WO2013102339A1 - 一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013102339A1
WO2013102339A1 PCT/CN2012/077191 CN2012077191W WO2013102339A1 WO 2013102339 A1 WO2013102339 A1 WO 2013102339A1 CN 2012077191 W CN2012077191 W CN 2012077191W WO 2013102339 A1 WO2013102339 A1 WO 2013102339A1
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Prior art keywords
straw
column
coal
cylindrical
fuel
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PCT/CN2012/077191
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孔令增
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Kong Lingzeng
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/08—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting without the aid of extraneous binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel, which is a column granular fuel and a preparation method and equipment thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a column granular fuel and a preparation method and equipment thereof, which are prepared by crushing coal and straw and extruding into column particles, having high hardness, convenient for storage and transportation, easy to sustain combustion, and can be used as an industry.
  • the use of fuel completely solves the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • a column granular fuel which is prepared by mixing crushed coal and straw column particles, and the weight ratio of crushed coal to straw column particles is 1 :0.15-0. 7.
  • the shape of the column pellet fuel is a solid core cylinder.
  • the weight ratio of crushed coal to straw column particles is 1:0.2-0.5.
  • the method for preparing a column granular fuel comprises the following steps:
  • the crushed coal and the straw column particles are uniformly mixed and placed in the coal straw mixing roller extruder to extrude the column particles.
  • the shape of the fuel, the cylindrical particulate fuel is a solid core cylinder.
  • the apparatus used in the preparation method of the column granular fuel, the straw roller extruder comprises a receiving barrel, the spindle is vertically installed in the receiving barrel, and two rollers are mounted on the main shaft, and the two rollers are respectively distributed On both sides of the main shaft, a steel plate is installed on the inner wall of the receiving barrel, and a through hole is uniformly distributed on the steel plate.
  • the steel plate is located below the roller, and a cutting knife is mounted on the main shaft.
  • the cutting blade is in the shape of a disk, and the cutting knife is located below the steel plate, the main shaft
  • the bottom end is rotated by the motor through the transmission member, and a discharge port is opened on one side wall of the receiving barrel.
  • the height H of the steel plate is centimeters and the diameter of the through holes is 15-25 mm.
  • the equipment used in the preparation method of the column granular fuel, the coal straw mixing roller extruder comprises a receiving barrel, and the transmission shaft is vertically installed in the receiving barrel, and the upper end of the driving shaft is connected with the transmission component in the power transmission box.
  • the first set of rolling wheels are mounted on the drive shaft, and the first set of rolling wheels are two, respectively installed on both sides of the transmission shaft, the circular shaft is mounted on the transmission shaft, and the circular steel plate is located under the first group of rolling wheels
  • the circular steel plate is uniformly arranged with a cylindrical through hole, and a raw material inlet is arranged at the upper end of the receiving barrel, and a fuel outlet is arranged at the lower end of the receiving barrel.
  • a conical disc is mounted on the lower end of the transmission shaft, and the lower part of the casing is connected to the stove housing, and the conical disc is located in the stove housing.
  • a second set of rolling wheels is mounted on the drive shaft below the circular steel plate, and the second set of rolling wheels are two, respectively mounted on both sides of the drive shaft, on the inner wall of the casing below the second set of rolling wheels
  • a second circular steel disk is installed, the second circular steel disk has a central through hole, the transmission shaft passes through the central through hole, and the second circular steel plate is evenly distributed with a second cylindrical through hole.
  • the transmission shaft is coupled to the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear respectively mesh with the first bevel gear, the third bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear, respectively, the third bevel gear and the third
  • the drive shaft is connected.
  • the column granular fuel provided by the invention is convenient for storage and convenient for transportation. After testing, the density is greater than 1000kg/m3, and the hardness is similar to the hardness of coal. According to the experimental situation, the burning time in the furnace can last for about 30 days. It can be extended to 40 days, 50 days, etc. as needed, until artificial fire is extinguished.
  • the column pellet fuel of the invention can be used for industrial and civil water supply, heating and the like, can save energy, reduce straw waste, reduce atmospheric pollution when straw is incinerated, and most importantly can be used as a gas generator. The use of fuel can save a lot of expensive fuel such as refined lump coal and fuel oil.
  • the fuel used in the invention increases the volatility of the coal by using straw, and is easy to gasify when entering the gas generator, and can release hydrogen and methane after decomposition, and is not easy to coke, and is used for gas generating equipment to produce gas cost performance.
  • the best fuel can greatly reduce the cost of producing gas, especially to promote the feasibility of the actual use of coal-to-gas for gas turbine power generation.
  • the device of the invention is not easy to be damaged, has low cost, high production efficiency, no coking phenomenon, and can be extruded at one time, and the shape of the solid core particles is uniform.
  • the coal straw mixing roller extruder can also increase the hardness of the fuel as needed, and the steel plate and the roller are connected in series on the transmission shaft, so that the steel plate and the roller structure become two or three groups, and the extrusion is performed multiple times.
  • the coal straw mixing roller extruder can also be directly installed at the upper end of the gas generating furnace as needed, and directly injects the column granular fuel into the gas generating furnace, thereby solving the problem that the sealing cannot be achieved when the fuel is added into the gas generating furnace. And save operating procedures, reduce labor intensity, can also control the feed rate of the gas generator, easy to mix with air and steam, the production of gas cleanliness is high.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a straw roller extruder according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a coal straw mixing roller extruder according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged structure of a portion I of FIG. schematic diagram.
  • the column granular fuel according to the present invention is prepared by mixing crushed coal and straw column particles, and the weight ratio of the crushed coal to the straw column particles is 1:0.15-0. 7.
  • the shape of the column pellet fuel is a solid core cylinder.
  • the straw column granule refers to the straw after the harvesting is chopped and extruded into a cylinder by a straw roller extruder.
  • the ratio of the weight of the crushed coal to the straw column particles is preferably 1:0.2-0.5, when the weight ratio of crushed coal to straw is 1:0.15, 1:0.2, 1:0.25, 1:0.3, 1 :0.4, 1:0.45 , 1:0.5 or 1:0.6, 1:0.7 and so on.
  • the proportion of the raw materials used in the production of the fuel of the present invention is generally the weight ratio of the crushed coal to the straw column particles. A ratio of 1:0.2-0.5 is a preferred embodiment.
  • the method for preparing a column granular fuel according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the crushed coal and the straw column particles are uniformly mixed and placed in the coal straw mixing roller extruder to extrude the column particles.
  • the shape of the fuel, the cylindrical particulate fuel is a solid core cylinder.
  • the fuel prepared by the method of the invention can make the hardness of the coal straw mixed fuel close to that of coal, is convenient for transportation, is convenient for storage, and has high calorific value. After the harvested straw is chopped, it can be directly placed in a roller extruder to extrude the straw column particles without tedious steps such as drying.
  • the straw roller extruder has a receiving barrel 1-10
  • the spindle 1-8 is vertically mounted in the receiving barrel 1-10
  • two rollers 1 are mounted on the main shaft 1-8.
  • two rollers 1-9 are evenly distributed on both sides of the main shaft 1-8
  • the steel plate 1-6 is installed on the inner wall of the casing receiving barrel 1-10
  • the through hole 1-7 is uniformly distributed on the steel plate 1-6
  • steel The disc 1-6 is located below the roller 1-9
  • the cutting blade 1-5 is mounted on the main shaft 1-8
  • the cutting blade 1-5 is in the shape of a disk
  • the cutting blade 1-5 is located below the steel plate 1-6
  • the bottom end of the -8 is rotated by the motor through the transmission member, and the discharge port 1-11 is opened on one side wall of the receiving barrel 1-10.
  • the device can also be directly installed on the harvester, and the straw particles are directly collected into the package bag. .
  • the steel pan 1-6 has a height H of 4-9 cm and the through holes 1-7 have a diameter of 15-20 mm to achieve a better form of the extruded fuel.
  • the shredded straw is placed in the receiving bucket 1-10, and the power drives the transmission shaft to rotate through the transmission member, thereby driving the roller 1-9 to rotate, and when the roller 1-9 rotates,
  • the straw is squeezed into the through holes 1-7 of the steel plate 1-6 to form the column particles falling downward, and the cutting particles are cut when the cutting blade 1-5 rotates, and the column particles are discharged from the discharge port 1-11
  • the receiving bucket 1-10 is discharged.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the steel plate 1-6 and the bottom surface of the roller 1-9 may be 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm or 12 mm, depending on the diameter of the through hole 1-7 and the set column. Density adjustment of body particles.
  • the method for preparing a column granular fuel comprises a coal straw mixing roller extruder, comprising a receiving barrel 2-10, a vertical mounting drive shaft 2-8 in the receiving barrel 2-10, and a transmission shaft 2-8
  • the upper end is connected with the transmission member in the power transmission box 2-2
  • the first group of rolling wheels 2-9 is mounted on the transmission shaft 2-8
  • the first group of rolling rollers 2-9 are two, respectively mounted on the transmission shaft 2
  • the first circular steel disc 2-6 is mounted on the drive shaft 2-8
  • the first circular steel disc 2-6 is located below the first set of rolling wheels 2-9
  • the first circular steel disc 2 6 is uniformly distributed on the first cylindrical through hole 2-7
  • the first cylindrical through hole 2 is opened on the first circular steel plate 2-6 -7 is distributed in the track portion where the roller rotates around the first transmission shaft 8, that is, the first cylindrical through hole 2-7 is always closed by the moving state of the material or/and the
  • the coal straw mixing roller extruder can also be directly installed on the upper end of the stove.
  • the lower end of the drive shaft 2-8 is mounted with a conical disc 2-5, the lower part of the receiving barrel 2-10 and the stove housing 2 13 connected, the conical disc 2-5 is located in the stove housing 2-13, so that the fuel can be uniformly and continuously dropped into the furnace for combustion.
  • a second set of rolling wheels 2-14 may be installed on the drive shafts 2-8 below the first circular steel disk 2-6.
  • -14 are two, respectively installed on the sides of the transmission shaft 2-8, and the second circular steel disc 2-16 is installed on the inner wall of the casing 2-9 below the second group of rolling wheels 2-14, second
  • the circular steel disc 2-16 has a central through hole, the transmission shaft 2-8 passes through the central through hole, and the second circular steel disc 2-16 is evenly distributed with the second cylindrical through hole 2-15, the first steel disc 2 -6, the height of the second steel plate 2-16 is 4-9 cm, the diameter of the first cylindrical through hole 2-7 and the second cylindrical through hole 2-15 are both 15-20 mm, reaching the squeeze The preferred state of the extrusion.
  • the motor drives the transmission shaft 2-8 to rotate through the transmission member, thereby driving the roller to rotate, and the crushed coal and the straw column particles are evenly mixed, and the upper end of the receiving barrel 2-10 is
  • the feed port is fed into the receiving barrel 2-10, and after being squeezed by the roller, enters the first cylindrical through hole 2-7 on the first circular steel plate 2-6 to form a coal straw mixed column particle, coal
  • the straw mixed column particles hang down into the packaging bag, or hang down through the conical disc 2-5 and uniformly disperse into the gas generator connected to the casing 2-10 for combustion.
  • the structure of the bevel gear and the transmission shaft of the coal straw mixed cylinder granule extruder is: the transmission shaft 2-8 is connected with the first bevel gear 2-18, and the second bevel gear 2-19 and the fourth bevel gear 2-20 respectively Engaging with the first bevel gear 2-18, the third bevel gear 2-23 meshing with the second bevel gear 2-19 and the fourth bevel gear 2-20, respectively, the third bevel gear 2-23 and the third transmission shaft 2-2 22 connections.
  • This structure allows the roller to rotate at a uniform speed without causing slippage.
  • 1-1 is the power shaft
  • 1-2 is the power box
  • 1-3 is the barrel
  • 1-4 is the blanking space
  • 2-1 is the power shaft
  • 2-4 is the blanking space
  • 2-17 is Drive bushing
  • 2-21 is the drive roller.

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Abstract

提供一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备，所述柱体颗粒燃料采用碎煤和秸秆柱体颗粒混合制成，碎煤与秸秆柱体颗粒的重量比为1:0.15-0.7，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。所述的柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法包括下述步骤：①取碎煤备用；②将秸秆粉碎；③将粉碎的秸秆置入秸秆滚轮挤压机内挤压出秸秆柱体颗粒；④按碎煤与秸秆柱体颗粒比例混合均匀后置入煤秸混合滚轮挤压机内，挤出柱体颗粒燃料。还提供了所述的柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的秸秆滚轮挤压机和煤秸混合滚轮挤压机。采用碎煤和秸秆混合挤压成柱体颗粒，硬度高，便于储存和运输，易于持续燃烧，可作为工业燃料使用。

Description

一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备 技术领域
本发明涉及燃料，是一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备。
背景技术
采用碎煤和秸杆等原料混合制成燃料的技术方案已公开了许多年，但是，至今仍未能解决秸杆被大量燃烧污染环境的现象，其主要原因是，碎煤与秸杆混合时必须添加粘结剂等原料，否则，这种混合后的燃料无法成型，无法运输。然而，添加粘结剂的煤秸混合燃料在炉内不能持续燃烧，一般最长持续燃烧15分钟左右，因此，目前所有炉具都无法使煤秸混合燃料正常燃烧，这也是有关部门认定秸杆炉不能使用的主要原因之一。然而，当秸杆被大量焚烧时产生的浓烟对大气的污染仍然是需要治理的，同时，大量碎煤也只能用于制作煤球等燃料，不能用于重要煤气工业燃料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种柱体颗粒燃料及其制备方法和设备，它采用碎煤和秸杆混合挤压成柱体颗粒，硬度高，便于储存和运输，易于持续燃烧，可做为工业燃料使用，彻底解决现有技术的不足。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：一种柱体颗粒燃料，柱体颗粒燃料采用碎煤和秸杆柱体颗粒混合制成，碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0. 7，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.2-0.5。
所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
①取碎煤备用；
②将秸杆粉碎；
③将粉碎的秸杆置入秸杆滚轮挤压机内挤压出秸杆柱体颗粒；
④按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0.7的比例，将碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒混合均匀后置入煤秸混合滚轮挤压机内，挤出柱体颗粒燃料，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。
所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的设备，秸杆滚轮挤压机包括受料桶，受料桶内垂直安装主轴，主轴上安装两个滚轮，两个滚轮分别均布在主轴两侧，受料桶内壁上安装钢盘，钢盘上均布通孔，钢盘位于滚轮的下方，主轴上安装切割刀，切割刀为圆盘状，切割刀位于钢盘的下方，主轴底端通过传动件由电机带动转动，受料桶的一侧壁上开设出料口。钢盘的高度H为厘米，通孔的直径为15-25毫米。
所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的设备，煤秸混合滚轮挤压机包括受料桶，受料桶内垂直安装传动轴，传动轴上端与动力传动箱内传动件连接，传动轴上安装第一组滚压轮，第一组滚压轮为两个，分别安装在传动轴两侧，传动轴上安装圆形钢盘，圆形钢盘位于第一组滚压轮下方，圆形钢盘上均布柱形通孔，受料桶上端设置原料入口，受料桶下端设有燃料出口。传动轴下端安装锥形盘，机壳下部与炉具壳体连接，锥形盘位于炉具壳体内。在圆形钢盘下方的传动轴上安装第二组滚压轮，第二组滚压轮为两个，分别安装在传动轴两侧，在第二组滚压轮下方的机壳的内壁上安装第二圆形钢盘，第二圆形钢盘开设中心通孔，传动轴穿过中心通孔，第二圆形钢盘上均布第二柱形通孔。传动轴与第一伞齿轮连接，第二伞齿轮和第四伞齿轮分别与第一伞齿轮啮合，第三伞齿轮分别与第二伞齿轮和第四伞齿轮啮合，第三伞齿轮与第三传动轴连接。
本发明提供的柱体颗粒燃料，便于储藏，便于运输，经检测：其密度大于1000kg/m3,硬度与煤炭硬度相近。根据实验情况可知，在炉内燃烧时间可持续30天左右 ，根据需要还可持续延长至40天、50天等，直到人为灭火为止。本发明所述的柱体颗粒燃料可用于工业和民用供水、取暖等用途，可节约能源，减少秸杆浪费，减少秸杆焚烧时对大气的污染，最重要的是能够做为燃气发生炉的燃料使用，从而可节省大量精块煤、燃油等昂贵的燃料。本发明所述的燃料利用掺入秸杆增加了煤的挥发度，在进入燃气发生炉时易气化，分解后可释放氢气、甲烷，并且不易结焦，是用于燃气发生设备产出燃气性价比最佳的燃料，可大幅度降低生产燃气的成本，特别是为推动燃气轮机发电提供了实际使用的煤转燃气的可行性保障。本发明所述的设备不易损坏，造价低，生产效率高，不产生焦结现象，可一次性挤压成型，实体柱芯颗粒形状均匀。煤秸混合滚轮挤压机还可根据需要将燃料的硬度增加，将钢盘和滚轮串联在传动轴上，使钢盘、滚轮结构成为两组或三组，进行多次挤压。煤秸混合滚轮挤压机还可根据需要直接安装在燃气发生炉的上端使用，直接向燃气发生炉内注入柱体颗粒燃料，从而解决了向燃气发生炉内加入燃料时，不能实现密封的难题，并节省操作程序，减少劳动强度，还可以控制燃气发生炉的进料速度，便于与空气和蒸汽混合，生产的燃气洁净度高等。
附图说明
附图1是本发明所述的秸杆滚轮挤压机的结构示意图；附图2是本发明所述煤秸混合滚轮挤压机的结构示意图；附图3是附图2的I部放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式
对照附图对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料，采用碎煤和秸杆柱体颗粒混合制成，碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0. 7，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。所述的秸杆柱体颗粒，是指收割后的秸杆切碎后采用秸杆滚轮挤压机挤压成柱体。碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比较好的比例范围是：1：0.2-0.5，当碎煤与秸杆的重量比为1：0.15、1：0.2、1：0.25、1：0.3、1：0.4、1：0.45 、1：0.5或1：0.6、1：0.7等多种不同的比例时均可。当秸杆柱体颗粒加入量较少、碎煤较多时，燃料的成本相对较高，但是，燃料在燃烧时的气化效果相对较低。当秸杆柱体颗粒加入量较多、碎煤加入量较少时，燃料的生产成本相对较低，做为民用供水、取暖等燃烧时一般没有影响，但是做为用于燃气发生炉制造燃气时，将产生一定影响，产生的氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷等成份相对变化较大，因此，本发明的燃料做为制造燃气时使用的原料比例，一般是碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.2-0.5为优选方案。
本发明所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
①取碎煤备用；
②将秸杆粉碎；
③将粉碎的秸杆置入秸杆滚轮挤压机内挤压出秸杆柱体颗粒；
④按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0.7的比例，将碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒混合均匀后置入煤秸混合滚轮挤压机内，挤出柱体颗粒燃料，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。本发明所述的方法制备的燃料，能使煤秸混合燃料的硬度达到与煤炭接近，便于运输，便于储藏，并且，热值高。收割后的秸杆经过切碎后可直接置入滚轮挤压机内挤压出秸杆柱体颗粒，无需经过凉晒等繁琐工序。
本发明所述方法中使用的设备：秸杆滚轮挤压机有一个受料桶1-10，受料桶1-10内垂直安装主轴1-8，主轴1-8上安装两个滚轮1-9，两个滚轮1-9分别均布在主轴1-8两侧，壳受料桶1-10内壁上安装钢盘1-6，钢盘1-6上均布通孔1-7，钢盘1-6位于滚轮1-9的下方，主轴1-8上安装切割刀1-5，切割刀1-5为圆盘状，切割刀1-5位于钢盘1-6的下方，主轴1-8底端通过传动件由电机带动转动，受料桶1-10的一侧壁上开设出料口1-11，该设备也可直接安装在收割机上使用，秸杆颗粒直接收入包装袋内。
所述的钢盘1-6的高度H为4-9厘米，通孔1-7的直径为15-20毫米，以达到挤压出的燃料的较好形态。
秸杆滚轮挤压机工作时，将切碎后的秸杆置入受料桶1-10内，动力通过传动件带动传动轴转动，进而带动滚轮1-9转动，滚轮1-9转动时，将秸杆挤入钢盘1-6上的通孔1-7内，形成柱体颗粒向下垂落，切割刀1-5转动时将柱体颗粒切断，柱体颗粒由出料口1-11排出受料桶1-10。钢盘1-6上表面与滚轮1-9底面间的距离，可以是3毫米、5毫米、7毫米、10毫米或12毫米不等，可根据通孔1-7的直径及设定的柱体颗粒的密度调节。
本发明所述一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中煤秸混合滚轮挤压机，包括受料桶2-10，受料桶2-10内垂直安装传动轴2-8，传动轴2-8上端与动力传动箱2-2内传动件连接，传动轴2-8上安装第一组滚压轮2-9，第一组滚压轮2-9为两个，分别安装在传动轴2-8两侧，传动轴2-8上安装第一圆形钢盘2-6，第一圆形钢盘2-6位于第一组滚压轮2-9下方，第一圆形钢盘2-6上均布第一柱形通孔2-7，当煤秸混合滚轮挤压机安装在燃气发生炉上使用时，第一圆形钢盘2-6上开设的第一柱形通孔2-7分布在滚轮绕第一传动轴8转动的轨迹部位，即：第一柱形通孔2-7始终处于被原料或/和滚轮的运动状态封闭，从而起着炉内压力封闭作用。受料桶2-10上端设置原料入口2-11，受料桶2-10下端设有燃料出口2-12。
煤秸混合滚轮挤压机也可以直接安装在炉具的上端使用，在此状态下传动轴2-8下端安装锥形盘2-5，受料桶2-10下部与炉具壳体2-13连接，锥形盘2-5位于炉具壳体2-13内，便于燃料均匀连续的落入炉膛内燃烧。
为了进一步增加煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料的硬度，可在第一圆形钢盘2-6下方的传动轴2-8上安装第二组滚压轮2-14，第二组滚压轮2-14为两个，分别安装在传动轴2-8两侧，在第二组滚压轮2-14下方的机壳2-9的内壁上安装第二圆形钢盘2-16，第二圆形钢盘2-16开设中心通孔，传动轴2-8穿过中心通孔，第二圆形钢盘2-16上均布第二柱形通孔2-15，第一钢盘2-6、第二钢盘2-16的高度均为4-9厘米，第一柱形通孔2-7、第二柱形通孔2-15的直径均为15-20毫米，达到了挤压出料的较佳状态。
煤秸混合柱体颗粒挤压机工作时，电机通过传动件带动传动轴2-8转动，进而带动滚轮转动，碎煤和秸杆柱体颗粒混合均匀后，由受料桶2-10上端的进料口送入受料桶2-10内，经过滚轮挤压后进入第一圆形钢盘2-6上的第一柱形通孔2-7内，形成煤秸混合柱体颗粒，煤秸混合柱体颗粒垂落后进入包装袋，或垂落后通过锥形盘2-5均匀分散落入与机壳2-10相连接的燃气发生炉内进行燃烧。
当需要增加煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃烧的硬度时，或增加安装在燃气发生炉上端使用的防漏气现象，经过第一组滚压轮2-9挤压后获得的煤秸混合柱体颗粒再经过第二组滚压轮2-14挤压，挤出柱体形煤秸混合颗粒。
煤秸混合柱体颗粒挤压机的伞齿轮与传动轴的结构为：传动轴2-8与第一伞齿轮2-18连接，第二伞齿轮2-19和第四伞齿轮2-20分别与第一伞齿轮2-18啮合，第三伞齿轮2-23分别与第二伞齿轮2-19和第四伞齿轮2-20啮合，第三伞齿轮2-23与第三传动轴2-22连接。这种结构可使滚轮转动速度均匀，并不产生打滑现象。
图中1-1是动力轴，1-2是动力箱，1-3是料筒，1-4是下料空间，2-1是动力轴，2-4是下料空间，2-17是传动轴套，2-21是驱动滚轮。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种柱体颗粒燃料，其特征在于：柱体颗粒燃料采用碎煤和秸杆柱体颗粒混合制成，碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0. 7，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料，其特征在于：碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.2-0.5。
  3. 利要求1所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括下述步骤：
    ①取碎煤备用；
    ②将秸杆粉碎；
    ③将粉碎的秸杆置入秸杆滚轮挤压机内挤压出秸杆柱体颗粒；
    ④按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒的重量比为1：0.15-0.7的比例，将碎煤与秸杆柱体颗粒混合均匀后置入煤秸混合滚轮挤压机内，挤出柱体颗粒燃料，柱体颗粒燃料的形状为实芯柱体。
  4. 权利要求3所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的秸杆滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：包括受料桶（1-10），受料桶（1-10）内垂直安装主轴（1-8），主轴（1-8）上安装两个滚轮（1-9），两个滚轮（1-9）分别均布在主轴（1-8）两侧，受料桶（1-10）内壁上安装钢盘（1-6），钢盘（1-6）上均布通孔（1-7），钢盘（1-6）位于滚轮（1-9）的下方，主轴（1-8）上安装切割刀（1-5），切割刀（1-5）为圆盘状，切割刀（1-5）位于钢盘（1-6）的下方，主轴（1-8）底端通过传动件由电机带动转动，受料桶（1-10）的一侧壁上开设出料口（1-11）。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的秸杆滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：钢盘（1-6）的高度H为4-9厘米，通孔（1-7）的直径为15-25毫米。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的煤秸混合滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：包括受料桶（2-10），受料桶（2-10）内垂直安装传动轴（2-8），传动轴（2-8）上端与动力传动箱（2-2）内传动件连接，传动轴（2-8）上安装第一组滚压轮（2-9），第一组滚压轮（2-9）为两个，分别安装在传动轴（2-8）两侧，传动轴（2-8）上安装圆形钢盘（2-6），圆形钢盘（2-6）位于第一组滚压轮（2-9）下方，圆形钢盘（2-6）上均布柱形通孔（2-7），受料桶（2-10）上端设置原料入口（2-11），受料桶（2-10）下端设有燃料出口（2-12）。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的煤秸混合滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：传动轴（2-8）下端安装锥形盘（2-5），受料桶（2-10）下部与炉具壳体（2-13）连接，锥形盘（2-5）位于炉具壳体（2-13）内。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的煤秸混合滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：在圆形钢盘（2-6）下方的传动轴（2-8）上安装第二组滚压轮（2-14），第二组滚压轮（2-14）为两个，分别安装在传动轴（2-8）两侧，在第二组滚压轮（2-14）下方的机壳（2-9）的内壁上安装第二圆形钢盘（2-16），第二圆形钢盘（2-16）开设中心通孔，传动轴（2-8）穿过中心通孔，第二圆形钢盘（2-16）上均布第二柱形通孔（2-15）。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种柱体颗粒燃料的制备方法中使用的煤秸混合滚轮挤压机，其特征在于：传动轴（2-8）与第一伞齿轮（2-18）连接，第二伞齿轮（2-19）和第四伞齿轮（2-20）分别与第一伞齿轮（2-18）啮合，第三伞齿轮（2-23）分别与第二伞齿轮（2-19）和第四伞齿轮（2-20）啮合，第三伞齿轮（2-23）与第三传动轴（2-22）连接。
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