WO2013153782A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013153782A1 WO2013153782A1 PCT/JP2013/002334 JP2013002334W WO2013153782A1 WO 2013153782 A1 WO2013153782 A1 WO 2013153782A1 JP 2013002334 W JP2013002334 W JP 2013002334W WO 2013153782 A1 WO2013153782 A1 WO 2013153782A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circulation circuit
- fuel cell
- coolant
- radiator
- pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a fuel cell system that cools a fuel cell by circulating a coolant between a fuel cell unit and a radiator.
- a radiator provided in a coolant circulation circuit for cooling the fuel cell unit is connected to an upstream side of the circulation circuit and a downstream side of the radiator, and the coolant is bypassed to bypass the radiator.
- the bypass passage to flow, the pump device provided downstream from the junction of the bypass passage to the circulation circuit, and the coolant passing through the radiator and the bypass passage provided at the junction of the bypass passage to the circulation circuit There is known a fuel cell system including a three-way valve device that adjusts a flow rate ratio with respect to a coolant to be performed (see Patent Document 1 below).
- the pump device may not exhibit sufficient performance, which may cause problems such as insufficient circulation flow rate.
- the present inventors have intensively studied and a local low pressure part is formed between the inside of the three-way valve device and the inside of the pump device, and cavitation occurs, and the pump device exhibits sufficient performance by this cavitation. I found it impossible. That is, it has been found that if the occurrence of cavitation is suppressed, the pump device can sufficiently exhibit performance.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel cell system in which generation of cavitation is suppressed and the pump device can sufficiently exhibit performance.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell unit having a fuel cell, a circulation circuit in which a coolant circulates so as to cool the fuel cell, and a heat provided to the coolant to the outside.
- the radiator to be discharged and branch from the circulation circuit at the branch position upstream of the coolant flow from the radiator and connected to the circulation circuit at the merge position downstream of the coolant flow from the radiator to bypass the radiator.
- a pump device provided on the downstream side of the flow to circulate the coolant in the circulation circuit, and connected to the circulation circuit at the connection position upstream of the coolant flow with respect to the pump device, and the pressure in the circulation circuit at the connection position is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- a pressure regulating device for adjusting the predetermined pressure range is arranged on the upstream side of the coolant flow from the connection position.
- the pressure in the circulation circuit can be set to a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure at the connection point where the pressure regulator is connected to the circulation circuit. Therefore, even if the pressure loss in the three-way valve device is large, there is a local low-pressure portion that generates cavitation between the connection point on the downstream side of the coolant flow from the three-way valve device and the inside of the pump device. It becomes difficult to generate. Thereby, it can suppress that cavitation generate
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the control characteristic of the water pump with respect to the temperature of the coolant in the exit of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the control characteristic of the water pump with respect to the emitted-heat amount of the fuel cell of the fuel cell stack of 1st Embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 1 of the present embodiment can be used as a power source that is mounted on, for example, a vehicle and supplies power to a traveling electric motor or the like.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 10 (FC stack), a circulation circuit 20, a radiator 30, a radiator cap 40, a rotary valve 50, a water pump 60, a control device 100 (ECU), and the like. ing.
- the FC stack 10 has a plurality of fuel cell cells that generate electric power by utilizing an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be used as the fuel cell.
- the type of the fuel cell is not limited to this, and may be a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, or the like.
- the FC stack 10 may be used as an example of a fuel cell unit having a fuel cell.
- the circulation circuit 20 is a circuit that circulates the coolant to the outside of the FC stack 10 so that the coolant that cools the fuel cell flows out of the FC stack 10 and returns to the FC stack 10.
- the circulation circuit 20 connects the coolant outlet at the lower part of the FC stack 10 to the coolant inlet at the upper part of the figure.
- the cooling liquid for example, a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water can be used in order to prevent freezing at low temperatures.
- the radiator 30 is provided in the circulation circuit 20, and discharges the heat of the coolant to the outside by heat exchange with the outside air.
- the radiator cap 40 is attached to, for example, a tank portion of the radiator 30.
- the radiator cap 40 is connected to a reserve tank 41 for storing excess coolant.
- the reserve tank 41 is, for example, a semitransparent container made of resin, and is a so-called simple sealed type reserve tank whose internal pressure is always equal to atmospheric pressure.
- the radiator 30 may be used as an example of a radiator that is provided in the circulation circuit 20 and discharges heat of the cooling liquid to the outside.
- the radiator cap 40 has a negative pressure valve and a pressure valve (high pressure valve).
- the radiator cap 40 opens the negative pressure valve when the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 becomes equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure, and moves the coolant in the reserve tank 41 into the circulation circuit 20. Further, the radiator cap 40 opens the pressure valve when the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 becomes a predetermined pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, and moves the coolant in the circulation circuit 20 into the reserve tank 41. It has become.
- the radiator cap 40 is directly connected to the radiator 30 that forms a part of the circulation circuit 20.
- the radiator cap 40 may be used as an example of a pressure adjusting device that adjusts the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 to a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure at a connection point (connection position) with the circulation circuit 20.
- the circulation circuit 20 is provided with a bypass passage 21 that bypasses the radiator 30 and distributes the coolant. That is, the bypass passage 21 branches from the circulation circuit 20 at a branch point (branch position) on the upstream side of the coolant flow with respect to the radiator 30 and at the junction point (joint position) on the downstream side of the coolant flow with respect to the radiator 30. 20 is connected.
- the rotary valve 50 is a valve device that is provided at a branch point where the bypass passage 21 branches from the circulation circuit 20 and adjusts the flow rate ratio between the coolant passing through the radiator 30 and the coolant passing through the bypass passage 21.
- the rotary valve 50 may be used as an example of a three-way valve device that is provided in the circulation circuit 20 and adjusts the flow rate ratio between the coolant that passes through the radiator and the coolant that passes through the bypass passage 21.
- the rotary valve 50 includes, for example, a resin housing 51, a valve body 52 rotatably disposed in the housing 51, and the housing 51 and the valve body 52.
- a rubber packing 53 made of rubber is provided.
- the rotary valve 50 has a cooling liquid inlet 51a formed on the lower side of FIG. Further, a first outlet 51b (first opening) is formed on the left side of FIG. 2 to allow the coolant to flow out to the radiator 30 side, and the coolant flows out to the bypass passage 21 side on the right side of FIG. A second outlet 51c (second opening) is formed.
- the valve body 52 has a rotation shaft extending in the up-down direction shown in FIG. 2 (the front and back direction in FIG. 3), and the introduction port 51a is always open, and the first outlet 51b is opened along with the rotation. And the opening degree of the second outlet 51c are changed.
- the valve body 52 is integrally formed and forms a common valve body that changes the opening degree of the first outlet 51b and the opening degree of the second outlet 51c. 2 shows a state in which the valve body 52 opens only the second outlet 51c of the outlets 51b and 51c, and FIG. 3 shows that the valve body 52 has the outlets 51b and 51c substantially equally. The open state is shown.
- the bypass passage 21 is provided with a coolant passage connected in parallel, and an ion adsorption device 75 serving as an ion adsorption means is disposed in the coolant passage.
- the ion adsorption device 75 is filled with, for example, an ion exchange resin. Since the coolant comes into contact with the fuel cell in the FC stack 10, ions are adsorbed and removed from the coolant in the ion adsorber 75, thereby suppressing an increase in the conductivity of the coolant.
- the water pump 60 is disposed on the downstream side of the coolant flow from the junction of the bypass passage 21 to the circulation circuit 20 in the circulation circuit 20. That is, the water pump 60 is disposed downstream of the junction of the bypass passage 21 to the circulation circuit 20 and upstream of the FC stack 10.
- the water pump 60 is a circulation pump for circulating the coolant through the circulation circuit 20.
- the water pump 60 can be, for example, a pump device that rotates an impeller in a pump housing.
- the water pump 60 may be used as an example of a pump device that is provided on the downstream side of the coolant flow with respect to the junction of the circulation circuit 20 and the bypass passage 21 and circulates the coolant in the circulation circuit 20.
- the circulation circuit 20 is provided with a temperature sensor 80 as temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the coolant flowing out from the FC stack 10 in the vicinity of the connection end to the coolant outlet of the FC stack 10.
- the circulation circuit 20 is provided with a coolant passage that bypasses the FC stack 10, and an intercooler 70 is disposed in the coolant passage.
- the intercooler 70 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the air supplied to the fuel cell of the FC stack 10 and the coolant, and adjusts the temperature of the air supplied to the fuel cell to a suitable temperature. .
- the coolant passages such as the circulation circuit 20 and the bypass passage 21 are constituted by, for example, pipe members.
- the radiator 30 outlet side passage and the bypass passage 21 are preferably formed of a resin or metal pipe member having relatively high rigidity.
- the ECU100 is a control means for controlling the system.
- the ECU 100 inputs information related to the calorific value of the fuel cell output from the FC stack 10 or a physical quantity related to the calorific value (for example, power generation) and temperature information output from the temperature sensor 80, and based on the input information, the ECU 100 rotates.
- the operation of the valve 50 and the water pump 60 is controlled.
- the ECU100 controls the water pump 60 based on the temperature information of the cooling fluid in the exit of the FC stack 10 which the temperature sensor 80 detects, and the calorific value information from the FC stack 10, for example.
- the ECU 100 shows the control characteristics (rotation speed R1) of the water pump 60 corresponding to the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the FC stack 10 as shown in FIG. 4, and the calorific value of the FC stack 10 as shown in FIG.
- the control characteristic (rotation speed R2) of the water pump 60 corresponding to is stored in advance.
- the ECU 100 compares the value of the rotational speed R1 derived from the input information and the stored control characteristic with the value of the rotational speed R2, and operates the water pump 60 at the higher rotational speed. .
- the ECU 100 controls the rotary valve 50 based on the coolant temperature information at the outlet of the FC stack 10 detected by the temperature sensor 80, for example.
- the ECU 100 stores in advance the control characteristics of the rotary valve 50 (that is, the operating angle (rotation angle) of the valve body 52) corresponding to the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the FC stack 10, as shown in FIG. Then, the ECU 100 controls the operation of the valve body 52 of the rotary valve 50 so that the operating angle is derived from the input temperature information and the stored control characteristics.
- the ECU 100 when the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the FC stack 10 is 70 ° C. or higher, the ECU 100 fully opens the first outlet 51b and fully closes the second outlet 51c so as to reduce the total amount of the circulating coolant. Distribute to the radiator 30. When the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the FC stack 10 is 60 ° C. or less, the ECU 100 fully closes the first outlet 51b and fully opens the second outlet 51c, and bypasses the entire amount of circulating coolant. 21.
- the coolant is passed through the radiator 30 and the bypass passage with an intermediate opening degree that opens both the first outlet 51b and the second outlet 51c. 21 and distribute to both.
- the temperature of the fuel cell whose temperature is adjusted by the coolant can be about 65 ° C.
- the example which changes linearly according to the temperature of the cooling fluid in the FC stack exit was shown as an operation angle characteristic of intermediate opening in FIG. 6, it is not limited to this.
- the radiator cap 40 is disposed so as to be connected to the circulation circuit 20 on the upstream side of the coolant flow with respect to the water pump 60, and is connected to the circulation circuit 20 ( At the connection position), the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 is adjusted to a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the rotary valve 50 is provided on the upstream side of the coolant flow in the circulation circuit 20 with respect to the connection arrangement point of the radiator cap 40. That is, the radiator cap 40 is disposed between the rotary valve 50 and the water pump 60 of the circulation circuit 20.
- the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 can be set within a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, even if the pressure loss due to the rotary valve 50 is large, the connection arrangement point of the radiator cap 40 on the downstream side of the coolant flow from the rotary valve 50 and the water pump 60 (specifically, the water pump 60 It is difficult to generate a local low-pressure portion that generates cavitation with the inside. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cavitation. In this way, it is possible to prevent the water pump 60 from securing a sufficient flow rate or to generate erosion in the water pump 60, and the water pump 60 can sufficiently exhibit performance.
- the coolant flows through the circulation circuit 20 of the fuel cell system 1 at a higher flow rate than the coolant circulation circuit of the internal combustion engine. This is because it is desired to reduce the temperature distribution in the FC stack 10 in order to improve the efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells.
- the coolant is circulated through the circulation circuit 20 at a high flow rate, cavitation is likely to occur from the inside of the rotary valve 50 to the inside of the water pump 60. According to the fuel cell system 1 to which the present disclosure is applied, It is possible to suppress the occurrence of cavitation.
- a radiator cap 40 is used as a pressure adjusting device that adjusts the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 to a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure at a connection point arranged and connected to the radiator 30.
- the radiator cap 40 may be used as an example of a pressure regulating valve.
- the radiator cap 40 that is disposed (directly attached) and connected to the radiator 30 is provided between the rotary valve 50 and the water pump 60 of the circulation circuit 20, thereby connecting the radiator cap 40. And cavitation between the inside of the water pump 60 can be suppressed.
- the sum of the opening areas at the intermediate opening where the valve body 52 opens both the first outlet 51b and the second outlet 51c is It becomes smaller than the opening area when either one of the first outlet 51b and the second outlet 51c is fully opened.
- the alternate long and short dash line is the opening area of each opening 51b, 51c with respect to the operating angle of the valve body 52, and the solid line indicates the sum of them.
- the rotary valve 50 of the present embodiment has the smallest total opening area when the first outlet 51b and the second outlet 51c are equally opened. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the pressure loss (flow resistance) of the coolant passing through the opening increases as the total sum of the opening areas decreases.
- the second embodiment is an example in which the present disclosure is applied to a system including a so-called completely sealed reserve tank.
- symbol is attached
- the fuel cell system of this embodiment includes a pressure adjustment mechanism 140.
- the pressure adjustment mechanism 140 includes a communication path 141 provided in parallel to the circulation circuit 20, a reserve tank 41A provided in the communication path 141, and a cap 40A attached to the reserve tank 41A.
- the pressure adjustment mechanism 140 may be used as an example of a pressure adjustment device, and the cap 40A may be used as an example of a pressure adjustment valve provided in the communication path 141.
- the upstream end 141a and the downstream end 141b of the communication path 141 are in communication with the circulation circuit 20.
- the upstream end 141 a is connected to the tank portion of the radiator 30 that forms part of the circulation circuit 20 and communicates with the inside of the radiator 30.
- the downstream end 141b is connected to a portion of the circulation circuit 20 that is located downstream of the radiator 30 and upstream of the junction with the bypass passage 21, and communicates with the inside of the circulation circuit 20. Yes. Therefore, the downstream communication position where the downstream end 141b and the circulation circuit 20 are connected may correspond to the connection position of the pressure regulator to the circulation circuit.
- the cap 40A has the same configuration as the radiator cap 40 described in the first embodiment. Therefore, the reserve tank 41A is a so-called completely sealed reserve tank in which the internal pressure is adjusted to a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, the downstream end 141b of the communication path 141 whose pressure is adjusted by the cap 40A is provided between the rotary valve 50 and the water pump 60 of the circulation circuit 20, so that the connection point of the downstream end 141b of the communication path 141 is simplified. And cavitation between the inside of the water pump 60 can be suppressed. (Third embodiment) Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- 3rd Embodiment differs in the connection position to the circulation circuit 20 of the downstream end 141b of the communicating path 141 compared with 2nd Embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the downstream end 141 b of the communication path 141 is downstream of the junction with the bypass path 21 in the circulation circuit 20 and more than the water pump 60. It connects with the part located in an upstream, and is connected with the inside of the circulation circuit 20.
- FIG. The downstream communication position where the downstream end 141b and the circulation circuit 20 are connected may correspond to the connection position of the pressure regulator to the circulation circuit.
- the rotary valve 50 is disposed at the junction of the bypass passage 21 to the circulation circuit 20. Accordingly, the inlet 51a described in the first embodiment is an outlet for the coolant, and both outlets 51b and 51c are inlets for the coolant.
- the rotary valve 50 may be disposed at a branch point between the circulation circuit 20 and the bypass passage 21.
- the fourth embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a pressurizing device that pressurizes the inside of the reserve tank is provided.
- a pressurizing device that pressurizes the inside of the reserve tank.
- the fuel cell system of this embodiment includes a pressurizing device 90.
- the pressurizing device 90 includes a compressor 91 that compresses air, an introduction pipe 92 that introduces compressed air generated by the compressor 91 into the reserve tank 41B, and a check valve that prevents backflow of fluid in the introduction pipe 92. 93.
- the upstream end of the introduction pipe 92 is branched and connected to a supply pipe 95 that supplies the compressed air generated by the compressor 91 to the fuel cell of the FC stack 10 via the intercooler 70.
- the reserve tank 41B according to the present embodiment is a so-called completely sealed reserve tank, similar to the reserve tank 41A according to the second and third embodiments. However, as shown in FIG. 12, the reserve tank 41B is different from the reserve tank 41A in that it has an air inlet 413. A downstream end of the introduction pipe 92 is connected to the air introduction port 413.
- the reserve tank 41B is a translucent container made of, for example, resin, and has an inlet 411 and an outlet 412 for the coolant.
- the inflow port 411 is connected to the downstream end of the upstream portion of the communication path 141 that extends from the upstream end 141a.
- the outflow port 412 is connected to the upstream end of the downstream portion of the communication path 141 that extends to the downstream end 141b.
- a partition wall 414 is erected from the bottom, and the interior is divided into two storage parts.
- the inflow port 411 is formed at a position facing the storage portion on the left side in the drawing
- the outflow port 412 is formed at a position facing the storage portion on the right side in the drawing. Therefore, the coolant that flows in from the inlet 411 and overflows beyond the partition wall 414 can flow out of the outlet 412.
- the aforementioned air inlet 413 is formed in the ceiling portion of the reserve tank 41B.
- the inside of the communication path 141 is pressurized by the pressurizing device 90 via the reserve tank 41B.
- the pressure in the communication path 141 can be made relatively high in a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure adjusted by the cap 40A. Accordingly, at the connection point where the downstream end 141b of the communication path 141 is connected to the circulation circuit 20, the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 can be set to a relatively high pressure within a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure. Therefore, it is possible to reliably suppress the occurrence of cavitation between the connection point of the downstream end 141 b to the circulation circuit 20 and the inside of the water pump 60.
- the pressure adjusting mechanism 140 includes a reserve tank 41B that is provided in the communication path 141 and stores excess coolant.
- the pressurizing device 90 reserves the compressor 91 and the compressed air generated by the compressor 91.
- a supply pipe 95 for supplying the compressed air generated by the compressor 91 to the fuel cell is provided.
- the compressed air generated by the compressor 91 can be supplied also to the fuel cell via the supply pipe 95. Therefore, the compressor 91 can be shared as a pressurizing source for the communication path 141 and an air supply source for the fuel cell. In other words, there is no need to provide a dedicated compressor serving as a pressure source for the communication path 141. Thereby, the structure of a fuel cell system can be simplified.
- a check valve 93 is provided in the introduction pipe 92. According to this, air can be prevented from flowing back through the introduction pipe 92 from within the reserve tank 41B, and it is easy to maintain the inside of the reserve tank 41B at a high pressure. Therefore, compressed air is introduced through the introduction pipe 92 only when the pressure in the reserve tank 41B becomes lower than the discharge pressure of the compressor 91. Thereby, the work amount of the compressor 91 can be suppressed.
- the air introduction port 413 to which the introduction pipe 92 is connected is formed in the ceiling portion of the reserve tank 41B and faces the air reservoir region above the coolant storage portion. According to this, it is possible to more reliably prevent the coolant in the reserve tank 41B from flowing backward through the introduction pipe 92 toward the compressor 91 and the FC stack 10.
- 5th Embodiment differs in the connection position to the circulation circuit 20 of the downstream end 141b of the communicating path 141 compared with 4th Embodiment. Note that portions similar to those in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the downstream end 141b of the communication path 141 is downstream of the junction with the bypass path 21 in the circulation circuit 20, as in the third embodiment. And it connects with the site
- the rotary valve 50 is also arranged at the junction of the bypass passage 21 to the circulation circuit 20 as in the third embodiment. According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the same effects as in the fourth embodiment can be obtained. In this embodiment as well, as in the third embodiment, the rotary valve 50 may be disposed at a branch point between the circulation circuit 20 and the bypass passage 21.
- the radiator cap 40 connected to the radiator 30 is used as an example of the pressure adjusting valve that is the pressure adjusting means.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a cap having the same configuration as that of the radiator cap 40 may be connected to the circulation circuit 20.
- the cap 40A attached to the reserve tank is employed as an example of the pressure regulating valve of the pressure regulating mechanism 140.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the cap 40A may be disposed in the communication path 141.
- the upstream end 141a of the communication path 141 is connected to the radiator 30, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the upstream end 141a may be connected to a portion of the circulation circuit 20 upstream of the radiator 30.
- the rotary valve 50 is employed as the three-way valve device, but is not limited to this.
- the flow rate ratio may be adjusted by a valve body that slides linearly.
- the rotary valve 50 is such that the total opening area at the intermediate opening is smaller than the opening area when only one of the openings is fully opened. Is not to be done.
- the sum of the opening areas at the time of the intermediate opening and the opening area when only one opening is fully opened may be the same.
- the sum total of the opening area at the time of intermediate opening may be larger than the opening area when only one opening is fully opened.
- the downstream end 141b of the communication passage 141 pressurized by the pressurizing device 90 via the reserve tank 41B is provided between the rotary valve 50 of the circulation circuit 20 and the water pump 60.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the inside of the communication path 141 may be pressurized by the pressurizing device 90.
- the pressure in the communication path 141 can be made relatively high in a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure adjusted by the cap 40A.
- the pressure in the circulation circuit 20 can be set to a relatively high pressure within a predetermined pressure range equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure.
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Abstract
Description
(第1実施形態)
本開示を適用した第1実施形態について、図1~図8を参照して説明する。
(第2実施形態)
次に、第2実施形態について図9に基づいて説明する。
(第3実施形態)
次に、第3実施形態について図10に基づいて説明する。
(第4実施形態)
次に、第4実施形態について図11および図12に基づいて説明する。
(第5実施形態)
次に、第5実施形態について図13に基づいて説明する。
Claims (7)
- 燃料電池を有する燃料電池ユニット(10)と、
前記燃料電池を冷却するように冷却液が循環する循環回路(20)と、
前記循環回路に設けられ、前記冷却液の熱を外部へ放出する放熱器(30)と、
前記放熱器よりも冷却液流れ上流側の分岐位置で前記循環回路から分岐するとともに前記放熱器よりも冷却液流れ下流側の合流位置で前記循環回路と接続され、前記放熱器を迂回して前記冷却液を流すバイパス通路(21)と、
前記循環回路に設けられ、前記放熱器を通過する前記冷却液と前記バイパス通路を通過する前記冷却液との流量比率を調節する三方弁装置(50)と、
前記循環回路の前記合流位置よりも冷却液流れ下流側に設けられ、前記冷却液を前記循環回路に循環させるポンプ装置(60)と、
前記ポンプ装置よりも冷却液流れ上流側の接続位置で前記循環回路に接続され、前記接続位置において前記循環回路内の圧力を大気圧以上の所定圧力範囲に調節する圧力調節装置(40、140)と、を備え、
前記三方弁装置を前記接続位置よりも冷却液流れ上流側に配設する燃料電池システム。 - 前記圧力調節装置(40)は、前記循環回路もしくは前記放熱器に配設され、前記配設された位置において前記循環回路に接続する圧力調整弁である請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記圧力調節装置(140)は、前記循環回路に対して並列に設けられて上流端(141a)および下流端(141b)が前記循環回路と連通する連通路(141)と、前記連通路に設けられた圧力調整弁(40A)と、を有し、
前記接続位置は、前記下流端(141b)が前記循環回路の連通する下流側連通位置である請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記連通路内を加圧する加圧装置(90)を備える請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記圧力調節装置は、前記連通路に設けられて余剰の前記冷却液を貯留するリザーブタンク(41B)を有し、
前記加圧装置は、空気を圧縮する圧縮機(91)と、前記圧縮機で生成した圧縮空気を前記リザーブタンク内へ導入する導入管(92)とを有する請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記圧縮機で生成した前記圧縮空気を前記燃料電池へ供給する供給管(95)を備える請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記三方弁装置は、
前記放熱器側の第1開口(51b)の開度および前記バイパス通路側の第2開口(51c)の開度を変更する共通の弁体(52)を有し、
前記弁体が前記第1開口および前記第2開口の両方を開く中間開度における開口面積の総和が、前記第1開口および前記第2開口のいずれか一方を開いたときの開口面積よりも小さい請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。
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US14/391,097 US9601787B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2013-04-04 | Fuel cell system having a circulating circuit, a radiator, a bypass passage and a three-way valve |
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