WO2013129624A1 - 積層体の製造方法、および積層体 - Google Patents
積層体の製造方法、および積層体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013129624A1 WO2013129624A1 PCT/JP2013/055573 JP2013055573W WO2013129624A1 WO 2013129624 A1 WO2013129624 A1 WO 2013129624A1 JP 2013055573 W JP2013055573 W JP 2013055573W WO 2013129624 A1 WO2013129624 A1 WO 2013129624A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- zinc
- layer
- gas
- dielectric layer
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/211—SnO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/216—ZnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/228—Other specific oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate manufacturing method and a laminate, and more particularly, to a laminate manufacturing method having a low emissivity, and a laminate.
- a laminate having a low emissivity is used for a window glass of a building or an automobile.
- the laminated body is obtained by forming a heat ray blocking film on a transparent substrate such as a glass substrate.
- the laminated body is required to have a low emissivity of heat rays so as not to let the heat in the room escape.
- the heat ray blocking film has a low radiation metal layer, for example, a dielectric layer, a metal layer, In addition, a dielectric layer formed in this order, and a metal layer and a dielectric layer formed repeatedly in addition to these are also known.
- Such a heat ray blocking film is also called a Low-E (Low-Emissivity) film, and the glass on which it is formed is called Low-E glass.
- the dielectric layer a layer mainly composed of tin oxide, zinc oxide, or antimony oxide is known.
- a metal layer what has silver, gold
- a typical laminated body for example, a dielectric layer whose main component is zinc oxide and a metal layer whose main component is silver or a silver alloy is known (for example, see Patent Document 1 or 2).
- Laminates are usually used as double-glazed glass or laminated glass, but depending on the moisture in the environment during storage of the laminated body from the time of film formation until the assembling process of double-glazed glass or the manufacturing process of laminated glass. White spots occur, and the storage and handling properties are not always excellent.
- a tin oxide film or an ion rather than a divalent zinc ion in an oxidized state can be used.
- a zinc oxide film to which another element having a small radius is added is known.
- the internal stress is sufficient due to moisture remaining in the sputtering apparatus.
- the moisture resistance of the laminate may be insufficient.
- at least one dielectric layer is formed by sputtering using a target mainly composed of zinc, tin, or the like in an atmosphere containing a gas containing carbon atoms, for example. Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-41740 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-229052 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-237630
- the surface of the laminated body is cleaned with a high-speed rotating brush or the like at the time of manufacturing. Is required.
- a dielectric layer is formed by sputtering using a target mainly composed of zinc, tin, or the like in an atmosphere containing a gas containing carbon atoms.
- the scratch resistance cannot always be improved simply by replacing the conventional dielectric layer with a simple dielectric layer. That is, in the prior art, it was difficult to produce a laminate excellent in both moisture resistance and scratch resistance.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a production method for producing a laminate having excellent moisture resistance and scratch resistance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminate having excellent moisture resistance and scratch resistance.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention includes a first step of forming a dielectric layer, a metal layer, and a dielectric layer in this order on a transparent substrate, and an oxide of tin and zinc after the first step. And a second step of forming a tin-zinc oxide layer containing as a main component.
- the formation of the tin zinc oxide layer in the second step is performed by sputtering using a metal target containing tin and zinc as main components in a gas atmosphere in which a gas containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- the formation of the dielectric layer in the first step is performed in a gas atmosphere in which a gas not containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- the laminate of the present invention is formed on a transparent substrate, a unit layer formed on the transparent substrate, having a dielectric layer, a metal layer, and a dielectric layer in this order from the transparent substrate side, and the unit layer. And a tin-zinc oxide layer containing, as a main component, an oxide of tin and zinc and containing 0.1 atomic% or more of carbon with respect to the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the method for producing a laminate according to the present invention is particularly effective in a tin atmosphere in an atmosphere containing a carbon atom-containing gas after the first step of forming a dielectric layer, a metal layer, and a dielectric layer in this order on a transparent substrate.
- Moisture resistance and scratch resistance were improved by sputtering using a metal target mainly composed of zinc and zinc to form a tin zinc oxide layer composed mainly of an oxide of tin and zinc.
- a laminate can be produced.
- the main component is an oxide of tin and zinc, and the tin and zinc
- the tin and zinc By having a tin zinc oxide layer containing 0.1 atomic% of carbon with respect to the total amount, moisture resistance and scratch resistance can be improved.
- Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the other example of the laminated body of this invention.
- the method for manufacturing a laminate of the present invention includes a first step of forming a dielectric layer, a metal layer, and a dielectric layer in this order on a transparent substrate, and an oxide of tin and zinc after the first step. And a second step of forming a tin zinc oxide layer as a main component.
- the tin zinc oxide layer in the second step is formed by sputtering using a metal target containing tin and zinc as main components in a gas atmosphere in which a gas containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- the formation of the dielectric layer in the first step is performed in a gas atmosphere in which a gas not containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- tin-zinc oxidation mainly composed of an oxide of tin and zinc
- the second step of forming the physical layer is performed, and the formation of the tin-zinc oxide layer in the second step is performed by combining tin and zinc in a gas atmosphere in which a gas containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- carbon atoms are further added.
- a tin zinc oxide layer by sputtering using a metal target mainly composed of tin and zinc in a gas atmosphere in which the contained gas substantially functions as an oxidizing gas, a gas containing no carbon atoms is substantially obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate produced by the production method of the present invention.
- the laminate 1 has, for example, a transparent substrate 11 on which the unit layer 12 is formed by the first step.
- the unit layer 12 includes, for example, a dielectric layer 121, a metal layer 122, a barrier layer 123, and a dielectric layer 121 formed in this order. Is formed in a gas atmosphere that substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- a tin zinc oxide layer 13 mainly composed of an oxide of tin and zinc is formed on the unit layer 12 by the second step.
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 is formed by sputtering using a metal target containing tin and zinc as main components in a gas atmosphere in which a gas containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of a laminate.
- the unit layer 12 is formed on the transparent substrate 11 by the first step and the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 is formed by the second step
- the unit layer 12 is further formed by the first step.
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 may be formed by the second step.
- the number of repetitions of the combination in which the second step is performed after the first step may be two as shown in FIG. 2, or may be three or more times although not shown.
- the number of repetitions of the combination in which the second step is performed after the first step is not necessarily limited as long as the number of repetitions is one or more. Only low visible light transmittance can be obtained. Therefore, the number of repetitions is preferably 1 to 4 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times.
- tin and zinc are mainly contained in an atmosphere containing a gas containing carbon atoms before the first step that is performed first among the first steps.
- the transparent substrate 11 is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency.
- window glass for buildings commonly used float plate glass, soda-lime glass manufactured by a roll-out method is used.
- a plate glass having inorganic transparency can be used.
- colorless glass such as clear glass and high transmittance glass, green such as heat ray absorbing glass, and other colored ones can be used, and the shape of the glass is not particularly limited.
- colorless transparent glass such as clear glass, high transmittance glass, and flat plate glass is preferable.
- the transparent substrate 11 not only flat glass and bent plate glass but also various tempered glasses such as air-cooled tempered glass and chemically tempered glass can be used. Furthermore, various glass substrates such as borosilicate glass, low expansion glass, zero expansion glass, low expansion crystallized glass, and zero expansion crystallized glass can be used. Examples of other than the glass substrate include amorphous resin substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, and polyethylene resin.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate 11 is not necessarily limited, but is usually preferably 1 to 10 mm.
- the dielectric layer 121 is not necessarily limited as long as it is made of a metal oxide, but is preferably composed mainly of a zinc oxide.
- zinc oxide as a main component, for example, when the metal layer 122 is formed thereon, crystallization of the metal layer 122 can be promoted to be uniform and dense.
- the dielectric layer 121 can contain, for example, one or more additive elements selected from tin, aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium. By including the additive element, the visible light transmittance and near-infrared light transmittance of the laminate 1 can be improved.
- the phrase “having zinc oxide as the main component” specifically means that 90% by mass or more of zinc oxide is contained in the total amount of zinc and additive elements.
- Zinc, tin, aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium in the dielectric layer 121 are, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and oxide. Chromium (Cr 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ), or a composite thereof It is contained as an oxide.
- aluminum and tin are preferable because they are inexpensive.
- Aluminum is preferable because it is an inexpensive material and can increase the deposition rate. Tin is also preferable because it is a relatively inexpensive material.
- the additive element is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight in the total amount of zinc and the additive element.
- the additive element is 0.1% by weight or more, the visible light transmittance and the near infrared light transmittance can be efficiently improved.
- the additive element is 10% by mass or less, the stability of the metal layer 122 formed on the dielectric layer 121 can be ensured.
- 0.1 to 10% by mass of aluminum is preferable in the total amount of zinc and aluminum, and more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 121 is, for example, the position of the dielectric layer 121 in the unit layer 12, that is, the upper and lower positions of the dielectric layer 121 with respect to the metal layer 122, the dielectric layer 121 when two or more unit layers 12 are provided. 1 nm or more, and preferably 3 nm or more for each dielectric layer 121, although it varies slightly depending on the position of the unit layer 12 including, optical characteristics required for the laminate 1, and the like.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 121 By setting the thickness of the dielectric layer 121 to 1 nm or more, for example, when the metal layer 122 is formed thereon, the crystallization of the metal layer 122 can be promoted to be uniform and dense, and tin zinc oxide can be formed.
- a laminate 1 with improved moisture resistance and scratch resistance can be produced together with the layer 13.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 121 is sufficient if it is, for example, 20 nm. By setting the thickness below this, it is possible to suppress deterioration in the characteristics of the metal layer 122 due to the rough surface of the dielectric layer 121.
- the dielectric layer 121 may be formed in a gas atmosphere in which a gas not containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas, and may be formed in an atmosphere having a gas ratio not containing carbon atoms of 50% or more. More preferred. It is preferable to form by sputtering using a metal target mainly composed of zinc.
- the metal target mainly composed of zinc can contain, for example, one or more additive elements selected from tin, aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium together with zinc.
- the gas atmosphere in which a gas not containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas specifically means an atmosphere containing 25 atomic% or less of carbon atoms.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the entire metal target.
- the content of the additive element is set to 0.1% by mass or more, it is possible to efficiently obtain the laminate 1 with improved visible light transmittance and near infrared light transmittance.
- the content of the additive element is set to 10% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in film formation speed, visible light transmittance, near infrared light transmittance, and the like, an increase in heat ray emissivity, and the like.
- the content is more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
- the metal layer 122 is preferably composed mainly of silver, and specifically, preferably contains 90% by weight or more of silver.
- the metal layer 122 can contain one or more additive elements selected from palladium, gold, copper, and platinum together with silver. By adding an additive element, the visible light transmittance and near infrared light transmittance can be improved, the emissivity of heat rays having a longer wavelength than visible light and near infrared light can be reduced, and the stability of silver is also increased. be able to.
- the total amount of the additive element in the entire metal layer 122 is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the content of the additive element 0.1% by mass or more, the visible light transmittance and near infrared light transmittance can be improved efficiently, and heat rays having a longer wavelength than visible light and near infrared light can be obtained.
- the emissivity can be reduced efficiently, and the stability of silver can also be increased efficiently.
- the content of the additive element is more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass.
- the thickness of the metal layer 122 is preferably 5 to 20 nm. By setting the thickness of the metal layer 122 to 5 nm or more, the surface resistance value of the stacked body 1 can be effectively reduced, and the emissivity of the heat rays can be reduced. In addition, by setting the thickness of the metal layer 122 to 20 nm or less, visible light transmittance and near infrared light transmittance can be ensured.
- the thickness of the metal layer 122 is more preferably 7 to 15 nm from the viewpoint of securing visible light transmittance and near infrared light transmittance while reducing the surface resistance value of the laminate 1.
- the metal layer 122 is preferably formed by sputtering using a metal target mainly composed of silver.
- the metal target composed mainly of silver can contain, for example, one or more additive elements selected from palladium, gold, copper, and platinum together with silver.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the entire metal target. Visible light transmittance and near-infrared light transmittance are improved by setting the content of the additive element to 0.1% by mass or more, and emissivity of heat rays having a longer wavelength than visible light and near-infrared light. Can be produced, and a laminate 1 with improved silver stability can be produced. In addition, by setting the content of the additive element to 10% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in film formation speed, visible light transmittance, near infrared light transmittance, and the like, an increase in heat ray emissivity, and the like. When the additive element is contained, the content is more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass.
- a barrier layer 123 for suppressing oxidation of the metal layer 122 when the dielectric layer 121 is formed is provided on the metal layer 122.
- the barrier layer 123 include those containing the metal element contained in the dielectric layer 121.
- the barrier layer 123 contains zinc as a main component, and tin, aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron as necessary. , Magnesium, and gallium containing one or more additive elements.
- the barrier layer 123 may be composed mainly of titanium.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 123 is preferably 0.5 nm or more. Note that the thickness of the barrier layer 123 here is the thickness when the barrier layer 123 itself is formed. By setting the thickness of the barrier layer 123 to 0.5 nm or more, oxidation of the metal layer 122 during formation of the dielectric layer 121 can be effectively suppressed.
- the thickness of the barrier layer is not necessarily limited as long as it is 0.5 nm or more, but 10 nm is sufficient to suppress the oxidation of the metal layer 122, and by setting the thickness below this, the barrier layer 123 is made of metal. Since it remains, it can suppress that visible light transmittance falls.
- the sputtering method for forming each layer in the first step is not particularly limited, and examples include RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering method, DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method, and AC magnetron sputtering method.
- the DC magnetron sputtering method is suitable for uniformly forming a substrate having a large area such as glass used in buildings, automobiles, vehicles, etc. at low cost with high productivity.
- the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 in the second step described above is formed by sputtering using a metal target containing tin and zinc as main components in an atmosphere containing a gas containing carbon atoms.
- the metal target preferably contains 20 to 80% by mass of tin in the total amount of tin and zinc. According to such a metal target, the internal stress of the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 can be reduced, the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed, and the decrease in moisture resistance due to the penetration of moisture can be suppressed. In addition to the formation of the dielectric layer 121, the scratch resistance of the multilayer body 1 can be improved.
- the metal target preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass of tin and more preferably 35 to 65% by mass in the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the metal target can contain one or more additive elements selected from aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium along with tin and zinc.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 10% by weight or less in the entire metal target.
- the content of the additive element is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less.
- the sputtering method is not particularly limited, and examples include RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering method, DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method, and AC magnetron sputtering method.
- the DC magnetron sputtering method is suitable for uniformly forming a substrate having a large area such as glass used in buildings, automobiles, vehicles, etc. at low cost with high productivity.
- a gas containing carbon atoms is used for a part or all of it.
- the gas containing a carbon atom include CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 , CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, C 3 H 7 OH, and the like. It is done.
- a sputtering gas for example, a gas composed only of CO 2, a mixed gas consisting of CO 2 and Ar, a mixed gas of CO 2 and Ar and O 2 can be mentioned as preferred.
- CO 2 is particularly suitable industrially because it is not explosive, flammable, toxic, easy to handle and inexpensive.
- oxidizing other than CO 2 is weak, or when using a gas not oxidizing, O 2, N 2 gas oxidizing power is a O or the like, i.e., a reactive gas is suitably used in combination, the oxidation A gas atmosphere that functions as a gas can be obtained.
- the ratio of CO 2 to the total gas flow rate is preferably 50% or more.
- the CO 2 ratio is less than 50%, the metal atoms sputtered and knocked out of the metal target tend to be taken into the film in a metal state that is not sufficiently oxidized and become a colored film.
- O 2 , N 2 O, or the like can be used as a reactive gas in combination with CO 2 .
- the ratio of the total reactive gas to the total gas flow rate is preferably 50% or more for the same reason as described above.
- the ratio in the flow volume of the gas containing the carbon atom in all the reactive gases becomes like this.
- it is 50% or more, More preferably, it is 65% or more, More preferably, it is 80% or more.
- the flow rate of the sputtering gas varies depending on the sputtering conditions. For example, when the target size is 70 mm ⁇ 200 mm, the sputtering gas flow rate is preferably 30 to 200 sccm (cc / min in terms of standard state).
- the sputtering conditions depend on the apparatus conditions such as the volume of the sputtering film forming chamber, the area of the target, the exhaust speed of the vacuum pump, the flow rate of the introduced gas, the arrangement of the target and the substrate.
- the chamber Prior to film formation, the chamber is evacuated to a vacuum of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- the flow rate of CO 2 introduced into the chamber as a sputtering gas is 100 sccm
- the sputtering pressure is 0.6 Pa
- a transparent tin zinc oxide layer 13 is obtained.
- the internal stress of the obtained tin zinc oxide layer 13 is about 200 MPa (compressive stress).
- the internal stress when O 2 gas is used instead of CO 2 is about 400 MPa (compressive stress).
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 preferably contains 20 to 80% by mass of tin in the total amount of tin and zinc. According to such a tin-zinc oxide layer 13, internal stress can be reduced, cracking can be suppressed, and deterioration of moisture resistance due to moisture intrusion can be suppressed. In addition to the formation of the dielectric layer 121, the scratch resistance of the multilayer body 1 can be improved.
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass of tin and more preferably 35 to 65% by mass in the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 can contain one or more additive elements selected from aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium along with tin and zinc.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 10% by mass or less in the total amount of tin, zinc, and the additive element.
- the content of the additive element is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less.
- the carbon content in the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 is preferably 0.1 to 10 atomic% with respect to the total amount of tin and zinc. By setting the content to 0.1 atomic% or more, it is possible to obtain the effect of containing carbon, and it is possible to obtain a laminated body 1 that has excellent moisture resistance while reducing internal stress and improved scratch resistance. Moreover, if it is 10 atomic% or less, the strength of the film does not decrease due to carbon.
- the content ratio of carbon in the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 is more preferably 1 to 5 atomic%, and further preferably 1.5 to 3 atomic% with respect to the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the thickness of the tin zinc oxide layer 13 is preferably 3 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more for each tin zinc oxide layer 13.
- the thickness of the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 is not necessarily limited as long as it is 3 nm or more. However, when it is excessively thick, the visible light transmittance is low enough to be used as a window for buildings, automobiles, and railway vehicles. Can only be obtained.
- the thickness of the tin zinc oxide layer 13 is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 80 nm or less for each tin zinc oxide layer 13.
- the total thickness of these layers is preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 250 nm or less.
- the underlayer 14 is made of tin and zinc in a gas atmosphere in which a gas containing carbon atoms substantially functions as an oxidizing gas. It forms as needed by sputtering using the metal target as a main component.
- the underlayer 14 can be formed basically in the same manner as the tin zinc oxide layer 13.
- the metal target for forming the underlayer 14 preferably contains 20 to 80% by mass of tin in the total amount of tin and zinc. According to such a metal target, the internal stress of the tin-zinc oxide layer 13 can be reduced, the generation of cracks can be suppressed, and the decrease in moisture resistance due to the intrusion of moisture can be suppressed. In addition to the formation of the dielectric layer 121, the scratch resistance of the multilayer body 1 can be improved.
- the metal target preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass of tin and more preferably 35 to 65% by mass in the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the metal target for forming the underlayer 14 can contain one or more additive elements selected from aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium along with tin and zinc.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 10% by mass or less in the entire metal target.
- the content of the additive element is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less.
- the sputtering method for forming the underlayer 14 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an RF (high frequency) magnetron sputtering method, a DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method, and an AC magnetron sputtering method.
- the DC magnetron sputtering method is suitable for uniformly forming a laminated body at a low cost with high productivity on a substrate for a use requiring a large area such as glass used in architecture, automobiles, vehicles and the like.
- a gas containing carbon atoms is used for part or all of it.
- the gas containing a carbon atom include CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 , CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, C 3 H 7 OH, and the like. It is done.
- a sputtering gas for example, a gas composed only of CO 2, a mixed gas consisting of CO 2 and Ar, a mixed gas of CO 2 and Ar and O 2 can be mentioned as preferred.
- CO 2 is particularly suitable for industrial use because it is not explosive, flammable or toxic, is easy to handle and is inexpensive.
- oxidizing other than CO 2 is weak, or when using a gas not oxidizing, O 2
- gas oxidizing power is of N 2 O, etc., that is a combination of reactive gases as appropriate.
- the underlayer 14 preferably contains 20 to 80% by mass of tin in the total amount of tin and zinc. According to such a foundation layer 14, the scratch resistance of the multilayer body 1 can be improved together with the formation of the dielectric layer 121.
- the tin zinc oxide layer 13 preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass of tin and more preferably 35 to 65% by mass in the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the underlayer 14 can contain one or more additive elements selected from aluminum, chromium, titanium, silicon, boron, magnesium, and gallium along with tin and zinc.
- the total amount of the additive element is preferably 10% by mass or less in the total amount of tin, zinc, and the additive element.
- the content of the additive element is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less.
- the carbon content in the underlayer 14 is preferably 0.1 to 10 atomic% with respect to the total amount of tin and zinc. By setting the content to 0.1 atomic% or more, it is possible to obtain the effect of containing carbon, and it is possible to obtain a laminated body 1 that has excellent moisture resistance while reducing internal stress and improved scratch resistance. Moreover, if it is 10 atomic% or less, the strength of the film does not decrease due to carbon.
- the carbon content in the underlayer 14 is more preferably 1 to 5 atomic%, and further preferably 1.5 to 3 atomic%, based on the total amount of tin and zinc.
- the thickness of the underlayer 14 is preferably 3 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more. By setting the thickness of the underlayer 14 to 3 nm or more, the laminate 1 with improved moisture resistance and scratch resistance can be manufactured.
- the thickness of the underlayer 14 is not necessarily limited as long as it is 3 nm or more. However, when the thickness is excessively large, only a visible light transmittance low enough to be used as a window for buildings, automobiles, and railway vehicles is obtained. Absent. Therefore, the thickness of the underlayer 14 is more preferably 80 nm or less, and further preferably 50 nm or less. Further, the total thickness of the underlayer 14 and all the tin zinc oxide layers 13 is preferably 380 nm or less, and more preferably 300 nm or less.
- the laminate 1 can be suitably used, for example, for the production of double glazing and laminated glass.
- the multilayer glass is configured, for example, by placing a transparent counter substrate such as a glass substrate facing the laminate 1.
- Spacers are arranged on the peripheral edge so that a gap is formed between the laminate 1 and the transparent counter substrate.
- an inert gas such as argon gas or dry air is enclosed in the gap.
- the spacer has, for example, a cylindrical cross section, has a hole connected to the gap, and is filled with a desiccant for suppressing condensation in the gap.
- a primary sealant seals between the laminate 1 and the spacer and between the transparent counter substrate and the spacer.
- the laminated glass is produced, for example, by laminating the laminate 1 and a transparent counter substrate such as a glass substrate with an interlayer film for laminated glass interposed therebetween, and thermocompression-bonding.
- Examples 1 to 8 Films are formed on a sufficiently cleaned soda lime silica glass (10 cm ⁇ 10 cm ⁇ 3 mm thickness) substrate by the DC sputtering method under the film forming conditions shown in Table 2 so as to have the layer structure shown in Table 1. To produce a laminate.
- Examples 1 to 3 are examples of the present invention, and examples 4 to 8 are comparative examples of the present invention.
- G is soda lime silica glass (10 cm ⁇ 10 cm ⁇ 3 mm thickness)
- C: ZnSn x O y is a carbon-containing ZnSn x O y layer
- C: “ZnAl x O y ” indicates a carbon-containing ZnAl x O y layer.
- the C: ZnSn x O y layer corresponds to the underlayer or the tin zinc oxide layer
- the ZnAl x O y layer corresponds to the dielectric layer.
- “//” indicates a delimiter of each layer of the underlayer, the unit layer, and the tin zinc oxide layer.
- gas means a gas in a sputtering atmosphere
- pressure indicates a pressure during sputtering.
- 2 wt% Al—Zn is a target containing 2 mass% of aluminum in zinc
- 1 wt% Pd—Ag is a target containing 1 mass% of palladium in silver
- 50 wt% Sn—Zn is Each of the targets containing 50% by mass of tin in zinc is shown.
- the CO 2 flow rate during the formation of the C: ZnSn x O y layer was 100 sccm in any case.
- the CO 2 flow rate during the formation of the C: ZnAl x O y layer was 100 sccm in all cases.
- the mixed gas of Ar and O 2 was Ar: 30 sccm and O 2 : 70 sccm.
- the carbon content in the C: ZnSn x O y layer (the carbon content relative to the total amount of zinc and tin) was 2.1 to 2.4 atomic%.
- the carbon content was measured using a Q2000 ⁇ -XPS apparatus manufactured by ULVAC-PHI, Inc., using AlK ⁇ , 100 ⁇ m ⁇ , 25W, and 15 kV as analysis conditions as an X-ray source.
- the calculation method was carried out by narrowing down the background to the C1s, O1s, Sn3d5, and Zn2p3 peaks, subtracting the background, and calculating the total as 100%.
- Table 3 shows internal stresses of the C: ZnSn x O y layer, the ZnSn x O y layer, the C: ZnAl x O y layer, and the ZnAl x O y layer.
- Each numerical value in parentheses after each layer in Table 3 represents a film thickness.
- the internal stress was measured on a 4-inch silicon wafer by DC sputtering under the film formation conditions shown in Table 2.
- Each of the x O y layers was formed independently, and this was performed using “FLX-2320 Thin Film Stress System (trade name)” manufactured by TEMOR.
- the CO 2 flow rate during the formation of the C: ZnSn x O y layer was 100 sccm, and the CO 2 flow rate during the formation of the C: ZnAlxOy layer was 100 sccm.
- the mixed gas of Ar and O 2 was Ar: 30 sccm and O 2 : 70 sccm.
- ⁇ indicates that the internal stress was 230 MPa or less (compressive stress)
- ⁇ indicates that the internal stress was 231 to 500 MPa (compressive stress)
- x indicates 501 MPa or more (compressed). Stress).
- the moisture resistance of the laminate was evaluated. Evaluation was performed by measuring the number of white spot-like spots having a diameter of 0.5 mm or more at 100 mm square after the laminate was held in a thermostatic bath at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH for 2 weeks. The results are shown in Table 4. The evaluation was carried out only for the laminates of Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5. “ ⁇ ” indicates that the number of white spots (number / 100 mm square) was less than 10, and “ ⁇ ” Indicates that the number of white spots (number / 100 mm square) was 10 or more.
- Crystallinity of metal layer The crystallinity of the metal layer (Ag—Pd layer) in the laminate was evaluated. The evaluation was performed based on the peak intensity and the half-value width in the diffraction peak profile of ⁇ / 2 ⁇ measurement using an XRD apparatus. The results are shown in Table 5. In addition, evaluation was performed about the laminated body of Examples 1, 4, and 6. FIG. In Table 5, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the numerical value obtained by dividing the Ag (111) peak count [cps] by 2 ⁇ half-value width [°] was 6000 or more, and “ ⁇ ” was 3000 or more and less than 6000. "X" indicates that it was less than 3000.
- the laminate of Example 8 is not necessarily provided with a predetermined repeating structure as in the laminate of Example 7.
- the dielectric layer as a laminate of Example 4 was ZnAl x O y layer containing carbon
- the dielectric layer as a laminate of Example 5 was ZnAl x O y layer, scratch resistance slightly Although improved, it is not always sufficient.
- the dielectric layer 121 is a dielectric layer that does not contain carbon such as a ZnAl x O y layer, or contains carbon such as a ZnSn x O y layer
- the carbon-containing ZnSn x O y layer in combination with the dielectric layer not to be used in a predetermined configuration as in Examples 1 and 3, excellent scratch resistance can be obtained.
- tin and zinc are added in an atmosphere containing a gas containing carbon atoms.
- Sputtering is performed using a metal target that is the main component to form a tin-zinc oxide layer that is mainly composed of an oxide of tin and zinc, thereby producing a laminate with improved moisture resistance and scratch resistance. it can.
- the main component is an oxide of tin and zinc, and tin and zinc And having a tin-zinc oxide layer containing 0.1 atomic% or more of carbon with respect to the total amount, moisture resistance and scratch resistance can be improved.
- SYMBOLS 1 Laminated body, 11 ... Transparent base
Abstract
Description
本発明の積層体の製造方法は、誘電体層、金属層、および誘電体層をこの順に透明基体上に形成する第1の工程と、第1の工程後、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とするスズ亜鉛酸化物層を形成する第2の工程とを有する。第2の工程におけるスズ亜鉛酸化物層の形成は、炭素原子を含むガスが実質的に酸化ガスとして機能するガス雰囲気中、スズと亜鉛とを主成分とする金属ターゲットを用いたスパッタリングにより行う。第1の工程における誘電体層の形成は、炭素原子を含まないガスが実質的に酸化ガスとして機能するガス雰囲気中で行う。
前記した第1の工程において各層を形成するスパッタリング法としては、特に限定されず、RF(高周波)マグネトロンスパッタリング法、DC(直流)マグネトロンスパッタリング法、ACマグネトロンスパッタリング法などが挙げられる。DCマグネトロンスパッタリング法は、建築物、自動車、車両等に用いられるガラスのような大面積の基体に低コストで生産性良く、かつ均一に形成するのに好適である。
ただし、本発明はこれら実施例により限定されない。
充分に洗浄したソーダライムシリカガラス(10cm×10cm×3mm厚)の基板上に、表1に示すような層構成となるように、直流スパッタ法により表2に示す各層の成膜条件で成膜を行って積層体を製造した。なお、例1~3が本発明の実施例であり、例4~8が本発明の比較例である。
また、C:ZnSnxOy層の成膜時のCO2流量は、100sccm、C:ZnAlxOy層の成膜時のCO2流量は、100sccmとした。また、ArとO2との混合ガスは、Ar:30sccm、O2:70sccmとした。表3中、「○」は内部応力が230MPa以下(圧縮応力)であったものを示し、「△」は231~500MPa(圧縮応力)であったものを示し、「×」は501MPa以上(圧縮応力)であったものを示す。
積層体の耐湿性を評価した。評価は、積層体を、温度50℃、湿度90%RHの恒温槽に2週間保持後、100mm角における直径0.5mm以上の白点状斑点の個数の測定により行った。結果を表4に示す。なお、評価は、例1、2、4、5の積層体についてのみ行い、「○」は白点状斑点の個数(個数/100mm角)が10個未満であったものを示し、「×」は白点状斑点の個数(個数/100mm角)が10個以上であったものを示す。
積層体における金属層(Ag-Pd層)の結晶性を評価した。評価は、XRD装置によるθ/2θ測定の回折ピークプロファイルにおける、ピーク強度と半値幅とにより行った。結果を表5に示す。なお、評価は、例1、4、6の積層体について行った。表5中、「○」はAg(111)ピークカウント[cps]を2θ半値幅[°]で除した数値が、6000以上であったものを示し、「△」は3000以上6000未満であったものを示し、「×」は3000未満であったものを示す。
積層体における耐擦傷性を評価した。評価は、ERICHSEN社製の「モデル494 耐洗浄性 洗浄試験機」を用い、槽に水を張り、荷重を加えたパットを用い、100mm角の試験片上を500回往復または1000回往復させ、該試験片の表面を目視により観察した。結果を表6に示す。表6中、「○」はキズ、膜剥離が無かったものを示し、「△」は微細なキズ、もしくはエッジ部のみで膜剥離が発生したものを示し、「×」は重度のキズ、もしくは中央部分にも膜剥離があったものを示す。
また、本発明の積層体によれば、特に、誘電体層、金属層、および誘電体層がこの順に形成された単位層上に、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とし、スズと亜鉛との総量に対して炭素を0.1原子%以上含有するスズ亜鉛酸化物層を有することで、耐湿性および耐擦傷性を向上できる。
なお、2012年2月28日に出願された日本特許出願2012-041393号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
Claims (15)
- 誘電体層、金属層、および誘電体層をこの順に透明基体上に形成する第1の工程と、前記第1の工程後、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とするスズ亜鉛酸化物層を形成する第2の工程とを有する積層体の製造方法であって、
前記第2の工程におけるスズ亜鉛酸化物層の形成は、炭素原子を含むガスが実質的に酸化ガスとして機能するガス雰囲気中でスズと亜鉛とを主成分とする金属ターゲットを用いたスパッタリングにより行い、前記第1の工程における誘電体層の形成は、炭素原子を含まないガスが実質的に酸化ガスとして機能するガス雰囲気中で行うことを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程後に前記第2の工程を行う組み合わせを1以上行う請求項1に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第2の工程に使用する金属ターゲットは、スズと亜鉛との合計量中、スズを20~80質量%含有する請求項1または2に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記スズ亜鉛酸化物層の厚さは3nm以上である請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程前に、炭素原子を含むガスを含有する雰囲気中、スズと亜鉛とを主成分とする金属ターゲットを用いたスパッタリングにより、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とする下地層を形成する予備工程を有する請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記予備工程に使用する金属ターゲットは、スズと亜鉛との合計量中、スズを20~80重量%含有する請求項5に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記下地層の厚さは3nm以上である請求項5または6に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程における誘電体層の形成は、炭素原子を含まないガスが実質的に酸化ガスとして機能するガス雰囲気中で亜鉛を主成分とする金属ターゲットを用いたスパッタリングにより行う請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程における誘電体層の形成に用いられる金属ターゲットは、アルミニウムと亜鉛とを主成分とし、アルミニウムと亜鉛との合計量中、アルミニウムを0.1~10重量%含有する請求項8に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記誘電体層の厚さは1nm以上である請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 透明基体と、
前記透明基体上に形成され、誘電体層、金属層、および誘電体層を前記透明基体側からこの順に有する単位層と、
前記単位層上に形成され、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とし、スズと亜鉛との総量に対して炭素を0.1原子%以上含有するスズ亜鉛酸化物層と、
を有する積層体。 - 前記単位層と前記スズ亜鉛酸化物層との組み合わせを1以上有する請求項11に記載の積層体。
- 前記スズ亜鉛酸化物層が、スズと亜鉛との総量に対して炭素を0.1原子%以上、10原子%以下含有する請求項11または12に記載の積層体。
- 前記スズ亜鉛酸化物層は、スズと亜鉛との合計量中、スズを20~80質量%含有する請求項11乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記透明基体と、前記単位層のうち前記透明基体上に最初に形成される単位層との間に、スズと亜鉛との酸化物を主成分とし、炭素を0.1原子%以上含有する下地層を有する請求項11乃至14のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
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JP2021508616A (ja) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-03-11 | ビトロ フラット グラス エルエルシー | 日射調整コーティング及び日射調整コーティングを形成する方法 |
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US10822270B2 (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-11-03 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Coated article including ultra-fast laser treated silver-inclusive layer in low-emissivity thin film coating, and/or method of making the same |
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