WO2013162041A1 - 核酸デリバリー用ユニット構造型医薬組成物 - Google Patents
核酸デリバリー用ユニット構造型医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013162041A1 WO2013162041A1 PCT/JP2013/062531 JP2013062531W WO2013162041A1 WO 2013162041 A1 WO2013162041 A1 WO 2013162041A1 JP 2013062531 W JP2013062531 W JP 2013062531W WO 2013162041 A1 WO2013162041 A1 WO 2013162041A1
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/713—Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
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- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
- A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
- A61K47/6455—Polycationic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. for complexing nucleic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a unit structure type pharmaceutical composition comprising a nucleic acid and a block copolymer.
- a unit structure-type pharmaceutical composition or a pharmaceutical preparation containing the composition may be abbreviated as a unit structure.
- siRNA can knock down target mRNA specifically and effectively, expectation for its medical application is increasing. Development of an effective delivery system is indispensable for applying siRNA to medicine.
- CNV age-related macular degeneration
- TLR-3 Toll-like receptor-3 on the cell surface
- a cationic polymer is provided as a carrier that forms a complex with a small molecule nucleic acid such as siRNA under physiological conditions, introduces the nucleic acid into a eukaryotic cell, and expresses it (for example, Patent Document 1).
- nucleic acids such as siRNA are applied to medicine, it is preferable that nucleic acid has a high blood retention from the viewpoint of continuously obtaining the effect, but the blood retention performance of conventional cationic polymers is still not improved. There was room.
- the main object of the present invention is to improve the blood retention performance of nucleic acids in cationic polymer type carriers.
- a unit structure type pharmaceutical composition (unit structure) is provided.
- the unit structure includes a block copolymer having a cationic polyamino acid segment and a hydrophilic polymer chain segment, and a nucleic acid, and the positive charge of the cationic polyamino acid segment and the negative charge of the nucleic acid are offset so that electricity Neutral and the nucleic acid is covered by the hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- the pharmaceutical formulation containing the said unit structure type pharmaceutical composition is provided.
- a block copolymer capable of forming the unit structure-type pharmaceutical composition is provided.
- the block copolymer has a cationic polyamino acid segment and a hydrophilic polymer chain segment, and the cationic polyamino acid segment counteracts the negative charge of the nucleic acid to be contained in the unit structure-type pharmaceutical composition.
- the unit structure-type pharmaceutical composition has a positive charge that makes it electrically neutral, and the hydrophilic polymer chain segment has a chain length that covers the nucleic acid.
- the blood retention performance of nucleic acid in the cationic polymer type carrier can be improved.
- the antitumor effect can be dramatically improved as compared with conventional nucleic acid delivery carriers.
- the unit structure of the present invention comprises a block copolymer having a cationic polyamino acid segment and a hydrophilic polymer chain segment, and a nucleic acid, and the positive charge of the cationic polyamino acid segment is offset from the negative charge of the nucleic acid. Electrically neutral and the nucleic acid is covered by the hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- the state that “the unit structure is electrically neutral” means that the total charge derived from the cationic group of the cationic polyamino acid segment in the unit structure and the total charge derived from the nucleic acid. It is not excluded that the difference is within the range of about ⁇ 10%, more strictly within the range of about ⁇ 5%.
- the total charge of the nucleic acid is 40
- the total charge derived from the cationic groups in the unit structure is 36 to 44, strictly in the range of 38 to 42, more strictly in the range of 39 to 41, Do not exclude the state in the.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment and the cationic polyamino acid segment can each exhibit a certain degree of polydispersity. Therefore, in the present specification, when referring to the characteristics of the block copolymer (for example, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, radius of inertia), unless otherwise specified, the average of the entire polymer exhibiting polydispersity is referred to. To do. Accordingly, the charge amount is calculated based on the degree of polymerization obtained by actually measuring it as the average degree of polymerization. For example, the degree of polymerization of polylysine can be measured by the method described in the examples below.
- the state “the nucleic acid is covered with the hydrophilic polymer chain segment” means a state where the entire nucleic acid is covered with the hydrophilic polymer chain segment. More specifically, it means a state in which the entire nucleic acid is wrapped in the spatial extent (inertia radius) of the hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment of one block copolymer does not need to cover the entire nucleic acid, but is derived from the hydrophilic polymer chain segment of each block copolymer. It suffices if the entire nucleic acid is wrapped in a comprehensive spatial spread.
- 1 (a) and 1 (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating an estimated structure of a unit structure according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited, in the unit structure 100a or 100b of the present invention, the cationic polyamino acid segment 11 of the block copolymer 10 is arranged along the nucleic acid 20 so that the nucleic acid 20 and the electrostatic bond 30 are bonded. It is presumed that the hydrophilic polymer chain segment is spatially spread and covers the nucleic acid 20 (in the figure, the sphere represented by reference numeral 12 represents the spatial spread of the hydrophilic polymer chain segment) .
- 1A and 1B exemplify the form in which the cationic polyamino acid segments are linearly arranged along the direction in which the nucleic acid extends, but the arrangement state of the cationic polyamino acid segments is the nucleic acid.
- a configuration in which the negative charges are arranged so as to be wound along the helical structure of the nucleic acid is also possible.
- the unit structure of the present invention includes an unspecified number of block copolymers and one or more nucleic acids, and it is difficult to specify the composition.
- a conventional complex for example, a conventional nucleic acid-encapsulating core-shell type polymer micelle
- it may be characterized in that it contains a block copolymer and a nucleic acid in a predetermined number determined based on the amount of each charge.
- the unit structure of the present invention may comprise mxN nucleic acids and nxN block copolymers (where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, m and n is each independently an integer of 1 to 9, for example).
- the number of block copolymers and nucleic acids contained in the unit structure can be confirmed, for example, by the method described in Examples described later.
- the number of block copolymers contained in the unit structure of the present invention can constitute a unit structure that is electrically neutral with the nucleic acid, and can cover the nucleic acid by the spatial extension of the hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- the unit structure of the present invention preferably contains one single-stranded nucleic acid or double-stranded nucleic acid, more preferably one double-stranded nucleic acid, as the nucleic acid. This is because electrostatic bonding with a cationic polyamino acid segment and encapsulation with a hydrophilic polymer chain segment can be suitably performed.
- the unit structure 100 a of the present invention may include two block copolymers 10 and one nucleic acid 20. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, the unit structure 100b of the present invention may include four block copolymers 10 and one nucleic acid 20.
- the unit structure of the present invention can be constituted using two or more block copolymers. Further, the unit structure of the present invention can also be constituted using one block copolymer (not shown).
- the block copolymer that can form the unit structure of the present invention has a cationic polyamino acid segment and a hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment has a positive charge that counteracts the negative charge of the nucleic acid to be contained in the unit structure, making the unit structure electrically neutral;
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment has a chain length that covers the nucleic acid.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment can be disposed, for example, at the end (one end or both ends) of the cationic polyamino acid segment.
- the end portion may be grafted to the side chain of the middle part (preferably approximately the central part) of the cationic polyamino acid segment, and is arranged between two adjacent cationic polyamino acid segments. May be.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment is desirably arranged so as to extend in a direction crossing the arrangement direction of the cationic polyamino acid segments.
- the block copolymer preferably has a plurality of hydrophilic polymer chain segments (for example, two or more hydrophilic polymer chain segments per block copolymer).
- the nucleic acid can be covered more strictly, so that metabolism or degradation by an enzyme or the like can be suitably avoided.
- the number of hydrophilic polymer chain segments disposed at each site can be, for example, 1 to 4.
- a plurality of hydrophilic polymer chain segments may be arranged depending on the structure of the multi-branched hydrophilic polymer.
- the number of hydrophilic polymer chain segments arranged in the block copolymer may be 4 or more.
- the one block copolymer may have four or more hydrophilic polymer chain segments (for example, a cationic polyamino acid segment). Can have two hydrophilic polymer chain segments at each of the ends.
- the said block copolymer may further have the target binding site couple
- the block copolymer includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the block copolymer.
- any appropriate cationic amino acid having a cationic group (typically an amino group, preferably a primary amino group) in the side chain may be used.
- an amino acid having one cationic group in the side chain more specifically, one positive charge in the side chain at blood pH.
- the amino acid which has can be used preferably.
- the distance from the main chain to the cationic group on the side chain is preferably short.
- the cationic group is preferably bonded to the main chain via 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4 atoms. This is because by using a block copolymer having such a side chain structure, the blood retention of the unit structure (as a result, the blood retention of the nucleic acid) can be improved.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment preferably has a positive charge of approximately the same amount, approximately half amount, approximately 1/4 amount, or approximately 1/8 amount with respect to the negative charge of the nucleic acid contained in the unit structure.
- various unit structures having different block copolymer contents for example, 1, 2, 4, or 8) can be obtained.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment has approximately half the positive charge relative to the negative charge of the nucleic acid contained in the unit structure.
- a polyamino acid segment having such a positive charge is constituted by an amino acid having one positive charge in the side chain at blood pH
- a unit structure comprising two block copolymers for one nucleic acid typically, This is because a unit structure including one nucleic acid and two block copolymers is formed, and according to the unit structure, blood retention (and consequently, nucleic acid retention) can be improved.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment is easily arranged over the entire length of the nucleic acid. It is presumed that charges can be canceled appropriately.
- the number of amino acid residues contained in the cationic polyamino acid segment can be appropriately set according to the amount of charge desired for the segment.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment may contain a non-cationic amino acid residue as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the number of non-cationic amino acid residues is, for example, 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 2% or less, of the total number of amino acid residues contained in the cationic polyamino acid segment. be able to.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment can be composed of any appropriate hydrophilic polymer.
- the hydrophilic polymer include poly (ethylene glycol), polysaccharide, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone), poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (acrylamide), poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylamide), and poly (methacrylic). Acid), poly (methacrylic acid ester), poly (acrylic acid ester), polyamino acid, poly (malic acid), poly (oxazoline) or derivatives thereof.
- Specific examples of polysaccharides include starch, dextran, fructan, galactan and the like.
- poly (ethylene glycol) is commercially available as terminal-reactive polyethylene glycol having various functional groups at its terminals, and various molecular weight and branched types are also commercially available. Therefore, it can be preferably used.
- the length of the hydrophilic polymer chain segment can be set to an appropriate length according to the chain length of the nucleic acid contained in the unit structure. Specifically, the hydrophilic polymer chain segment is set to a length that can cover the nucleic acid. In the present invention, at least one hydrophilic polymer chain segment in the unit structure is the length of the nucleic acid contained in the unit structure (when a plurality of nucleic acids are contained, the total length of each nucleic acid). When it has the above inertial radius (Rg), it is judged that the whole nucleic acid is covered with the hydrophilic polymer chain segment.
- Rg inertial radius
- poly (ethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of 21,000 Da or 42,000 Da has an inertial radius (Rg) of about 6.5 nm or about 9.7 nm, respectively, so that these are independently siRNA (length: about: 5.7 nm) can be covered.
- the hydrophilic polymer chain segment arranged so as to have a rotation center for example, a connecting site with a polyamino acid segment
- the hydrophilic property arranged so as to have a rotation center on the other terminal side.
- each hydrophilic polymer chain segment preferably has an inertial radius (Rg) of at least half the length of the nucleic acid, more preferably at least the length of the nucleic acid, and even more preferably of the nucleic acid. It has an inertial radius (Rg) of 1.2 times or more of the length, and even more preferably 1.3 times or more.
- the nucleic acid can be used as long as the entire nucleic acid is encased in the total spatial extent derived from the hydrophilic polymer chain segment of each block copolymer.
- Each hydrophilic polymer chain segment arranged so as to have a center of rotation on both terminal sides thereof may have an inertial radius (Rg) of less than half the length of the nucleic acid.
- the upper limit of the length of the hydrophilic polymer chain segment is such that the radius of inertia (Rg) is, for example, 2.5 times or less, preferably 1.6 times or less the length of the nucleic acid contained in the unit structure. Can be done. With such a length, it is difficult to be affected by steric hindrance and the like, which can be advantageous for forming a unit structure.
- the inertia radius (Rg) can be calculated based on the relationship between the molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer constituting the hydrophilic polymer chain segment and the rotational square radius.
- the unit structure is composed of one siRNA and two block copolymers, the block copolymer as a hydrophilic polymer chain segment at one end of the polyamino acid chain segment.
- the unit structure has a double-stranded PEG.
- Each PEG chain preferably has a molecular weight of 10,000 Da to 80,000 Da, more preferably 20,000 Da to 60,000 Da, and even more preferably 30,000 Da to 45,000 Da.
- the cationic polyamino acid segment and the hydrophilic polymer chain segment are connected by any appropriate linking group.
- the linking group include an ester bond, an amide bond, an imino group, a carbon-carbon bond, and an ether bond.
- these segments may be linked by a linking group that can be cleaved in vivo (for example, a disulfide bond, a hydrazone bond, a maleamate bond, or an acetal group).
- the cationic polyamino acid side terminal and / or the hydrophilic polymer chain side terminal of the block copolymer may be arbitrarily modified as long as the effect of the present invention is not adversely affected.
- the target binding site may be any appropriate site depending on the target tissue or purpose.
- the target binding site can be formed, for example, by binding a compound having a target binding site to the end of the block copolymer on the hydrophilic polymer chain side. Any appropriate group can be used as a linking group between the target binding site and the hydrophilic polymer chain, and examples thereof include an arbitrary amino acid residue.
- the target binding site has a biological recognition function that can specifically bind to a substance derived from a living body and a virus to form a biological binding pair with the substance. Refers to the site.
- any compound may be bound according to the target tissue or purpose.
- examples include antibodies or fragments thereof, other functional or target-directed proteins, peptides, aptamers, sugars such as lactose, physiologically active substances such as folic acid, and the like.
- a preferred specific example of the block copolymer can be represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).
- R 1a to R 1d are each independently a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the following formula (I):
- k represents an integer of 1 to 5
- D represents a target binding site
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents a hydroxyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 4a and R 4b each independently represent a methylene group or an ethylene group
- R 5a and R 5b are, independently of one another, the following groups: —NH— (CH 2 ) p1 — [NH— (CH 2 ) q1 —] r1 NH 2 (i); —NH— (CH 2 ) p2 —N [— (CH 2 ) q2 —NH 2 ] 2 (ii); -NH- (CH 2) p3 -N ⁇ [- (CH 2) q3 -NH 2] [- (CH 2) q4 -NH-] r2 H ⁇ (iii); and -NH- (CH 2) p4 - N ⁇
- L is a divalent linking group or valence bond. Any appropriate linking group can be adopted as the divalent linking group.
- L can be -L 1 -L 2 -L 3-
- L in formula (2), L can be -L 4 -L 5 -L 6- .
- L 1 and L 4 are independently of each other, — (O— (CH 2 ) a ) b —L 1a —, where a is an integer of 1 to 5, and b is an integer of 0 to 300.
- A is not necessarily the same when b is 2 or more, and L 1a is not necessarily a valence bond, —SS—, —NH—, —O—, —O—CH (CH 3 ) —O. -, - OCO -, - OCONH -, - NHCO -, - NHCOO -, - NHCONH -, - be CONH- or COO; L 2 and L 5, independently of each other, a valence bond or -L 2a -L 2b -L 2c- , wherein L 2a and L 2c are structures that serve as spacers, and are not particularly limited.
- L 2b Is one of the structures shown in the following formulas (III) to (V); 3 is — ((CH 2 ) c —O) d — (CH 2 ) e —L 3a —, where c is an integer from 1 to 5, d is from 0 to 500, and e is an integer from 0 to 5.
- L 3a is —NH— or —O—;
- L 6 is — ((CH 2 ) f —O) g — (CH 2 ) H -L 6a- (CH 2 ) i -CO-, wherein f is 1 to 5, g is 0 to 300, h is 0 to 5, i is an integer of 0 to 5, and g is 2 At this time, f need not all be the same, and L 6a is —OCO—, —NHCO—, —OCONH—, —NHCOO—, —NHCONH—, —CONH— or —COO—.
- Examples of the alkyl moiety of the linear or branched alkyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the alkyl-substituted imino group, and the alkyl group defined by the groups R 1a to R 1d , R 2 , or R 3 include the following: Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-hexyl group, a decyl group, and an undecyl group.
- alkenyl or alkynyl moiety in the straight chain or branched alkenyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or the straight chain or branched alkynyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is exemplified in the above examples having 2 or more carbon atoms And those containing a double bond or a triple bond in the alkyl group.
- the substituents when “substituted” include, but are not limited to, C 1-6 alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, aryl C 1-3 oxy groups, cyano groups, carboxyls A group, an amino group, a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group, a C 2-7 acylamide group, a tri-C 1-6 alkylsiloxy group, a siloxy group, a silylamino group, or an acetalized formyl group, formyl group, chlorine or Mention may be made of halogen atoms such as fluorine.
- C 1-6 means 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and hereinafter used to represent the same meaning.
- the unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted or substituted linear or branched alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms is as described above.
- Examples of the alkyl moiety having 13 or more carbon atoms include a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, a docosanyl group, and a tetracosyl group.
- R 5a and R 5b NH— (CH 2 ) p1 — [NH— (CH 2 ) q1 —] r1 NH 2 (i); —NH— (CH 2 ) p2 —N [— (CH 2 ) q2 —NH 2 ] 2 (ii); —NH— (CH 2 ) p3 —N ⁇ [— (CH 2 ) q3 —NH 2 ] [— (CH 2 ) q4 —NH—] r2 H ⁇ (iii); and —NH— (CH 2 ) p4 — N ⁇ - (CH 2) q5 -N [- (CH 2) q6 -NH 2] 2 ⁇ 2 (iv)
- the groups selected from the group consisting of are preferably the same group, and more preferably the group of formula (i).
- p1 to p4 and q1 to 6 are each independently preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 2.
- r1 and r2 are each independently an integer of 1 to 3.
- the groups of R 5a and R 5b the same group may be selected for all the repeating units to which they belong, or different groups may be selected for each repeating unit.
- the same group may be selected for all the repeating units to which it belongs, or different groups may be selected for each repeating unit.
- w is 1, 2, 3, or 4, for example.
- X1 to x4 representing the number of ethylene glycol repeats are values that can be appropriately set according to the length of the nucleic acid contained in the desired unit structure.
- x1 to x4 are independently of each other, the lower limit is, for example, 120, for example, 200, for example, 450, and the upper limit is For example 1200, for example 1000, for example 850.
- Y, z, and v are values that can be appropriately set according to the negative charge amount of the nucleic acid and the number of block copolymers contained in the desired unit structure.
- y, z, and v are preferably the number of cationic groups in the cationic polyamino acid segment.
- the unit structure of the present invention may be constituted by two block copolymers, and the cationic polyamino acid segment in each block copolymer may contain 18 to 22 cationic amino acid residues.
- N is 0 or 1, preferably 1. According to the block copolymer having two poly (ethylene glycol) chains, a unit structure that is remarkably excellent in blood retention can be obtained.
- D is preferably a peptide having 1 to 200 amino acid residues, more preferably a peptide having 1 to 100 amino acid residues, and a peptide having 1 to 30 amino acid residues. More preferably it is.
- the peptides include peptides that can specifically bind to integrins involved in angiogenesis, intimal thickening, and malignant tumor growth, and specifically include RGD peptides.
- RGD peptide refers to a peptide containing an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence.
- RGD peptide is a cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide.
- D may be a peptide represented by the following formula (VI).
- the bonding order of the repeating units constituting the cationic polyamino acid segment is arbitrary, and may be a random structure or a block structure.
- the block copolymer can be prepared by any suitable method.
- NCA N-carboxylic acid anhydride
- a hydrophilic polymer for example, poly (ethylene glycol) aminated at the ⁇ end
- a polyamino acid having a protective group introduced is synthesized if necessary, and then combined with a hydrophilic polymer.
- a block copolymer having a polycation segment may be synthesized by deprotection or side chain conversion.
- Various methods are used as a method for bonding a polyamino acid and a hydrophilic polymer, and a method of coupling by introducing a reactive functional group at each end is representative. Examples thereof include a method in which a carboxyl group and an amino group are bonded using a condensing agent or by active esterification, a method using maleimide and thiol, a method using so-called click chemistry using alkyne and azide, and the like.
- a block copolymer is synthesized using a hydrophilic polymer having a target binding site at the ⁇ -terminus, or a block copolymer is used using a hydrophilic polymer having a functional group that allows the target binding site to be introduced later at the ⁇ -terminus.
- a block copolymer having a target binding site at the end of the hydrophilic polymer can be synthesized by introducing a target binding site after the synthesis of.
- Various methods can be used as a method for introducing a target binding site. For example, a block copolymer in which a hydrophilic polymer chain side end is acetalized and a compound having a desired target binding site having a cysteine end are added in an acidic solution. The target binding site can be imparted to the end of the hydrophilic polymer chain.
- the nucleic acid means a poly or oligonucleotide having a nucleotide unit consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose, and a phosphate as a basic unit, such as oligo or poly double stranded RNA, oligo or poly double stranded DNA, oligo or poly mono. Mention may be made of double-stranded DNA and oligo or poly single-stranded RNA. Also included are oligo or poly double stranded nucleic acids, oligo or poly single stranded nucleic acids in which RNA and DNA are mixed in the same strand.
- the nucleotide contained in the nucleic acid may be a natural type or a non-natural type that has been chemically modified, and may have a molecule such as an amino group, a thiol group, or a fluorescent compound added thereto. Also good.
- the chain length of the nucleic acid can be, for example, 4 to 20,000 bases, preferably 10 to 10,000 bases, more preferably 18 to 30 bases.
- nucleic acids plasmid DNA, siRNA, micro RNA, shRNA, antisense nucleic acid, decoy nucleic acid, aptamer and ribozyme can be preferably mentioned in consideration of the function or action.
- siRNA for example, all those designed by any appropriate method for the target gene or polynucleotide can be used.
- the siRNA chain length is preferably 15 to 50 bases, more preferably 18 to 30 bases in the length of the portion constituting the duplex.
- Compounds known in the art, and the same as those All nucleotides having a specific action or function are included.
- the specific example of siRNA can be designed with reference to the gene which can be the target of gene therapy.
- the unit structure of the present invention is prepared, for example, by mixing the block copolymer and a nucleic acid such as siRNA in an aqueous solution buffered as necessary (for example, phosphate buffered saline, HEPES buffer). be able to.
- a nucleic acid such as siRNA
- the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention comprises the unit structure described in Section A.
- the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention preferably contains the block copolymer and nucleic acid in an optionally buffered aqueous solution, preferably 1.0 to 2.5, more preferably 1.1 to 2.0, More preferably, it can be obtained by mixing so as to have an N / P ratio of 1.2 to 1.6. By setting it as such N / P ratio, a free nucleic acid or a block copolymer reduces, and the pharmaceutical formulation which contains the said unit structure in high content can be obtained.
- the unit structure is not electrostatically bound while increasing the content of the unit structure.
- the free block copolymer recaptures the free nucleic acid and smoothly releases the nucleic acid from the unit structure toward the target cell.
- the N / P ratio means [total number of cationic groups in block copolymer (N)] / [total number of phosphate groups in nucleic acid (P)].
- the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention preferably comprises a block copolymer and a nucleic acid in an optionally buffered aqueous solution, such as an N / P ratio of greater than 2.5, preferably greater than 3 It can be obtained by mixing so that the N / P ratio is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more. By increasing the N / P ratio in this way, the blood stability of the nucleic acid contained in the pharmaceutical preparation can be greatly improved.
- the upper limit of the N / P ratio is, for example, 50, for example 30, or for example 20.
- polymer structures are described in the order of the molecular weight of PEG (kDa) and the degree of polymerization of polyamino acids.
- the polymer structure is described in the order of the molecular weight (kDa) of PEG, the number of chains, and the polymerization degree of the polyamino acid.
- hydrophilic polymer chain segment is composed of two-chain PEG each having a molecular weight of 10 kDa and the cationic polyamino acid segment is composed of 20 lysine residues, “PEG-PLys (10 ⁇ 2-20) ”.
- DMF dimethylformamide
- N ⁇ -trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine N-carboxylic acid anhydride (Lys (TFA) -NCA) (0.13 g, equivalent to 25 equivalents) was weighed into an eggplant flask under argon and dissolved in 2 ml of DMF. The obtained solution was added to the eggplant flask containing the double-stranded PEG with a syringe. The reaction was carried out for 2 days with stirring in a 25 ° C. water bath under argon. After confirming the disappearance of the NCA-specific absorption peak by IR, 7 ml of methanol was added. The resulting solution was poured into 210 ml of cold diethyl ether with stirring and reprecipitated.
- the solution in the tube was freeze-dried to obtain 0.35 g of a white powder of PEG-PLys (hydrochloride).
- the degree of polymerization of PLys was determined to 20. It was also confirmed by GPC that the block copolymer: PEG-PLys (21 ⁇ 2-20) was obtained. (Wherein x1 and x2 are each about 450 to 470)
- a pharmaceutical preparation was prepared by dissolving the block copolymer and siRNA separately in 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.3) and mixing them so as to obtain a predetermined N / P ratio.
- the sequence of siRNA used is shown below (lower case letters represent 2′-O-methylation modification sites).
- siRNA was used by labeling with a fluorescent molecule such as Cy5 as necessary. The 5 ′ end of siRNA is dephosphorylated.
- siGL3 siRNA against firefly luciferase: Sense strand: 5′-CUUACGCUGAGUACUCUCGAdTdT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 1) Antisense strand: 5′-UCGAAGUACUCAGCGUAAGdTdT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 2) (2) sihVEGF (siRNA against human vascular endothelial growth factor): Sense strand: 5′-GAUCUCAUCAGGGUACUCCdTdT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 3) Antisense strand: 5'-GAGAGUACCCUGAUGAGAUCdTdT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4) (3) siPLK1 (siRNA against polo-like kinase 1): Sense strand: 5′-AGAuCACCCuCCUuAAAuAUU-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5) Antisense strand: 5′-UAUUUAAgGAGGGUGUAuCUUU-3 ′ (S
- Each measurement condition is as follows. (1) Degree of polymerization of polylysine Using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name “JNM-ECS400”), solvent: D2O, temperature: 25 ° C., nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum ( 1 H-NMR spectrum) It was measured. The degree of polymerization of polylysine was determined by calculating the number of methylene groups in the side chain of polylysine from the 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- Retention rate of siRNA in blood (%) ⁇ (Cy5 amount in serum) / (Total amount of Cy5 administered) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- siRNA retention in blood 10 minutes after administration is superior to that of the comparative pharmaceutical preparation.
- the unit structure including a block copolymer having two PEG chains a remarkably excellent retention rate of siRNA in blood was realized.
- FIG. 2B when naked siRNA is administered, the retention rate in blood after 10 minutes is almost 0%, but when the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is administered, blood of siRNA after 10 minutes is administered. The retention rate in the medium was 40% or more, and it was confirmed that siRNA remained in the blood even after 60 minutes.
- Renal cancer cells (OS-RC-2) were transplanted subcutaneously into 6-week-old male BALB / c-nu mice at 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / 200 ⁇ l.
- siRNA was administered at a dose of 24 ⁇ g.
- Cy5-siGL3 was used as the siRNA that forms the unit structure.
- the subcutaneously transplanted cancer tissue was removed, and the fluorescence intensity of Cy5 was measured by IVIS. The results are shown in FIG.
- the viability of cells cultured with siGLK-containing pharmaceutical preparations or naked siPLK1 was 90% or more, but the viability of cells cultured with siPLK1-containing pharmaceutical preparations was less than 50% Met.
- siRNA can be delivered into cells more suitably than naked siRNA, and the expression of the PLK1 gene can be suppressed in a sequence-specific manner.
- mice administered with siPLK1 alone or both sihVEGF and siPLK1 had a longer survival time than mice administered siGL3 as saline or siRNA. It was done.
- Renal cancer cells (OS-RC-2) were transplanted subcutaneously into 9-week-old male BALB / c-nu mice at 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / 200 ⁇ l.
- the tail vein was administered once for 20 days.
- sihVEGF was used as the siRNA forming the unit structure
- PEG-PLys 21 ⁇ 2-20
- the tumor volume increased with the passage of days, whereas in the mice administered with the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention, the tumor volume was almost constant. Suppressed or diminished and a marked antitumor effect was confirmed.
- the mice administered with the unit structure of the present invention did not lose weight.
- Renal cancer cells (OS-RC-2) were transplanted subcutaneously into 9-week-old male BALB / c-nu mice at 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / 200 ⁇ l.
- the tail vein was administered once for 20 days.
- RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed in the same manner as in ⁇ Anti-tumor effect 2 of unit structure> above.
- RT-PCR was performed using the obtained cDNA
- the expression level (average value) of hVEGF mRNA in the saline-administered group, the naked siRNA-administered group, and the pharmaceutical preparation-administered group was each a relative value to the housekeeping gene.
- This result shows that the high RNAi effect by sihVEGF and siPLK1 is exerted in the pharmaceutical preparation administration group, and supports the antitumor effect.
- the half-life of the fluorescence intensity derived from Alexa 647 was 57 minutes.
- the half-life of the fluorescence intensity derived from Alexa 647 in the pharmaceutical preparation B obtained using a block copolymer having a 37 kDa double-chain PEG was 160 minutes. From this, it was confirmed that the retention of siRNA in blood as long as about 1 hour can be realized by using double-stranded PEG as the hydrophilic polymer chain. Furthermore, it can be seen that the retention of siRNA in blood can be significantly improved by increasing the PEG chain length.
- the half-life of the fluorescence intensity derived from Alexa 647 is about 10 minutes when the N / P ratio is 1, about 55 minutes when the N / P ratio is 3, and the N / P ratio is When it was 5, it was about 75 minutes, and when the N / P ratio was 10, it was about 160 minutes. From this, it can be seen that by increasing the N / P ratio, the retention of siRNA in blood can be significantly improved.
- the unit structure of the present invention can be suitably applied in drug delivery systems such as nucleic acid drugs.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の別の局面によれば、上記ユニット構造型医薬組成物を含む医薬製剤が提供される。
本発明のさらに別の局面によれば、上記ユニット構造型医薬組成物を形成し得るブロックコポリマーが提供される。該ブロックコポリマーは、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントと親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントとを有し、該カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントが、該ユニット構造型医薬組成物に含有されるべき核酸の負電荷を相殺して該ユニット構造型医薬組成物を電気的に中性にする正電荷を有し、該親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントが、該核酸を覆う鎖長を有する。
本発明のユニット構造体は、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントと親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントとを有するブロックコポリマーと、核酸とを含み、該カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの正電荷と該核酸の負電荷とが相殺されて電気的に中性であり、該核酸が該親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントに覆われている。このようにカチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの電荷量と核酸の電荷量との関係を調整し、かつ、核酸を親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントで覆うことにより、血液中のタンパクや酵素に対する電荷的な誘引や物理的(電荷に依存しない)な接近に起因した該核酸の代謝または分解を防止できるので、カチオン性ポリマー型キャリアにおける核酸の血中滞留性能を大幅に向上できる。
本発明のユニット構造体を形成し得るブロックコポリマーは、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントと親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントとを有する。1つの実施形態においては、該カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントが、該ユニット構造体に含有されるべき核酸の負電荷を相殺して該ユニット構造体を電気的に中性にする正電荷を有し、該親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントが、該核酸を覆う鎖長を有する。親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントは、例えば、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの端部(片端または両端)に配置され得る。また、該端部に代えてまたは加えて、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの中間部分(好ましくは略中央部分)の側鎖にグラフトされてもよく、2つの隣接するカチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの間に配置されてもよい。2つの隣接するカチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの間に配置される場合、親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントは、これらカチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの配列方向と交差する方向に伸びるように配置されることが望ましい。
Rg=0.181×DP0.58 (1)
R1a~R1dは、相互に独立して、水素原子、未置換もしくは置換された炭素数1~12の直鎖または分枝状のアルキル基、あるいは以下の式(I)で表される基であり、
R2は、水素原子、炭素数1~12の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルキル基あるいは炭素数1~24の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルキルカルボニル基であり、
R3は、ヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~12の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルキルオキシ基、炭素数2~12の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数2~12の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルキニルオキシ基あるいは炭素数1~12の未置換もしくは置換された直鎖または分枝状のアルキル置換イミノ基であり、
R4aおよびR4bは、相互に独立して、メチレン基またはエチレン基を表し、
R5aおよびR5bは、相互に独立して、下記の基:
-NH-(CH2)p1-〔NH-(CH2)q1-〕r1NH2 (i);
-NH-(CH2)p2-N〔-(CH2)q2-NH2〕2 (ii);
-NH-(CH2)p3-N{〔-(CH2)q3-NH2〕〔-(CH2)q4-NH-〕r2H} (iii);および
-NH-(CH2)p4-N{-(CH2)q5-N〔-(CH2)q6-NH2〕2}2 (iv)
よりなる群の同一もしくは異なる基から選ばれ、
ここで、p1~p4、q1~6、およびr1~2は、それぞれ相互に独立して、1~5の整数であり、
Qは、-NH2、-NHC(=NH)NH2、または以下の式(II)で表される基であり、
x1~x4は、相互に独立して、110~2,000の整数であり、
y、z、およびvは、相互に独立して、0~60の整数であり、ただし、5≦y+z+v≦60の関係を満たし、
wは、1~6の整数であり、
lおよびmは、相互に独立して、0~5の整数であり、
nは、0または1である。)
-NH-(CH2)p1-〔NH-(CH2)q1-〕r1NH2 (i);
-NH-(CH2)p2-N〔-(CH2)q2-NH2〕2 (ii);
-NH-(CH2)p3-N{〔-(CH2)q3-NH2〕〔-(CH2)q4-NH-〕r2H} (iii);および
-NH-(CH2)p4-N{-(CH2)q5-N〔-(CH2)q6-NH2〕2}2 (iv)
よりなる群から選ばれる基は、同一の基であることが好ましく、式(i)の基であることがさらに好ましい。また、p1~p4およびq1~6は、それぞれ相互に独立して2または3であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2である。一方、r1およびr2は、それぞれ相互に独立して、1~3の整数であることが好ましい。R5aおよびR5bの基は、属する繰り返し単位全てについて同一の基が選択されてもよく、各々の繰り返し単位について異なる基が選択されてもよい。
上記核酸としては、プリンまたはピリミジン塩基、ペントース、リン酸からなるヌクレオチドを基本単位とするポリもしくはオリゴヌクレオチドを意味し、オリゴもしくはポリ二本鎖RNA、オリゴもしくはポリ二本鎖DNA、オリゴもしくはポリ一本鎖DNAおよびオリゴもしくはポリ一本鎖RNAを挙げることができる。また、同一の鎖にRNAとDNAが混在したオリゴもしくはポリ2本鎖核酸、オリゴもしくはポリ1本鎖核酸も含まれる。当該核酸に含有されるヌクレオチドは天然型であっても、化学修飾された非天然型のものであっても良く、またアミノ基、チオール基、蛍光化合物などの分子が付加されたものであっても良い。
本発明のユニット構造体は、例えば、上記ブロックコポリマーとsiRNA等の核酸とを、必要により緩衝化された水溶液(例えば、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、HEPES緩衝液)中で混合することにより調製することができる。
本発明の医薬製剤は、A項に記載のユニット構造体を含む。1つの実施形態において、本発明の医薬製剤は、必要により緩衝化された水溶液中で上記ブロックコポリマーと核酸とを好ましくは1.0~2.5、より好ましくは1.1~2.0、さらに好ましくは1.2~1.6のN/P比となるように混合することによって得られ得る。このようなN/P比とすることにより、遊離の核酸またはブロックコポリマーが減少し、上記ユニット構造体を高い含有率で含む医薬製剤が得られ得る。また、N/P比を1.1~2.0、さらには1.2~1.6、の範囲に設定することで、ユニット構造体の含有率を高めつつ核酸と静電結合していないブロックコポリマー(遊離のブロックコポリマー)を一定量含ませた医薬製剤によれば、遊離のブロックコポリマーによる遊離核酸の再捕捉作用と、対象細胞に向けたユニット構造体からの円滑な核酸リリースとを高次にバランスさせることができるため、核酸の血中滞留性の向上と抗腫瘍効果をより顕著に両立できる。ここで、N/P比とは、[ブロックコポリマー中のカチオン性基の総数(N)]/[核酸中のリン酸基の総数(P)]を意味する。
イオン交換カラム(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン社製、製品名「CM-Sephadex C-50」)で精製した下記式(3)に示す2本鎖型のポリ(エチレングリコール)誘導体(日油社製、製品名「SUNBRIGHT GL2-400PA」、平均分子量=42,000Da(21,000Da×2))0.80gと、チオ尿素1.07gとをナスフラスコに量り取り、アルゴン置換の後、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)12mlを加えた。該混合物を加熱して溶解させ、さらに2時間撹拌した。Nε-トリフルオロアセチル-L-リシン N-カルボン酸無水物(Lys(TFA)-NCA)0.13g(25当量相当)をアルゴン下でナスフラスコに量り取り、DMF2mlに溶解した。得られた溶液を上記2本鎖型のPEGが入ったナスフラスコにシリンジで加えた。アルゴン下25℃の水浴中で撹拌しながら2日間反応させた。IRでNCA特有の吸収ピークの消失を確認した後、メタノール7mlを加えた。得られた溶液を210mlの冷ジエチルエーテル中に撹拌しながら注ぎ、再沈殿させた。上清を取り除き、メタノール14mlを加え加熱して再溶解させた後、冷ジエチルエーテルを注ぎ込み再沈殿させることをさらに2回繰り返した。沈殿をフィルターでろ過し、真空乾燥してPEG-PLys(TFA)の白色粉末を0.85g得た。0.40gのPEG-PLys(TFA)をメタノール40mlに溶解した。得られた溶液に1N NaOH水溶液4mlを加え35℃の水浴中で撹拌しながら17時間反応させた。反応液を透析チューブ(MWCO=6,000~8,000)に入れ、0.01N塩酸を外液として4回、純水を外液として3回透析を行った。チューブ内液を凍結乾燥することにより、PEG-PLys(塩酸塩)の白色粉末を0.35g得た。1H-NMRにより、PLysの重合度は20と決定された。また、GPCにより、ブロックコポリマー:PEG-PLys(21×2-20)が得られたことが確認された。
ブロックコポリマーとsiRNAとを、10mM HEPES緩衝液(pH7.3)に別々に溶解し、所定のN/P比となるように混合することによって、医薬製剤を調製した。用いたsiRNAの配列を以下に示す(小文字は2’-O-メチル化修飾部位を表す)。なお、siRNAは、必要に応じて、Cy5等の蛍光分子で標識して用いた。また、siRNAの5’末端は脱リン酸化されている。
(1)siGL3(ホタルルシフェラーゼに対するsiRNA):
センス鎖:5’-CUUACGCUGAGUACUUCGAdTdT-3’(配列番号1)
アンチセンス鎖:5’-UCGAAGUACUCAGCGUAAGdTdT-3’(配列番号2)
(2)sihVEGF(ヒト血管内皮成長因子に対するsiRNA):
センス鎖:5’-GAUCUCAUCAGGGUACUCCdTdT-3’(配列番号3)
アンチセンス鎖:5’-GGAGUACCCUGAUGAGAUCdTdT-3’(配列番号4)
(3)siPLK1(ポロ様キナーゼ1に対するsiRNA):
センス鎖:5’-AGAuCACCCuCCUuAAAuAUU-3’(配列番号5)
アンチセンス鎖:5’-UAUUUAAgGAGGGUGAuCUUU-3’(配列番号6)
種々のブロックコポリマーとCy5-siGL3とを用いて調製した医薬製剤(N/P=1)中のユニット構造体の構成を表1に示す。各測定条件は以下の通りである。
(1)ポリリシンの重合度
核磁気共鳴装置(日本電子社製、製品名「JNM-ECS400」)を用い、溶媒:D2O、温度:25℃で、核磁気共鳴スペクトル(1H-NMRスペクトル)を測定した。1H-NMRスペクトルからポリリシン側鎖のメチレン基数を算出することにより、ポリリシンの重合度を求めた。
(2)ユニット構造体の分子量
分析用超遠心機(ベックマン・コールター社製、製品名「Optima XL-A」を用いて、150mM NaClを含む10mM HEPES緩衝液中で20℃にて、ユニット構造体の分子量を測定した。
(3)ユニット構造体中のsiRNA数
40×対物レンズ(C-Apochromat、Carl Zeiss社製)およびConfoCor3モジュールを搭載した共焦点レーザスキャン顕微鏡(Carl Zeiss社製、製品名「LSM510」)を用い、蛍光相関分光法によって、150mM NaClを含む10mM HEPES緩衝液中で室温にて、Cy5-siRNA由来の蛍光分子数を測定した。siRNAのみの時の蛍光分子数を基準にして、ユニット構造体中のsiRNA数を見積もった。
(4)ユニット構造体中のブロックコポリマーの数
PEGの分子量および上記(1)~(3)の値から算出した。
6週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスに、異なるブロックコポリマーを用いて調製した医薬製剤(N/P=1.4)、またはnaked siRNAを尾静脈投与した。このとき、siRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように投与した。また、ユニット構造体を形成するsiRNAとして、Cy5-siGL3を用いた。その後、経時的にマウスから血液サンプルをヘパリンで回収し、血清中のCy5量を超微量分光光度計(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、製品名「ナノドロップ」)で定量した。次いで、次式によってsiRNAの血中滞留率を求めた。各医薬製剤の投与後10分におけるsiRNAの血中滞留率(N=3)を図2Aに示す。また、医薬製剤の投与後120分までのsiRNAの血中滞留率の変化(N=1)を図2Bに示す。
siRNAの血中滞留率(%)={(血清中のCy5量)/(投与した全Cy5量)}×100
6週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスの皮下に腎がん細胞(OS-RC-2)を1×107個/200μl移植した。がん細胞移植後6日目に各マウスに、異なるブロックコポリマーを用いて調製した医薬製剤(N/P=1.4)を尾静脈投与した。このとき、siRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように投与した。また、ユニット構造体を形成するsiRNAとして、Cy5-siGL3を用いた。投与から4時間後に、皮下移植がん組織を摘出し、IVISにてCy5の蛍光強度を測定した。結果を図3に示す。
腎がん細胞(OS-RC-2)を12ウェルの培養ディッシュに80%コンフルエントとなるように播種し、10%FCS、ペニシリン(100U/ml)、およびストレプトマイシン(100μg/ml)を含むRPMI培地で48時間培養した。次いで、培地を交換するとともに、異なるブロックコポリマーを用いて調製した医薬製剤(N/P=1.4)、またはnaked siRNAを添加した。このとき、siRNA濃度が900nM/ウェルとなるように添加した。また、ユニット構造体を形成するsiRNAとしてsiPLK1またはsiGL3(対照)を用いた。48時間培養した後、製品名「Cell Counting Kit8」(同仁化学研究所社製)によって生細胞数を測定し、細胞生存率を算出した(N=4)。結果を図4に示す。
6週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスの皮下に腎がん細胞(OS-RC-2)を1×107個/200μl移植した。がん細胞移植後6日目から各マウスに、siRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように異なるsiRNAを用いて調製した医薬製剤(N/P=1.4)、または生理食塩水を3日に1回39日目まで尾静脈投与した。このとき、ユニット構造体を形成するブロックコポリマーとしてPEG-PLys(21×2-20)を用いた。また、sihVEGFとsiPLK1との両方を投与する群については、各siRNAを等量(モル基準)ずつ用いた。投与開始後の経過日数と生存マウス数との関係を図5に示す(N=7)。
9週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスの皮下に腎がん細胞(OS-RC-2)を1×107個/200μl移植した。がん腫瘤が初めて認められた日を治療1日目として、各マウスにsiRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように医薬製剤(N/P=1.4)、naked siRNA、または生理食塩水を毎日1回、20日間尾静脈投与した。このとき、ユニット構造体を形成するsiRNAとしてsihVEGFを用い、ブロックコポリマーとしてPEG-PLys(21×2-20)を用いた。投与開始後の腫瘍体積の変化および体重の変化をそれぞれ図6Aおよび図6Bに示す(N=8~10)。
9週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスの皮下に腎がん細胞(OS-RC-2)を1×107個/200μl移植した。がん腫瘤が初めて認められた日を治療1日目として、各マウスにsiRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように医薬製剤(N/P=2.5)、naked siRNA、または生理食塩水を毎日1回、20日間尾静脈投与した。このとき、ユニット構造体を形成するsiRNAとしてsihVEGFとsiPLK1とを等量(モル基準)ずつ用い、ブロックコポリマーとしてPEG-PLys(21×2-20)を用いた。投与開始後の腫瘍体積の変化および体重の変化をそれぞれ図7Aおよび図7Bに示す(N=8~10)。
6週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスに、表2に示す医薬製剤(N/P=10)を尾静脈投与した。このとき、siRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように投与した。また、siRNAとして、Alexa647-siGL3を用いた。その後、経時的にマウスから血液サンプルをヘパリンで回収し、血清中のAlexa647量を超微量分光光度計(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、製品名「ナノドロップ」)で定量した。
6週齢の雄性BALB/c-nuマウスに、種々のN/P比となるように調製した医薬製剤を尾静脈投与した。このとき、siRNAの投与量が24μgとなるように投与した。また、siRNAとしてAlexa647‐siGLを用い、ブロックコポリマーとしてPEG-PLys(37×2-19)を用いた。血中滞留性に関しては、生体内共焦点蛍光顕微鏡(ニコン社製、製品名「A1R」)によりマウス耳介真皮深層の血流中を流れるAlexa647‐siGLの蛍光強度を測定することにより算出した。
10 ブロックコポリマー
11 カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメント
12 親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントの空間的な広がり
20 核酸
Claims (9)
- カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントと親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントとを有するブロックコポリマーと、核酸とを含み、該カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントの正電荷と該核酸の負電荷とが相殺されて電気的に中性であり、該核酸が該親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントに覆われている、ユニット構造型医薬組成物。
- 前記ブロックコポリマーが前記親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントを2つ以上有する、請求項1に記載のユニット構造型医薬組成物。
- 2つ以上の前記ブロックコポリマーを含む、請求項1または2に記載のユニット構造型医薬組成物。
- 2つの前記ブロックコポリマーを含み、それぞれのブロックコポリマーにおける前記カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントが18~22個のカチオン性アミノ酸残基を含む、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のユニット構造型医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のユニット構造型医薬組成物を含む、医薬製剤。
- 核酸と静電結合していない前記ブロックコポリマーをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の医薬製剤。
- [ブロックコポリマー中のカチオン性基の総数(N)]/[核酸中のリン酸基の総数(P)]として定義されるN/P比が、3以上である、請求項5または6に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記N/P比が、5以上である、請求項7に記載の医薬製剤。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のユニット構造型医薬組成物を形成し得るブロックコポリマーであって、カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントと親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントとを有し、該カチオン性ポリアミノ酸セグメントが、該ユニット構造型医薬組成物に含有されるべき核酸の負電荷を相殺して該ユニット構造型医薬組成物を電気的に中性にする正電荷を有し、該親水性ポリマー鎖セグメントが、該核酸を覆う鎖長を有する、ブロックコポリマー。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2842546A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
US20150080454A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
US11020418B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
JP2018008989A (ja) | 2018-01-18 |
US9808480B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
JPWO2013162041A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2842546A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
JP2017105800A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
US20180042955A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
JP6355145B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
JP6195171B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
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