WO2013145743A1 - 電気分解装置及びこれを備えた温度調節水供給機 - Google Patents
電気分解装置及びこれを備えた温度調節水供給機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013145743A1 WO2013145743A1 PCT/JP2013/002103 JP2013002103W WO2013145743A1 WO 2013145743 A1 WO2013145743 A1 WO 2013145743A1 JP 2013002103 W JP2013002103 W JP 2013002103W WO 2013145743 A1 WO2013145743 A1 WO 2013145743A1
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- FESRYVBBESMTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCCC1CC1 Chemical compound NCCCC1CC1 FESRYVBBESMTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46145—Fluid flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
- C02F2201/4617—DC only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/006—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising a software program or a logic diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
- C02F2301/024—Turbulent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
- C02F2301/028—Tortuous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/043—Treatment of partial or bypass streams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyzer and a temperature-regulated water supply device such as a heat pump water heater, a combustion type water heater, an electric water heater, and a cooling tower provided with the same.
- Tap water and groundwater contain components (scale components) such as calcium ions and magnesium ions that cause scale. Therefore, in a temperature-controlled water supply device such as a water heater, scales such as calcium salt (for example, calcium carbonate) and magnesium salt may be deposited.
- a temperature-controlled water supply device such as a water heater
- scales such as calcium salt (for example, calcium carbonate) and magnesium salt may be deposited.
- water heat exchanger of the temperature-controlled water supply machine water is heated and the temperature of the water is increased, so that scale is particularly likely to precipitate. If the scale is deposited and deposited on the inner surface of the pipe in the water heat exchanger, there may be a problem that the heat transfer performance of the water heat exchanger is lowered or the flow path of the pipe is narrowed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a combustion type water heater provided with means for preventing scale generation.
- the scale component in water in order to suppress the scale from adhering in the water heat exchanger of the heat pump water heater, in the electrolysis apparatus provided upstream from the water heat exchanger, the scale component in water There has been proposed a technique for removing the water by electrolysis.
- this electrolysis apparatus when water is supplied into the container through the water inlet with a voltage applied to the electrode pair, a scale such as calcium carbonate is deposited on the cathode side of the electrode pair. Thereby, the density
- FIG. 12 of Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which water that has passed through the electrolysis apparatus is returned to the upstream side of the electrolysis apparatus and flows again into the electrolysis apparatus.
- the effect of improving the removal efficiency of the scale component is not sufficient only by adopting the technique disclosed herein.
- Measures for increasing the removal efficiency of scale components in the electrolysis apparatus include increasing the area of the electrode that comes into contact with water.
- the electrodes are made of materials such as platinum and titanium having excellent corrosion resistance, and these materials are expensive, increasing the area of the electrodes in order to increase the removal efficiency of scale components leads to an increase in cost.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyzer capable of enhancing the removal efficiency of scale components while suppressing an increase in cost due to an electrode material, and a temperature-controlled water supply device including the same.
- the electrolysis apparatus of the present invention is for removing scale components contained in water sent to the water heat exchanger.
- the electrolyzer has a container having a water inlet and a water outlet, a plurality of electrodes provided in the container, and stirring that stirs water flowing between adjacent electrodes between the water inlet and the water outlet. Means.
- FIG. 3 A is a cross-sectional view in which a part of FIG. 3 (A) is enlarged
- B is a cross-sectional view in which a part of FIG. 3 (B) is enlarged.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the modification 6 of the electrolyzer of 1st Embodiment.
- A is sectional drawing when the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment is cut
- B is a plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing when cut
- A) is a front view which shows the electrode plate of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment
- C) is The electrode plate in the modification 2 of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view which shows arrangement
- (A) is a front view which shows the electrode plate in the modification 4 of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment
- (A) is the front view which shows the electrode plate in the modification 6 of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment
- (B) is the BB sectional drawing of (A).
- (A) is sectional drawing which each shows the flow of the water in the container in the said modification 6
- (B) is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the water in the container in the modification 7, respectively.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the modification 8 of the electrolyzer of 2nd Embodiment.
- It is a block diagram which shows the heat pump water heater concerning other embodiment of this invention.
- (A), (B) is sectional drawing which shows the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment.
- (A) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 1 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (B) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 2 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (C ) Is a cross-sectional view showing a third modification of the electrolyzer according to the third embodiment.
- (A) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 4 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (B) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 5 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (C) Is sectional drawing which shows the modification 6 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (D) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 7 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment.
- (A) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 8 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (B) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 9 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (C ) Is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 10 of the electrolyzer according to the third embodiment.
- (A) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 11 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (B) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 12 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (C ) Is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 13 of the electrolyzer according to the third embodiment.
- (A), (B) is sectional drawing which shows the modification 14 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a side view which shows the modification 15 of the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment
- (B) is sectional drawing of the electrolyzer of the modification 15.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the cooling tower provided with the electrolyzer of 1st Embodiment or 2nd Embodiment, a combustion type water heater, or an electric water heater. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the cooling tower provided with the electrolyzer of 3rd Embodiment, a combustion type water heater, or an electric water heater.
- the heat pump water heater 11 includes a heat pump unit 13, a hot water storage unit 17, an electrolyzer 41, and a controller 32 that controls them.
- the hot water storage unit 17 includes a tank 15 for storing water, a pump 31, and water conduits 27 and 29.
- the tank 15 and the water heat exchanger 21 are connected by water conduits 27 and 29.
- the water conduits 27 and 29 return the water that has been heated by exchanging heat with the water heat exchanger 21 and returning to the tank 15 with the incoming water pipe 27 having a feed-side flow path for sending water from the tank 15 to the water heat exchanger 21.
- a hot water supply pipe 29 having a side flow path.
- the water intake pipe 27 is provided with a pump 31 for feeding water.
- the pump 31 causes the water in the tank 15 to flow out from the lower part of the tank 15 to the incoming water pipe 27, feeds water in the order of the incoming water pipe 27, the water heat exchanger 21 and the hot water outlet pipe 29, and returns it to the upper part of the tank 15.
- the heat pump water heater 11 includes a refrigerant circuit 10a and a hot water storage circuit 10b.
- the refrigerant circuit 10a includes a compressor 19, a water heat exchanger 21, an electric expansion valve 23 as an expansion mechanism, an air heat exchanger 25, and a refrigerant pipe connecting them.
- the hot water storage circuit 10b includes a tank 15, a pump 31, a water heat exchanger 21, an electrolyzer 41, and water conduits 27 and 29 that connect them.
- carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10a, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10a exchanges heat with water circulating in the hot water storage circuit 10b in the water heat exchanger 21 to heat the water, and heat exchange with outside air in the air heat exchanger 25 absorbs heat from the outside air. To do.
- a water supply pipe 37 and a hot water supply pipe 35 are connected to the tank 15.
- the hot water supply pipe 35 is connected to the upper part of the tank 15.
- the hot water supply pipe 35 is for taking out hot water stored in the tank 15 and supplying hot water to a bathtub or the like.
- the water supply pipe 37 is connected to the bottom of the tank 15.
- the water supply pipe 37 is for supplying low-temperature water into the tank 15 from a water supply source.
- a water supply source for supplying water to the tank 15 for example, tap water or ground water such as well water can be used.
- the water heater 11 of the present embodiment is a transient water heater that does not return the hot water supplied from the hot water supply pipe 35 to the tank 15.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an electrolyzer 41 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrolyzer 41 is provided at a position upstream of the water heat exchanger 21 in the water inlet pipe 27 at a position downstream of the pump 31.
- the electrolyzer 41 is for removing scale components contained in the water sent to the water heat exchanger 21.
- the electrolyzer 41 of 1st Embodiment, 2nd Embodiment, and 3rd Embodiment mentioned later has the shape as shown, for example in FIG. 2, it is not restricted to this shape.
- the electrolyzer 41 includes stirring means for stirring water between adjacent electrodes flowing from the water inlet toward the water outlet.
- the stirring means may be constituted by a component other than the electrode, or may be formed on the electrode itself.
- the agitation means in the first embodiment and the third embodiment to be described later is composed of components other than the electrodes. Agitation means in the second embodiment to be described later is formed on the electrode itself.
- the electrolyzer 41 may have the characteristics of two or more embodiments selected from the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment. Details of the electrolyzer 41 will be described later.
- the controller 32 includes a control unit 33 and a memory (storage unit) 34.
- the controller 33 controls the boiling operation of boiling water in the tank 15 based on the boiling operation schedule stored in the memory 34.
- the control unit 33 controls a power source 50 that energizes an electric circuit of the electrolyzer 41 described later.
- the power source 50 for example, a DC power source is used.
- the control unit 33 drives the compressor 19 of the heat pump unit 13 to adjust the opening degree of the electric expansion valve 23 and drives the pump 31 of the hot water storage unit 17. .
- low-temperature water in the tank 15 is sent to the water heat exchanger 21 through the inlet pipe 27 from the water outlet provided at the bottom of the tank 15, and is heated in the water heat exchanger 21.
- the heated high-temperature water is returned into the tank 15 from a water inlet provided in the upper part of the tank 15 through the hot water supply pipe 29.
- hot water is stored in the tank 15 in order from the upper part.
- scale components contained in water are removed by the electrolyzer 41.
- the heat pump water heater 11 of the present embodiment is a transient water heater.
- the water (hot water) supplied from the hot water supply pipe 35 is used by the user and does not return to the tank 15. Accordingly, the same amount of water supplied from the tank 15 through the hot water supply pipe 35 is supplied to the tank 15 from the water supply source through the water supply pipe 37. That is, the tank 15 is frequently replenished with water containing scale components from a water supply source such as tap water or well water, and the amount of replenishment is also large. Therefore, in the case of a transient heat pump water heater, it is necessary to remove scale components more efficiently than a circulating cooling water circulation device or a circulating water heater.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 cut along a plane parallel to the vertical direction
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 parallel to the horizontal direction. It is sectional drawing cut
- the electrolyzer 41 includes a container 47 having a water inlet 43 and a water outlet 45, a plurality of first electrodes 51 and a plurality of second electrodes 52 housed in the container 47, and a stirring unit 60 (see FIG. 4 (A)).
- the stirring unit 60 will be described later.
- Each first electrode 51 and each second electrode 52 are formed of a material having excellent corrosion resistance.
- Examples of the material constituting each electrode include platinum and titanium. Specifically, it is as follows.
- each electrode is formed of a material whose main component is platinum.
- a mode in which the entirety of each electrode is formed of a material mainly composed of platinum can be exemplified.
- Each electrode is made of an electrode body made of a material having a higher ionization tendency than platinum (that is, a material that is more easily oxidized than platinum in water), and a material mainly containing platinum on the surface of the electrode body (platinum) And a coating layer formed of a material such as a platinum alloy.
- the material for the electrode main body include materials mainly composed of titanium (materials such as titanium and titanium alloys).
- each electrode can be easily oxidized as compared with platinum in water, but a relatively excellent corrosion resistance can be exemplified by, for example, a material mainly composed of titanium (a material such as titanium or titanium alloy). .
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged in one direction (electrode thickness direction) such that the first electrodes 51 and the second electrodes 52 are alternately arranged.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are connected to the power supply 50 so that one of the adjacent electrodes functions as an anode and the other of the adjacent electrodes functions as a cathode.
- Adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 constitute an electrode pair 49.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are connected in parallel to the power supply 50, but are not limited thereto.
- the power source 50 for example, a DC power source is used.
- each electrode for example, various shapes such as a plate shape and a rod shape can be adopted, but in this embodiment, a plate shape is adopted. Thereby, the surface area of each electrode can be increased.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged in parallel to each other and arranged in the thickness direction of the electrodes. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged so that a meandering flow path in which water flows while meandering in the container 47 is formed. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the container 47 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape constituted by six wall portions. These wall portions form a water flow space through which water flows.
- the six wall parts include a first wall part 471, a second wall part 472, a third wall part 473, a fourth wall part 474, a fifth wall part 475, and a sixth wall part 476.
- the first wall portion 471 is located on the upstream side of the water flow, and the second wall portion 472 is located on the downstream side of the water flow in a posture parallel to the first wall portion 471.
- the first wall portion 471 and the second wall portion 472 are arranged in a posture parallel to the first electrodes 51 and the second electrodes 52.
- the third to sixth wall portions connect the peripheral portions of the first wall portion 471 and the second wall portion 472 to each other.
- the third wall portion 473 is positioned below, and the fourth wall portion 474 is positioned above in a posture parallel to the third wall portion 473.
- the fifth wall portion 475 is positioned on the right side toward the downstream side, and the sixth wall portion 476 is positioned on the left side toward the downstream side in a posture parallel to the fifth wall portion 475.
- the water inlet 43 of the container 47 is provided in the lower part of the first wall part 471, and the water outlet 45 is provided in the upper part of the second wall part 472.
- the water inlet 43 is connected to the water inlet pipe 27 located on the pump 31 side, and the water outlet 45 is connected to the water inlet pipe 27 located on the water heat exchanger 21 side.
- Water sent to the electrolyzer 41 through the water inlet pipe 27 by the pump 31 flows into the water flow space inside the container 47 from the water inlet 43.
- the water that has flowed into the water flow space flows toward the downstream side of the water flow, and is discharged from the water outlet 45 to the outside of the container 47.
- the water outlet 45 will be described later.
- the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 are arranged in the horizontal direction at intervals from each other in the thickness direction of the electrodes.
- the gap between the electrodes functions as a flow path through which water flows.
- the plurality of electrodes 51, 52 are alternately in contact with the third wall portion 473 and in contact with the fourth wall portion 474.
- each first electrode 51 is in contact with the third wall portion 473 and extends toward the fourth wall portion 474.
- a gap through which water can flow is provided between each first electrode 51 and the inner surface of the fourth wall portion 474.
- Each second electrode 52 is in contact with the fourth wall portion 474 and extends toward the third wall portion 473.
- a gap through which water can flow is provided between each second electrode 52 and the inner surface of the third wall portion 473.
- the meandering flow path also meanders in the vertical direction.
- Each electrode may be arranged in a posture parallel to a direction inclined with respect to the vertical direction. In this case, both the flow path in which the water rises and the flow path in which the water descends in the meandering flow path It extends in a direction inclined with respect to the direction.
- the scale component contained in the water is electrolyzed until the water flowing into the container 47 from the water inlet 43 flows out of the container 47 from the water outlet 45. It deposits as a scale on the cathode of the electrode pair constituted by adjacent electrodes.
- the scale attached to the cathode is dropped from the cathode, for example, by periodically reversing the polarities of the electrodes 51 and 52, and is deposited on the third wall portion 473 of the container 47.
- the stirring unit 60 is for stirring water flowing between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 constituting the electrode pair 49.
- the stirring unit 60 is a separate member from each electrode.
- the stirring unit 60 includes a plurality of stirring members 61.
- each stirring member 61 is a rod-shaped member having a columnar shape, but is not limited thereto.
- Each stirring member 61 may be a rod-shaped member having a prismatic shape, and various shapes may be employed as shown in Modifications 1 and 2 to be described later.
- Each stirring member 61 extends in a direction that intersects the direction in which water flows (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4A). In the present embodiment, each stirring member 61 extends in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which water flows, and is arranged in a posture parallel to the electrodes 51 and 52.
- a plurality of stirring members 61 are provided between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52.
- the plurality of stirring members 61 are arranged along the direction in which water flows between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52.
- the plurality of stirring members 61 are more than the first electrodes 51 and the plurality of first stirring members 61 disposed closer to the first electrode 51 than the second electrode 52.
- a plurality of second agitating members 61 arranged at positions close to the second electrode 52.
- the 1st stirring member 61 and the 2nd stirring member 61 are alternately arrange
- each stirring member 61 is supported by the fifth wall portion 475, and the other end of each stirring member 61 is supported by the sixth wall portion 476. Yes.
- each stirring member 61 is arrange
- Each stirring member 61 may be disposed in contact with one electrode, for example.
- a plurality of stirring members 61 are provided between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 in all the electrode pairs 49, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a plurality of stirring members 61 are provided between the electrodes 51 and 52, and in the remaining electrode pairs 49, the stirring members 61 are not provided between the electrodes 51 and 52. May be.
- Each stirring member 61 is formed of an insulating material, but is not limited thereto.
- an insulating synthetic resin can be exemplified.
- An example of operating conditions during electrolysis in the present embodiment is as follows.
- the flow rate of water flowing into the container 47 through the water inlet 43 is adjusted to about 0.6 to 1.2 liters / minute, for example.
- the flow rate of water flowing through the meandering flow path in the container 47 is adjusted to about 6 to 13 mm / second.
- the size of the flow path is adjusted so that the Reynolds number is about 90 to 200.
- the average value of the values measured at a plurality of locations in the meandering channel is adjusted to the above range for the flow velocity and the Reynolds number.
- the flow velocity of the water which flows through the center part between the electrodes 51 and 52 with the largest flow velocity is about twice the flow velocity of the water which flows in the electrode vicinity.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the electrolyzer 41.
- the shape of the stirring member 61 is different from that in the above embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the first modification only the configuration different from the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B will be described, and the description of the same configuration as the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- each stirring member 61 has a flat plate shape in which the dimension in the direction in which water flows is smaller than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to this.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views showing a second modification of the electrolyzer 41.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 cut along a plane parallel to the vertical direction
- FIG. 6B is a cross-section of the electrolyzer 41 cut along a plane parallel to the horizontal direction.
- FIG. In the second modification the shape of the stirring member 61 is different from that in the above embodiment shown in FIGS.
- Modification 2 only the configuration different from the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B will be described, and the description of the same configuration as the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- each stirring member 61 includes the first electrode 51 side and the second electrode 52 between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 constituting the electrode pair 49. It has a shape extending in a direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow while meandering to the side.
- Each stirring member 61 is formed by bending a rod-shaped member such as a columnar shape or a prismatic shape.
- Each stirring member 61 may be in a form that is bent into a coil shape.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a third modification of the electrolyzer 41.
- the configuration of the stirring unit 60 is different from the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the stirring unit 60 includes a plurality of stirrers 64 having a stirring blade 62 disposed between adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 and a motor 63 connected to the stirring blade 62. including.
- each stirring blade 62 is provided in the folded portion in the meandering flow path. Further, each stirring blade 62 is provided in the lower folded portion and is disposed in the vicinity of the inner surface of the third wall portion 473. The rotating shaft of each stirring blade 62 is directed in the direction of water flow.
- Each agitating blade 62 is disposed at a position where the water traveling from the third wall portion 473 toward the fourth wall portion 474 can be agitated.
- each stirring blade 62 rotates, the water in the vicinity thereof is stirred while being pushed away toward the fourth wall portion 474 side. That is, in the third modification, a parallel flow along the water flow direction is formed by the rotation of each stirring blade 62, so that the water flow in the container 47 becomes smooth.
- the stirring blade 62 may be provided in the position which forms the counterflow which opposes the flow direction of water.
- each stirring blade 62 may be any shape that can stir the water in the container 47, and examples thereof include a propeller type and a turbine type.
- the rotational speed of the stirring blade 62 is controlled according to the flow rate of water flowing between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52, the current value flowing through the electrodes 51 and 52, etc., the power consumption in the stirrer 64 is reduced. It is possible to increase the removal efficiency of the scale component while suppressing the increase.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth modification of the electrolyzer 41.
- the arrangement of the stirring blades 62 is different from that in the third modification. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the stirring unit 60 has a plurality of stirring blades 62, and these stirring blades 62 are flow paths between the third wall portion 473 and the fourth wall portion 474. Are arranged along.
- the rotation axis of each stirring blade 62 is oriented in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which water flows.
- Each stirring blade 62 is supported by a motor shaft (not shown) extending from the fifth wall portion 475 toward the sixth wall portion 476, for example.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth modification of the electrolyzer 41.
- This modification 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B in the shape of the electrodes 51 and 52. Specifically, it is as follows.
- each electrode has a corrugated shape. Therefore, in addition to the water stirring effect by the plurality of stirring members 61, the water stirring effect by the electrodes 51 and 52 can also be obtained. .
- the pitch of the first electrode 51 that is, the distance between the crest 51a and the crest 51a of the first electrode 51
- the pitch of the second electrode 52 that is, the crest 52a of the second electrode 52 and the crest.
- the distance of the part 52a is the same.
- the adjacent 1st electrode 51 and 2nd electrode 52 are arrange
- the location where the flow path is narrow locally is not formed, the flow path is not easily narrowed due to scale adhesion.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a sixth modification of the electrolyzer 41. As shown in FIG. 10, this modified example 6 is different from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B in that it does not have a meandering flow path. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the electrolyzer 41 includes a container 47 having a water inlet 43 and a water outlet 45, and a first electrode 51 and a second electrode 52 accommodated in the container 47.
- the meandering flow path as described above is provided. Not done. Therefore, the water that has flowed into the container 47 from the water inlet 43 flows in the container 47 from the water inlet 43 toward the water outlet 45 to some extent at random, and passes through the gap between adjacent electrodes while flowing toward the water outlet 45. In the process, scale components are removed.
- the stirring unit 60 is provided between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52.
- the stirring unit 60 includes a plurality of stirring members 61.
- the stirring member 61 of the said embodiment shown to FIG. 4 (A), (B), the stirring member 61 of the modification 1 shown in FIG. 5, the stirring member 61 of the modification 2 shown in FIG. Can be adopted.
- the electrolysis apparatus 41 includes the stirring unit 60.
- the flowing water is agitated. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the drift of water having a low scale component concentration in the vicinity of the one electrode functioning as the anode, so that the precipitation reaction of the scale component is promoted between the electrodes 51 and 52. Therefore, the removal efficiency of scale components in water can be increased without increasing the area of the electrode by means such as increasing the number of electrodes or enlarging the electrode, thereby suppressing an increase in cost caused by the electrode material. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of the scale component can be increased.
- the agitation unit 60 includes a plurality of agitators 60 arranged in the direction in which water flows between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52.
- a stirring member 61 is included.
- the removal efficiency of the scale component can be increased only by adopting a simple structure in which the plurality of stirring members 61 are arranged along the direction in which the water flows.
- each agitating member 61 is formed of an insulating material, so that it is disposed between adjacent electrodes 51 and 52. There is a merit that it is difficult to be corroded even if it is exposed to an electrolysis process for a long time in the applied state.
- each stirring member 61 is in a direction intersecting with the direction in which water flows between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52. Since it extends, the water which flows between the electrodes 51 and 52 can be stirred effectively. And since each stirring member 61 is arrange
- the stirring unit 60 includes a stirrer 64 having a stirring blade 62 disposed in the container 47 and a motor 63 connected to the stirring blade 62. Therefore, since the water in the container 47 can be forcibly stirred by the stirring blade 62, the effect of increasing the removal efficiency of the scale component is excellent.
- the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 have a plate shape, and form a meandering flow path in which water flows in the container 47 while meandering. is doing. Therefore, in these embodiments, the water that has flowed into the container 47 from the water inlet 43 flows along the plate-shaped electrode through the path meandering from the upstream side to the downstream side, so that the contact area between the electrode and water is large. Thus, the removal efficiency of scale components can be further improved.
- the electrolyzer 41 of the second embodiment has an inflow portion as a stirring means provided on the electrode.
- 11A is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 cut along a plane parallel to the vertical direction
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 parallel to the horizontal direction. It is sectional drawing cut
- the electrolyzer 41 includes a container 47 having a water inlet 43 and a water outlet 45, and a plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n accommodated in the container 47.
- Each electrode plate is made of a material having excellent corrosion resistance.
- As a material constituting each electrode plate the same materials as those exemplified in the first embodiment can be used.
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n includes n electrode plates including the first electrode plate 51, the second electrode plate 52, the third electrode plate 53,..., The nth electrode plate 5n.
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are arranged in one direction (electrode plate thickness direction).
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are connected to the power source 50 so that one of the adjacent electrode plates functions as an anode and the other of the adjacent electrode plates functions as a cathode (see FIG. 11B).
- Adjacent electrode plates constitute an electrode pair 49.
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are connected in parallel to the power supply 50, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the power source 50 for example, a DC power source is used.
- each electrode plate various plate shapes such as a flat plate shape and a corrugated plate shape can be employed. Thereby, the surface area of each electrode can be increased. In this embodiment, a flat plate shape is adopted. In the present embodiment, the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are arranged in parallel postures.
- first flow path F1 through which water flows in the first direction D1 between the first electrode plate 51 and the second electrode plate 52, and the second electrode plate 52 and the third electrode plate.
- second flow path F2 in which water flows in a second direction D2 opposite to the first direction D1, a downstream end of the first flow path F1, and an upstream of the second flow path F2.
- a folded portion T that connects the side end portions is formed.
- the k-th channel Fk that is a gap between the k-th electrode plate 5k and the (k + 1) -th electrode plate 5 (k + 1) and in which water flows in the second direction D2
- the (k + 1) -th electrode plate 5 The (k + 1) th flow path F (k + 1) and the downstream end of the kth flow path Fk between the (k + 1) th and (k + 2) th electrode plates 5 (k + 2) and in which water flows in the first direction D1
- a folded portion T that connects the upstream end of the (k + 1) th flow path F (k + 1).
- the boundary between the folded portion T and the downstream end of the flow path Fk and the boundary between the folded portion T and the upstream end of the flow path F (k + 1) are shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. This is the position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line L.
- This alternate long and short dash line L is a straight line that passes through the end of the electrode plate 5 (k + 1) (the end adjacent to the folded portion T) and is parallel to the thickness direction of the electrode plate 5 (k + 1).
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are arranged so that a meandering flow path in which water flows while meandering in the container 47 is formed. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the container 47 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape constituted by six wall portions. These wall portions form a water flow space through which water flows.
- the six wall parts include a first wall part 471, a second wall part 472, a third wall part 473, a fourth wall part 474, a fifth wall part 475, and a sixth wall part 476.
- the first wall portion 471 is located on the upstream side of the water flow, and the second wall portion 472 is located on the downstream side of the water flow in a posture parallel to the first wall portion 471.
- the first wall portion 471 and the second wall portion 472 are arranged in a posture parallel to the first electrode plates 51 and the second electrode plates 52.
- the third to sixth wall portions connect the peripheral portions of the first wall portion 471 and the second wall portion 472 to each other.
- the third wall portion 473 is positioned below, and the fourth wall portion 474 is positioned above in a posture parallel to the third wall portion 473.
- the fifth wall portion 475 is positioned on the right side toward the downstream side, and the sixth wall portion 476 is positioned on the left side toward the downstream side in a posture parallel to the fifth wall portion 475.
- the water inlet 43 of the container 47 is provided in the lower part of the first wall part 471, and the water outlet 45 is provided in the upper part of the second wall part 472.
- the water inlet 43 is connected to the water inlet pipe 27 located on the pump 31 side, and the water outlet 45 is connected to the water inlet pipe 27 located on the water heat exchanger 21 side.
- Water sent to the electrolyzer 41 through the water inlet pipe 27 by the pump 31 flows into the water flow space inside the container 47 from the water inlet 43.
- the water that has flowed into the water flow space flows toward the downstream side of the water flow, and is discharged from the water outlet 45 to the outside of the container 47.
- the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n are arranged along the horizontal direction at intervals from each other in the thickness direction of the electrode plates.
- the gap between the electrode plates functions as flow paths F1 to F (n-1) through which water flows.
- the electrode plates 51 to 5n are alternately in contact with the third wall portion 473 and in contact with the fourth wall portion 474.
- the former electrode plates 52, 54,..., 5 n are in contact with the third wall portion 473 and extend toward the fourth wall portion 474.
- a folded portion T is formed by providing a gap through which water can flow between these electrode plates and the inner surface of the fourth wall portion 474.
- the latter electrode plates 51, 53,..., 5 (n ⁇ 1) are in contact with the fourth wall portion 474 and extend toward the third wall portion 473.
- a folded portion T is formed by providing a gap through which water can flow between these electrode plates and the inner surface of the third wall portion 473.
- a meandering flow path as shown in FIG. 11A is formed in the container 47.
- the scale component contained in the water is electrolyzed until the water flowing into the container 47 from the water inlet 43 flows out of the container 47 from the water outlet 45. It deposits as a scale on the cathode of the electrode pair 49 constituted by adjacent electrode plates.
- the scale adhering to the cathode is dropped from the cathode and deposited on the third wall portion 473 of the container 47 by, for example, periodically reversing the polarity of the electrode plate.
- FIG. 12A is a front view showing an electrode plate of the electrolyzer 41.
- Each electrode plate has an inflow portion as stirring means.
- the inflow portion includes a plurality of communication portions C. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the electrode plate 5k has a plurality of communicating portions C.
- Each communication portion C is a through hole (water passage hole) that penetrates the electrode plate 5k in the thickness direction.
- Each communication portion C is not limited to a circular through-hole, and may be, for example, a square or a rectangle as in Modification 1 shown in FIG. 12B, as in Modification 2 shown in FIG. It may be a rhombus.
- the plurality of communication portions C are provided at intervals. Adjacent communicating portions C are provided at intervals in the first direction D1 or the direction intersecting the first direction D1. In the present embodiment, the plurality of communication portions C are provided so as to be distributed over substantially the entire electrode at intervals. In the present embodiment, the plurality of communication portions C are provided at almost equal intervals on the entire electrode plate 5k, but are not limited thereto.
- the number and the opening area of the communication portions C in the facing region facing the adjacent electrode plate 5 (k + 1) in the thickness direction of the electrode plate can be set as the number of the communication portions C in the regions other than the facing region. It may be larger than the opening area.
- the number of communication portions C and the size of the communication portions C are the same, but are not limited thereto.
- the communication at the downstream electrode plate is more than the number of the communication portions C at the upstream electrode plate.
- the number of parts C may be increased.
- the opening area of the communication portion C in the downstream electrode plate may be larger than the opening area of the communication portion C in the upstream electrode plate.
- the number of communication portions C provided on the electrode plate 5k, the opening area, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the total opening area of the plurality of communication portions C provided on the electrode plate 5k is the area of one surface of the electrode plate 5k (the area when it is assumed that the plurality of communication portions C are not provided on the electrode plate 5k). It is preferably 5% or less. Thereby, the flow of water in the flow path between the electrode plates can be disturbed while suppressing the surface area of each electrode plate from decreasing.
- the total opening area of the communication part C is more preferably 1 to 3% of the area of the electrode plate 5k.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of a plurality of electrode plates and the flow of water in the container 47
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow of water in the container 47.
- a part of the water flowing through the flow path F (k-1) in the first direction D1 (upward) flows into the flow path Fk through the communication portion C provided in the electrode plate 5k. And mixed with the main flow flowing through the flow path Fk. Thereby, the flow of water in the flow path Fk is disturbed.
- the operating conditions at the time of electrolysis in the second embodiment are the same as the operating conditions described in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the flow rate of the water flowing through the meandering flow path in the container 47 is a low speed of about 6 to 13 mm / second
- the water flowing in the vicinity of the electrode plate mixes with the surrounding water. Hateful.
- water with a low scale component concentration tends to drift near one electrode plate that functions as an anode.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a form in which the plurality of electrode plates 51 to 5n meander in the container 47 and meander in other directions such as the horizontal direction may be formed.
- the fifth wall portion 475 is positioned below and the sixth wall portion 476 is positioned upward. What is necessary is just to arrange
- a part of the water flowing in the flow path F (k-1) in the first direction D1 (rightward) passes through the communication portion C provided in the electrode plate 5k. It flows into the flow path Fk and is mixed with the main flow that flows through the flow path Fk. Thereby, the flow of water in the flow path Fk is disturbed.
- part of the water flowing in the second direction D2 (left side) through the flow path Fk flows into the flow path F (k + 1) through the communication portion C provided in the electrode plate 5 (k + 1), and the flow path F Mixed with the mainstream flowing through (k + 1). Thereby, the flow of water in the flow path F (k + 1) is disturbed.
- FIG. 16 (A) is a front view showing an electrode plate in Modification 4 of the electrolyzer 41.
- a part of the communication portions C1 among the plurality of communication portions C is provided at the edge E1 of the electrode plate 5k adjacent to the folded portion T.
- the plurality of communication portions C1 are provided at intervals along the edge portion E1.
- Each communication part C1 is not a through hole whose periphery is closed like the communication part C, but is a through part in which a part of the opening is opened at the edge E1.
- some communication parts C2 among the some communication parts C are provided in the edge parts E2 and E2 of the both sides of the electrode plate 5k.
- the plurality of communication portions C2 are provided at intervals along the edge portion E2.
- Each communication portion C1 is not a through hole whose periphery is closed like the communication portion C, but is a through portion in which a part of the opening is opened at the edge E2.
- Other electrode plates other than the electrode plate k have the same configuration as the electrode plate k.
- FIG. 16 (B) is a front view showing an electrode plate in Modification 5 of the electrolyzer 41.
- the electrode plate 5k has a plurality of slits (communication portions) C.
- Each slit C extends in a direction crossing the water flow direction D1 or D2.
- each slit C extends in a direction orthogonal to the water flow direction D1 or D2.
- Some slits C2 of the plurality of slits C are open at the edge E2 located on the side.
- Other electrode plates other than the electrode plate k have the same configuration as the electrode plate k.
- FIG. 17 (A) is a front view showing an electrode plate in Modification 6 of the electrolyzer 41
- FIG. 17 (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 17 (A).
- each electrode plate has a plurality of convex portions 66 projecting toward the electrode plate adjacent to one side in the thickness direction and the other in the thickness direction.
- the plurality of concave portions 65 and the plurality of convex portions 66 are formed by sheet metal processing the metal plate material so that one surface of the metal plate material is recessed and the other surface protrudes.
- the plurality of concave portions 65 and the plurality of convex portions 66 formed on each electrode plate are formed at the same position on the opposite surfaces of the electrode plate.
- the shape of each concave portion 65 is a hemispherical shape recessed in the thickness direction of the electrode
- the shape of each convex portion 66 is a hemispherical shape protruding in the thickness direction of the electrode.
- Other shapes such as a prismatic shape may be used.
- each electrode plate a plurality of concave portions 65 (a plurality of convex portions 66) are provided at intervals.
- the plurality of concave portions 65 are regularly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions on the entire electrode surface. For example, there is a region where the agitation effect is more important than other regions. If present, the degree of density of the concave portions 65 (the convex portions 66) can be set for each region.
- FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view showing the flow of water in the container 47 in Modification 6.
- the plurality of convex portions 66 and the plurality of concave portions 65 disturb the flow of water in the flow path between adjacent electrode plates. Accordingly, it is possible to further suppress the drift of water having a low scale component concentration in the vicinity of one electrode functioning as an anode among the adjacent electrode plates, so that the precipitation reaction of the scale component is further promoted between the electrode plates.
- a part or all of the convex portion 66 of the electrode plate 5 (k + 1) is located at a position facing the communicating portion C provided on the electrode plate 5k in the thickness direction of the electrode plate. Although provided, it may be slightly deviated from the communication portion C. Each protrusion 66 protrudes toward the electrode plate located on the upstream side.
- the effect of disturbing the flow of water by the water flowing into the flow path Fk through the communication portion C provided on the electrode plate 5k and the flow of water by the convex portion 66 at a position facing the communication portion C are as follows. The synergistic effect with the disturbing effect can more effectively disturb the water flow.
- each convex portion 66 may protrude toward the electrode plate located on the downstream side.
- at least a part of the plurality of convex portions 66 in the electrode plate 5k is provided at a position that promotes the inflow of water through the communication portion C to the flow path F (k + 1).
- a position for promoting the inflow of water through the communication part C to the flow path F (k + 1) for example, as indicated by an arrow G in FIG.
- the position of the convex part 66 which is guided by the communication part C provided in the electrode plate 5 (k + 1) by flowing along the part 66 is given.
- a part or all of the convex portion 66 of the electrode plate 5k is provided at a position facing the communication portion C provided in the electrode plate 5 (k + 1) in the thickness direction of the electrode plate.
- it may be slightly deviated from the communication part C.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 8 of the electrolyzer 41.
- the electrolyzer 41 includes a container 47, a first electrode plate 51, a second electrode plate 52 and a third electrode plate 53 accommodated in the container 47, and a power supply 50.
- the first electrode plate 51, the second electrode plate 52, and the third electrode plate 53 are arranged in this order with a gap therebetween in the thickness direction of the electrode plate.
- In the container 47 there is a first flow path F1 through which water flows in the first direction D1 between the first electrode plate 51 and the second electrode plate 52, and the second electrode plate 52 and the third electrode plate.
- the second electrode plate 52 has a plurality of communication portions C for allowing a part of the water flowing through the first flow path F1 to flow into the second flow path F2 upstream of the downstream end of the first flow path F1.
- the first electrode plate 51 and the third electrode plate 53 are not provided with the communication portion C.
- each electrode plate is provided with a plurality of communication portions C, so that a part of the water flowing through the first flow path F1 is part of the first flow path F1. It flows into the second flow path F2 through the plurality of communication portions C on the upstream side of the downstream end portion. Thereby, the water which flowed in and the water which flows through the 2nd flow path F2 are mixed in several places. Thus, by mixing water in a plurality of places, the flow of water flowing through the second flow path F2 is effectively disturbed over a wide range.
- the first flow passage F1 also flows in the vicinity of the communication portion C. Water flow is disturbed. Thereby, since it can suppress that the water with a low scale component density
- the removal efficiency of scale components in water can be increased without increasing the number of electrode plates to increase the area of the electrode plates, thereby suppressing an increase in cost due to the electrode material. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of the scale component can be increased.
- adjacent communication portions C are provided at intervals in the first direction D1 or the direction intersecting with each electrode plate.
- a part of the water flowing in the first direction D1 through the first flow path F1 flows through the second direction through the plurality of communication portions C that are spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1 or the direction intersecting the first direction D1. It flows into the path F2. Therefore, in the 2nd flow path F2, the flow of water is effectively disturbed over the wide range of the 1st direction D1 or the direction which cross
- the second electrode plate 52 not only the second electrode plate 52 but also other electrode plates are provided with a plurality of communication portions C. Therefore, the flow paths F1 to F (n ⁇ The mixing of water (disturbance of water flow) in 1) is further promoted.
- a part of the plurality of communication portions C is provided at the edge E1 of the electrode plate adjacent to the folded portion T. Therefore, in this configuration, water flows into the downstream flow path through the communication portion C provided at the edge E1 of the electrode plate. Due to the inflow of water, the flow of water in the folded portion T and the flow of water flowing from the folded portion T to the downstream flow path are disturbed. Therefore, the water flowing into the downstream flow path from the turn-back portion T is the difference between the concentration of the scale component in the area on the one electrode plate side and the concentration of the scale component in the area on the other electrode plate side constituting the flow path. The difference becomes smaller. That is, the density difference of the scale component is reduced in the width direction of the flow path. Thereby, it can further suppress that water with a low scale component density
- each electrode plate has a plurality of convex portions 66 protruding to the adjacent electrode plate side and a plurality of concave portions 65 recessed to the side opposite to the adjacent electrode plate.
- the plurality of convex portions 66 and the plurality of concave portions 65 disturb the flow of water in the flow path between adjacent electrode plates. Accordingly, it is possible to further suppress the drift of water having a low scale component concentration in the vicinity of one electrode functioning as an anode among the adjacent electrode plates, so that the precipitation reaction of the scale component is further promoted between the electrode plates.
- each convex part 66 protrudes to the electrode plate side located in the downstream.
- at least a part of the plurality of convex portions 66 in the electrode plate 5k is provided at a position that promotes the inflow of water through the communication portion C to the flow path F (k + 1).
- the convex portion 66 promotes the inflow of water through the communication portion C to the flow path F (k + 1), the effect of disturbing the flow of water in the flow path F (k + 1) is further enhanced.
- the some communication part C contains the some slit.
- the amount of water flowing through the communication portion C to the flow path F2 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of each slit in the longitudinal direction.
- each slit is extended in the direction which cross
- water can be introduced into the flow path over a wider range in the direction intersecting the water flow direction.
- the electrolyzer 41 according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment and the second embodiment in that it further includes a circulation mechanism 80 as a stirring means.
- 21A and 21B are cross-sectional views showing an electrolyzer 41 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 taken along a plane parallel to the vertical direction, and is a view of the cross section of the electrolyzer 41 viewed from the side.
- FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 taken along a plane parallel to the horizontal direction, and is a view of the cross section of the electrolyzer 41 viewed in plan.
- the electrolyzer 41 includes a container 47 and a plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 provided in the container 47.
- a water flow path is formed in the container 47 by a plurality of electrodes 51 and 52.
- the water flow path is a continuous meandering flow path formed by the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52, but is not limited thereto.
- the water flow path may be a flow path that is not a meandering flow path, for example, as will be described later in Modification 15 shown in FIGS. 27 (A) and 27 (B).
- the meandering flow path in the present embodiment meanders in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 21B, but is not limited thereto.
- the meandering channel may meander in the up-down direction, for example.
- the container 47 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, but is not limited thereto.
- a water flow space through which water flows is provided in the container 47.
- the container 47 has a first wall portion 471 and a second wall portion 472 that face each other.
- the container 47 has a side wall portion that connects the first wall portion 471 and the second wall portion 472.
- the side wall portion constitutes the third wall portion 473 constituting the lower wall, the fourth wall portion 474 constituting the upper wall, the fifth wall portion 475 constituting the left wall, and the right wall.
- Including the sixth wall portion 476 but is not limited thereto.
- the container 47 has a water inlet 43 and a water outlet 45.
- the water inlet 43 of the container 47 is provided in the 1st wall part 471 and the water outlet 45 is provided in the 2nd wall part 472, it is not limited to this.
- One or both of the water inlet 43 and the water outlet 45 may be provided on the side wall portion.
- a water inlet pipe 27 (upstream main path 27A) located on the tank 15 side shown in FIG. 20 is connected to the water inlet 43, and a water outlet 45 is located on the water heat exchanger 21 side shown in FIG.
- a water inlet pipe 27 (downstream main path 27B) is connected.
- the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 include a plurality of first electrodes 51 and a plurality of second electrodes 52.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged in one direction (electrode thickness direction) such that the first electrodes 51 and the second electrodes 52 are alternately arranged.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 extend from the third wall portion 473 toward the fourth wall portion 474 side, and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are The fourth wall portion 474 extends toward the third wall portion 473 side.
- each electrode is arranged in a posture parallel to the first wall portion 471, but is not limited to this.
- Adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 constitute an electrode pair 49.
- the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 are connected to a power source (not shown) so that one electrode of the electrode pair 49 functions as an anode and the other electrode functions as a cathode.
- a power source for example, a DC power source is used.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are connected in parallel to the power supply, but are not limited thereto.
- each electrode plate As the material constituting each electrode plate, the same materials as those exemplified in the first embodiment can be used.
- each electrode for example, various shapes such as a plate shape and a rod shape can be adopted, but in this embodiment, a plate shape is adopted. Thereby, the surface area of each electrode can be increased.
- the plurality of first electrodes 51 and the plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged in parallel to each other, and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the electrodes. The gap between the electrodes functions as a flow path through which water flows.
- a plurality of first electrodes 51 and a plurality of second electrodes 52 are arranged so that a meandering flow path in which water flows while meandering in the container 47 is formed.
- the electrolysis conditions of the electrolysis apparatus 41 include a condition for supplying a current having a predetermined current value to the electrode pair 49, a condition for applying a predetermined voltage to the electrode pair 49, a combination of these conditions, and the like. However, it is not limited to these.
- the circulation mechanism 80 has a function of returning water in the container 47 or water flowing out from the water outlet 45 of the container 47 to the upstream side.
- the circulation mechanism 80 includes a circulation path (circulation piping) 81 and a circulation pump (water pump) 82 for flowing water through the circulation path 81.
- the circulation path 81 has a first end (circulation water inlet end) 81a and a second end (circulation water outlet end) 81b.
- the circulation pump 82 is provided in the circulation path 81.
- the first end 81a and the second end 81b of the circulation path 81 are both connected to the container 47 of the electrolyzer 41.
- the second end portion 81 b is at a position upstream of the connection portion of the first end portion 81 a in the container 47.
- the first end portion 81a is located closer to the second wall portion 472 than the most downstream electrode.
- the second end portion 81b is located closer to the first wall portion 471 than the most upstream electrode.
- the first end 81a and the second end 81b are not disposed in the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52, but are disposed in a region other than the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52. Yes.
- the first end 81a and the second end 81b are located in the container 47, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- One and both of the first end portion 81a and the second end portion 81b may be connected to, for example, a joint (not shown) that protrudes outward from the wall portion of the container 47, and in this case, is located outside the container 47. . This is the same in the modification described later.
- a space S1 is provided between the most downstream electrode and a wall portion (second wall portion 472 in the present embodiment) facing the electrode, and the first end 81a is a wall that partitions the space S1. Part (in this embodiment, the third wall part 473).
- the water in the space S1 flows into the circulation path 81 through the first end portion 81a.
- a space S2 is provided between the most upstream electrode and a wall portion (the first wall portion 471 in the present embodiment) facing the electrode, and the second end portion 81b defines the space S2. Connected to the wall portion (in this embodiment, the third wall portion 473). Circulating water flowing through the circulation path 81 flows into the space S2 through the second end portion 81b.
- the first end portion 81a may be connected to the second wall portion 472, the fourth wall portion 474, the fifth wall portion 475, or the sixth wall portion 476, and the second end portion 81b
- the first wall portion 471, the fourth wall portion 474, the fifth wall portion 475, or the sixth wall portion 476 may be connected.
- the circulation mechanism 80 is controlled by the control unit 33.
- the controller 33 controls the circulation pump 82 of the circulation mechanism 80 so that the circulation flow rate Gc returned to the upstream side from the main flow rate Gw sent to the water heat exchanger 21 is increased.
- the main flow rate Gw is a flow rate of water flowing through the downstream main path 27B.
- the circulation flow rate Gc is the flow rate of water flowing through the circulation path 81.
- the circulation path 81 is branched as in Modification 7 shown in FIG. 23D described later, the circulation flow rate Gc is the circulation path 81 before the branch (upstream circulation shown in FIG. 23D).
- the flow rate of water flowing through the path 810) is controlled by the control unit 33.
- the controller 33 controls the circulation pump 82 of the circulation mechanism 80 so that the circulation flow rate Gc returned to the upstream side from the main flow rate Gw sent to the water heat exchanger 21 is increased.
- the main flow rate Gw is a flow rate of water flowing through the downstream main path 27B.
- the control unit 33 controls the circulation pump 82 to adjust the circulation flow rate Gc to a predetermined range.
- the magnification of the circulation flow rate Gc with respect to the main flow rate Gw is not particularly limited.
- the circulation flow rate Gc is preferably 5 times or more the main flow rate Gw in order to enhance the effect of stirring the water flowing through the water flow channel (meandering flow channel in this embodiment) in the container 47. More preferably, the flow rate Gw is 10 times or more.
- the reason why the circulating flow rate Gc is increased will be described.
- the scale component concentration in the cathode side region is smaller than the scale component concentration in the anode side region.
- the amount of water boiled in a water heat exchanger (the amount of water sent to the water heat exchanger) is the same as the amount of water electrolyzed in an electrolyzer. For this reason, in the conventional electrolyzer, the speed of the water which flows through the water flow path between electrodes is slow, and the water which flows through a water flow path turns into a laminar flow.
- the flow rate of water flowing in the container of the electrolyzer is, for example, a low flow rate of about 1 L / min.
- the speed of water flowing through the water flow path between the electrodes is, for example, about 10 mm / s, and the Reynolds number in this case is about 100-200.
- the flow rate of the water flowing through the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 is increased by increasing the circulation flow rate Gc rather than the main flow rate Gw.
- the speed of water flowing through the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 is increased by 6 times or more, as shown in Table 1 of Examples described later.
- the water speed can be increased by 11 times or more.
- the performance ratio is improved.
- the flow can be made turbulent by increasing the magnification of the circulation flow rate Gc with respect to the main flow rate Gw.
- FIG. 22A is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 1 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end portion 81 a is provided at a position where water flowing through the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 can be sucked into the circulation path 81.
- the 2nd end part 81b is provided in the position which can supply water to the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 upstream from this water flow path.
- the first end portion 81a is disposed between the electrodes 51 and 52 in the container 47, and the second end portion 81b is disposed between the further upstream electrodes 51 and 52.
- the first end portion 81a and the second end portion 81b may be connected to, for example, a joint (not shown) that protrudes outward from the wall portion of the container 47, and in this case, is located outside the container 47. .
- the water flow path in the container 47 is selected in the water flow path (circulation part) between the part where the first end 81a is provided and the part where the second end 81b is provided.
- the flow rate of water can be increased.
- the circulating portion is provided at a position that is biased downstream from the center of the water flow path (the center of the total length of the water flow path).
- the first end portion 81a and the second end portion 81b are disposed.
- FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end portion 81 a is provided at a position where water flowing through the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 can be sucked into the circulation path 81.
- the second end portion 81b is provided at a position where water can be supplied to the space S2 between the most upstream electrode and the wall portion facing this electrode (first wall portion 471 in Modification 2). Yes.
- the first end portion 81a is disposed between the electrodes 51 and 52 in the container 47, but is not limited thereto.
- the first end portion 81 a may be connected to, for example, a joint (not shown) that protrudes outward from the wall portion of the container 47, and in this case, is positioned outside the container 47.
- the second end portion 81b is connected to a wall portion (a third wall portion 473 in the second modification) that partitions the space S2. In FIG. 22B, the second end portion 81b is disposed in the space S2, but is not limited thereto.
- the second end portion 81 b may be connected to, for example, a joint (not shown) that protrudes outward from the wall portion of the container 47, and in this case, is positioned outside the container 47.
- a joint not shown
- a water flow path (upstream water flow path) between a portion where the first end portion 81a is provided and a portion where the second end portion 81b is provided. ) Can selectively increase the flow rate of water.
- FIG. 22C is a cross-sectional view showing a third modification of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end portion 81a circulates water flowing in the space S1 between the most downstream electrode and the wall portion facing this electrode (the second wall portion 472 in the third modification). It is provided at a position where it can be sucked into.
- the second end portion 81 b is provided at a position where water can be supplied to the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52.
- the water flow path between the part where the first end 81a is provided and the part where the second end 81b is provided (the downstream water flow path). ) Can selectively increase the flow rate of water.
- FIG. 23A is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth modification of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end 81a of the circulation path 81 is connected to the downstream main path 27B, and the second end 81b is connected to the upstream main path 27A.
- FIG. 23B is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth modification of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end 81 a of the circulation path 81 is connected to the downstream main path 27 B, and the second end 81 b is connected to the container 47.
- the second end portion 81b is provided at a position where water can be supplied to the space S2 between the most upstream electrode and the wall portion facing this electrode (first wall portion 471 in Modification 5).
- the second end portion 81b may be provided at a position where water can be supplied to the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52.
- FIG. 23C is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 6 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the first end 81a of the circulation path 81 is connected to the container 47, and the second end 81b is connected to the upstream main path 27A.
- the first end portion 81a sucks the water flowing in the space S1 between the most downstream electrode and the wall portion facing this electrode (second wall portion 472 in the modified example 6) into the circulation path 81.
- the first end portion 81a may be provided at a position where water can be supplied to the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52.
- FIG. 23D is a cross-sectional view showing a seventh modification of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- the circulation path 81 includes an upstream circulation path 810 including the first end portion 81a and a plurality of branch paths 811 to 815 branching from the upstream circulation path 810.
- the first end portion 81a is connected to the downstream main path 27B.
- Each end of the branch paths 811 to 815 is connected to the container 47.
- the end portion 811a of the branch path 811 is located on the most downstream side, and the end portion 811a of the branch path 815 is located on the most upstream side. Note that the first end portion 81 a may be connected to the container 47.
- FIG. 24A is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 8 of the electrolysis apparatus 41 and the circulation mechanism 80
- FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 9 of the electrolysis apparatus 41 and the circulation mechanism 80
- FIG. 24C is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example 10 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- a valve is provided on one or both of the inlet side and the outlet side of the container 47 of the electrolyzer 41.
- a check valve 91 is provided in the upstream main path 27A, and a check valve 92 is provided in the downstream main path 27B.
- the check valve 91 is provided only in the upstream main path 27A.
- the check valve 92 is provided only in the downstream main path 27B.
- both the first end 81a and the second end 81b are connected to the container 47 of the electrolyzer 41.
- FIG. 25A is a cross-sectional view showing a modification 11 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80
- FIG. 25B is a cross-sectional view showing a modification 12 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80
- FIG. 25C is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example 13 of the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80.
- modified example 8 except that the first end 81a is connected to the downstream main path 27B and the second end 81b is connected to the upstream main path 27A. , 9 and 10 are provided with valves.
- a check valve 91 is provided in the upstream main path 27A, and a check valve 92 is provided in the downstream main path 27B.
- the check valve 91 is provided upstream of the second end portion 81b, and the check valve 92 is provided downstream of the first end portion 81a.
- the check valve 91 is provided only in the upstream main path 27A.
- the check valve 91 is provided upstream of the second end portion 81b.
- the check valve 92 is provided only in the downstream main path 27B.
- the check valve 92 is provided downstream of the first end portion 81a.
- FIG. 26A is a side view showing a modified example 14 of the electrolyzer 41
- FIG. 26B is a sectional view of the electrolyzed device 41 of the modified example 14 (BB in FIG. 26A).
- At least one of the plurality of concave portions 65 and the plurality of convex portions 66 is provided on one or both electrodes of the electrode pair 49. These concave portions 65 and convex portions 66 may be provided only on some of the electrode pairs 49 of the plurality of electrode pairs 49.
- FIG. 26B a case where a plurality of concave portions 65 and a plurality of convex portions 66 are provided in each electrode is illustrated.
- the plurality of concave portions 65 and the plurality of convex portions 66 in each electrode are formed on one surface of a metal plate material (not shown) (for example, a flat metal thin plate). Is formed by subjecting the metal plate material to sheet metal processing such as pressing so that the other surface protrudes due to the recess.
- a metal plate material for example, a flat metal thin plate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Each electrode formed in this way has a plurality of concave portions 65 formed on one surface and a plurality of convex portions 66 formed on the other surface, and the concave portions 65 and the convex portions 66 are mutually connected. It is in the same position on the opposite side.
- each recess 65 is a hemisphere that is recessed in the thickness direction of the electrode
- the shape of each protrusion 66 is a hemisphere that protrudes in the thickness direction of the electrode.
- Other shapes such as a column shape may be used.
- both the concave portion 65 and the convex portion 66 are provided in one electrode, but the present invention is not limited to this. Only one of the concave portion 65 and the convex portion 66 may be provided in one electrode.
- the water flowing in the water flow path between the adjacent electrodes 51 and 52 is stirred by at least one of the plurality of concave portions 65 and the plurality of convex portions 66.
- the difference between the scale component concentration in the cathode side region and the scale component concentration in the anode side region is reduced.
- the scale component concentration in the region on the cathode side is higher than before the stirring, so that the scale component removal efficiency is improved.
- FIG. 27A is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example 15 of the electrolyzer 41.
- the water flow path in the container 47 of the electrolyzer 41 is not a meandering flow path as in the embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the water flow path in the modified example 15 is composed of a plurality of flow paths extending along the side wall of the container 47 (wall portions 473 and 474 in FIG. 27A).
- the plurality of flow paths are substantially parallel to the side wall of the container 47, but are not limited thereto, and may be inclined with respect to the side wall.
- Each of the plurality of flow paths is formed by adjacent electrodes 51 and 52.
- the circulation path 81 of the circulation mechanism 80 may be connected to the container 47 as shown in FIG. 27 (A), and the first end portion 81a of the circulation path 81 is downstream-side main as shown in FIG. 27 (B).
- the second end 81b may be connected to the upstream main path 27A, connected to the path 27B.
- each of the plurality of electrodes 51 and 52 may be a flat plate having no through hole or unevenness, but is not limited thereto.
- the stirring means of the third embodiment may further include not only the circulation mechanism 80 but also the inflow portion of the second embodiment. That is, in the third embodiment, at least some of the electrodes 51 and 52 may be electrodes having the characteristics of the second embodiment. Specifically, in the third embodiment, at least some of the electrodes may have, for example, the communication part C, the concave part 65, the convex part 66, and the like shown in FIGS. In this case, in the electrolysis apparatus 41, the synergistic effect of the stirring effect by the circulation mechanism 80 of 3rd Embodiment and the stirring effect by the inflow part of 2nd Embodiment is acquired.
- the stirring means of the third embodiment may further include not only the circulation mechanism 80 but also the stirring unit 60 of the first embodiment. That is, the electrolyzer 41 of the third embodiment may include a stirring unit 60 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 11, for example. In this case, in the electrolysis apparatus 41, the synergistic effect of the stirring effect by the circulation mechanism 80 of 3rd Embodiment and the stirring effect by the stirring part 60 of 1st Embodiment is acquired.
- Table 1 is data showing the effect of improving the electrolysis efficiency obtained by increasing the ratio of the circulation flow rate Gc to the main flow rate Gw.
- the electrolysis efficiency is compared by the performance ratio in Table 1.
- the performance ratio indicates how many times the electrolysis efficiency of the example corresponds to the electrolysis efficiency of the comparative example when the electrolysis efficiency of the comparative example is 1.
- Example 1 to 4 the electrolysis efficiency was evaluated under the conditions shown in Table 1 using the heat pump water heater 11 including the electrolyzer 41 and the circulation mechanism 80 shown in FIGS. 21 (A) and (B).
- Example 3 and 4 a case where an electrolysis apparatus 41 including an electrode having a communication portion C shown in FIG. 12A is used, and a cylindrical stirring member shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the electrolysis efficiency was evaluated under both conditions when the electrolysis apparatus 41 having 61 was used.
- the electrolysis apparatus 41 in which the communication portion C is not provided in the electrode and the stirring member 61 is not provided is used.
- the electrolysis efficiency was evaluated under the conditions shown in Table 1 using a heat pump water heater without a circulation mechanism.
- the electrolysis apparatus 41 including the electrode having the communication portion C shown in FIG. 12A and the electrolysis having the columnar stirring member 61 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are used.
- the electrolysis efficiency was evaluated under both conditions when the apparatus 41 was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 to 4 in which the multiple of the circulating flow rate Gc with respect to the main flow rate Gw is 5 times or more, the electrolysis efficiency is improved as compared with the comparative example.
- the water flow rate in the water flow path between the electrodes 51 and 52 is 6 times or more that of the comparative example.
- Example 3 further provided with a stirring unit for stirring the water flow path
- the electrolysis efficiency is further significantly improved as compared with Example 2.
- the communicating part C provided in the electrode or the stirring member 61 provided in the water flow path is used as the stirring part, and any of these stirring parts is electrically used. Decomposition efficiency is greatly improved.
- the Reynolds number is 3500, and the flow of water is turbulent.
- the electrolysis efficiency is further improved as compared with Example 3.
- the water flow in the water channel is a laminar flow (Reynolds number 160). Therefore, it is estimated that the amount of water passing through the communication part C does not increase easily and passes through the vicinity of the stirring member 61 in a state where the water is not sufficiently disturbed.
- the circulation flow rate Gc is made larger than the main flow rate Gw by the circulation mechanism 80. Therefore, it is estimated that the amount of water passing through the communication portion C is larger than that in the reference example, and that water passing near the stirring member 61 is greatly disturbed compared to the reference example.
- the electrolysis efficiency can be increased while suppressing the cost increase caused by the electrodes.
- the circulation mechanism 80 While the water is circulated by the circulation mechanism 80, the water flow path in the container 47 is continuously stirred. Therefore, even if the main flow rate Gw is small, the water on the cathode side and the water on the anode side in the water flow path. And are thoroughly mixed. Thereby, while the water is circulated by the circulation mechanism 80, treated water having stable water quality (electrolyzed water) can be obtained.
- the first end 81a and the second end 81b when at least one of the first end 81a and the second end 81b is connected to the container 47, the first end 81a is connected to the downstream main path 27B.
- the stirring effect of the water in the container 47 can be enhanced. That is, when water flows into the circulation path 81 through the first end portion 81a, the water in the container 47 in the vicinity of the first end portion 81a is more likely to be disturbed, and the water is supplied to the container 47 through the second end portion 81b. This is because the water in the container 47 in the vicinity of the second end portion 81b is more likely to be disturbed by flowing in.
- the communicating part C which penetrates an electrode to the thickness direction is provided in at least one electrode of the electrode pair 49, it is as shown in the above-mentioned Example.
- the electrolysis efficiency is significantly improved by the synergistic effect of the action of increasing the circulation flow rate Gc and the action of the communication portion C.
- the circulating flow rate Gc is increased.
- the electrolysis efficiency is remarkably improved by the synergistic effect of the action by the concave part 65 and the convex part 66.
- the stirring member 61 for stirring the water flowing through the water channel is provided in the water channel between the electrode pair 49, as shown in the above-described embodiment.
- the electrolysis efficiency is significantly improved by the synergistic effect of the action of increasing the circulation flow rate Gc and the action of the stirring member 61.
- the direction of the meandering flow path formed in the container 47 may be the vertical direction or the horizontal direction.
- the cross section when the electrolyzer 41 shown in FIG. 2 is cut along a plane parallel to the horizontal direction has a shape as shown in FIG. 3A
- the electrolysis shown in FIG. A cross section when the device 41 is cut along a plane parallel to the vertical direction has a shape as shown in FIG.
- the case where the electrolyzer 41 is provided in the inlet pipe 27 located downstream of the pump 31 and upstream of the water heat exchanger 21 in the water flow path of the heat pump water heater 11 is taken as an example.
- the electrolyzer 41 may be provided upstream of the water heat exchanger 21 in the water flow path.
- the electrolyzer 41 may be provided, for example, in the incoming water pipe 27 upstream of the pump 31, or may be provided in the water supply pipe 37 that supplies water to the tank 15 from the water supply source. Good.
- the container 47 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the container 47 may have a prismatic shape other than a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylindrical shape.
- a transient water heater has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be applied to, for example, a water heater of a type in which a part of water (hot water) supplied from the hot water supply pipe 35 is returned to the tank 15 again.
- the case where a plurality of communication portions C are provided on the electrode plate is illustrated, but it is sufficient that at least one communication portion C is provided on the electrode plate.
- the temperature control water supply machine was the heat pump water heater 11
- it is not limited to this.
- a temperature control water supply machine it is applicable also to the other use which needs to remove a scale component, for example, a heat pump hot water heater, a combustion type hot water heater, an electric water heater, a cooling tower, etc.
- high-temperature water stored in the tank 15 is used for heating applications.
- the combustion water heater includes an electrolyzer 41 and a water heat exchanger 21A provided on the downstream side of the electrolyzer 41.
- water is heated using thermal energy obtained by burning fuel gas or the like in the water heat exchanger 21A.
- the electric water heater includes an electrolyzer 41 and a water heat exchanger 21A provided on the downstream side of the electrolyzer 41.
- water is heated using electric energy in the water heat exchanger 21A.
- the cooling tower includes, for example, an electrolysis device 41 and a water heat exchanger 21A provided on the downstream side of the electrolysis device 41, as shown in FIGS.
- water is heated in the water heat exchanger 21A by exchanging heat generated by other devices with a fluid that has been conveyed.
- the circulation path 81 of the circulation mechanism 80 is connected to the container 47, but is not limited to this, and may be connected to various connection sites shown in the various modifications described above.
- the electrolysis apparatus removes scale components contained in water sent to the water heat exchanger.
- the electrolyzer has a container having a water inlet and a water outlet, a plurality of electrodes provided in the container, and stirring that stirs water flowing between adjacent electrodes between the water inlet and the water outlet. Means.
- the stirring unit may include a component other than the electrode, or may be formed on the electrode itself.
- Specific examples of the former include the first embodiment and the third embodiment.
- the second embodiment can be given as a specific example of the latter.
- the structural component returns the water in the container or the water flowing out from the water outlet of the container to the upstream side, and further to the upstream side than the main flow rate sent to the water heat exchanger.
- a circulation mechanism that increases the return circulation flow rate may be included.
- the amount of water heated in the water heat exchanger (the amount of water sent to the water heat exchanger) and the amount of water electrolyzed in the electrolyzer Is the same.
- the speed of the water which flows through the water flow path between electrodes is slow, and the flow of water in the water flow path becomes a laminar flow. Therefore, despite the presence of water having a relatively high scale component concentration in the anode side region, the scale component concentration in the cathode side region described above is kept low, and sufficient electrolysis efficiency is obtained. difficult.
- the flow rate of the water flowing through the water flow path between the electrode pairs is increased by increasing the circulation flow rate rather than the main flow rate sent to the water heat exchanger.
- water is stirred in the water flow path, and the difference between the scale component concentration in the cathode side region and the scale component concentration in the anode side region is reduced.
- the scale component removal efficiency is improved because the scale component concentration in the cathode-side region is higher than before the water is circulated at the circulation flow rate.
- the circulating flow rate is preferably 5 times or more of the main flow rate.
- the circulation flow rate is 5 times or more of the main flow rate as in this configuration, the increase in the flow turbulence becomes significant as shown in the examples described later, and the effect of improving the electrolysis efficiency becomes high.
- the circulation mechanism includes a circulation path and a circulation pump for flowing water through the circulation path, and the first end of the circulation path.
- the section is connected to the container or the downstream main path, and the second end of the circulation path is connected to a position upstream of the connection portion of the first end of the container or the upstream main path. May be.
- connection structures when at least one of the first end and the second end is connected to the container, the first end is connected to the downstream main path, and the second end is upstream. Compared with the case where it is connected to the side main path, the stirring effect of the water in the container can be enhanced. That is, when water flows into the circulation path through the first end, water in the container near the first end is more likely to be disturbed, and when water flows into the container through the second end. This is because the water in the container in the vicinity of the second end is more likely to be disturbed.
- the component may include a plurality of stirring members arranged along the direction in which water flows between the adjacent electrodes.
- the removal efficiency of the scale component can be increased only by adopting a simple structure in which a plurality of stirring members are arranged along the direction in which the water flows.
- each stirring member is preferably formed of an insulating material.
- each stirring member is formed of an insulating material, there is an advantage that even if it is exposed to an electrolysis process over a long period of time while being disposed between adjacent electrodes, it is difficult to corrode.
- each stirring member may extend in a direction intersecting with the water flowing direction in a state where a gap is provided between each electrode.
- each stirring member since each stirring member is extended in the direction which cross
- each stirring member is arrange
- the component may include a stirrer having a stirring blade disposed in a container and a motor connected to the stirring blade.
- the plurality of electrodes include a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a third electrode plate having a plate shape, and the first electrode plate, the second electrode plate, and the third electrode plate are in this order.
- the gap between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate functions as a first flow path through which water flows, and the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are arranged with a gap therebetween in the plate thickness direction.
- the gap between the electrode plates functions as a second flow path through which water flows, and the stirring means includes an inflow portion provided in the second electrode plate, and a part of the water flowing through the first flow path Flows into the second flow path through the inflow portion.
- the removal efficiency of scale components in water can be increased without increasing the number of electrode plates to increase the area of the electrode plates, thereby suppressing an increase in cost due to the electrode material. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of the scale component can be increased.
- the inflow portion includes a plurality of through holes provided in the second electrode plate.
- the effect of stirring the water flowing through the second flow path can be further enhanced.
- the inflow portion may include a communication portion provided at an edge of the second electrode plate.
- At least one of the first electrode plate, the second electrode plate, and the third electrode plate includes a plurality of protrusions and adjacent ones protruding toward the adjacent electrode plates. You may have at least one of the several recessed part dented on the opposite side to the electrode plate to fit.
- the plurality of electrodes form a meandering channel through which water meanders in the container.
- the water flowing into the container from the water inlet flows along the electrode in a meandering path from the upstream side to the downstream side, so that the contact area between the electrode and water is increased, and the removal efficiency of scale components is increased. Further improvement can be achieved.
- the temperature-controlled water supply device of the present invention includes a water heat exchanger for heating water and the electrolyzer, and supplies water whose temperature is adjusted in the water heat exchanger.
- the temperature-controlled water supply device includes the electrolysis device as described above, the electrolysis device suppresses the deposition of scale in the water heat exchanger while suppressing the cost increase caused by the electrode material. can do.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の一実施形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯機11について図面を参照しながら説明する。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯機11は、ヒートポンプユニット13と、貯湯ユニット17と、電気分解装置41と、これらを制御するコントローラ32とを備えている。
(第1実施形態)
図3(A)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を鉛直方向に平行な平面で切断した断面図であり、図3(B)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を水平方向に平行な平面で切断した断面図である。
第2実施形態の電気分解装置41は、電極に設けられた撹拌手段としての流入部を有する。図11(A)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を鉛直方向に平行な平面で切断した断面図であり、図11(B)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を水平方向に平行な平面で切断した断面図である。
第3実施形態に係る電気分解装置41は、図20に示すように、撹拌手段としての循環機構80をさらに備える点で第1実施形態及び第2実施形態と異なっている。図21(A),(B)は、第3実施形態に係る電気分解装置41を示す断面図である。図21(A)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を鉛直方向に平行な平面で切断したときの断面図であり、電気分解装置41の当該断面を側面視した図である。図21(B)は、図2に示す電気分解装置41を水平方向に平行な平面で切断したときの断面図であり、電気分解装置41の当該断面を平面視した図である。
なお、本発明は、前記実施形態に限られるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更、改良等が可能である。
なお、上述した実施形態を概説すると次の通りである。
21 水熱交換器
41 電気分解装置
43 水入口
45 水出口
47 容器
49 電極対
51 電極
52 電極
60 撹拌部
80 循環機構
81 循環路
82 循環ポンプ
C 連通部
Claims (15)
- 水熱交換器に送る水に含まれるスケール成分を除去するための電気分解装置であって、
水入口及び水出口を有する容器と、
前記容器内に設けられた複数の電極と、
前記水入口と前記水出口との間において隣り合う電極間を流れる水を撹拌する撹拌手段と、を備える電気分解装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記撹拌手段は、前記電極とは別の構成部品を含む。 - 請求項2に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記構成部品は、前記容器内の水又は前記容器の前記水出口から流出した水を上流側に戻し、且つ前記水熱交換器に送る主流の流量よりも上流側に戻す循環流量を多くする循環機構を含む。 - 請求項3に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記循環流量は、前記主流の流量の5倍以上である。 - 請求項3又は4に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記容器の前記水入口に接続され、前記容器に水を供給するための上流側主経路と、
前記容器の前記水出口に接続され、前記水出口から流出した水を前記水熱交換器に送るための下流側主経路と、をさらに備え、
前記循環機構は、循環路と、前記循環路に水を流す循環ポンプとを含み、
前記循環路の第1端部は、前記容器又は前記下流側主経路に接続され、
前記循環路の第2端部は、前記容器における前記第1端部の接続部位よりも上流側の位置又は前記上流側主経路に接続されている。 - 請求項2~5に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記構成部品は、前記隣り合う電極間において水の流れる方向に沿って配列された複数の撹拌部材を含む。 - 請求項6に記載の電気分解装置において、
各撹拌部材は、絶縁性材料により形成されている。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の電気分解装置において、
各撹拌部材は、各電極との間に隙間が設けられた状態で前記水の流れる方向に交わる方向に延びている。 - 請求項2~8のいずれか1項に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記構成部品は、容器内に配置された撹拌翼と、前記撹拌翼に接続されたモータとを有する撹拌機を含む。 - 請求項1~9に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記複数の電極は、板形状を呈する第1電極板、第2電極板及び第3電極板を含み、
前記第1電極板、前記第2電極板及び前記第3電極板は、この順に板厚方向に互いに隙間をあけて配列され、
前記第1電極板と前記第2電極板との間の隙間は、水が流れる第1流路として機能し、
前記第2電極板と前記第3電極板との間の隙間は、水が流れる第2流路として機能し、
前記撹拌手段は、前記第2電極板に設けられた流入部を含み、
前記第1流路を流れる水の一部は、前記流入部を通じて前記第2流路に流入する。 - 請求項10に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記流入部は、前記第2電極板に設けられた複数の貫通孔を含む。 - 請求項10又は11に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記流入部は、前記第2電極板の縁に設けられた連通部を含む。 - 請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記第1電極板、前記第2電極板及び前記第3電極板のうちの少なくとも1つの電極板は、隣り合う電極板側に突出する複数の凸部及び隣り合う電極板とは反対側に凹む複数の凹部の少なくとも一方を有する。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の電気分解装置において、
前記複数の電極は、前記容器内において水が蛇行しながら流れる蛇行流路を形成している。 - 水を加熱する水熱交換器と、
請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の電気分解装置と、を備え、前記水熱交換器において温度調節された水を供給する温度調節水供給機。
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US14/388,271 US20150047973A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-03-27 | Electrolysis device and temperature-adjusting water-supplying apparatus provided with same |
CN201380017053.8A CN104203836B (zh) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-03-27 | 电解装置以及具备该电解装置的温度调节供水机 |
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JP2012079547A JP5304916B1 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | 電気分解装置及び温度調節水供給機 |
JP2012264147A JP5365737B1 (ja) | 2012-12-03 | 2012-12-03 | 温度調節水供給機 |
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