包括两组前制动组件和至少一组后制动组件, 前制动组件与后制 动组件的结构基本一致, 区别仅在于前制动组件的连接杆长于后 制动组件连接杆的长度。
两组前制动组件分别设置在汽车左右大梁前端的下方, 在大 梁下方设有加强板, 如图 4所示在加强板 (41 ) 下方设有与其垂 直的相互之间有间隔的两块限位板 (42) , 两块限位板间隔的朝 向和汽车前后方向一致,两块限位板内侧中部各设有一轴承(43 ), 两个轴承之间设有轴 (44) , 该轴与前制动组件的连接杆连接形 成连接杆的转动端。
如图 5所示: 联动杆的左右端点各设有一支撑台 (51 ) , 在 联动杆未发生转动的时, 该支撑台支撑连接杆的转动端, 在联动 杆发生转动时, 支撑台随联动杆逆时针旋转脱离对连接杆转动端 支撑的位置,在连接杆转动端上还设有一扭簧(52 ),该扭簧(52 ) 另一端固定在车架上,在支撑台对连接杆转动端起支撑的状态下, 该扭簧 (52 ) 处于压缩状态, 在支撑台脱离支撑位置时, 扭簧可 以作用前制动器组件加速掉落。
在前制动器的连接杆上部还连接有一防回弹杆, 防回弹杆另 一端接在车架上,增设防回弹杆可以使得连接杆产生弹性变形使 汽车可以柔性停止时不使汽车反弹。 如图 6所示的防回弹杆包括 一与车架悍接的推杆 (61 ) , 推杆另一端连接有壳体 (62 ) , 该 壳体上端封闭且上端外侧设有外螺纹, 该外螺紋配合设有内螺纹 的旋盖 (63 ) , 该壳体下端开口且其主体上下贯通, 在壳体内侧 左右各设有一板簧 (64) , 在壳体上端端脚处开设两处开口, 板 簧顶端从这两处开口伸出, 而伸出的部分受旋盖的限位, 在左右 两个板簧的内侧还各设有一齿条片 (65 ) ; 制动器连接杆初始状 态下被齿条片最外端的齿卡住, 在制动器与地面相接触时, 连接 杆受作用力的会向齿条内端的齿移动, 这样连接杆既可以实现阶 梯式受力变形又可以防止其回弹。 在需要解除时, 旋松旋盖, 板 簧顶部摆脱限位, 壳体内的齿条片随板簧向外延位移, 此时可以 释放连接杆。
后制动组件设置汽车后部底盘下方, 汽车后部底盘下设有加 强板, 在加强板下方设有与其垂直的相互之间有间隔的两块限位 板, 两块限位板间隔的朝向和汽车前后方向一致, 两块限位板内 侧中部各设有一轴承, 两个轴承之间设有轴, 该轴与后制动组件 的连接杆连接形成连接杆的转动端, 该后制动组件自然下垂, 后 制动组件最下端高于路面。
副驾驶舱的启动踏板(2 )与另一条内推杆连接, 该内推杆上 也设有复位装置, 该内推杆与主驾驶舱内的内推杆连接同一条联 动杆, 连接方式亦一致。
本爬坡式应急制动系统还包括设在汽车头部保险杠前方的启 动板(3 ) , 该启动板形状为矩形板状, 该启动板内侧靠近两端的 位置上连接有两根外推杆(5) 。两根外推杆的另一端均设有一连 接孔, 如图 7所示: 连接孔 (71 ) 上通过插销(72)固定有下变向 杆(73), 外推杆与下变向杆之间呈轴向运动, 下变向杆另一端与 联动杆 (6 ) 悍接。
如图 10所示的手摇式千斤顶,该手摇试千斤顶包括摇杆(85 ) 以及两根顶部相连的支架腿(81 ),在该相连位置设有顶板(80), 该顶板 (80 ) 对应汽车车架上的顶板 (11 ) , 两根支架腿上均匀 设有定位齿 (82 ) , 两根支架腿下部设有滑轮 (87 ) ; 所述的摇 杆外表面上设有双向螺纹, 摇杆一端设有摇把 (83 ) , 在摇杆上 还设有左右两个自挂螺母 (86 ) , 该自挂螺母上设有挂钩, 该挂 钩挂在定位齿上。 摇动摇把, 左右两个自挂螺母相向位移, 两根 支架腿受到拉力抬高, 左右两个自挂螺母相反位移时, 两根支架 腿受到推力降低。 解除步骤为: 为使用千斤顶抬升汽车前部, 然 后复位前制动器, 最后降低汽车前部使轮胎接触地面。
本发明的技术方案实施步骤是:
1、 当汽车处于行车状态需要应急停止时;
2、 驾驶员无法或不能有效运用行车制动让汽车停下来时;
3、 驾驶员可以通过脚踏装置启动本发明;
4、 当驾驶员无法或不能正常启动本发明, 可以由安装在副驾驶 员脚部位置的联动装置启动本发明;
5、当驾驶员、副驾驶员均无法或不能正常通过脚踏装置启动时;
6、 即位于汽车头部保险杠前方的启动板, 在与障碍物接触时, 同步启动本发明;
7、 使位于汽车前部车架下方两侧的前制动组件瞬间与路面柔性 接触;
8、 并抬升汽车前部, 使汽车两前轮离开路面;
9、达到制高点后,位于汽车尾部车架下方的后制动组件与地面接 触;
10、 并抬升汽车尾部, 使汽车两后轮与地面分离;
11、此时汽车强大的惯性力被 3个以上的制动组件全部呈柔性吸 收;
12、 且防回弹杆生效;
13、 本发明系统生效后汽车停止前进;
装有本发明的汽车应急制动时的状态过程图如图 8所示,图 9为 对应的制动器组件状态变化图。 本发明的构造特征-
1. 独立装置、 安装在汽车车架上;
2. 结构简单、 纯机械结构;
3. 不含有电子化、 电气化、 液压化;
4. 与汽车动力系统、 传动系统、 行车制动系统、 驻车制动系统、 转向系统等不发生关系;
5. 实物仿生碰撞装置, 是仿照猫的胡须, 猫在沿墙壁捉老鼠时, 从来不会撞墙的原理, 对应本发明在汽车头部保险杠前方的启动板 的结构。
6. 运用 "板车下坡"原理、 "悬崖勒马"原理以及 "牛顿的第二 定律的矢量性"原理, 在本发明启动生效后, 使汽车所有轮胎与地面 分离,汽车呈前高后低的爬坡状态,即获得汽车的重心由前向后移动, 驾乘人员的惯性力方向由平行于汽车前挡风玻璃向驾乘人员的腿部 方向移动。 汽车尾部的扇形制动器与路面接触; 附注: "板车下坡" 原理是, 满载货物的板车, 在下坡时通常都是车夫在前面, 双手用力 将板车两车把向高空抬起, 使得板车尾部尽量与路面接触, 这样就能 使板车低速度下坡, 不造成危险; "悬崖勒马"原理是: 疾驰的骏马 时速可以达到每小时 60公里以上, 要想迅速停下来, 就必须用力收 起缰绳, 使马头抬向空中, 两前蹄腾空离地, 此时马可以抬高到离地 面 70度以上, 重心迅速向马后腿位移, 因此, 此时是骑马人最容易 滚落下来, 通常情况下, 马可以在 5米内停下来。
7. 运用 "达 *芬奇的摩擦一"原理, 摩擦力的大小与单位面积 上的载荷呈正相关; 附注: "摩擦的基本特性, 一般认为达 ·芬奇
Leonado da Vinci (1452- 1519)是第一个提出摩擦基本概念的。 在他 的启发下, 法国科学家 Amontons进行实验室并建立了摩擦定律。 随 后, Coulomb在进一步实验的基础上, 发展了 Amontons的工作。 由 这些初期研究得出了四个经典摩擦经历如下: 定律一 , 摩擦力与载 荷成正比; 定律二, 摩擦系数与表观接触面积无关; 定律三, 静摩擦 系数大于动摩擦系数; 定律四, 摩擦系数与滑动速度无关。 (摘自: 《摩擦学原理》清华大学学术专著, 清华大学出版社,
2002ISBN7- 302- 05904- 7温诗铸, 黄平 著, 第 271页)
8. 运用物理的 "犁沟"原理, 使本发明的制动组件的爪、 犁与 路面发生 "犁沟"效应, 从而形成强大的阻力; 附注: "犁沟效应" 是指硬金属的粗糙峰嵌入软金属后,在滑动推挤软金属, 使之塑性流 动并犁出一条沟槽。犁沟效应的阻力是摩擦力的组成部分, 在磨粒磨 损和擦伤磨损中, 它是摩擦力的主要分量。 (摘自: 《摩擦学原理》清 华大学学术专著,清华大学出版社, 2002ISBN7-302- 05904- 7温诗铸, 黄平 著, 第 281页)
9. 运用材料的弹性原理, 强大的惯性力使扇形制动器的连接杆 发生弹性变形, 并呈柔性吸收惯性力; 运用 "棘轮"防倒原理, 使制 动器连接杆在弹性变形到达极点时,使汽车不反弹; 对应防回弹装置 可以使连接杆保持变形。
10. 运用螺旋杠杆原理, 类似手摇千斤顶的一种附属解除工具, 用于解除本发明生效状态,使汽车由爬坡状态下降为所有轮胎与路面 接触的停车状态; 同时, 方便收起或更换扇形制动装置;
11. 汽车在停车或低速行驶状态下, 即使误启动本发明, 也不会 对驾乘人员、 汽车带来伤害;
12.任意一种方式启动本发明,驾驶员双手都不需要离开方向盘;

Claims

1.一种爬坡式应急制动系统, 包括启动踏板、 传动组件以及 制动组件, 其特征是启动踏板设置在驾驶舱下方, 所述传动组件 包括一端与踏板连接的内推杆, 在内推杆上还设有复位装置, 与 汽车制动组件连接的联动杆, 联动杆平行于汽车横梁设置在汽车 发动机舱底盘下方, 联动杆左右两端设有复位装置; 内推杆前端 设有连接孔, 连接孔上通过插销固定有上变向杆, 内推杆与上变 向杆之间呈轴向运动, 上变向杆另一端与联动杆焊接, 所述制动 组件包括连接杆与扇形制动器,所述扇形制动器前端设有制动犁, 扇形制动器的弧形底边上均匀设有制动爪, 所述的制动组件包括 两组前制动组件和至少一组后制动组件, 前制动组件与后制动组 件的结构基本一致, 区别仅在于前制动组件的连接杆长于后制动 组件连接杆的长度, 两组前制动组件分别设置在汽车左右大梁前 端的下方, 在大梁下方设有加强板, 在加强板下方设有与其垂直 的相互之间有间隔的两块限位板, 两块限位板间隔的朝向和汽车 前后方向一致, 两块限位板内侧中部各设有一轴承, 两个轴承之 间设有轴,该轴与前制动组件的连接杆连接形成连接杆的转动端, 联动杆的左右端点各设有一支撑台, 在联动杆未发生转动的时, 该支撑台支撑连接杆的转动端, 在联动杆发生转动时, 支撑台随 联动杆逆时针旋转脱离对连接杆转动端支撑的位置, 在前制动器 的连接杆上部还连接有一防回弹杆,防回弹杆另一端接在车架上; 后制动组件设置汽车后部底盘下方,汽车后部底盘下设有加强板, 在加强板下方设有与其垂直的相互之间有间隔的两块限位板, 两 块限位板间隔的朝向和汽车前后方向一致, 两块限位板内侧中部 各设有一轴承, 两个轴承之间设有轴, 该轴与后制动组件的连接 杆连接形成连接杆的转动端, 该后制动组件自然下垂, 后制动组 件最下端高于路面。
2.如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统,其特征是所述的防 回弹杆包括一与车架焊接的推杆, 推杆另一端连接有壳体, 该壳 体上端封闭且上端外侧设有外螺紋, 该外螺紋配合设有内螺纹的 旋盖, 该壳体下端开口且其主体上下贯通, 在壳体内侧左右各设 有一板簧, 在壳体上端端脚处幵设两处开口, 板簧顶端从这两处 开口伸出, 而伸出的部分受旋盖的限位, 在左右两个板簧的内侧 还各设有一齿条片; 制动器连接杆初始状态下被齿条片最外端的 齿卡住, 在制动器与地面相接触时, 连接杆受作用力向齿条内端 的齿移动, 在需要解除时, 旋松旋盖, 板簧顶部摆脱限位, 壳体 内的齿条片随板簧向外延位移, 此时可以释放连接杆。
3.如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统, 其特征是所述扇形 制动器前端开有槽, 制动犁插入该槽中并通过插销固定。
4. 如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统,其特征是在连接杆 转动端上还接有弹性装置, 该弹性装置另一端固定在车架上, 在 支撑台对连接杆转动端起支撑的状态下, 该弹性装置处于压缩状 态。
5. 如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统,其特征是所述扇形 制动器的弧形底边上开有爪孔, 制动爪插入爪孔过盈配合或者爪 孔上设有内螺紋, 制动爪上设有外螺纹, 进行螺紋配合。
6.如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统, 其特征是在副驾驶 舱下方还设有一踏板, 该踏板与另一条内推杆连接, 该内推杆上 也设有复位装置, 该内推杆与主驾驶舱内的内推杆连接同一条联 动杆, 连接方式亦一致。
7.如权利 1或 6所述的爬坡式应急制动系统, 其特征是本爬 坡式应急制动系统还包括设在汽车头部保险杠前方的启动板, 该 启动板形状为矩形板状, 该启动板内侧靠近两端的位置上连接有 两根外推杆, 两根外推杆的另一端均设有一连接孔, 连接孔上通 过插销固定有下变向杆, 外推杆与下变向杆之间呈轴向运动, 下 变向杆另一端与联动杆焊接。
8. 如权利 7所述的爬坡式应急制动系统,其特征是在启动板 的外侧还设有至少一根碰触杆。
9. 如权利 1所述的爬坡式应急制动系统,其特征是本爬坡式 应急制动系统还包括一解除装置,该解除装置为一手摇式千斤顶, 该手摇试千斤顶包括摇杆以及两根顶部相连的支架腿, 在该相连 位置设有顶板, 两根支架腿上均匀设有定位齿, 两根支架腿下部 设有滑轮; 所述的摇杆外表面上设有双向螺紋, 摇杆一端设有摇 把,在摇杆上还设有左右两个自挂螺母, 该自挂螺母上设有挂钩, 该挂钩挂在定位齿上, 摇动摇把, 左右两个自挂螺母相向位移, 两根支架腿受到拉力抬高, 左右两个自挂螺母相反位移时, 两根 支架腿受到推力降低。
PCT/CN2012/000707 2012-05-03 2012-05-21 爬坡式应急制动系统 WO2013163782A1 (zh)

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