WO2013128811A1 - 電池パックおよび電池パックの電力量算出方法 - Google Patents
電池パックおよび電池パックの電力量算出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013128811A1 WO2013128811A1 PCT/JP2013/000711 JP2013000711W WO2013128811A1 WO 2013128811 A1 WO2013128811 A1 WO 2013128811A1 JP 2013000711 W JP2013000711 W JP 2013000711W WO 2013128811 A1 WO2013128811 A1 WO 2013128811A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery pack and a battery pack electric energy calculation method.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-51351 describes the following vehicle power supply device. First, based on the open voltage value of the on-vehicle battery and the minimum voltage value of the on-vehicle battery at the time of starting the engine, the square value of the minimum voltage value was integrated from the open voltage value corresponding to the remaining capacity 0 to the fully charged open voltage value. The integrated value S is calculated and a table is created. Further, a coefficient K between the integrated value S and the amount of electric power E of the full charge of the on-vehicle battery is calculated based on the actually measured value and stored.
- the integrated value S is obtained by referring to the table from the actually measured value of the minimum voltage value described above.
- the remaining capacity of the in-vehicle battery is calculated as an electric energy (unit Wh) by multiplying the integrated value S by a coefficient K.
- a battery pack that calculates the power change amount ⁇ E (t) according to the following equation (1), where ⁇ T (t) is the total internal resistance that is the sum of the internal resistances of the battery units.
- V (t) is the total voltage of all the battery units, and I (t) is the current of the battery units.
- ⁇ E (t) is the amount of change in power of all the battery units from the reference time 0 to the current time t, and the total internal resistance is the sum of the internal resistances of the battery units.
- the stored power amount balance or the power change amount is calculated in consideration of the loss component due to the internal resistance of the battery unit. Therefore, the electric energy remaining in the battery pack can be accurately calculated based on the internal resistance data depending on the temperature.
- battery pack 10 refers to an assembled battery having a plurality of battery units.
- the “battery unit” refers to one having at least one battery cell 100.
- the battery cell 100 included in the “battery unit” may include a plurality of single cells having a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Further, the plurality of “battery units” may have different numbers of battery cells 100.
- the “battery unit” included in the “battery pack 10” is a battery cell 100 having two unit cells connected in parallel will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the battery pack 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the arithmetic communication unit 400 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the internal resistance with respect to the temperature of the first battery cell according to the first embodiment.
- the battery pack 10 is provided in a plurality of battery cells 100 connected in series, a voltage / current measuring unit (voltage / current measuring unit 200), a temperature measuring unit (temperature measuring unit 300), and an arithmetic communication unit 400. Calculating means (calculating unit 420).
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the “first power balance” of the battery cell 100 based on the voltage and current, determines the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 based on the temperature, and determines the internal resistance “based on the current and the internal resistance”.
- the “second electric energy balance” is calculated. Thereby, the calculation unit 420 calculates the “stored power amount balance” (power amount E (t)) stored in the battery cell 100 based on the first power amount balance of the battery cell 100 and the second power amount balance of the internal resistance. calculate.
- the battery pack 10 further includes storage means (storage unit 480).
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 measures the voltage and current of the battery cell 100.
- the temperature measuring unit 300 measures the temperature of the battery cell 100.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates a power change amount that is a change amount of the power amount remaining in the battery cell 100 based on the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100.
- the storage unit 480 stores internal resistance data that is data for calculating the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 from the temperature of the battery cell 100.
- the calculation unit 420 refers to the internal resistance data to determine the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 at the current temperature.
- the calculation unit 420 sets ⁇ E (t) as the power change amount of all the battery cells 100 from the reference time 0 to the current time t, and R temp (t) as the total internal resistance that is the sum of the internal resistances of the battery units. Then, the power change amount ⁇ E (t) is calculated by the following formula (1).
- V (t) is the voltage of all the battery cells 100
- I (t) is the current of the battery cells 100.
- the “power amount” or “stored power amount balance” is an index indicating the remaining capacity of the battery cell 100 or the like, and is calculated by multiplying the voltage, current, and time. Note that the unit is Wh. Unlike the remaining capacity represented by current and time, “power amount” or “stored power amount balance” considers voltage.
- the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 100.
- the battery pack 10 includes, for example, N battery cells 100 (Cell1 to CellN). Further, as described above, the battery cell 100 has two single cells.
- the battery cell 100 is a Li ion secondary battery, for example.
- the battery cell 100 is a laminate type battery using a laminate film as an exterior material, for example.
- the plurality of battery cells 100 are each housed in an exterior body (not shown) and packaged in the battery pack 10 in a state of being stacked in a row.
- the battery cell 100 may be arbitrarily packaged, for example, in a state where a plurality of battery cells 100 are stacked in one row in the thickness direction, or in a state where the stacked battery cells 100 are arranged side by side in a plurality of rows. There may be. Even with such a package, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the plurality of battery cells 100 are connected in series. On the positive electrode side of the battery cell 100, the positive electrode terminal 120 of the battery cell 100 is provided. On the other hand, the negative electrode terminal 140 of the battery cell 100 is provided on the negative electrode side of the battery cell 100. The negative electrode terminal 140 of the battery cell 100 of Cell1 and the positive electrode terminal 120 of the battery cell 100 of Cell2 are connected. Thus, the battery cells 100 are sequentially connected in series, and the negative electrode terminal 140 of the CellN-1 battery cell 100 and the positive electrode terminal 120 of the CellN battery cell 100 are connected.
- the positive electrode terminal 120 of the battery cell 100 of Cell 1 provided on the highest potential side is connected to the internal positive electrode terminal 160.
- the negative electrode terminal 140 of the CellN battery cell 100 provided on the lowest potential side is connected to the internal negative electrode terminal 180.
- the battery pack 10 includes a control circuit 20 in addition to the battery cell 100.
- the control circuit 20 includes a voltage / current measurement unit 200, a temperature measurement unit 300, an arithmetic communication unit 400, and a switch 500.
- the control circuit 20 is connected to the battery cells 100 connected in series.
- the control circuit 20 includes an external positive terminal 720 and an external negative terminal 740 for connection to an external device (not shown).
- the external positive terminal 720 is connected to the internal positive terminal 160 on the battery cell 100 side via wiring (not shown) in the control circuit 20.
- the external negative terminal 740 is connected to the internal negative terminal 180 on the battery cell 100 side via a wiring (not shown) in the control circuit 20.
- the arithmetic communication unit 400 of the control circuit 20 is connected to an external communication terminal 760 for transmitting / receiving signals to / from an external device.
- a switch 500 for stopping charging or discharging is provided.
- the switch 500 is a P-channel MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), for example.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- two P-channel MOSFETs are provided. Thereby, one MOSFET is used to control charging. On the other hand, the other MOSFET is used to control the discharge.
- Each MOSFET in the switch 500 is connected to the voltage / current measuring unit 200.
- the switch 500 is an N-channel MOSFET, the switch 500 is disposed between the internal negative terminal 180 and the external negative terminal 740.
- the switch 500 may be, for example, an insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), a relay, or a breaker.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 measures the voltage and current of each of the plurality of battery cells 100.
- the voltage / current measuring unit 200 is connected to both ends of each battery cell 100 in order to measure a voltage.
- a resistor 220 having a known resistance value is provided between the internal negative terminal 180 and the external negative terminal 740.
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 is connected to both ends of the resistor 220.
- the calculation for converting the voltage value applied to the resistor 220 into a current value may be performed by the calculation unit 420 in the arithmetic communication unit 400.
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 is connected to the measurement result reception unit 460 of the arithmetic communication unit 400. As a result, the voltage and current measurement results measured by the voltage / current measurement unit 200 are transmitted to the measurement result reception unit 460.
- Temperature measuring unit 300 measures the temperature of battery cell 100.
- the temperature measurement unit 300 includes a temperature sensor 320.
- the temperature sensor 320 is, for example, a thermocouple.
- the temperature measurement unit 300 receives a signal such as a thermoelectromotive force generated by the temperature sensor 320 and calculates a temperature.
- the calculation unit 420 of the arithmetic communication unit 400 may calculate the temperature from the signal of the temperature sensor 320. In this case, the calculation unit 420 may also serve as the temperature measurement unit 300.
- the temperature sensor 320 of the temperature measuring unit 300 is provided in contact with the battery cell 100.
- the temperature sensor 320 is attached to an exterior body (not shown) that houses the battery cell 100.
- the temperature sensor 320 is provided so as to be in contact with one battery cell 100 among the plurality of battery cells 100, for example.
- the battery cell 100 to which the temperature sensor 320 is attached is referred to as a “first battery cell” (not shown in the figure).
- the first battery cell is provided, for example, at a portion considered to be an average temperature in the battery pack 10. Thereby, the temperature of the said 1st battery cell can be estimated with the temperature of the battery pack 10 whole, without measuring the temperature of all the battery cells 100.
- the temperature measurement unit 300 is connected to the measurement result reception unit 460 of the arithmetic communication unit 400. Thereby, the measurement result of the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 300 is transmitted to the measurement result reception unit 460.
- the arithmetic communication unit 400 includes, for example, a calculation unit 420, a communication unit (communication unit 440), a measurement result reception unit 460, and a storage unit 480.
- the measurement result reception unit 460 receives the measurement results of the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100 from the voltage / current measurement unit 200 and the temperature measurement unit 300 as described above. In addition, the measurement result reception unit 460 transmits the received measurement result to the calculation unit 420.
- the measurement result reception unit 460 may transmit the measurement results of the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100 to the storage unit 480.
- the storage unit 480 receives these results and saves them as needed.
- the storage unit 480 stores internal resistance data that is data for calculating the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 from the temperature of the battery cell 100.
- FIG. 3 shows the internal resistance with respect to the temperature measured in advance for the first battery cell to which the temperature sensor 320 is attached. Incidentally, the internal resistance of the first battery cell and r s.
- the internal resistance r s of the first battery cell tends to vary depending on the temperature.
- the internal resistance of the other battery cell 100 has the same tendency. If cell 100 is a Li-ion rechargeable battery, the internal resistance r s of the first battery cell is in the temperature range in the figure, and has a monotonically decreasing.
- Storage unit 480 has stored the temperature dependency of the internal resistance r s of the first battery cell which is previously measured as shown in FIG.
- the storage unit 480 stores a table of the quantified temperature and internal resistance as internal resistance data.
- the storage unit 480 may store a function of internal resistance with respect to temperature as internal resistance data. This function may be an approximate function fitted to the graph of FIG. Thereby, the calculation part 420 mentioned later can calculate the internal resistance of a 1st battery cell based on the measured temperature of the 1st battery cell currently.
- the storage unit 480 stores the initial power amount (E 0, which will be described later), which is the power amount of the battery pack 10 at the reference time, when the battery pack 10 is first fully charged. ing.
- the reference time is set to 0 when the battery pack 10 is fully charged, for example.
- the current electric energy (E (t)) of the battery pack 10 can be calculated by the electric power calculation method described later.
- the calculation unit 420 is connected to the measurement result reception unit 460.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the amount of change ( ⁇ E (t)) in the amount of power of the battery pack 10 from the measurement results of the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100 received from the measurement result reception unit 460.
- calculation unit 420 is connected to the storage unit 480.
- Calculation unit 420 refers to the internal resistance data stored in storage unit 480 to determine the internal resistance of the first battery cell at the current temperature received from measurement result reception unit 460.
- the power amount calculation method in the calculation unit 420 will be described later in detail.
- the calculation unit 420 is provided with a timer (not shown). Thereby, the current time t from the reference time 0 can be obtained.
- the calculation unit 420 is connected to the communication unit 440.
- the calculation unit 420 transmits the calculated power change amount or power amount of the battery pack 10 to the communication unit 440.
- the communication unit 440 transmits a power change amount or a signal based on the power amount to the external device via the external communication terminal 760.
- the voltage and current of a plurality of battery cells 100 connected in series are measured, and the temperature of the battery cell 100 is measured (S110, measurement step).
- the current internal resistance of the battery cell 100 is determined based on the temperature of the battery cell 100 (S120).
- a power change amount ⁇ E (t) that is a change amount of the power amount remaining in the battery cell 100 is calculated (S130, calculation step). Details will be described below.
- the storage unit 480 stores the internal resistance data of the first battery cell described above in advance. In addition, the storage unit 480 stores the initial power amount E 0 that is the power amount of the battery pack 10 at the reference time when the battery pack 10 is first fully charged as the reference time 0.
- the voltage / current measuring unit 200 measures the voltage and current of a plurality of battery cells 100 connected in series.
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 measures the total voltage of all the battery cells 100 by measuring the voltages at both ends of the plurality of battery cells 100 connected in series.
- the total voltage is V (t).
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 may measure the voltage between the positive electrode terminal 160 and the negative electrode terminal 180 of the battery pack 10 and change the measured voltage to the total voltage V (t).
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 measures the current flowing through each battery cell 100 from the voltage across the resistor 220.
- the current is I (t).
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 transmits the total voltage V (t) and current I (t) of the battery cell 100 to the measurement result reception unit 460.
- the temperature measurement unit 300 measures the temperature of the first battery cell based on a signal from the temperature sensor 320 attached to the first battery cell.
- the temperature measurement unit 300 transmits the temperature measurement result to the measurement result reception unit 460. As described above, the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100 are measured (S110).
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the battery as shown in the following formula (1) based on the total internal resistance R temp (t) determined based on the voltage and current of the battery cell 100 and the temperature of the first battery cell.
- a power change amount ⁇ E (t) that is a change amount of power remaining in the cell 100 is calculated (S130, calculation step).
- V (t) is the voltage of all the battery cells 100
- I (t) is the current of the battery cells 100.
- the first term on the right side of the formula (1) indicates the amount of charging power supplied to all the battery cells 100 when the battery pack 10 is charged. Moreover, the said 1st term of Formula (1) has shown the discharge electric energy currently discharged from all the battery cells 100, when the battery pack 10 is discharging. Further, the power amount of the first term is referred to as “first power amount balance” of the battery cell 100.
- the second term on the right side of the formula (1) indicates the amount of power consumed by the internal resistance of all the battery cells 100.
- the second term is the amount of electric power consumed in both cases where the battery pack 10 is charged and discharged.
- the electric energy of the second term is referred to as “second electric energy balance” of the internal resistance.
- the amount of power in the second term is consumed as thermal energy mainly by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100.
- the calculation unit 420 may store the power change amount ⁇ E (t) in the storage unit 480.
- the calculation unit 420 reads the initial power amount E 0 from the storage unit 480 of the battery pack 10, and calculates the current power amount E (t) of all the battery cells 100 by the following equation (4) (S140). .
- This electric energy E (t) is referred to as “accumulated electric energy balance” accumulated in the battery pack 10.
- the initial electric energy E 0 of the first embodiment is obtained when the battery pack 10 is charged with a constant voltage and a constant current without interposing the discharge between the end of discharge and the full charge when the battery pack 10 is manufactured.
- the amount of power stored in the battery pack 10 is measured in advance. That is, by calculating the power change amount ⁇ E (t) of the above-described formula (1) until the charge starts at time 0 until the battery is fully charged, the power change amount when the battery is fully charged is the initial power. It is assumed that the amount is E 0 .
- the “when fully charged” is when the charging current becomes equal to or less than a predetermined reference value.
- “Discharge end” when the discharge ends is when the total voltage V (t) reaches a predetermined discharge end voltage.
- the electric energy E (t) (stored electric energy balance) remaining in the battery cell 100 and the electric power change ⁇ E (t) that is the electric power change amount are calculated.
- the calculation unit 420 receives a temperature measurement result from the measurement result reception unit 460 (S121).
- the calculation unit 420 reads the internal resistance data from the storage unit 480 (S122).
- the internal resistance data here is the internal resistance data of the first battery cell as shown in FIG.
- the calculation unit 420 determines the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 from the temperature of the measurement result based on the internal resistance data read from the storage unit 480.
- the internal resistance r s (t) of the first battery cell is determined (S123). If the internal resistance data is a table, the internal resistance corresponding to the temperature of the measurement result is determined by reading from the table. On the other hand, when the internal resistance data is a function, the internal resistance is determined by substituting the temperature of the measurement result into the function.
- the calculation unit 420 determines the total internal resistance R temp (t), which is the sum of the internal resistances of the battery cells 100, based on the above-described internal resistance (S124).
- the internal resistance of each battery cell 100 connected in series is r k (t) (where k is a natural number from 1 to N). Since the battery cells 100 are connected in series, the total internal resistance R temp (t), which is the sum of the internal resistances r k (t) of the battery cells 100, is obtained by the following formula (2).
- the internal resistance r s (t) of the first battery cell is all It can be regarded as an average value of the internal resistance r k (t) of the battery cell 100.
- the total internal resistance R temp (t) can be obtained by the following equation (3).
- the internal resistance r s (t) of the first battery cell determined in S123 is substituted into the above equation (3).
- the total internal resistance R temp (t) is determined assuming that the internal resistance r s (t) of the first battery cell is the average value of the internal resistances of all the battery cells 100 (S124).
- the total internal resistance R temp (t), which is the sum of the internal resistances of the battery cells 100, is determined (S120).
- the voltage / current measurement unit 200 and the temperature measurement unit 300 measure the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell 100.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the “first power balance” of the battery cell 100 based on the voltage and current, determines the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 based on the temperature, and determines the internal resistance “based on the current and the internal resistance”.
- the “second electric energy balance” is calculated. Thereby, the calculation unit 420 calculates the “stored power amount balance” (power amount E (t)) stored in the battery cell 100 based on the first power amount balance of the battery cell 100 and the second power amount balance of the internal resistance. calculate.
- the storage unit 480 stores internal resistance data for calculating the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 depending on the temperature.
- the calculation unit 420 refers to the internal resistance data and determines the current internal resistance of the battery cell 100 from the measured current temperature. Thereby, the calculation unit 420 calculates the power change amount ⁇ E (t) of all the battery cells 100 from the reference time 0 to the current time t.
- the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 depends on the temperature. For example, the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 tends to increase as the temperature decreases. For this reason, when calculating the remaining electric energy E (t) or the electric power change amount ⁇ E (t) when the battery pack 10 is charged or discharged, the loss due to the internal resistance in the second term of the equation (1) Ingredients cannot be ignored. Therefore, the power change amount ⁇ E (t) actually remaining in the battery pack 10 is different from the power change amount in the first term of the formula (1) obtained by simply multiplying the voltage and current of the battery pack 10. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, by considering the loss component of the electric energy due to the internal resistance of the battery cell 100, the electric energy E (t) remaining in the battery pack can be accurately calculated.
- the electric energy E (t) remaining in the battery pack 10 can be accurately calculated based on the internal resistance data depending on the temperature.
- the time when the battery pack 10 is first fully charged is set as the reference time 0.
- the reference time 0 may be set to 0 when the total voltage V (t) reaches the end of discharge for the first time.
- the initial power amount of the battery pack 10 is set to zero.
- the reference time 0 may be reset to 0 every time the battery pack 10 reaches the end of discharge. In this case, however, it is desirable to reset both the initial electric energy of the battery pack 10 to zero. Further, the reference time 0 may be reset when the battery pack 10 reaches the end of discharge and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 300 is within a predetermined range.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an electric energy calculation method according to the second embodiment.
- the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that in the power calculation method, only S120 that determines the total internal resistance R temp (t) is different. According to the second embodiment, the total internal resistance R temp (t) is corrected in consideration of the deterioration of the battery cell 100. Details will be described below.
- Storage unit 480 stores internal resistance data of the first battery cell in advance.
- the storage unit 480 stores the initial power amount E 0 that is the power amount of the battery pack 10 at the reference time when the battery pack 10 is first fully charged as the reference time 0.
- S120 for determining the total internal resistance R temp (t) is performed by the following method.
- S125 it is determined whether or not the battery pack 10 is currently fully charged.
- S130 in FIG. 4 is performed as in the first embodiment.
- the calculation unit 420 compares the current power amount E (t f ) with the initial power amount E 0 as follows. In this case, the current time is assumed to be t f.
- the calculation unit 420 compares the current power amount E (t f ) with the initial power amount E 0 as a reference, and calculates the deterioration ratio l by the following equation (5) (S126).
- ⁇ E (t f ) is 0 when there is almost no deterioration of the battery pack 10. For this reason, the deterioration ratio l is 1. On the other hand, when the deterioration of the battery pack 10 becomes remarkable, ⁇ E (t f ) becomes a value smaller than 0. For this reason, the deterioration ratio l is a value smaller than 1.
- the calculation unit 420 stores the deterioration ratio l obtained by the above equation (5) in the storage unit 480.
- the calculation unit 420 corrects the total internal resistance R temp (t) using the deterioration ratio l.
- the calculation unit 420 corrects the total internal resistance R temp (t) by multiplying the immediately previous total internal resistance R temp (t) by the inverse of the deterioration ratio l (S127).
- the power change amount ⁇ E (t) is calculated using a value obtained by multiplying the total internal resistance R temp (t) after time t f by 1 / l.
- the deterioration ratio l is 1, so the total internal resistance R temp (t) is not changed by the above correction.
- the deterioration ratio l is smaller than 1, so that the total internal resistance R temp (t) becomes a large value by correction considering the deterioration.
- the calculation unit 420 stores the corrected R temp (t) in the storage unit 480 as needed.
- the total internal resistance R temp (t) is determined.
- the following steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 tends to increase. Specifically, it is conceivable that the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 increases due to deterioration of the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, the electrolyte, or the like of the battery cell 100.
- the electric energy E (t f ) at the time of full charging is compared with the initial electric energy E 0 .
- the deterioration ratio l is calculated. Furthermore, based on this deterioration ratio l, the total internal resistance R temp (t) after the full charge is corrected.
- the second embodiment by correcting the internal resistance changed due to the deterioration of the battery cell 100, it is possible to calculate the accurate electric energy E (t) of the battery pack 10 at any time. it can.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing configurations of the battery pack 10 and the control circuit 20 according to the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the control circuit 20 is provided outside the battery pack 10. Details will be described below.
- control circuit 20 is provided outside the battery pack 10.
- the control circuit 20 is provided in, for example, a charge / discharge device (not shown) that is independent from the battery pack 10.
- the control circuit 20 may be provided in a device used when the battery pack 10 is discharged and used.
- a plurality of battery cells 100 are connected in series to the battery pack 10.
- the battery pack 10 is provided with a positive electrode terminal 160 and a negative electrode terminal 180 for charging and discharging the battery pack 10.
- battery cell terminals 130 are provided between the respective battery cells 100.
- a part of the outer package (not shown) of the battery pack 10 is provided with an insertion port for attaching the temperature sensor 320.
- the temperature sensor 320 may be attached as a part of the battery pack 10.
- a terminal (not shown) for the temperature sensor 320 may be provided so as to be exposed from the exterior body of the battery pack 10.
- the control circuit 20 includes a voltage / current measurement unit 200, a temperature measurement unit 300, an arithmetic communication unit 400, and a switch 500.
- a positive terminal 620 and a negative terminal 640 of the control circuit 20 are provided on the battery pack 10 side of the control circuit 20.
- the positive terminal 620 and the negative terminal 640 of the control circuit 20 are connected to the positive terminal 160 and the negative terminal 180 of the battery pack 10 through, for example, wiring (not shown).
- charging power can be supplied to the battery pack 10 from the control circuit 20 side, and discharging power can be transmitted from the battery pack 10 side to the control circuit 20 side.
- the measurement terminal 660 of the voltage / current measurement unit 200 is provided on the battery pack 10 side of the control circuit 20.
- the measurement terminal 660 of the voltage / current measurement unit 200 is connected to the battery cell terminal 130 of the battery pack 10 via wiring (not shown). Thereby, even if the control circuit 20 is provided outside the battery pack 10, the voltage and current of each battery cell 100 can be measured by the voltage / current measuring unit 200.
- control circuit 20 is provided outside the battery pack 10. Even in such a case, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an electric energy calculation method according to the fourth embodiment.
- the actual power amount Ee (t) that can be output by the battery cell 100 is calculated based on the stored power amount balance (power amount E (t)) and the electricity amount balance C (t), This is the same as in the first embodiment. Details will be described below.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the amount of power E (t) remaining in the battery pack 10, and the communication unit 440 calculates the calculated power change amount ⁇ E (t) or power amount E of the battery pack 10.
- a signal based on (t) is transmitted to an external device.
- the calculation unit 420 may calculate, for example, a real power amount (a real power amount E e (t)) accumulated in the battery pack 10 that can be consumed by an external device.
- the communication unit 440 may transmit a prediction signal based on the actual power amount E e (t) to the external device.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the electricity balance C (t) of the battery cell 100 based on the current I (t) by the following formula (6) (S150).
- the electricity balance C (t) represents the amount of electricity stored in the battery pack 10 at time t.
- the unit of the electricity balance C (t) is Ah.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the real power E e (t) that can be output from the battery cell 100 based on the stored power balance (power amount E (t)) and the electricity balance C (t) by the following equation (7). Is calculated (S160). As shown in Expression (7), the actual electric energy E e (t) is consumed by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 in the future from the electric energy E (t) (stored electric energy balance) existing in the battery pack. It can be obtained by subtracting the predicted value of electric energy (second term on the right side).
- Equation (7) is a predicted value of the amount of power consumed by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 in the future. However, the current total internal resistance R temp (t) is steady, and the battery pack 10 is discharged at the current I (t) until the amount of electricity stored in the battery pack 10 becomes zero. Assumes to continue.
- ⁇ I 2 (t) R temp (t) is the current power (unit W) consumed by the internal resistance of the battery pack 10.
- ⁇ C (t) / I (t) is an estimated time (unit h) until the amount of electricity stored in the battery pack 10 becomes zero.
- the current power consumed by the internal resistance of the battery pack 10 is multiplied by the predicted time until the amount of electricity stored in the battery pack 10 becomes zero.
- a predicted value (unit Wh) of the amount of power consumed by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 can be obtained.
- the portion I (t) may be set as the average current from the reference time 0 to time t.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the electric energy E (t) (stored electric energy balance) existing in the battery pack calculated in the first term on the right side, using the second term on the right side, using Equation (7).
- the actual power amount E e (t) is calculated by adding the predicted value of the power amount consumed by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 in the future.
- the communication unit 440 may transmit a prediction signal based on the actual power amount E e (t) to the external device. Accordingly, the external device can predict the amount of power that can be substantially consumed based on the prediction signal in consideration of the amount of power consumed by the internal resistance of the battery pack 10.
- the actual amount of power that can be consumed in the future by the external device supplied with power from the battery pack 10 (the actual amount of power) is less than the amount of power stored in the battery pack 10. That is, the actual electric energy is an electric energy obtained by subtracting an electric energy consumed in the future by the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 from the electric energy stored in the battery pack.
- the calculation unit 420 calculates the actual electric energy E e (t) by the equation (7). Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to predict the actual amount of power that can be output by the battery pack 10 in consideration of the amount of power consumed by the internal resistance of the battery pack 10.
- the calculation unit 420 uses the discharge current when the battery pack is discharged last time or the reference time 0 to time t in the second term on the right side of Equation (7) as I (t). Equation (7) is calculated in place of the discharge current such as the average discharge current.
- the power calculation device of the battery pack 10 including the control circuit 20 described above is also disclosed.
- the case where the temperature of only one first battery cell is measured has been described, but the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 100 may be measured and the respective internal resistances may be used.
- the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings. However, these are exemplifications of the present invention, and various configurations other than the above can be adopted.
- the battery cell 100 is a laminate type battery has been described in the above embodiment, the effect of the present invention is similarly obtained when the battery cell 100 is a battery of another form such as a cylindrical type or a square type. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットと、
前記電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定する電圧電流測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
前記電圧および電流に基き前記電池ユニットの第1電力量収支を算出するとともに、前記温度に基き前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、前記電流と前記内部抵抗に基き前記内部抵抗の第2電力量収支を算出することによって、前記電池ユニットの前記第1電力量収支および前記内部抵抗の前記第2電力量収支に基き前記電池ユニットに蓄積される蓄積電力量収支を算出する算出手段と、
を備える電池パックが提供される。
直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットと、
前記電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定する電圧電流測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの前記電圧、前記電流および前記温度に基づいて、前記電池ユニットに残存した電力量の変化量である電力変化量を算出する算出手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度から前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を算出するためのデータである内部抵抗データを保存する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記算出手段は、前記内部抵抗データを参照して、現在の前記温度における前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、基準時刻0から現在の時刻tまでにおける全ての前記電池ユニットの前記電力変化量をΔE(t)、前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗の総和である総内部抵抗をRtemp(t)としたとき、下記式(1)により前記電力変化量ΔE(t)を算出する電池パックが提供される。
直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定するとともに、前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する測定ステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記温度に基づいて、現在の前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定するステップと、
前記電圧および電流に基き前記電池ユニットの第1電力量収支を算出するとともに、前記温度に基き前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、前記電流と前記内部抵抗に基き前記内部抵抗の第2電力量収支を算出することによって、前記電池ユニットの前記第1電力量収支および前記内部抵抗の前記第2電力量収支に基き前記電池ユニットに蓄積される蓄積電力量収支を算出する算出ステップと、
を備える電池パックの電力量算出方法が提供される。
直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定するとともに、前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する測定ステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記温度に基づいて、現在の前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定するステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記電圧、前記電流および前記温度に基づいて、前記電池ユニットに残存した電力量の変化量である電力変化量を算出する算出ステップと、
を備え、
前記算出ステップにおいて、
前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗に基づいて、基準時刻0から現在の時刻tまでにおける全ての前記電池ユニットの前記電力変化量をΔE(t)、前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗の総和である総内部抵抗をRtemp(t)としたとき、上記式(1)により前記電力変化量ΔE(t)を算出する電池パックの電力量算出方法が提供される。
図1~図3を用い、第1の実施形態に係る電池パック10について説明する。図1は、第1の実施形態に係る電池パック10の構成を示す回路図である。図2は、第1の実施形態に係る演算通信部400の構成を示す模式図である。図3は、第1の実施形態に係る第1電池セルの温度に対する内部抵抗を示す図である。この電池パック10は、直列に接続された複数の電池セル100と、電圧電流測定手段(電圧電流測定部200)と、温度測定手段(温度測定部300)と、演算通信部400内に設けられた算出手段(算出部420)と、を備えている。算出部420は、電圧および電流に基き電池セル100の「第1電力量収支」を算出するとともに、温度に基き電池セル100の内部抵抗を決定し、電流と前記内部抵抗に基き内部抵抗の「第2電力量収支」を算出する。これにより、算出部420は、電池セル100の第1電力量収支および内部抵抗の第2電力量収支に基き電池セル100に蓄積される「蓄積電力量収支」(電力量E(t))を算出する。
図6を用い、第2の実施形態に係る電池パック10の電力量算出方法について説明する。図6は、第2の実施形態に係る電力量算出方法を示すフローチャートである。第2の実施形態は、電力算出方法において、総内部抵抗Rtemp(t)を決定するS120のみが異なる点を除いて、第1の実施形態と同様である。第2の実施形態によれば、電池セル100の劣化を考慮して、総内部抵抗Rtemp(t)を補正していく。以下詳細を説明する。
図7を用い、第3の実施形態について説明する。図7は、第3の実施形態に係る電池パック10および制御回路20の構成を示す回路図である。第3の実施形態は、制御回路20が電池パック10の外側に設けられている点を除いて、第1の実施形態と同様である。以下詳細を説明する。
図8を用い、第4の実施形態について説明する。図8は、第4の実施形態に係る電力量算出方法を示すフローチャートである。第4の実施形態は、蓄積電力量収支(電力量E(t))と電気量収支C(t)に基き電池セル100が出力できる実質電力量Ee(t)を算出する点を除いて、第1の実施形態と同様である。以下詳細を説明する。
Claims (11)
- 直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットと、
前記電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定する電圧電流測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
前記電圧および電流に基き前記電池ユニットの第1電力量収支を算出するとともに、前記温度に基き前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、前記電流と前記内部抵抗に基き前記内部抵抗の第2電力量収支を算出することによって、前記電池ユニットの前記第1電力量収支および前記内部抵抗の前記第2電力量収支に基き前記電池ユニットに蓄積される蓄積電力量収支を算出する算出手段と、
を備える電池パック。 - 請求項1に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記算出手段は、さらに、前記電流に基き前記電池ユニットの電気量を算出し、前記蓄積電力量収支と前記電気量に基き前記電池ユニットが出力できる実質電力量を算出する電池パック。 - 直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットと、
前記電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定する電圧電流測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
前記電池ユニットの前記電圧、前記電流および前記温度に基づいて、前記電池ユニットに残存した電力量の変化量である電力変化量を算出する算出手段と、
前記電池ユニットの温度から前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を算出するためのデータである内部抵抗データを保存する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記算出手段は、前記内部抵抗データを参照して、現在の前記温度における前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、基準時刻0から現在の時刻tまでにおける全ての前記電池ユニットの前記電力変化量をΔE(t)、前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗の総和である総内部抵抗をRtemp(t)としたとき、下記式(1)により前記電力変化量ΔE(t)を算出する電池パック。
- 請求項3または4に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記記憶手段は、最初の満充電時を基準時刻0とし、当該基準時刻における前記電力量である初期電力量を保存し、
前記算出手段は、前記初期電力量と現在の前記電力変化量との和により、現在の前記電力量を算出する電池パック。 - 請求項5に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記算出手段は、前記初期電力量を基準に直前の満充電時の前記電力量を比較した劣化比率を算出し、当該劣化比率に基づいて前記総内部抵抗を補正する電池パック。 - 請求項6に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記算出手段は、直前の前記総内部抵抗に前記劣化比率の逆数を乗じて、当該総内部抵抗を補正する電池パック。 - 請求項1または2に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記実質電力量に基づいた予測信号を外部機器に送信する通信手段をさらに備える電池パック。 - 請求項3~7のいずれか一項に記載の電池パックにおいて、
前記電力量に基づいた信号を外部機器に送信する通信手段をさらに備える電池パック。 - 直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定するとともに、前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する測定ステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記温度に基づいて、現在の前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定するステップと、
前記電圧および電流に基き前記電池ユニットの第1電力量収支を算出するとともに、前記温度に基き前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定し、前記電流と前記内部抵抗に基き前記内部抵抗の第2電力量収支を算出することによって、前記電池ユニットの前記第1電力量収支および前記内部抵抗の前記第2電力量収支に基き前記電池ユニットに蓄積される蓄積電力量収支を算出する算出ステップと、
を備える電池パックの電力量算出方法。 - 直列に接続された複数の電池ユニットの電圧および電流を測定するとともに、前記電池ユニットの温度を測定する測定ステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記温度に基づいて、現在の前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗を決定するステップと、
前記電池ユニットの前記電圧、前記電流および前記温度に基づいて、前記電池ユニットに残存した電力量の変化量である電力変化量を算出する算出ステップと、
を備え、
前記算出ステップにおいて、
前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗に基づいて、基準時刻0から現在の時刻tまでにおける全ての前記電池ユニットの前記電力変化量をΔE(t)、前記電池ユニットの内部抵抗の総和である総内部抵抗をRtemp(t)としたとき、下記式(1)により前記電力変化量ΔE(t)を算出する電池パックの電力量算出方法。
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WO2017086400A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄電池システム、蓄電池装置及び方法 |
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JP7326237B2 (ja) | 2020-09-07 | 2023-08-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 複数の電池に関する判定装置、蓄電システム、判定方法及び判定プログラム |
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CN104145190A (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
US10670660B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
US20180372803A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
JPWO2013128811A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
CN104145190B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
JP6138757B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
US10078116B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
US20150025825A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
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