WO2013102340A1 - 一种制备燃气的方法及其设备 - Google Patents

一种制备燃气的方法及其设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013102340A1
WO2013102340A1 PCT/CN2012/077193 CN2012077193W WO2013102340A1 WO 2013102340 A1 WO2013102340 A1 WO 2013102340A1 CN 2012077193 W CN2012077193 W CN 2012077193W WO 2013102340 A1 WO2013102340 A1 WO 2013102340A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
furnace
coal
fuel
transmission shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/077193
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔令增
Original Assignee
Kong Lingzeng
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kong Lingzeng filed Critical Kong Lingzeng
Publication of WO2013102340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013102340A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/08—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting without the aid of extraneous binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a gas, and is a method for preparing a gas and an apparatus thereof.
  • the gas used for gas turbine power generation requires a high calorific value and other indicators, the gas used in gas turbine power generation must be refined coal or coke.
  • the gas produced by this fuel is extremely expensive and cannot sustain the gas turbine. The normal operation of power generation. This is the main reason why the gas turbine power generation industry is almost out of operation.
  • the person skilled in the art provides various kinds of gas such as pressurized water gas, dry gas, steamed gas, straw fermentation and trans-alcohol, and is used as a gas turbine after being pressurized.
  • high-voltage electric tarching is required, and a huge dust removal system is required, so that the power generation cost cannot be reduced, and at the same time, the high pollution problem cannot be solved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing gas and a device thereof, which use column particles as fuel to replace lump coal or coke, and simultaneously introduce steam and air into the gas generator to prepare gas, so that the cleanliness of the gas
  • the heat value is high and can directly drive the gas turbine.
  • a method for preparing a gas comprising the following steps:
  • step 2 continuously feeding any of the fuels described in step 1 into the gas generator;
  • Air and steam are introduced into the gas generator as a gasifying agent, so that the temperature in the gas generator is maintained at 400-950 °C.
  • the column granule fuel is a mixed column granule fuel which is prepared by mixing crushed coal and lignite in a ratio of 1:0.2-0.4 by weight.
  • the ratio of air to steam introduced into the gas generator in step 3 is 1:0.15-0.5.
  • the method for continuously feeding the fuel into the gas generating furnace in the step 2 is: installing a roller extruder at the top of the gas generating furnace, sealingly connecting the roller extruder with the gas generating furnace, and mixing the raw materials of the fuel. Into the roller extruder, after being squeezed by the roller, it directly falls into the furnace of the gas generator to produce gas.
  • the gas generator comprises a furnace body, a roller extruder is installed on the upper end of the furnace body, and the roller extruder has a receiving barrel, and the receiving barrel is closely connected with the furnace body, and the receiving barrel is received.
  • the first transmission shaft is installed inside, and two rollers are mounted on the first transmission shaft. The two rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft, and a circular steel plate is mounted on the inner wall of the receiving barrel below the roller, and the circular steel plate is opened.
  • the upper end of the receiving barrel is provided with a feeding port and the lower end is open, the opening is located in the gas generating furnace, the furnace is installed at the lower end of the furnace body, the furnace is connected with the second transmission shaft, and the slag is installed at the bottom end of the furnace body.
  • a second driving shaft is provided with an air inlet hole, the air inlet hole is connected with the gas mixing tube, the gas mixing tube is respectively connected with the steam tube and the air tube, the second transmission shaft is provided with a power transmission member, and the power transmission member is connected with the motor.
  • the first transmission shaft transmits power to the two rollers through the bevel gears, and the extrusion grooves are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the roller.
  • the first transmission shaft is coupled to the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear are respectively meshed with the first bevel gear, and the third bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear, respectively, the third bevel gear and
  • the third drive shaft is connected.
  • the slag discharge pipe is connected with the slag discharge tank, and the screw shaft is installed in the slag discharge pipe.
  • the bottom of the furnace body of the gas generator is installed with a bottom ring and a furnace bottom plate.
  • a bushing is installed in the middle of the furnace bottom plate, and a second drive shaft is installed in the bushing.
  • the second drive shaft is connected to the scraping disc and the ash disc through the furnace bottom plate, and the scraping cutter disc
  • the upper part is the hearth.
  • the weight ratio of the crushed coal to the straw column particles in the coal straw mixed column fuel is 1:0.2-0.5.
  • the gas prepared by the method of the invention is mixed with air and steam as a gasifying agent to produce gas, and is tested:
  • the CO is 49%-60%
  • H2 is 25%-30%
  • CH4 is 10%-25%
  • CO2 ⁇ 1.5% O2 ⁇ 1.2%
  • the calorific value is 9500-17000 KJ/m3.
  • the fuel in the method of the invention directly enters the furnace cavity of the gas generator directly and continuously, and the air and steam are thoroughly mixed, and the generated gas has high cleanliness, and does not require a large dust removal and washing device while producing gas.
  • the fuel described in the method of the present invention replaces the fuel such as refined lump coal, coke or fuel oil in the existing gas generator technology, so that the broken coal becomes the main fuel for preparing the gas, and completely solves the problem that the gas used for power generation by the gas turbine is expensive. problem. Due to the abundant fuel resources and low cost of the crushed coal column particles, the cost of the prepared gas is greatly reduced, and the power generation cost of the gas turbine is greatly reduced, thereby providing environmental protection and energy saving feasibility for gas turbine power generation. Gas. In the method of the present invention, in addition to absorbing the heat released by the carbon monoxide reaction process and generating high-temperature carbon, the steam and the carbon itself can be reductively decomposed to release carbon monoxide and generate 25% of hydrogen, thereby increasing gas production.
  • the oxygen and steam in the air are mixed with the straw or starch in the fuel to decompose to produce a clean gas containing methane, ethane or methanol, and ethanol, which are all explosive gases, which are good for driving the gas turbine.
  • the straw or starch or lignite in the fuel used in the method of the present invention plays a catalytic gas transfer action in the gas generator, and the crushed coal is also simultaneously gasified in the furnace.
  • the method of the invention can maintain the temperature in the gas generator at 400 ° C - 950 ° C, and the generated gas can be directly used to promote the combined cycle power generation of the gas turbine or the gas turbine and the steam turbine, and save coal by more than 45% compared with the thermal power generation.
  • the preferred solution for continuously and continuously feeding the fuel into the gas generator is to install a roller extruder at the upper end of the gas generator to make the crushed coal and straw column particles or pulverized coal, water and starch or crushed.
  • Coal and lignite are directly extruded into a column of granular fuel by a roller extruder and sent to a gas generating furnace.
  • the density of the extruded pellet fuel can reach about 1000 kg/m3, and the generated gas does not need secondary pressurization. It is directly used to promote gas turbine power generation.
  • This method is one of the effective methods for gas turbine power generation to operate normally.
  • the air that is introduced into the gas furnace is preferably oxygen, oxygen and steam. The ratio is 1:0.2-0.6.
  • the air to steam ratio is 1:0.15-0.5.
  • the fuel used in the method has high hardness and good gas permeability, and the incorporated straw or starch can change. And increase the volatilization of various coals, which is more conducive to gasification, resulting in high gas production and high gas quality.
  • the coal straw mixed column pellet fuel described in the method of the invention can be installed in the back of the harvester when the straw is harvested, and the harvested straw is directly placed in the roller extrusion device.
  • Extrusion of straw column particles, the straw column particles are convenient for transportation, storage, and increase the hardness and density of the coal-sludge mixed column pellet fuel, and then the crushed coal and the straw column particles by weight
  • the ratio of 1:0.15-0.7 is evenly mixed into the roller extruder, and the roller group is connected in series or in three groups, and then compacted and extruded.
  • the hardness of the coal-sludge mixed-column pellet fuel is similar to that of the coal block, and its density is generally about 1000 kg/m3.
  • the coal powder in the pulverized coal and starch mixed column granule fuel is obtained by crushing coal, and the coal powder, water and starch are uniformly mixed in a ratio of weight ratio of 1:0.05-0.25:0.03-0.05, and then placed.
  • the roller is squeezed and pressed into the roller extruder.
  • the device with the invention has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and reasonable structure, and can directly crush the coal, straw and starch into a column of granular fuel, and continuously enters the gas generating furnace at the same time, and the roller extruder can
  • the gas-fired furnace shell is sealed and connected, thereby completely solving the problem that the gas-generating furnace needs to be pressurized and sealed into the furnace when it is operated under high pressure, and the fuel required for the gas-generating furnace is continuously and evenly input, and
  • the temperature and pressure in the furnace are kept constant, so that the fuel as a fuel for power generation can be stably input into the gas turbine.
  • the gas produced by this equipment can always maintain the temperature between 300 °C and 600 °C.
  • the lignite used in the pellet fuel of the present invention is a coal having high water content and low calorific value, and its application range is narrow due to its performance, and lignite is used as a raw material of the fuel of the present invention while reducing cost. It is also capable of producing gas, but its gas production is relatively low.
  • the column pellet fuel of the present invention can also be extruded by using crushed coal and water as raw materials, instead of the various column pellet fuels described above, the crushed coal is pulverized into pulverized coal during use, and the pulverized coal and The ratio of water is 1:0.05-0.25.
  • the cost of this alternative raw material is relatively higher than that of the coal-sludge mixed column pellet fuel and the column pellet fuel made of crushed coal and lignite, and the gas production is relatively reduced.
  • the fuel is driven by a roller extruder through 2-3 sets of rollers. Made by extrusion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a roller crushing device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gas generating furnace used in the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a portion I of FIG. 2
  • Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the top view
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the roller extruder.
  • a method of preparing a gas according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • step 2 continuously feeding any of the fuels described in step 1 into the gas generator;
  • Air and steam are introduced into the gas generator as a gasifying agent, so that the temperature in the gas generator is maintained at 400-950 °C.
  • the ratio of air to steam introduced into the gas generator in the step 3 of the present invention is 1:0.15-0.5.
  • the coal straw mixed column material raw material is crushed coal and straw column material, and the coal straw mixed column granular fuel is in a ratio of 1:0.15-0.7 by weight ratio of crushed coal to straw column material.
  • the weight ratio of the crushed coal to the straw column particles in the coal-sludge mixed column particle fuel is preferably 1:0.2-05.
  • the weight ratio of the crushed coal to the straw column particles may be 1:0.15, 1:0.7, 1:0.2, 1:0.5, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, and the like.
  • the pulverized coal and starch mixed column granule fuel is prepared by mixing pulverized coal, water and starch in a ratio of 1:0.05-0.25:0.03-0.05 by weight, for example: pulverized coal, water and starch by weight ratio 1 : 0.05-0.03, 1:0.25-0.05, 1:0.1-0.04, 1:0.2-0.05, etc.
  • the pulverized coal of the present invention pulverizes the crushed coal into a powder.
  • the column pellet fuel of the invention may also be a mixed column pellet fuel prepared by mixing crushed coal and lignite in a ratio of 1:0.2-0.4 by weight, and the crushed coal and lignite are placed before the roller extruder
  • the pulverized, crushed coal and brown coal may have a weight ratio of 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, etc., and any of the above ratios may be used to produce the column pellet fuel.
  • the fuel of the present invention can also be replaced by the column particles prepared by mixing pulverized coal and water, that is, the crushed coal is pulverized into powder, and then the ratio of the weight ratio of the pulverized coal to the water is 1:0.05-0.25. After being uniformly mixed, it is placed in a roller extruder and extruded into column particles. With this alternative column particle fuel, the content of methane and hydrogen in the gas produced by the method of the present invention is relatively reduced.
  • the gas pressure set in the gas generating furnace of the invention is 10-30 kg/cm2
  • the gas pressure generated is greater than the pressure required by the gas turbine, and the gas can directly enter the gas turbine, and the pressure also produces more methane production, thereby improving the gas calorific value.
  • the pressure commonly used in gas generators is 12-14 kg/cm2 or 25-30 kg/cm2.
  • the method for continuously feeding fuel into the gas generator in the method for preparing gas in the present invention is: installing a roller extruder at the top of the gas generator, and sealingly connecting the roller extruder with the gas generator.
  • the raw materials of the fuel are mixed and placed in a roller extruder, and after being squeezed by a roller, they are directly dropped into the furnace of the gas generator to produce gas.
  • This method can solve the problem of leakage of gas pressure in the furnace which is likely to occur when the fuel is continuously placed in the furnace.
  • the gas generator comprises a furnace body 11, and the upper end of the furnace body 11 is provided with a roller extruder, the roller extruder has a receiving barrel 10, the receiving barrel 10 and the furnace body 11 sealed connection, the first transmission shaft 8 is installed in the receiving barrel 10, two rollers 9 are mounted on the first transmission shaft 8, and the two rollers 9 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft 8, and the receiving barrel below the roller 9
  • a circular steel plate 6 is mounted on the inner wall of the inner wall, and a through hole 7 is formed in the circular steel plate 6.
  • the through hole 7 formed in the steel plate 6 is distributed on the track portion of the roller about the first transmission shaft 8, that is, the through hole 7 is always It is closed by the moving state of the raw material or/and the roller, thereby functioning as a pressure sealing in the furnace.
  • the upper end of the receiving barrel 10 is provided with a feeding port and the lower end is open, the opening is located in the gas generating furnace, the furnace body 18 is installed at the lower end of the furnace body 11, and the furnace shaft 18 is connected with the second transmission shaft 13, and the bottom end side of the furnace body 11
  • the slag discharge pipe 38 is installed, and the second transmission shaft 13 defines an air inlet hole 12, and the air inlet hole 12 communicates with the gas mixing pipe 17, and the gas mixing pipe 17 is connected to the steam pipe 15 and the air pipe 16, respectively, and the second transmission shaft 13
  • a power transmission member is mounted thereon, and the power transmission member is connected to the motor.
  • the furnace 18 of the present invention is composed of a plurality of layers of disks connected up and down, and the disk is gradually increased in diameter from top to bottom.
  • the furnace 18 is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel and is made of a special component. This structure facilitates slagging and facilitates the reduction of fuel accumulation and makes the fuel more flammable.
  • the gas generating furnace of the invention comprises a two-part structure: a part is a roller extruder installed at the top of the gas generating furnace, which can crush the raw material of the column granular fuel through a roller and extrude it into a column granular fuel, directly When it falls into the furnace for combustion, the column pellet fuel is distilled in the furnace at a high temperature of 400 ° C - 900 ° C.
  • the straw or starch with low fuel ignition point emits hydrogen and methane, which increases the calorific value of the gas.
  • the other part is composed of a gas generator furnace body and a transmission component, an intake mixing pipe and a slag discharging structure which are driven outside the bottom of the furnace body to drive the furnace.
  • the transmission component has a motor, and the motor drives the gear to rotate through the gearbox, and then the furnace shaft 18 is rotated by the second transmission shaft 13, so that the furnace ash is smoothly discharged into the ash tank 29 through the slag discharge pipe.
  • the slag discharge pipe 38 is connected to the slag discharge tank 29, and the screw shaft 45 is mounted in the slag discharge pipe 38. This structure facilitates timely discharge of ash during high pressure operation and maintains normal combustion of the fuel in the furnace while maintaining a constant temperature.
  • the first drive shaft 8 on the roller extruder can also transmit power to the two rollers 9 via a bevel gear.
  • the transmission structure can transmit power to the roller shaft when the first transmission shaft 8 rotates, so that the roller shaft strongly drives the roller 9 to rotate, thereby maintaining the stability of the power transmission and the uniformity of the rolling and pressing materials, so that the fuel further Maintain high hardness.
  • the extrusion groove 66 is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the roller 9, which can increase the contact area of the extruded material, thereby increasing the mixing uniformity.
  • the bevel gear and the transmission shaft of the roller extruder are configured such that the first transmission shaft 8 is coupled to the first bevel gear 62, and the second bevel gear 63 and the fourth bevel gear 48 are respectively meshed with the first bevel gear 62, and the third umbrella
  • the gear 64 meshes with the second bevel gear 63 and the fourth bevel gear 48, respectively, and the third bevel gear 64 is coupled to the third transmission shaft 67.
  • the fuel used in the method for preparing gas according to the present invention enters the gas generating furnace in two ways: one is to mix the coal straw mixed column pellet fuel or the coal starch mixed column particulate fuel through the gas generating furnace.
  • the feed port is directly fed into the furnace chamber; the other way is: a roller extruder is installed on the top of the gas generator, and the roller extruder is tightly connected with the gas generator, and the discharge port of the extruder is directly located Above the furnace chamber of the gas generator, the fuel squeezed by the roller extruder is directly and continuously falling into the gas generator in a closed state, and the feed rate can be adjusted according to the number of rotations and the quantity of the feed according to the needs.
  • the structure of the roller extruder is as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the roller extruder comprises a receiving barrel 10, and the first transmission shaft 8 is vertically installed in the receiving barrel 10, the upper end of the first transmission shaft 8 is connected with the transmission member in the power box 2, and the first transmission shaft 8 is mounted with the first group of rolling
  • the wheel 9, the first group of rolling wheels 9 are two, respectively installed on both sides of the transmission shaft 8, the first circular steel plate 6 is installed in the receiving barrel 10, and the first circular steel plate 6 is located in the first group of rolling Below the wheel 9, a first cylindrical through hole 7 is evenly distributed on the first circular steel disk 6, a raw material inlet 40 is disposed at the upper end of the receiving barrel 10, and a fuel outlet 63 is provided at the lower end of the receiving barrel 10.
  • the lower end of the first transmission shaft 8 is mounted with a conical disc 5, and the lower portion of the receiving barrel 10 is connected with the furnace body 11, and the conical disc 5 is located at the furnace body.
  • the fuel is conveniently and continuously dropped into the furnace for combustion.
  • the self-igniting layer formed by the fuel falling into the gas generating furnace is mainly divided into three layers.
  • the upper surface of the ash layer is 0.9-1.2 m thick, except that the bottom layer is 1.2-3 m thick explosion-proof and protective furnace ash.
  • the upper surface of the combustion layer is a self-igniting layer of fuel, which reduces the thousands of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion layer to carbon monoxide.
  • the vapor contacts the high-temperature hot carbon and absorbs catalytic decomposition to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, while maintaining the temperature in the furnace at 400-900.
  • °C, above the self-ignition layer is a 1.2-3 m thick preheating layer, these fuel layers can generate more methane and hydrogen in the furnace gas, can reduce the production of carbon dioxide and surplus oxygen, so that the gas reaches the invention Various indicators.
  • the gas generating furnace of the present invention is designed with a timely ash discharging structure.
  • the usual working capacity is generally more than 10 tons of fuel per hour. If the ash is not discharged in time, it will directly affect the quantity and quality of the gas produced in the furnace. For this reason, the present invention is in a gas generating furnace.
  • the bottom of the furnace body 11 is provided with a bottom ring 43 and a furnace bottom plate 21, and a sleeve 14 is installed in the middle of the furnace bottom plate 21.
  • a second transmission shaft 13 is mounted in the sleeve 14, and the second transmission shaft 13 is connected to the scraping disk 44 and the minute through the furnace bottom plate 21.
  • the ash tray 22, the upper portion of the squeegee blade 19, is a furnace 18.
  • the power drives the second transmission shaft 13 to rotate through the driving gear 42 and the driven gear 41, thereby driving the furnace 18, the scraping blade 19, and the scraping disc 44 to rotate.
  • the scraping blade 19 scrapes the slag into the slag.
  • the ash disc 22 falls into the hearth tray 21 through the first leak hole 36.
  • the slag disc 44 scrapes the slag into the second leak hole 37 of the hearth tray 21, and finally enters the screw shaft 45 through the feed port 38.
  • the ash is discharged into the ash tank 29.
  • the ash tank 29 is filled with water through the water pipe 33 and mixed with the ash, and then is grounded by the spiral agitating wheel 28, the bottom plate 27 is installed at the bottom of the ash tank 29, and the third rotating shaft 24 is mounted on the bottom plate 27, and the third rotating shaft 24 is installed.
  • the centrifugal impeller 23 is mounted on the third rotating shaft 24. When the centrifugal impeller 23 rotates rapidly, the mortar is pressed into the outlet 25, and the slurry is fed into the separation tank through the slurry pipe 26.
  • the overall system structure of the above-mentioned ash discharging slag has stable performance, long service life, safety and reliability.
  • the eccentric distance between the center line of the second transmission shaft 13 of the gas generator and the center line of the furnace 18 of the present invention is 100-200 mm, which enables the mixed vapor to enter the furnace 18 to rapidly disperse through the 1.2-3 m.
  • the amount of gas produced by the gas generator depends on the working pressure in the furnace, the oxygen supplied or the air.
  • the diameter of the gas generator is 3.8 meters, and the working pressure in the furnace is 12-30.
  • the straw and the starch with low ignition point of the fuel first volatilize hydrogen and methane to increase the calorific value in the gas to achieve the purpose of promoting the gas turbine.
  • the column pellet fuel of the present invention generally has a diameter of 12-20 mm and a length of generally 30-100 mm.
  • the roller extruder installed at the upper end of the gas generator according to the present invention avoids the use of a steel.
  • the high-pressure gas in the furnace penetrates through a through hole in the steel plate to generate air leakage, or in order to increase the hardness of the fuel, one, two or three sets of rollers and steel plates are installed on the first transmission shaft 8.
  • the structure that is, a series, two or three sets of structures identical to the roller steel plates.
  • the diameter of the roller is generally 400-900mm, the power is 500-2000KW, and the output rate is 10-30 tons/h.
  • the mixed gas of the present invention has an oxygen consumption power of 0.37 kwh/m3, a ratio of the amount of oxygen supplied to the produced gas is 1:5, and the oxygen power consumed by the gas is ⁇ 0.1 kwh/m3.
  • 1 is a transmission shaft
  • 3 is a lower casing
  • the lower casing 3 can be designed as an integral structure with the receiving bucket 10, or can be designed as a separate structure, and is designed to be a separate structure for easy installation of steel.
  • 4 is the blanking cavity
  • 20 is the alloy cut ash sulfur slag knife
  • 30 is the power shaft
  • 31 is the support frame
  • 32 is the reinforcing rib
  • 33 is the high pressure water pipe
  • 34 is the bearing
  • 35 is the water jacket
  • 39 is the bearing
  • 49 is a roller shaft
  • 50 is a taper wire at one end of the roller shaft
  • the roller shaft 49 is lockedly connected with the roller 9 through a taper wire 50
  • 51 is a bearing
  • 52 is a gland
  • 53 is a bushing
  • 54 is a adjusting pressure nut
  • 55 It is a bearing frame
  • 56 is a push bearing
  • 57 is an asbestos packing gland
  • 58 is a bearing frame
  • 59 is a bushing
  • 60 is a bearing
  • 61 is a sealed asbestos packing.

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Abstract

一种制备燃气的方法，包括下述步骤：①制备柱体颗粒燃料：取碎煤与秸秆柱体颗粒原料挤压制成煤秸混合柱体颗粒，或取煤粉、水和淀粉原料挤压制成煤淀粉混合柱体颗粒，或取碎煤和褐煤挤压制成混合柱体颗粒；②将步骤①中燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内；③向燃气发生炉内通入空气和蒸汽作为气化剂。还提供一种在制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，所述发生炉包括炉体（11），炉体（11）上端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机有一个受料桶（10），受料桶（10）与炉体（11）密闭连接，炉体（11）下端安装炉篦（18），炉篦（18）与第二传动轴（13）连接，第二传动轴（13）上安装动力传动件，动力传动件与电机连接。通过采用柱体颗粒为燃料，替代块煤或焦炭，并同时向燃气发生炉内通入蒸汽和空气制备燃气，使燃气的洁净度、热值高，能够直接推动燃气轮机运转。

Description

一种制备燃气的方法及其设备
技术领域
本发明涉及燃气的制备方法，是一种制备燃气的方法及其设备。
背景技术
由于燃气轮机发电使用的燃气，需要较高的热值等多种指标，所以目前燃气轮机发电使用的燃气，其燃料必须是精块煤或焦炭，用这种燃料生产的燃气成本极高，无法维持燃气轮机发电的正常运转。这就是燃气轮机发电行业几乎处于停止运行的主要原因。为此，本领域技术人员提供了加压水煤气、干熘煤气、水蒸煤气、秸杆酵化及转醇等多种燃气，经过增压后为燃气轮机使用。但是，这些燃气在使用过程中，需要用高压电捕焦油，并需要庞大的除尘系统等，使发电成本仍然无法降低，同时，仍然无法解决高污染问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种制备燃气的方法及其设备，采用柱体颗粒为燃料，替代块煤或焦炭，并同时向燃气发生炉内通入蒸汽和空气制备燃气，使燃气的洁净度、热值高，能够直接推动燃气轮机运转。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：一种制备燃气的方法，包括下述步骤：
①制备柱体颗粒燃料：取碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料原料，按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.15-0.7的比例挤压制成煤秸混合柱体颗粒，或取煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.25：0.03-0.05的比例混合后挤压制成煤淀粉混合柱体颗粒；
②将步骤①中所述的任一种燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内；
③向燃气发生炉内通入空气和蒸汽作为气化剂，使燃气发生炉内温度保持在400-950℃。
所述柱体颗粒燃料是碎煤和褐煤按重量比1:0.2—0.4的比例混合后挤压制成的混合柱体颗粒燃料。步骤③中所述的向燃气发生炉内通入的空气与蒸汽的配比为1：0.15-0.5。步骤②中所述的将燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内的方法是：在燃气发生炉的顶端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机与燃气发生炉间密闭连接，将燃料的原料混合后置入滚轮挤压机内，经过滚轮挤压后直接落入燃气发生炉的炉膛内产出燃气。
所述的制备燃气的方法中使用的设备，燃气发生炉包括炉体，炉体上端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机有一个受料桶，受料桶与炉体密闭连接，受料桶内安装第一传动轴，第一传动轴上安装两个滚轮，两个滚轮对称分布在第一传动轴两侧，滚轮下方的受料桶内壁上安装圆形钢盘，圆形钢盘上开设通孔，受料桶上端设置进料口、下端为敞口，敞口位于燃气发生炉内，炉体下端安装炉篦，炉篦与第二传动轴连接，炉体底端一侧安装排渣管，第二传动轴内开设进气孔，进气孔与气体混合管相通，气体混合管上分别与蒸汽管和空气管连接，第二传动轴上安装动力传动件，动力传动件与电机连接。第一传动轴通过伞齿轮将动力分别传递给两个滚轮，滚轮外表面上均匀分布挤压槽。第一传动轴与第一伞齿轮连接，第二伞齿轮和第四伞齿轮分别与第一伞齿轮啮合，第三伞齿轮分别与第二伞齿轮和第四伞齿轮啮合，第三伞齿轮与第三传动轴连接。排渣管与排渣罐连接，排渣管内安装螺旋轴。燃气发生炉炉体底部安装炉底圈、炉底盘，炉底盘中部安装轴套，轴套内安装第二传动轴，第二传动轴通过炉底盘连接刮灰盘和分灰盘，刮灰刀盘上部是炉篦。所述的一种制备燃气的方法，煤秸混合柱体颗料燃料中碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.2-0.5。
用本发明的方法制备的燃气，用空气、蒸汽混合作气化剂产出气体，经检测： CO为49%-60%、H2为25%-30%、CH4为10%-25%、CO2<1.5%、O2<1.2%，发热值为9500-17000KJ/m3。本发明方法中的燃料直接连续不间断的进入燃气发生炉的炉腔内，同时通入空气和蒸汽充分混合，产生的燃气洁净度高，并在生产燃气的同时不需要大型除尘、洗涤装置。本发明方法中所述的燃料替代了现有燃气发生炉技术中的精块煤、焦炭或燃油等燃料，使碎煤成为制备燃气的主要燃料，彻底解决了用燃气轮机发电采用的燃气成本昂贵的难题。由于以碎煤柱体颗粒为主的燃料资源充足、成本较低，进而使制备的燃气的成本大幅降低，并进而大幅降低了燃气轮机的发电成本，为燃气轮机发电提供了环保、节能的可实施性燃气。本发明所述的方法中，通入的蒸汽除了吸收一氧化碳反应过程释放出的热量和产生高温碳以外，蒸汽与碳本身还能还原分解释放出一氧化碳和多产生25%氢气，从而增加了燃气产量，并解决一氧化碳反应过程损失能量转换成有效能量25%。空气中的氧气和蒸汽与燃料中的秸杆或淀粉混合后分解产生含有甲烷、乙烷或甲醇、乙醇的洁净气体，这些气体都是爆燃气体，利于推动燃气轮机。本发明方法中使用的燃料中的秸杆或淀粉或褐煤在燃气发生炉内起着催化转气作用，碎煤也在炉内同步气化。本发明的方法能使燃气发生炉内的温度保持在400℃-950℃，产生的燃气可直接用于推动燃气轮机、或燃气轮机与蒸汽轮机联合循环发电，与火力发电相比节省煤炭45%以上。
本发明方法中将燃料连续不间断送入燃气发生炉内的优选方案是在燃气发生炉的上端安装滚轮挤压机，可使碎煤和秸杆柱体颗粒或煤粉、水和淀粉或碎煤、褐煤通过滚轮挤压机直接挤压成柱体颗料燃料送入燃气发生炉，挤压制成的柱体颗粒燃料的密度可达到1000kg/m3左右，产生的燃气不需要二次加压直接用于推动燃气轮机发电，这种方法是目前燃气轮机发电能够正常运行的有效方法之一；本发明所述的方法中，向燃气炉内通入的空气，最好是氧气，氧气与蒸汽的配比为1：0.2-0.6，以空气替代氧气时，空气与蒸汽配比为1：0.15-0.5，所述方法中使用的燃料硬度高、气体穿透性好，掺入的秸秆或淀粉能够改变并增加各种煤炭的挥发，更利于气化，使燃气产量高、燃气质量高。
本发明方法中所述的煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料，在秸杆收割时，可将滚轮挤压装置安装在收割机后面，直接将收割后切碎的秸杆置入滚轮挤压装置内，挤压出秸杆柱体颗粒，这种秸杆柱体颗粒便于运输、储存，并可增加煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料的硬度和密度，再将碎煤和这种秸杆柱体颗粒按重量比1：0.15-0.7的比例混合均匀置入滚轮挤压机中经过滚轮组串联二组或三组等多次碾压及挤压制成，即成为煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料。煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料的硬度与煤块相近似，其密度一般为1000kg/m3左右。所述的煤粉、淀粉混合柱体颗粒燃料中的煤粉是采用碎煤粉碎后得到的，煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.25：0.03-0.05的比例混合均匀后，置入滚轮挤压机内经过滚轮碾压并挤压制成。
本发明所述的设备制造成本低廉，结构合理，能使碎煤、秸杆、淀粉混合后直接挤压成柱体颗粒燃料，并同时连续不断的进入燃气发生炉内，滚轮挤压机能够与燃气发生炉壳体间密封连接，从而彻底解决了燃气发生炉需要在高压下运行时，燃料输送入炉内压力密封的难题，它实现了燃气发生炉所需的燃料连续不断匀速投入，并能保持发生炉内温度和压力的恒定，使燃气做为发电的燃料能够稳定的输入燃气轮机内。采用该设备生产的燃气能够始终保持温度在300℃-600℃之间。
本发明所述的柱体颗粒燃料中使用的褐煤是一种含水量高、热值低的煤炭，由于其性能所决定其应用范围较窄，用褐煤作为本发明燃料的原料在降低成本的同时，同样能够生产出燃气，但是其燃气的产量相对降低。
本发明所述的柱体颗粒燃料还可以采用碎煤和水为原料挤压制成，替代上述所述的各种柱体颗粒燃料，碎煤在使用时将其粉碎成煤粉，煤粉与水的比例为1：0.05-0.25。这种替代原料其成本较煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料和碎煤、褐煤制成的柱体颗粒燃料成本相对较高，燃气产量相对降低，这种燃料采用滚轮挤压机经过2-3组滚轮挤压制成。
附图说明
附图1是本发明中所述的滚轮挤压装置结构示意图；附图2是本发明方法中使用的燃气发生炉结构示意图；附图3是附图2中I部放大结构示意图；附图4是附图3的俯视结构示意图；附图5是滚轮挤压机的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的一种制备燃气的方法，包括下述步骤：
①制备柱体颗粒燃料：取碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料原料，按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.15-0.7的比例挤压制成煤秸混合柱体颗粒，或取煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.25：0.03-0.05的比例混合后挤压制成煤淀粉混合柱体颗粒；
②将步骤①中所述的任一种燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内；
③向燃气发生炉内通入空气和蒸汽作为气化剂，使燃气发生炉内温度保持在400-950℃。
本发明步骤③中所述的向燃气发生炉内通入的空气与蒸汽的配比为1：0.15-0.5。所述的煤秸混合柱体颗料原料是碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料，煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料是按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.15-0.7的比例挤压制成，煤秸混合柱体颗料燃料中碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比优选的方案1：0.2-05。当秸杆柱体颗粒加入量较少、碎煤较多时，燃料的成本相对较高，但是，燃料在燃烧时的气化效果相对较低。当秸杆柱体颗粒加入量较多、碎煤加入量较少时，燃料的生产成本相对较低。碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比可以是1：0.15、1：0.7、1：0.2、1：0.5、1：0.3、1：0.4等。煤粉、淀粉混合柱体颗粒燃料是采用煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.25：0.03-0.05的比例混合后挤压制成，例如：煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.03、1：0.25-0.05、1：0.1-0.04、1：0.2-0.05等，本发明所述的煤粉是将碎煤粉碎成粉状。本发明所述柱体颗粒燃料还可以是碎煤和褐煤按重量比1:0.2—0.4的比例混合后挤压制成的混合柱体颗粒燃料，碎煤和褐煤在置入滚轮挤压机前，先将其粉碎，碎煤和褐煤的重量比可以是：1：0.2、1：0.4、1：0.3、1：0.35等，上述任一比例均可制成所述的柱体颗粒燃料。本发明所述的燃料也可采用煤粉与水混合后制成的柱体颗粒替代，即：将碎煤粉碎成粉状，然后按煤粉与水的重量比1：0.05-0.25的比例，混合均匀后，置入滚轮挤压机内挤压成柱体颗粒，用这种替代的柱体颗粒燃料，采用本发明方法制成的燃气中的甲烷和氢气的含量相对减少。
本发明燃气发生炉内设定的气压为10-30kg/cm2时，产生的气体压力大于燃气轮机需要的压力，燃气即可直接进入燃气轮机，同时压力也制造了更多甲烷产生，提高了燃气热值。燃气发生炉内常用压力为12-14kg/cm2或25-30kg/cm2。
本发明制备燃气的方法中步骤②中所述的将燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内的方法是：在燃气发生炉的顶端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机与燃气发生炉间密闭连接，将燃料的原料混合后置入滚轮挤压机内，经过滚轮挤压后直接落入燃气发生炉的炉膛内产出燃气。这种方式能够解决向炉内连续置入燃料时，易出现的炉内气压泄漏的难题。
本发明所述的制备燃气的方法中使用的设备，燃气发生炉包括炉体11，炉体11上端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机有一个受料桶10，受料桶10与炉体11密闭连接，受料桶10内安装第一传动轴8，第一传动轴8上安装两个滚轮9，两个滚轮9对称分布在第一传动轴8两侧，滚轮9下方的受料桶10内壁上安装圆形钢盘6，圆形钢盘6上开设通孔7，钢盘6上开设的通孔7分布在滚轮绕第一传动轴8转动的轨迹部位，即：通孔7始终处于被原料或/和滚轮的运动状态封闭，从而起着炉内压力封闭作用。受料桶10上端设置进料口、下端为敞口，敞口位于燃气发生炉内，炉体11下端安装炉篦18，炉篦18与第二传动轴13连接，炉体11底端一侧安装排渣管38，第二传动轴13内开设进气孔12，进气孔12与气体混合管17相通，气体混合管17上分别与蒸汽管15和空气管16连接，第二传动轴13上安装动力传动件，动力传动件与电机连接。
本发明所述的炉篦18由多层圆盘上下连接构成，圆盘由上至下直径逐渐增大。这种炉篦18由耐高温不锈钢制做成专用构件，这种结构便于排渣，并便于减少燃料堆积，使燃料更便于燃烧。
本发明所述燃气发生炉包括两部分结构：一部分是安装在燃气发生炉顶端的滚轮挤压机，它可将柱体颗粒燃料的原料经过滚轮碾压并挤压加工成柱体颗粒燃料，直接落入炉内燃烧，柱体颗粒燃料在炉内400℃-900℃的高温状态下被蒸馏，燃料中燃点低的秸杆或淀粉挥发放出氢气、甲烷，增加了燃气的发热值。另一部分由燃气发生炉炉体及安装在炉体底部外面的带动炉篦转动的传动部件、进气混合管及排渣结构组成。传动部件有电机，电机通过变速箱带动齿轮转动，进而通过第二传动轴13带动炉篦18转动，使炉灰顺利通过排渣管排入灰渣罐29内。排渣管38与排渣罐29连接，排渣管38内安装螺旋轴45。这种结构便于高压力运转时灰渣及时排出，并使炉内燃料保持正常燃烧，并保持温度恒定。
滚轮挤压机上的第一传动轴8还可以通过伞齿轮将动力分别传递给两个滚轮9。这种传动结构可使第一传动轴8转动时将动力传递给滚轮轴，使滚轮轴强力驱动滚轮9转动，从而保持动力传动的稳定性及碾压和挤压原料的均匀性，使燃料进一步保持较高的硬度。滚轮9外表面上均匀分布挤压槽66，可以增加挤压原料的接触面积，进而增加混合均匀性。
滚轮挤压机的伞齿轮与传动轴的结构为：第一传动轴8与第一伞齿轮62连接，第二伞齿轮63和第四伞齿轮48分别与第一伞齿轮62啮合，第三伞齿轮64分别与第二伞齿轮63和第四伞齿轮48啮合，第三伞齿轮64与第三传动轴67连接。
本发明所述的制备燃气的方法中使用的燃料进入燃气发生炉内有两种方式：一种是将煤秸混合柱体颗粒燃料、或煤淀粉混合柱体颗粒燃料通过燃气发生炉上开设的进料口直接送入炉腔内；另一种方式是：在燃气发生炉的顶部安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机与燃气发生炉间密闭连接，该挤压机的出料口直接位于燃气发生炉的炉腔上方，由滚轮挤压机挤压出的燃料处在密闭的直接连续不断的落入燃气发生炉内，其进料速度可根据需要通过电机转数、供料数量调节，滚轮挤压机的结构如附图5所示。滚轮挤压机包括受料桶10，受料桶10内垂直安装第一传动轴8，第一传动轴8上端与动力箱2内传动件连接，第一传动轴8上安装第一组滚压轮9，第一组滚压轮9为两个，分别安装在传动轴8两侧，受料桶10内安装第一圆形钢盘6，第一圆形钢盘6位于第一组滚压轮9下方，第一圆形钢盘6上均布第一柱形通孔7，受料桶10上端设置原料入口40，受料桶10下端设有燃料出口63。
当滚轮挤压机直接安装在燃气发生炉的上端使用时，在此状态下第一传动轴8下端安装锥形盘5，受料桶10下部与炉体11连接，锥形盘5位于炉体11内，便于燃料均匀连续的落入炉膛内燃烧。落入燃气发生炉内燃料形成的自燃层，主要分三层，除底层为1.2-3米厚的防爆、保护炉篦灰渣外，灰渣层上表面是0.9-1.2米厚的燃烧层，燃烧层上表面是燃料自燃层，该层将燃烧层产生的上千度二氧化碳还原成一氧化碳，蒸汽接触高温热碳后吸收催化分解产生氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷，并同时保持炉内温度为400-900℃，自燃层上面是1.2-3米厚的预热层，这些燃料层可使炉内燃气中产生更多的甲烷和氢气，能够降低二氧化碳和富余氧气的产生，使燃气达到本发明所述的各项指标。
本发明所述的燃气发生炉设计了及时排灰渣结构。由于燃气发生炉工作时，通常的工作能力一般为每小时消耗高于10吨燃料，灰渣如果不能及时排出，将直接影响炉内生产燃气的数量和质量，为此，本发明在燃气发生炉炉体11底部安装炉底圈43、炉底盘21，炉底盘21中部安装轴套14，轴套14内安装第二传动轴13，第二传动轴13通过炉底盘21连接刮灰盘44和分灰盘22，刮灰刀盘19上部是炉篦18。动力通过主动齿轮42和从动齿轮41带动第二传动轴13转动，进而带动炉篦18、刮灰刀盘19、刮灰盘44转动，在转动过程中，刮灰刀盘19将炉渣刮入分灰盘22内，通过第一漏孔36落入炉底盘21上，同时，刮灰盘44将炉渣刮入炉底盘21的第二漏孔37，最后通过输料口38进入螺旋轴45，将灰渣排入灰渣罐29内。灰渣罐29内通过水管33将水打入后与灰渣混合，然后由螺旋搅拌轮28打成灰浆，灰渣罐29底部安装底板27，底板27上安装第三转轴24，第三转轴24与搅拌轮28连接，离心叶轮23安装在第三转轴24上，当离心叶轮23快速旋转时，将灰浆压入出口25，经过输浆管26将灰浆输入分离池。上述排灰渣的整体系统结构性能稳定，使用寿命长，安全可靠。
本发明所述的燃气发生炉第二传动轴13的中心线与炉篦18的中心线间的偏心距为100-200毫米，能使混合汽体进入炉篦18快速分散穿越1.2-3米的灰渣厚层46。燃气发生炉产生的燃气量取决于：炉内的工作压力、通入的氧气还是空气等工作参数。以燃气发生炉的直径为3.8米，炉内工作压力为12-30 kg/cm2为例，当通入的氧气压力为12-15 kg/cm2，产出的燃气量为1200-3000m3/ m2h；当通入的氧气压力为25-30 kg/cm2时，产出燃气的量为3000-5000 m3/ m2h；当通入的空气压力为8-10 kg/cm2时，产出的燃气量为400-700 m3/ m2h。
本发明制备燃气的方法中使用的燃料，在自燃层阶段时，燃料中燃点低的秸杆、淀粉先挥发放出氢气、甲烷，以增加燃气中的发热值，以达到推动燃气轮机的目的。
本发明所述的柱体颗粒燃料，直径一般为12-20毫米，长度一般为30-100毫米为适宜，本发明所述的在燃气发生炉上端安装的滚轮挤压机，为了避免使用一个钢盘时，炉内的高压燃气冲穿钢盘上的某个通孔产生漏气，或为了增加燃料的硬度，在第一传动轴8上再安装一组、二组或三组滚轮、钢盘结构，即：再串联一组、二组或三组与滚轮钢盘完全相同的结构。滚轮直径一般为400—900mm，功率500—2000KW，产出率10—30吨/h。
本发明所述的混合气体的氧气消耗功率为0.37kwh/m3，通入的氧气量与生产的燃气的比为1：5，燃气消耗的氧气功率<0.1 kwh/m3。
图中1是传动轴，3是下料箱壳体，下料箱壳体3可以与受料桶10设计为一体结构，也可以设计为分体结构，设计为分体结构时，便于安装钢盘6、切割刀5等部件。4是下料空腔，20是合金切灰硫渣刀，30是动力轴，31是支撑架，32是加强筋，33是高压水管，34是轴承，35是夹水套，39是轴承，49是滚轮轴，50是滚轮轴一端的锥丝，滚轮轴49通过锥丝50与滚轮9锁紧式连接，51是轴承，52是压盖，53是轴套，54是调整压力螺母，55是轴承架，56是推动轴承，57是石棉盘根压盖，58是轴承架，59是轴套，60是轴承，61是密封石棉盘根。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种制备燃气的方法，其特征在于：包括下述步骤：
    ①制备柱体颗粒燃料：取碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料原料，按碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.15-0.7的比例挤压制成煤秸混合柱体颗粒，或取煤粉、水和淀粉按重量比1：0.05-0.25：0.03-0.05的比例混合后挤压制成煤淀粉混合柱体颗粒,或取碎煤和褐煤按重量比1:0.2—0.4的比例混合后挤压制成的混合柱体颗粒燃料；
    ②将步骤①中所述的任一种燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内；
    ③向燃气发生炉内通入空气和蒸汽作为气化剂，使燃气发生炉内温度保持在400-950℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备燃气的方法，其特征在于：步骤③中所述的向燃气发生炉内通入的空气与蒸汽的配比为1：0.15-0.5。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备燃气的方法，其特征在于：步骤②中所述的将燃料连续送入燃气发生炉内的方法是：在燃气发生炉的顶端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机与燃气发生炉间密闭连接，将燃料的原料混合后置入滚轮挤压机内，经过滚轮挤压后直接落入燃气发生炉的炉膛内产出燃气。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备燃气的方法，其特征在于：煤秸混合柱体颗料燃料中碎煤与秸杆柱体颗料的重量比1：0.2-0.5。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4所述的任一种制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，其特征在于：包括炉体（11），炉体（11）上端安装滚轮挤压机，滚轮挤压机有一个受料桶（10），受料桶（10）与炉体（11）密闭连接，受料桶（10）内安装第一传动轴（8），第一传动轴（8）上安装两个滚轮（9），两个滚轮（9）对称分布在第一传动轴（8）两侧，滚轮（9）下方的受料桶（10）内壁上安装圆形钢盘（6），圆形钢盘(6)上开设通孔(7)，受料桶(10)上端设置进料口、下端为敞口，敞口位于燃气发生炉内，炉体(11)下端安装炉篦(18)，炉篦(18)与第二传动轴(13)连接，炉体(11)底端一侧安装排渣管(38)，第二传动轴(13)内开设进气孔(12)，进气孔(12)与气体混合管(17)相通，气体混合管(17)上分别与蒸汽管(15)和空气管(16)连接，第二传动轴(13)上安装动力传动件，动力传动件与电机连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，其特征在于：第一传动轴(8)通过伞齿轮将动力分别传递给两个滚轮(9)，滚轮(9)外表面上均匀分布挤压槽(66)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，其特征在于：第一传动轴(8)与第一伞齿轮（62）连接，第二伞齿轮（63）和第四伞齿轮（65）分别与第一伞齿轮（62）啮合，第三伞齿轮（64）分别与第二伞齿轮（63）和第四伞齿轮（65）啮合，第三伞齿轮（64）与第三传动轴（67）连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，其特征在于：排渣管（38）与排渣罐（29）连接，排渣管（38）内安装螺旋轴（45）。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制备燃气的方法中使用的燃气发生炉，其特征在于：燃气发生炉炉体（1）底部安装炉底圈（43）、炉底盘（21），炉底盘（21）中部安装轴套（14），轴套（14）内安装第二传动轴（13），第二传动轴（13）通过炉底盘（21）连接刮灰盘（44）和分灰盘（22），刮灰刀盘（19）上部是炉篦（18）。
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