WO2013108289A1 - 熱式流量計 - Google Patents
熱式流量計 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013108289A1 WO2013108289A1 PCT/JP2012/000249 JP2012000249W WO2013108289A1 WO 2013108289 A1 WO2013108289 A1 WO 2013108289A1 JP 2012000249 W JP2012000249 W JP 2012000249W WO 2013108289 A1 WO2013108289 A1 WO 2013108289A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow meter
- sensor element
- thermal
- support member
- thermal flow
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
- G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
- G01F1/692—Thin-film arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6842—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow with means for influencing the fluid flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F5/00—Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal flow meter that installs a heating resistor in a fluid to be measured and measures the flow rate, and more particularly to a thermal flow meter suitable for measuring the intake air amount and exhaust gas flow rate of an internal combustion engine of an automobile.
- a thermal air flow meter As a thermal air flow meter, a thin film portion of several microns from which a part of the semiconductor substrate was removed was provided on a semiconductor substrate such as silicon (Si), and a heating resistor and a temperature sensitive resistor were formed on the thin film portion.
- a semiconductor substrate such as silicon (Si)
- a heating resistor and a temperature sensitive resistor were formed on the thin film portion.
- a semiconductor type equipped with a sensor element is installed in an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine, and is used to measure a fluid quantity such as a flow rate of intake air.
- An air cleaner is installed upstream to capture dust, but the intake air of the internal combustion engine has intake air mixed with fine particles that cannot be captured by the air cleaner and foreign matter such as carbon oil diffused from the combustion chamber side of the internal combustion engine. It will flow. Therefore, in order to measure the intake air amount with high accuracy, it is necessary to protect the sensor element from such foreign matters.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, as a technique for protecting a sensor element from foreign matters in a fluid, there are those described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2.
- the technique described in Patent Literature 1 prevents an intrusion of dust and a collision with the sensor element by providing an obstacle upstream of the flow measuring device or the sensor element.
- the technique described in Patent Document 2 is provided with a groove or a protrusion on the inner surface of the sub-passage to capture a liquid material such as water droplets in the groove or the like and prevent the liquid material from adhering to the sensor element. .
- a throttle part for accelerating the flow velocity of the fluid and improving the detection sensitivity of the sensor element is provided on the inner wall surface of the sub-passage facing the surface on which the sensor element is mounted.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 avoids dust from colliding with the sensor element by providing an obstacle upstream of the sensor element.
- the dust that should have been separated is bent in the direction toward the sensor element by the restricting portion, and flies to the sensor element and collides and adheres. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to use a gentle throttle portion.
- there is no degree of freedom in the shape of the aperture there is no limit to downsizing since it is necessary to provide a certain distance to the aperture.
- the distance from the obstacle to the sensor element becomes long, and the dust that is avoided by the obstacle in the direction away from the installation surface where the sensor element is installed diffuses, so that the effect of installing the obstacle cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- fine particles having a particle size of several microns are easily diffused, and further effects cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 provides a groove or the like on the wall surface of the sub-passage so that water droplets adhere to the groove or the like, and the water droplets are guided in the direction in which the groove or the like is extended. Suppressing water droplets. That is, in the present technology, an effect is obtained for the liquid attached to the wall surface of the sub passage, but an effect is not obtained for the fine particles floating in the entire sub passage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermal flow meter with reduced contamination of the sensor element.
- a thermal flow meter of the present invention includes a sensor element provided with a thin film portion on a diaphragm formed on a substrate, and a heating element formed on the thin film portion, and the sensor element And a sub-passage in which a part of the support member is disposed and takes in a part of the intake air flowing through the intake pipe, and the thin film portion along the air flow flowing in the sub-passage
- a straight line passing above is L
- the fine particles that are provided on the support member or the sensor element on the L and fly along with the air flow along the surface of the support member or the sensor element are moved away from the L.
- a guide member to be directed.
- the configuration of the sensor element 1 of the thermal type flow meter according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the substrate 2 of the sensor element 1 is made of a material having good thermal conductivity such as silicon or ceramic.
- an electrical insulating film 3 a is formed on the substrate 2, and the substrate 2 is etched from the back surface to form a thin film portion and form a diaphragm 4.
- a heating resistor 5 is formed on the surface near the center of the electrical insulating film 3a on the diaphragm 4.
- a heating temperature sensor 7 that detects the heating temperature of the heating resistor 5 is formed around the heating resistor 5 so as to surround the heating resistor 5. The temperature of the heating resistor 5 is detected by the heating temperature sensor 7, and the heating is controlled so as to be higher than the temperature of the air flow 6 by a certain temperature. Further, upstream temperature sensors 8 a and 8 b and downstream temperature sensors 9 a and 9 b are formed on both sides of the heating temperature sensor 7.
- the upstream temperature sensors 8a and 8b are arranged upstream of the flow of the air flow 6 with respect to the heating resistor 5, and the downstream temperature sensors 9a and 9b are arranged downstream of the flow of the air flow 6 with respect to the heating resistor 5.
- the outermost surface of the sensor element 1 is covered with an electrical insulating film 3b.
- the electrical insulating film 3b performs electrical insulation and also serves as a protective film.
- temperature sensitive resistors 10, 11, 12 whose resistance value changes according to the temperature of the air flow 6 are arranged.
- the heating resistor 5, the heating temperature sensor 7, the upstream temperature sensors 8a and 8b, the downstream temperature sensors 9a and 9b, and the temperature sensitive resistors 10, 11, and 12 have a relatively resistance temperature that varies depending on the temperature. It is made of a material with a large coefficient. For example, a semiconductor material such as polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon doped with impurities, or a metal material such as platinum, molybdenum, tungsten, or a nickel alloy may be used. Further, the electrical insulating films 3a and 3b are formed in a thin film shape with a thickness of about 2 microns from silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) so that a sufficient thermal insulation effect can be obtained.
- silicon dioxide SiO 2
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- the heating resistor 5, the heating temperature sensor 7, the upstream temperature sensors 8 a and 8 b, and the downstream temperature sensors 9 a and 9 b also have temperature dependency like the temperature sensitive resistors 10, 11, and 12. It is a temperature sensitive resistor.
- each resistor constituting the heating resistor 5, the heating temperature sensor 7, the upstream temperature sensors 8a, 8b, the downstream temperature sensors 9a, 9b, and the temperature sensitive resistors 10, 11, 12 is provided.
- An electrode pad portion 13 on which an electrode for connecting the body to the drive / detection circuit is formed is provided.
- the electrode is made of aluminum or the like.
- the solid line of the temperature distribution 14 indicates the temperature distribution of the diaphragm 4 when there is no wind.
- the heating resistor 5 is heated so as to be higher than the temperature of the air flow 6 by ⁇ Th.
- the broken line of the temperature distribution 14 is the temperature distribution of the diaphragm 4 when the air flow 6 is generated.
- the upstream side of the heating resistor 5 is cooled by the air flow 6 to lower the temperature, and the downstream side passes through the heating resistor 5 and heated air flows to increase the temperature. Accordingly, the flow rate is measured by measuring the upstream / downstream temperature difference ⁇ Ts between the upstream temperature sensors 8a and 8b and the downstream temperature sensors 9a and 9b.
- the intermediate voltage of these series circuits is taken out and connected to the amplifier 15.
- the output of the amplifier 15 is connected to the base of the transistor 16.
- the collector of the transistor 16 is connected to the power supply VB, and the emitter is connected to the heating resistor 5 to constitute a feedback circuit.
- the bridge circuit which connected in parallel the series circuit which consists of the upstream temperature sensor 8a and the downstream temperature sensor 9a, and the series circuit which consists of the downstream temperature sensor 9b and the upstream temperature sensor 8b is comprised, and each series A reference voltage Vref is applied to the circuit.
- a base member 19 is provided so as to protrude from the wall surface of the intake pipe 18.
- the base member 19 is formed with a sub-passage 21 that takes in part of the intake air 20 flowing through the intake pipe 18.
- the sub passage 21 has a passage shape having a curved portion, but the passage shape in the vicinity of the sensor element 1 is a linear shape.
- a part of the support member 23 that supports the sensor element 1 is exposed in the sub-passage 21.
- the sensor element 1 is installed in a rectangular recess formed in the support member 23.
- the sub-passage 21 in the part where the sensor element 1 is installed has a linear flow path, and has a curved shape on the upstream and downstream sides.
- the support member 23 is provided with a circuit chip 22 on which a drive / detection circuit for the sensor element 1 is mounted, and the sensor element 1 and the circuit chip 22 are electrically connected by a gold wire bonding wire 24a or the like.
- the circuit chip 22 is electrically connected to the lead member 31 by a gold wire bonding wire or the like.
- a terminal 25 for supplying power to the drive circuit and taking out an output signal is provided, and the lead member 31 and the terminal 25 electrically connected to the circuit chip 22 are connected by the aluminum bonding wire 24c and the gold wire bonding wire 24b. This is an electrically connected configuration.
- the thermal flow meter provided with the sensor element for measuring the flow rate on such a flat surface was provided on the support members 23 on the upstream side and the downstream side of the sensor element 1.
- the point which takes the guide means which consists of the obstructions 26a and 26b is demonstrated in detail.
- the obstacles 26a and 26b are columnar protrusions protruding from the support member 23 in the present embodiment, and are rectangular columns having a substantially square cross section.
- the obstacles 26a, 26b are located on a line L that passes through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub-passage.
- the cross sections of the obstacles 26a and 26b are substantially square, and one of the two diagonal lines of the quadrangle faces the direction along the line L.
- the cross sections of the obstacles 26a and 26b are substantially square, and the lengths of the two diagonal lines of the quadrangle are different, and the longer diagonal line X of the two diagonal lines is along the line L as shown in FIG. Facing the direction. Further, the length of the shorter diagonal line Y of the two diagonal lines is longer than the length of the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1. The point where the two diagonal lines intersect is located upstream of the center of the diagonal line along the line L.
- the surface of the support member 23 on the side where the sensor element 1 is installed is substantially the same as the detection surface of the sensor element 1, or the surface of the sensor element 1 is concave or convex although it is minute. At least air flowing on the surface of the support member 23 passes through the surface of the sensor element 1.
- the obstacles 26a and 26b are columnar protrusions protruding from the support member 23 and are positioned on the line L along the air flow 6 and passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1. Therefore, the fine particles 27 flying along with the air flow 6 collide with the obstacle 26a. The collided fine particles 27 travel in a direction away from the line L along the surface of the support member 23. That is, the locus avoids the surface of the sensor element 1.
- the cross sections of the obstacles 26a and 26b are substantially square, and one of the two diagonal lines X and Y of the quadrilateral is directed in the direction along the line L.
- the side surface on the side on which the fine particles 27 come and collide has a shape inclined with respect to the flying direction, so that the fine particles are easily reflected in the inclined direction. Further, by tilting, the collision energy of particles against the obstacle 26a can be reduced, and the adhesion of fine particles to the obstacle 26a can be reduced.
- the cross sections of the obstacles 26a and 26b are substantially square, and the lengths of the two diagonal lines X and Y of the quadrangle are different, and the longer diagonal line X of the two diagonal lines faces the direction along the line L. Yes. By doing so, the airflow that is shaped along the airflow 6 and that flows over the sensor element 1 is not disturbed excessively.
- the length Y of the shorter one of the two diagonals is longer than the length Yd in the direction perpendicular to the line L of the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1.
- the thickness of the substrate 2 of the sensor element 1 is several hundred microns, and the temperature of the substrate 2 is the ambient temperature. The temperature does not change and there is almost no influence on the characteristics. Therefore, if the length Y of the shorter diagonal line of the two diagonal lines of the obstacles 26a and 26b is longer than the length Yd of the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1, the effect is further obtained.
- the point where the two diagonal lines intersect is located upstream of the center of the diagonal line along the line L (in the direction away from the sensor element 1).
- the cross section of the obstacle 26a becomes substantially streamlined, and the turbulence of the air flow downstream of the obstacle 26a can be reduced. If the air flowing over the sensor element 1 is disturbed, detection noise increases and causes flow rate detection errors. Therefore, by making the cross section of the obstacle 26a substantially streamlined, it is possible to obtain a high-accuracy thermal flow meter with reduced adhesion of fine particles without deteriorating detection noise due to air turbulence.
- the sensor element 1 is installed in a recess provided in the support member 23.
- conventional obstacle members 26c and 26d are provided on the upstream and downstream support members 23 of the sensor element 1.
- the sub passage wall 28 facing the surface of the sensor element 1 is provided with a throttle portion 29.
- the amount of adhesion to the sensor element 1 increases when the shape in which the amount of protrusion of the restricting portion 29 is increased from the sub-passage wall surface in order to enhance the effect of the restricting portion 29 or when the restricting portion 29 is restricted at a sharp angle. .
- the direction in which the fine particles 27a are guided is different from that of the prior art. That is, the obstacle 26a shown in FIG. 7 serves as guide means for gradually moving the fine particles 27 away from the line L along the surface of the support member 23. Since the guided fine particles do not pass over the diaphragm 4 on the sensor element 1, the sub passage wall on the facing side of the sensor element 1 is not affected by the shape of the throttle portion.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view along line L passing through diaphragm 4 of sensor element 1 along air flow 6 in the sub-passage in FIG. 9A shows that the relationship between the height H of the obstacles 26a and 26b from the surface of the support member 23 and the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29 protruding from the surface of the auxiliary passage wall 28 is H ⁇ T. It is the figure which showed the flow of the microparticles
- the fine particles 27 b that flow a distance H from the surface of the support member 23 flow on the obstacle 26 a and pass on the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27 b easily collide or adhere to the surface of the sensor element 1 by colliding with the fine particles 27 c whose flying direction has been changed by the throttle portion 29.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the flow of fine particles under the condition that the relationship between H and T is H> T.
- the fine particles 27a flowing in the vicinity of the surface of the support member 23 in the figure are guided by the obstacle 26a and do not pass over the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27 b that flow a distance H from the surface of the support member 23 flow on the obstacle 26 a and pass on the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27b approach the surface of the sensor element 1 by colliding with the fine particles 27c whose flying direction has been changed by the restricting portion 29, but since the distance from the sensor element 1 can be secured, collision or adhesion does not occur.
- the amount of the fine particles attached to the sensor element 1 varies depending on the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29.
- the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29 By making at least the height H of the throttle part 29 larger than the protrusion amount T, an effect of further reducing the adhesion to the sensor element 1 can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 (c) is a view showing the flow of fine particles under the condition that H is increased until the obstacles 26a and 26b come close to or come into contact with the auxiliary passage wall 28.
- FIG. Most of the fine particles 27 directed to the sensor element 1 are guided by the obstacle 26a and thus do not pass over the sensor element 1. Therefore, the configuration is almost unaffected by the protrusion amount T of the throttle portion 29.
- the obstacle 26a and the obstacle 26b are provided on both the upstream side and the downstream side of the flow of the air flow 6 with respect to the sensor element 1.
- the upstream side obstacle 26a alone is effective. can get.
- the obstacles 26a and 26b are substantially quadrangular prisms, but the tip may be gradually narrowed. In this case, an effect can be obtained if the shape shown in the present embodiment is provided at least at the root of the obstacle 26a.
- the obstacle 26a has a quadrangular cross section, but a cross section having a curve as shown in FIG.
- the line corresponding to the diagonal line X shown in FIG. 7 is the length in the direction along the air flow.
- the line corresponding to the diagonal line Y is the maximum width in the direction perpendicular to the air flow.
- the obstacle 26a was shown about the structure which is one structure in a present Example, as shown to FIG.10 (b) (c), what combined the some board may be used.
- the line corresponding to the diagonal line X shown in FIG. 7 is the length in the direction along the air flow in the region where the plurality of plates are provided.
- the line corresponding to the diagonal line Y is the maximum width in the direction perpendicular to the air flow in the area where the plurality of plates are provided.
- the obstacles 26a and 26b are provided on the support member 23.
- the obstacles 26a and 26b are extended to the surfaces of the support member 23 and the sensor element 1. Also good.
- the structure which formed the obstructions 26a and 26b on the sensor element 1 may be sufficient.
- the thermal flow meter provided with the sensor element for measuring the flow rate on the flat plate-like surface is connected to the upstream side and the downstream side of the air flow 6 with respect to the sensor element 1.
- the guide means using the temperature distribution by the heating elements 30a and 30b provided on the support member 23 is provided.
- the heating members 30a and 30b are provided on the support member 23.
- the heating elements 30 a and 30 b are extended in the plane direction of the support member 23.
- the heating elements 30 a and 30 b are shaped so that the relationship between the width X in the flow direction of the air flow 6 and the width Y in the direction perpendicular to the air flow 6 satisfies X> Y. It is.
- the heating elements 30a and 30b are positioned on a line L that passes through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub-passage.
- the surface of the support member 23 on the side where the sensor element 1 is installed is substantially the same as the detection surface of the sensor element 1, or the surface of the sensor element 1 is concave or convex although it is minute. At least air flowing on the surface of the support member 23 passes through the surface of the sensor element 1.
- the heating elements 30a and 30b are provided on the support member 23 and are positioned on a line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6.
- the air in the vicinity of the heating element 30a has a high temperature and the molecular motion of the air is active.
- the fine particles 27 flying together with the air flow 6 collide with air in which the molecular motion in the vicinity of the heating element 30a is active and receive a force in a direction away from the heating element 30a.
- the relationship between the width X and the width Y of the heating element 30a is a shape that satisfies X> Y, the fine particles 27 colliding with air molecules in the vicinity of the heating element 30a are separated from the line L along the surface of the support member 23. It will be easier to guide away from you. That is, the locus avoids the surface of the sensor element 1.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the isotherm representing the shape of the temperature distribution when the aspect ratio of the heating element 30a is changed, and the flow of fine particles.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram showing the flow of fine particles under the condition of X ⁇ Y.
- the temperature distribution by the heating element 30a has an elliptical shape that is long in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6.
- the heat generation of the heating element 30a activates the thermal motion of the surrounding air, thereby creating a thermal barrier.
- the fine particles adhere along the end of the upstream diaphragm 4. (Thermophoresis effect) Further, when the heating temperature of the heating element 30a is increased, the thermophoresis effect is enhanced and the adhesion of fine particles is promoted.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing the flow of fine particles under the condition of X> Y.
- the temperature distribution by the heating element 30a has an elliptical shape that is long in the flow direction of the air flow 6.
- the fine particles hit a thermal barrier due to the heat generated by the heating element 30a, and then flow easily to avoid the heating element 30a.
- the width Y of the heating element 30a is longer than the length Yd in the direction perpendicular to the line L of the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 as shown in FIG. By doing so, the fine particles guided by the heating element 30 a can flow to the downstream side of the sensor element 1 without passing over the diaphragm 4.
- a detection error of the sensor element 1 tends to occur. This is because the diaphragm 4 is a thin film of several microns and has a small heat capacity and thermal conductivity.
- the temperature distribution on the diaphragm 4 changes and errors in detection accuracy tend to occur.
- the thickness of the substrate 2 of the sensor element 1 is several hundred microns, and the temperature of the substrate 2 is the ambient temperature. The temperature does not change and there is almost no influence on the characteristics. Therefore, if the width Y of the heating elements 30a and 30b is longer than the length Yd of the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1, the effect is further obtained.
- FIG. 16 shows the internal structure of the support member 23 in this embodiment.
- the sensor element 1 and the circuit chip 22 are bonded and fixed to the lead member 31a.
- the sensor element 1 and the circuit chip 22 are electrically connected by a gold wire bonding wire 24a.
- a part of the lead member 31 a is exposed from the support member 23 and becomes a ground (GND) terminal 34.
- a part of the lead member 31 b is exposed from the support member 23 and becomes the power terminal 32.
- the heating elements 30a and 30b are connected to the lead member 31a and the lead member 31b, and current is supplied from the power supply terminal 32.
- the lead member 31c serves as an output terminal 33 that outputs a flow rate signal that is partly exposed from the support member 23 and detected.
- the circuit chip 22 is connected to the power supply terminal 32, the ground terminal 34, and the output terminal 33 by a gold wire bonding wire 24b.
- the sensor element 1, the circuit chip 22, the heating elements 30a and 30b, and the lead members 31a to 31c can be easily manufactured at low cost by integrally forming them with a resin mold.
- the resin molding material can be used as the support member 23.
- a heater material such as carbon fiber, nickel alloy, alumina, or silicon nitride is used.
- a Cu-based material such as copper or a copper alloy, or an Fe-based material such as iron is used.
- an epoxy-based sealing material is used as the molding material used as the support member 23 as the molding material used as the support member 23 .
- a ceramic substrate can also be used as the support member 23.
- electrodes for mounting the heating elements 30a and 30b are provided on the ceramic substrate, and are electrically connected by welding or soldering. Since the electrode part is a metal, it is necessary to protect the electrode part in order to increase resistance to corrosion. In the case of the resin mold of this embodiment, since the heating elements 30a and 30b are protected by the molding material, it is not necessary to take a countermeasure against such corrosion separately and can be manufactured at low cost.
- a thermal flow meter provided with a sensor element for measuring a flow rate on a flat surface is added to the upstream side temperature sensors 8a and 8b in the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1.
- the guide means using the temperature distribution by the heating elements 30a and 30b is provided on the downstream side of the side and downstream temperature sensors 9a and 9b.
- the shape of the heating elements 30a and 30b is such that the relationship between the width Y in the direction perpendicular to the air flow 6 and the width Yh in the direction perpendicular to the air flow 6 in the heating resistor 5 satisfies Y ⁇ Yh. It is. Further, the heating elements 30a and 30b are positioned on a line L passing through the heating resistor 5 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub passage.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram showing the isotherm of the temperature distribution on the diaphragm 4 and the flow of the fine particles 27 in the conventional configuration.
- the air in the immediate vicinity of the heating resistor 5 has a high temperature, and the molecular motion of the air is active.
- the temperature upstream of the heating resistor 5 is lowered.
- the fine particles 27 flying together with the air flow 6 collide with air in which the molecular motion in the vicinity of the heating resistor 5 is active and receive a force in a direction away from the heating resistor 5. Since the fine particles 27 enter the diaphragm 4 and are guided to the vicinity of the heating resistor 5, the fine particles reach and adhere to the upstream side in the diaphragm 4.
- FIG. 18B is a diagram showing the isotherm of the temperature distribution on the diaphragm 4 having the structure provided with the heating elements 30a and 30b of the present invention, and the flow of fine particles.
- a temperature difference is generated between the upstream side and the downstream side in the vicinity of the heating resistor 5.
- the heating element 30a is provided on the upstream side in the diaphragm 4, even if the air flow 6 is generated, the temperature is high near the upstream end of the diaphragm 4. For this reason, the air in the vicinity of the heating element 30a has a high temperature and the molecular motion of the air is active.
- the fine particles 27 flying together with the air flow 6 collide with air in which the molecular motion in the vicinity of the heating element 30 a is active and receive a force in a direction away from the heating element 30. Compared with the conventional configuration, it is possible to reduce the amount of the fine particles entering the diaphragm 4 and reduce the adhesion of the fine particles to the diaphragm 4.
- the shape of the heating elements 30a and 30b is such that the relationship between the width Y in the direction perpendicular to the air flow 6 and the width Yh in the direction perpendicular to the air flow 6 in the heating resistor 5 satisfies Y ⁇ Yh. It is. This effect will be described with reference to FIG. 18B and FIG.
- FIG. 19 shows the temperature distribution when Y> Yh.
- the temperature control distribution by the heating element 30 a has an elliptical shape that is long in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6.
- the heat generation of the heating resistor 26 activates the thermal motion of the surrounding air, creating a thermal barrier, and the upstream side. Adherence of fine particles occurs along the end of the diaphragm 4. (Thermophoresis effect)
- the thermophoresis effect is enhanced and the adhesion of fine particles is promoted.
- a step due to the adhering fine particles is formed, and the air flow is disturbed by this step and an error occurs in detection accuracy.
- FIG. 18B is a temperature distribution when the shape of the heating elements 30a and 30b satisfies the above Y ⁇ Yh.
- the temperature distribution formed by the heating elements 30 a and 30 b and the heating resistor 5 can maintain an elliptical shape that is long in the flow direction of the air flow 6 even when the air flow 6 is generated.
- the fine particles When the fine particles are carried by the air flow to the heating element 30a having such a shape, the fine particles hit a thermal barrier due to the heat generated by the heating element 30a, and then easily flow so as to avoid the heating element 30a.
- FIG. 20 shows a drive circuit for the sensor element 1 in this embodiment.
- the heating elements 30a and 30b are connected to the heating resistor 5 in series. By connecting in series, the amount of heat generated by the heating elements 30a and 30b changes according to the current and voltage of the heating resistor 5.
- the heating resistor 5 is controlled so that the flow rate of the air flow 6 increases and the current / voltage increases to maintain the temperature. If the current and voltage applied to the heating resistor 5 are connected so as to be applied to the heating elements 30a and 30b, the heating elements 30a and 30b also increase the amount of heat generated as the air flow 6 increases. Can do. By doing so, even if the flow rate of the air flow 6 is increased, the effects of the present embodiment can be obtained with a simple configuration without lowering the temperature of the heating elements 30a and 30b.
- the configuration in which the heating elements 30a and 30b are connected in series to the heating resistor 5 has been described.
- the same effect can be obtained by connecting the heating elements 30a and 30b in parallel to the heating resistor 5. It is done.
- a similar effect can be obtained if the voltage or current applied to the heating elements 30a, 30b is changed in accordance with the current or voltage applied to the heating resistor 5.
- the heating elements 30a and 30b can be formed simultaneously with the heating resistor 5, and it is necessary to add a new process. There is no. Further, since the heating elements 30a and 30b can be connected to the heating resistor 5 on the sensor element, it is not necessary to provide an extra electrode pad or the like, and a thermal flow meter with reduced adhesion of fine particles can be obtained at low cost. .
- the configuration of the heating elements 30a and 30b is shown as a substantially triangular shape in which the width Y increases as the heating resistor 5 is approached.
- the width Y increases as the heating resistor 5 is approached.
- FIG. It may be oval or in the shape of a character.
- a fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described below.
- electrostatic force by electrodes 35a and 35b provided on the upstream and downstream support members 23 of the sensor element 1 is used.
- the guide means using is taken (the downstream side is not shown).
- the electrodes 35a and 35b are provided on the support member 23 in this embodiment.
- the electrodes 35 a and 35 b are extended in the plane direction of the support member 23.
- the relationship between the distance Y between the electrodes 35a and 35b and the width Yd perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6 of the diaphragm 4 formed in the sensor element 1 is Y> Yd. It is the arrangement which satisfies.
- the electrodes 35a and 35b are positioned so as to sandwich a line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub passage.
- the surface of the support member 23 on the side where the sensor element 1 is installed is substantially the same as the detection surface of the sensor element 1, or the surface of the sensor element 1 is concave or convex although it is minute. At least air flowing on the surface of the support member 23 passes through the surface of the sensor element 1.
- the electrodes 35 a and 35 b are provided on the support member 23 and extend along the line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6.
- An electric field E is generated in a region sandwiched between the electrodes 35a and 35b.
- the fine particles 27 flying along with the air flow 6 are charged due to friction between the fine particles and friction on the wall surface.
- the fine particles 27 receive an electrostatic force from the electric field E formed by the electrodes 35a and 35b, and are guided in either direction of the electrodes 35a and 35b. That is, it is guided in a direction away from the line L along the surface of the support member 23.
- the guided direction is determined by whether the electric charge carried by the fine particles 27 is positive or negative.
- the relationship between the distance Y between the electrode 35a and the electrode 35b and the width Yd in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6 of the diaphragm 4 formed in the sensor element 1 is such that Y> Yd.
- the electrodes 35a and 35b are positioned so as to sandwich a line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub passage.
- the guided fine particles flow downstream of the sensor element 1 without passing over the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1.
- the following effects can be obtained by satisfying Y> Yd.
- the charged fine particles are guided in the direction of the electrode 35a or the electrode 35b. However, depending on the type of the fine particles, they are adsorbed and deposited on the electrode 35a or the electrode 35b. The place where the fine particles are deposited becomes a convex step and disturbs the flowing air.
- the air passing over the electrodes 35a and 35b does not pass over the diaphragm 4. Therefore, the air turbulent due to the level difference caused by the accumulation of fine particles does not pass over the diaphragm 4, so that the flow rate detection error due to noise or the like can be reduced. Therefore, measurement accuracy can be maintained even when used for a long time.
- FIG. 23 shows the internal structure of the support member 23 in this embodiment.
- the sensor element 1 and the circuit chip 22 are bonded and fixed to the lead member 31a.
- the sensor element 1 and the circuit chip 22 are electrically connected by a gold wire bonding wire 24a.
- a part of the lead member 31 a is exposed from the support member 23 and becomes a ground (GND) terminal 34.
- a part of the lead member 31 b is exposed from the support member 23 and becomes the power terminal 32.
- the electrode 35 a is formed by extending a lead member 31 a connected to the ground terminal 34 to the upstream side of the sensor element 1.
- an electrode 35c is formed by extending a lead member 31a connected to the ground terminal 34 on the downstream side of the sensor element 1 as well.
- the electrode 35 b is formed by extending a lead member 31 b connected to the power supply terminal 32 to the upstream side of the sensor element 1.
- the electrode 35d is formed by extending a lead member 31b connected to the power supply terminal 32 on the downstream side of the sensor element 1 as well.
- the sensor element 1, the circuit chip 22, the lead members 31 a and 31 b that become the power supply terminal 32 and the ground terminal 34, and the electrodes 35 a to 35 d can be easily manufactured at low cost by being integrally formed with a resin mold. . Further, by sharing the electrodes 35a to 35d with the lead member that becomes the power supply terminal 32 and the ground terminal 34, it can be realized only by changing the pattern of the lead member, and the cost is not increased. In this case, the resin mold material can be used as the support member 23.
- an Fe-based material in addition to a Cu-based material is used in the same manner as the lead members 31a, 31b. Further, as the molding material used as the support member 23, an epoxy-based sealing material is used. Since the electrodes 35a to 35d are metals, it is necessary to protect the electrode portions in order to increase resistance to corrosion. In the case of the resin mold of this embodiment, since the electrodes 35a to 35d can be protected by the molding material, it is not necessary to separately take measures against such corrosion and can be manufactured at low cost.
- protrusions 36a to 36d are formed on the upstream and downstream support members 23 of the sensor element 1 of the thermal flow meter provided with the sensor element for measuring the flow rate on the flat surface.
- the guide means using the flow velocity distribution generated by the protrusions 36a to 36d is taken.
- the protrusions 36a and 36b are columnar protrusions protruding from the support member 23 in this embodiment.
- the protrusions 36 a and 36 b are extended in the planar direction of the support member 23.
- As the arrangement of the protrusions 36a and 36b there is a relationship between the distance Y between the protrusion 36a and the protrusion 36b and the width Yd perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6 of the diaphragm 4 formed on the sensor element 1.
- the arrangement satisfies Y> Yd (see FIG. 25).
- protrusions 36a and 36b are positioned so as to sandwich a line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub passage.
- protrusions 36c and 36d located on the downstream side of the sensor element 1.
- the surface of the support member 23 on the side where the sensor element 1 is installed is substantially the same as the detection surface of the sensor element 1, or the surface of the sensor element 1 is concave or convex although it is minute. At least air flowing on the surface of the support member 23 passes through the surface of the sensor element 1.
- the protrusions 36 a and 36 b are provided on the support member 23 and extend along the air flow 6 along the line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1.
- the flow velocity distribution 37 of the air flowing through the region sandwiched between the protrusions 36a and 36b is slow in the vicinity of the protrusions 36a and 36b, and gradually increases as the distance from the protrusions 36a and 36b increases. Become.
- This flow velocity difference is due to the viscosity of the air, and becomes prominent in the case of a laminar flow having a relatively low flow velocity.
- the fine particles 27 flying along with the air flow 6 are guided from the higher flow rate to the lower flow rate by the flow velocity distribution 37 formed by the protrusions 36a and 36b. That is, it is guided in the direction away from the line L along the surface of the support member 23 toward the protrusion 36a or the protrusion 36b.
- the relationship between the distance Y between the protrusion 36a and the protrusion 36b and the width Yd in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flow 6 of the diaphragm 4 formed in the sensor element 1 is such that Y> Yd.
- the protrusions 36a and 36b are positioned so as to sandwich a line L passing through the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1 along the air flow 6 in the sub passage.
- the guided fine particles flow downstream of the sensor element 1 without passing over the diaphragm 4 of the sensor element 1.
- the following effects can be obtained by satisfying Y> Yd.
- the fine particles are guided in the direction of the protrusion 36a or the protrusion 36b, but depending on the type of the fine particles, they are adsorbed and deposited on the protrusion 36a or the protrusion 36b.
- the place where the fine particles are deposited becomes a convex step and disturbs the flowing air.
- the air passing over the protrusion 36 a and the protrusion 36 b does not pass over the diaphragm 4. Therefore, the air turbulent due to the level difference caused by the accumulation of fine particles does not pass over the diaphragm 4, so that the flow rate detection error due to noise or the like can be reduced. Therefore, measurement accuracy can be maintained even when used for a long time.
- 26 is a view as seen from the cross-sectional direction along line L in FIG. 26A, the relationship between the height H of the protrusions 36 a and 36 b from the surface of the support member 23 and the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29 from the surface of the sub passage wall 28 is H ⁇ T. It is the figure which showed the flow of the fine particle on conditions. The fine particles 27a flowing in the vicinity of the surface of the support member 23 in the figure are guided by the protrusions 36a and 36b and thus do not pass over the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27b flowing a distance H from the surface of the support member 23 flow on the protrusions 36a and 36b and pass on the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27 b easily collide or adhere to the surface of the sensor element 1 by colliding with the fine particles 27 c whose flying direction has been changed by the throttle portion 29.
- FIG. 26B is a diagram showing the flow of fine particles under the condition where the relationship between H and T is H> T.
- the fine particles 27a flowing in the vicinity of the surface of the support member 23 in the figure are guided by the protrusions 36a and 36b and thus do not pass over the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27b flowing a distance H from the surface of the support member 23 flow on the protrusions 36a and 36b and pass on the sensor element 1.
- the fine particles 27b approach the surface of the sensor element 1 by colliding with the fine particles 27c whose flying direction has been changed by the restricting portion 29, but since the distance from the sensor element 1 can be secured, collision or adhesion does not occur.
- the amount of the fine particles attached to the sensor element 1 varies depending on the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29.
- the protruding amount T of the throttle portion 29 By making at least the height H of the throttle part 29 larger than the protrusion amount T, an effect of further reducing the adhesion to the sensor element 1 can be obtained.
- FIG. 26 (c) is a diagram showing the flow of fine particles under the condition that H is increased until the protrusions 36a and 36b are in the vicinity of the sub passage wall 28 or contact with each other. Most of the fine particles 27 directed to the sensor element 1 are guided by the protrusions 36a and 36b and thus do not pass over the sensor element 1. Therefore, the configuration is almost unaffected by the protrusion amount T of the throttle portion 29.
- the protrusions 36a and 36b and the protrusions 36c and 36d are provided on both the upstream side and the downstream side of the sensor element 1.
- the effect is achieved. Is obtained. If the sensor element 1 is provided on both the upstream side and the downstream side, adhesion of fine particles can be reduced even when backflow occurs.
- the airflow flowing in the sensor element 1 is the same when the airflow flows in the forward flow direction and when the airflow flows in the reverse flow direction by being provided on both sides, for example, a high-amplitude pulsation accompanied by a backflow in the air flow It is possible to reduce the adhesion of fine particles without impairing the detection accuracy of the sensor element when this occurs.
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Abstract
Description
本実施例による熱式流量計のセンサ素子1の構成を図1、図2により説明する。センサ素子1の基板2は、シリコンやセラミック等の熱伝導率の良い材料で構成される。そして、基板2上に電気絶縁膜3aを形成し、基板2を裏面からエッチングすることで薄膜部を形成しダイアフラム4を形成する。
図3に、示されるように、発熱抵抗体5の温度によって抵抗値が変化する加熱温度センサ7と感温抵抗体10とからなる直列回路と、感温抵抗体11と感温抵抗体12とからなる直列回路とを並列に接続したブリッジ回路を構成し、各直列回路に基準電圧Vrefを印加する。これらの直列回路の中間電圧を取り出し、増幅器15に接続する。増幅器15の出力は、トランジスタ16のベースに接続する。トランジスタ16のコレクタは電源VBに接続し、エミッタは発熱抵抗体5に接続し、フィードバック回路を構成する。これにより、発熱抵抗体5の温度Thは空気流6の温度Taに対して一定温度ΔTh(=Th-Ta)高くなるように制御される。
本実施例では、図13に示されるように、平板状の表面において流量を計測するセンサ素子を備えた熱式流量計に、センサ素子1に対して空気流6の流れの上流側と下流側の支持部材23に設けた発熱体30a、30bによる温度分布を利用したガイド手段を講じている。
本実施例では、図17に示されるように、平板状の表面において流量を計測するセンサ素子を備えた熱式流量計に、センサ素子1のダイアフラム4内の上流側温度センサ8a、8bの上流側と下流側温度センサ9a、9bの下流側に発熱体30a、30bによる温度分布を利用したガイド手段を講じている。
図22に示すように、平板状の表面において流量を計測するセンサ素子を備えた熱式流量計において、センサ素子1の上流側と下流側の支持部材23に設けた電極35a、35bによる静電気力を利用したガイド手段を講じている(下流側は図示なし)。
図24に示すように、本実施例は、平板状の表面において流量を計測するセンサ素子を備えた熱式流量計のセンサ素子1の上流側と下流側の支持部材23に突起物36a~36dを設けることで、突起物36a~36dよって生じる流速分布を用いたガイド手段を講じている。
2 基板
3a~3c 電気絶縁膜
4 ダイアフラム
5 発熱抵抗体
6 空気流
7 加熱温度センサ
8a、8b 上流側温度センサ
9a、9b 下流側温度センサ
10、11、12 感温抵抗体
13 電極パッド部
14 温度分布
15、17 増幅器
16 トランジスタ
18 吸気管路
19 ベース部材
20 吸気
21 副通路
22 回路チップ
23 支持部材
24a、24b 金線ボンディングワイヤー
24c アルミボンディングワイヤー
25 端子
26a、26b 障害物
27、27a 微粒子
28 副通路壁
29 絞り部
30a、30b 発熱体
31a リード部材
32 電源端子
33 出力端子
34 GND端子
35a~35d 電極
36a~36d 突起物
37 流速分布
Claims (20)
- 基板に形成されたダイアフラム上に薄膜部を設け、前記薄膜部に形成された発熱抵抗体を備えたセンサ素子と、
前記センサ素子が設置される支持部材と、
前記支持部材の一部が配置され、吸気管路を流れる吸気の一部を取り込む副通路と、を有し、
前記副通路内を流れる空気流に沿い前記薄膜部上を通る直線をLとしたとき、
前記L上の前記支持部材または前記センサ素子に設けられ、前記支持部材または前記センサ素子の表面に沿って空気流とともに飛来する微粒子を前記Lから遠ざける方向へ向かわせるガイド部材と、を備えたことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記発熱抵抗体に対して前記空気流の流れの上流側と下流側に設けたことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記支持部材から突出した凸部形状からなる突起物であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項3に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記センサ素子が設置される面と平行な面での前記突起物の断面は略四角形であり、前記四角形の2つの対角線のうちいずれかの対角線が前記Lに沿う方向を向いていることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項4に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記2つの対角線の長さが異なり、前記2つの対角線のうち長い方の対角線は前記Lに沿う方向を向いていることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項4または5に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記2つの対角線が交わる点は、前記Lに沿う側の対角線の中心よりも前記センサ素子から遠ざかる方向に位置することを特徴とする。 - 請求項5または6に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記2つの対角線のうち短い方の対角線の長さは、前記薄膜部の前記Lに対して垂直方向の長さよりも長くなる形状であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項3乃至7のいずれかに記載の熱式流量計において、
前記支持部材の前記センサ素子が設置される面と対向する前記副通路の壁面は、前記壁面から突出する絞り部が設けられ、
前記支持部材の表面からの前記凸部の高さHと、前記絞り部の突出量Tとの関係が、H>Tであることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記支持部材に設けられた発熱体であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項9に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記発熱体は、前記発熱体の空気流の流れ方向の幅X、空気流に対して垂直方向の幅YとしたときX>Yを満たす形状であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項10に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記発熱体は、前記薄膜部の前記Lに対して垂直方向の長さYdとしたとき、前記幅Yとの関係がY>Ydを満たす形状であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記センサ素子に設けられた発熱体であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項12の熱式流量計において、
前記発熱体は、前記発熱体の空気流に対して垂直方向の幅Y、前記発熱抵抗体の空気流に対して垂直方向の幅Yhとしたとき、Y<Yhを満たす形状であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項12または13に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記発熱体と前記発熱抵抗体は、直列または並列に電気的に接続されていることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記支持部材に設けた電極部による電界であることを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項15に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記電極部は、第1の電極部と第2の電極部から成り、前記第1の電極部と前記第2の電極部は前記Lを挟むように配置したことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項16に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間隔をY、前記薄膜部の空気流の流れ方向に対して垂直方向の幅をYdとしたとき、Y>Ydを満たすことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記ガイド部材は、前記支持部材に設けられた第1の突出部と第2の突出部からなり、
前記線Lを挟むように前記第1の突出部と前記第2の突出部とを配置したことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項18に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記第1の突出部と前記第2の突出部との間隔をY、前記薄膜部の空気流の流れ方向に対して垂直方向の幅Ydとしたとき、Y>Ydを満たすことを特徴とする熱式流量計。 - 請求項18または19に記載の熱式流量計において、
前記支持部材の前記センサ素子が設置される面と対向する前記副通路の壁面は、前記壁面から突出する絞り部が設けられ、
前記第1の突出部と前記第2の突出部の前記支持部材の表面からの高さHと、前記絞り部の突出量Tとの関係が、H>Tであることを特徴とする熱式流量計。
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US14/359,161 US9772208B2 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | Thermal type flowmeter with particle guide member |
PCT/JP2012/000249 WO2013108289A1 (ja) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | 熱式流量計 |
CN201280067577.3A CN104053972B (zh) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | 热式流量计 |
DE112012005695.7T DE112012005695B4 (de) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | Thermischer Durchflussmesser |
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JP5895006B2 (ja) | 2016-03-30 |
CN104053972A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
DE112012005695B4 (de) | 2021-10-07 |
US9772208B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
CN104053972B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
DE112012005695T5 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
JPWO2013108289A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
US20140326064A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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