WO2013088645A1 - 微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 - Google Patents
微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013088645A1 WO2013088645A1 PCT/JP2012/007419 JP2012007419W WO2013088645A1 WO 2013088645 A1 WO2013088645 A1 WO 2013088645A1 JP 2012007419 W JP2012007419 W JP 2012007419W WO 2013088645 A1 WO2013088645 A1 WO 2013088645A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- movable
- electrode
- electret
- micro electromechanical
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/06—Influence generators
- H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a micro electromechanical generator and an electric device using the same.
- the present invention relates to a micro electromechanical generator that is an electrostatic vibration generator that generates electric power using vibrations existing in the environment, and an electric device using the same.
- Microelectromechanical elements are applied in many fields such as radio, light, acceleration sensor, biotechnology, and power.
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
- an environmental power generator Energy Harvester
- This environmental power generator is applied to, for example, a power source of a low-power radio device, and can realize a small electric device such as a wireless sensor network that does not require a power cable or a battery.
- the environmental power generator can be reduced in size.
- the vibration type generator includes a piezoelectric type, an electromagnetic type, and an electrostatic type.
- the electrostatic vibration generator does not require a piezoelectric material and a magnetic material, and has an advantage that it can be manufactured by a simple manufacturing method.
- the electrostatic vibration generator includes an electret electret and an opposing electrode so that when the weight vibrates due to a force applied from the external environment, the opposing area of the electret and the electrode changes. Composed.
- the electrostatic vibration generator uses the change in capacitance accompanying the change in the facing area between the electret and the electrode to repeatedly generate the maximum value and the minimum value of the capacitance. It is an environmental power generator that realizes power generation by power supply and discharge. So far, various electrostatic vibration generators have been proposed.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration power generator described in Patent Document 1.
- an electret film 91 is formed on the surface of a fixed electrode 90 made of silicon.
- a movable electrode 93 is formed on the surface of the movable substrate 92 disposed so as to face the fixed electrode 90 so as to face the electret film 91.
- membrane 91 is patterned in the comb-tooth shape.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another vibration power generator described in Patent Document 1.
- an electret film 5 made of an organic material such as PTFE or a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of the fixed electrode 4 made of silicon.
- a comb-like conductive layer 6 is formed on the upper surface of the electret film 5.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a vibrating body (conductor) is provided at a position facing an unpatterned electret, and patterning is performed by exciting electric charges on the vibrating body (conductor) having a comb-like pattern. A configuration for generating a generated electric field is described. However, it has been found that there is a problem that the power generation efficiency is lowered because the charge of the vibrator (conductor) is used instead of directly using the charge of the electret.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic vibration generator in which an increase in power generation and an improvement in reliability are realized as a micro electromechanical generator.
- a microelectromechanical generator has a first substrate on which electret films formed by holding electric charges on a surface and continuously connected are arranged, A second substrate having a collecting electrode disposed on a surface facing the electret film; A conductive movable substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and supported to be movable in a predetermined direction with respect to the first substrate and the second substrate; With The movable substrate has an opening that penetrates from the first substrate side toward the second substrate side and passes an electric field radiated from the electret film, The movement of the movable substrate causes the presence or absence of an electric field radiated from the opening to the current collecting electrode, and the presence or absence of the electric field excites or discharges the current to the current collecting electrode. To do.
- the microelectromechanical generator according to the present invention since the movement of electric charges from the electret can be suppressed, a decrease in the potential of the electret over time can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both an increase in the amount of power generation and an improvement in reliability. Furthermore, it is possible to realize an electric device using this micro electromechanical generator as a power source.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to a first embodiment.
- 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to a first embodiment.
- 4 is a plan view showing the arrangement of first electrodes in the micro electromechanical generator according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration of a movable substrate in the micro electromechanical generator according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the micro electromechanical generator according to the first embodiment.
- 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a micro electromechanical generator according to a second embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the conventional micro electromechanical generator. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional microelectromechanical generator.
- the micro electromechanical generator includes a first substrate on which an electret film formed by continuously holding charges on a surface and continuously connected is disposed, A second substrate having a collecting electrode disposed on a surface facing the electret film; A conductive movable substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and supported to be movable in a predetermined direction with respect to the first substrate and the second substrate; With The movable substrate has an opening that penetrates from the first substrate side toward the second substrate side and passes an electric field radiated from the electret film, The movement of the movable substrate causes the presence or absence of an electric field radiated from the opening to the current collecting electrode, and the presence or absence of the electric field excites or discharges the current to the current collecting electrode. To do.
- the micro electromechanical generator according to the second aspect may be supported so that the movable substrate can vibrate in the predetermined direction in the first aspect.
- the microelectromechanical generator according to a third aspect is the opening of the movable substrate in the first or second aspect, wherein the movable substrate is in the course of movement of the electret film and the collector electrode.
- the overlapping area via the part may be movably supported with respect to the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the opening of the movable substrate may be patterned.
- the current collecting electrode of the second substrate may be patterned.
- the micro electromechanical power generator according to a sixth aspect is any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the current collecting electrode is patterned with a first period in the predetermined direction, The opening is patterned with a second period in the predetermined direction; The first period and the second period have an integer multiple relationship, and the current collecting electrode and the opening may be patterned with a period that can be synchronized with each other.
- the micro electromechanical generator according to a seventh aspect is any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the current collecting electrode is patterned in a periodic pattern in the predetermined direction, The opening may be patterned with the same period as the periodic pattern in the predetermined direction.
- the movable substrate may be grounded.
- a microelectromechanical generator includes, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, a guard electrode disposed between each of the patterned collector electrodes and grounded. May be.
- the electric device may include the micro electromechanical generator according to any one of the first to ninth aspects as a power source.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views illustrating the configuration of the microelectromechanical generator 100 according to the present embodiment.
- 1 and FIG. 2 includes a lower substrate 111 as a first substrate, an upper substrate 109 as a second substrate, a movable substrate 110, a spring 201 as an elastic structure, and a fixed structure 108. It comprises.
- the upper surface of the lower substrate 111 and the lower surface of the upper substrate 109 face each other. Therefore, in this power generator 100, the upper surface of the lower substrate 111 and the lower surface of the upper substrate 109 correspond to the first substrate surface and the second substrate surface, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the first electrodes 102.
- a plurality of first electrodes 102 patterned as shown in FIG. 3 are provided on the first substrate surface (upper surface) of the lower substrate 111.
- a pad 105 is formed on the surface of the first substrate for wiring from the first electrode 102 to the outside.
- an electret 104 that is an electret that generates an electric field and faces the movable substrate 110 is formed on the second substrate surface (lower surface) of the upper substrate 109.
- the electret 104 is charged so as to hold a charge semipermanently.
- the fixed structure 108, the movable substrate 110, and the spring 201 are usually formed by processing one substrate. Therefore, by combining these members, “the intermediate substrate 108 to which the movable substrate (or movable portion or weight) 110 is connected by the elastic structure 201” or “the intermediate substrate having the weight 110 movable by the elastic structure 201”. 108 ".
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the movable substrate 110.
- the movable substrate 110 follows at least one axial direction (direction indicated by a double-headed arrow in the drawing) parallel to the surfaces facing the upper substrate 109 and the lower substrate 111 (therefore, the first substrate surface and the second substrate surface) following external vibration. ) Vibrates (that is, reciprocates).
- the movable substrate 110 needs to have a certain weight. Therefore, the thickness of the movable substrate 110 is desirably in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- a plurality of substrate through-holes 101 are formed in the movable substrate 110 facing the first substrate surface by penetrating the movable substrate 110 in a pattern similar to that of the plurality of first electrodes 102. ”) Is formed.
- the width of the slit 101 can be set to 100 ⁇ m, for example, but is not limited thereto, and may be 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- each of the plurality of first electrodes 102 is parallel to each other and provided at equal intervals.
- each of the first electrodes 102 is arranged in a direction parallel to the moving direction of the movable substrate 110. That is, the first electrode 102 is disposed as shown in FIG. 3 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface.
- the interval between the plurality of first electrodes 102 is a distance between center lines passing through the center in the width direction of the first electrode 102 (direction parallel to the moving direction of the movable substrate 110). It corresponds to the distance P.
- the slits 101 are also arranged in the same pattern as the first electrode 102.
- the lower substrate 111 and the fixed structure 108 are bonded by the lower bonding portion 106 so that a predetermined gap is formed between the first electrode 102 and the movable substrate 110.
- the upper substrate 109 and the fixed structure 108 are bonded by the upper bonding portion 107 so that a predetermined gap is formed between the electret 104 and the movable substrate 110.
- the electret 104 itself is not patterned, and the first electrode 102 facing the electret 104 is patterned. Further, a slit 101 is provided between the electret 104 and the patterned first electrode 102, and a movable substrate 110 is provided so as to be capable of vibrating between the electret 104 and the first electrode 102. According to such a configuration, in the case of the position of the movable substrate 110 shown in FIG. 1, the electric field generated from the electret 104 can be shielded by being drawn into the movable substrate 110 according to the position of the slit 101. Alternatively, when the movable substrate 110 is moved as shown in FIG.
- an electric field generated from the electret 104 is allowed to pass through the slit 101 to the first electrode 102 according to the position of the slit 101. Can do. That is, the electric field corresponding to the pattern of the slit 101 can be generated by the movement of the movable substrate 110.
- the microelectromechanical generator 100 according to the first embodiment since it is not necessary to finely pattern the electret 104, the electret 104 having high reliability while maintaining a high charge retention capability is provided, and high power generation efficiency is achieved. It becomes possible to realize the microelectromechanical generator 100 having the same. Since the electric field generated from the electret 104 is drawn into the movable substrate 110, the movable substrate 110 can be a conductor such as silicon. Further, a conductor such as aluminum formed on the movable substrate 110 can be formed.
- the movable substrate 110 may have a configuration in which the potential is determined by a method such as connecting to the ground.
- the first electrode 102 and the slit 101 are arranged so as to be completely displaced as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface. That is, the first electrode 102 and the slit 101 are not located on the same line perpendicular to the surface of the first substrate in the illustrated embodiment.
- the electric field generated from the electret 104 in the direction of the first electrode 102 is shielded by the movable substrate 110.
- the overlapping area of the electret 104 and the first electrode 102 through the slit 101 is minimum (in the above example, the overlapping area is zero).
- the movable substrate 110 moves, and the first electrode 102 and the slit 101 are arranged so as to coincide with each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the first electrode 102 and the slit 101 are located on the same line perpendicular to the first substrate surface and overlap each other. In this case, the overlapping area of the electret 104 and the first electrode 102 through the slit 101 is maximized, and the electric field generated from the electret 104 in the direction of the first electrode 102 passes through the slit 101 and is first. The electrode 102 is reached.
- the overlapping area of the electret 104 and the first electrode 102 through the slit 101 can be changed by moving the movable substrate 110. Accordingly, the electric field generated from the electret 104 is shielded by the movable substrate 110 (FIG. 1), or the electric field generated from the electret 104 passes through the slit 101 and reaches the first electrode 102 (FIG. 2). Can be controlled.
- the width of the first electrode 102 and the width of the slit 101 are the same.
- the width of the first electrode 102 and the width of the slit 101 are different, they match when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface.
- the center lines passing through the centers in the width direction match. It means to do.
- the escape of electric charge from the electret 104 can be reduced.
- the conductive layer is not directly formed on the electret 104 and there is a gap between the electret 104 and the movable substrate 110, the movement of charges from the electret 104 can be further reduced.
- microelectromechanical generator 100 As described above, according to the microelectromechanical generator 100 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to realize both an increase in the amount of power generated by the microelectromechanical generator and an improvement in reliability, and this is incorporated as a power source. By this, it becomes possible to provide various electric devices.
- Modification 1 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the microelectromechanical generator 100a according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
- the micro electromechanical generator 100a according to the first modification has only one first electrode 102 and is not patterned. The difference is that one slit 101 is provided in the movable substrate 110.
- the micro electromechanical generator 100 a according to Modification 1 can be shielded by drawing the electric field generated from the electret 104 into the movable substrate 110 according to the position of the slit 101. .
- the movable substrate 110 is moved as shown in FIG.
- an electric field generated from the electret 104 is allowed to pass through the slit 101 to the first electrode 102 according to the position of the slit 101. Can do. That is, the electric field corresponding to the pattern of the slit 101 can be generated by the movement of the movable substrate 110.
- Modification 2 7 to 9 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the microelectromechanical generator 100b according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
- the micro electromechanical generator 100b according to the second modification includes the micro electromechanical generator 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the micro electromechanical generator 100 according to the first modification shown in FIGS.
- the first electrode 102 is patterned into four patterns, the movable substrate 110 is provided with two slits 101, and the movable substrate 110 is vibrated across the two first electrodes 102. It is different about point to be made.
- the pattern of the first electrode 102 and the pattern of the slit 101 are not the same, but the period of the first electrode 102 and the period of the slit 101 are integral multiples.
- the first electrode 102 and the slit 101 are patterned with a period that can be synchronized with each other. Therefore, when the movable substrate 110 is vibrated across the two first electrodes 102, the micro electromechanical generator 100 b according to the second modification has a slit 101 between the electret 104 and the first electrode 102 with one vibration. The maximum and minimum changes in the overlapping area via the can be generated twice.
- FIG. 11, FIG. 12, and FIG. 13 are cross-sectional views showing a method for manufacturing micro electromechanical generator 100 in the first embodiment.
- one substrate is processed to form movable substrate 110, spring 201, and fixed structure 108 (that is, intermediate substrate 108 to which movable substrate 110 is connected by elastic structure 201). A method will be described.
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the joint portions 106 and 107 are formed on the substrate.
- the substrate for example, a silicon substrate can be used. This substrate needs to have a certain weight in order to vibrate as the movable substrate 110 after processing. Therefore, the thickness of the substrate is preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm. Here, a case where a silicon substrate having a thickness of 700 ⁇ m is used will be described.
- a seed layer (not shown) for a plating process is formed, a mold is formed by photolithography, and an upper joint portion 107 is formed by a plating process. Thereafter, the resist is removed.
- the material of the seed layer is titanium, copper, or a laminated film thereof, and copper or the like can be used as the material of the joint portion.
- the lower joint 106 is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the upper joint 107 is formed.
- a seed layer (not shown) for a plating process is formed, a mold is formed by photolithography, and a lower joint portion 106 is formed by a plating process. Thereafter, the resist is removed.
- the substrate is made into a movable substrate 110 having a spring 201 and a slit 101 as an opening, and a fixed structure 108.
- DRIE deep Reactive Ion Etching
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the electret 104 and the upper joint 107 are formed on the surface of the upper substrate 109.
- an interlayer insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of the upper substrate 109
- the electret 104 is formed.
- the electret 104 is formed by depositing an electret material and patterning it by a process such as photolithography and etching.
- the electret material is an inorganic material such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitrogen film, or a multilayer film thereof, or an organic material.
- a seed layer (not shown) for a plating process is deposited, a mold is formed by photolithography, and an upper joint 107 is formed by a plating process. Thereafter, the resist is removed.
- the material of the seed layer is titanium, copper, or a laminated film thereof, and the material of the joint can be copper, tin, or a laminated film thereof.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the first electrode 102, the pad 105, and the lower bonding portion 106 are formed on the surface of the lower substrate 111.
- an interlayer insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of the lower substrate 111
- the first electrode 102 and the pad 105 are formed.
- the first electrode 102 is formed by depositing an electrode and a pad material to be the first electrode 102 and the pad 105 on the surface (first surface) of the lower substrate 111 and patterning by a process such as photolithography and etching.
- the electrode and pad material is a metal material such as aluminum.
- a seed layer (not shown) for a plating process is deposited, a mold is formed by photolithography, and a lower joint portion 106 is formed by a plating process. Thereafter, the resist is removed.
- the material of the seed layer is titanium, copper, or a laminated film thereof, and the material of the joint can be copper, tin, or a laminated film thereof.
- FIG. 12A assembly of the movable substrate 110, the spring 201, the fixed structure 108, the upper substrate 109, and the lower substrate 111 formed by processing one substrate will be described.
- the lower substrate 111 and the fixed structure 108 are joined by joining the lower joints 106 to each other.
- the upper substrate 109 and the fixed structure 108 are bonded to each other after the first electret 104 formed on the surface of the upper substrate 109 is charged. This is done by joining the joints 107 together.
- FIG. 13 shows a process in which the upper substrate 109, the fixed structure 108, and the lower substrate 111 are processed by grinder or deep etching to expose the pad 105 and chip the generator (single piece). With the manufacturing method including the above steps, the microelectromechanical generator 100 according to Embodiment 1 can be realized.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configured using micro electromechanical generator 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a circuit configuration of a conversion circuit 300 for outputting electric power from the first electrode 102 to an external load.
- the conversion circuit 300 converts an alternating current output by repeatedly supplying and discharging the first electrode 102 to a direct current.
- the conversion circuit 300 is connected between the first electrode 102 and the upper substrate 109 on which the electret 104 is formed.
- the conversion circuit 300 can be composed of a bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes, a smoothing circuit composed of capacitors, and a load resistor.
- the external load is connected by wire bonding or the like.
- FIG. 15 and 16 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the microelectromechanical generator 200 according to the second embodiment.
- a plurality of second electrodes 1021 are formed between the plurality of first electrodes 102 on the surface of the lower substrate 111 (first substrate surface).
- the second electrode 1021 and the slit 101 coincide when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface.
- the movable substrate 110 moves, and the second electrode 1021 and the slit 101 are arranged so as to be shifted from each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first substrate surface.
- an electric field generated from the electret 104 can be drawn into the second electrode 1021, and an unnecessary electric field can be prevented from reaching the first electrode 102.
- the charges excited on the electrode 102 can be sufficiently released. Therefore, according to this microelectromechanical generator 200, in addition to the effect described in connection with the first embodiment (improvement of reliability), the effect of further increasing the amount of power generation can be obtained.
- the lower substrate 111 is described as the first substrate, and the upper substrate 109 is described as the second substrate.
- the micro electromechanical generators 100 and 200 of the first and second embodiments described above can be used upside down, for example.
- the pad 105 may be provided on the upper substrate 109.
- the lower substrate 111 may be the second substrate and the upper substrate 109 may be the first substrate.
- first and second are used to distinguish two substrates, and are not used to indicate the vertical relationship of the substrates.
- the movable substrate 110 is supported by the fixed structure 108 by being connected to the fixed structure 108 via the elastic structure 201.
- the support of the movable substrate 110 to the fixed structure 108 may be based on, for example, magnetic force or electrostatic force as long as the movable substrate 110 can reciprocate in a predetermined direction.
- the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 109 may also serve as the fixed structure 108.
- electrets are provided on the surfaces of the first substrate 111 and the movable substrate 110 facing each other and the surfaces of the second substrate 109 and the movable substrate 110 facing each other, and the electrets are charged with the same charge.
- the movable substrate 110 can be supported by the electrostatic force (repulsive force) between the electrets.
- the moving direction of the movable substrate 110 is parallel to one side when the first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular or square as shown in FIG. Is shown.
- the description of these embodiments does not preclude that the moving direction of the movable substrate is another direction in place of or in addition to the direction in the micro electromechanical generator.
- the micro electromechanical generator according to the present invention can achieve an increase in power generation and an improvement in reliability, and is therefore useful as a power source for various electrical devices.
- Micro-electromechanical generator 101 Substrate through hole, slit 102 First electrode 1021 Second electrode 104 Electret 105 Pad 106 Lower joint 107 Upper joint 108 Fixed structure, intermediate substrate 109 Upper substrate (first 2 substrates) 110, 1101 Movable substrate 111 Lower substrate (first substrate) 201 Elastic structure (spring) 300 Conversion circuit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記エレクトレット膜と対向する表面に集電電極が配置された第2の基板と、
前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との間に配置され、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板に対し所定の方向に移動可能に支持された導電性を有する可動基板と、
を備え、
前記可動基板は、前記第1の基板側から前記第2の基板側に向けて貫通し、前記エレクトレット膜から放射される電界を通す開口部を有し、
前記可動基板が移動することにより、前記開口部から前記集電電極に放射される電界の有無が生じ、前記電界の有無により、前記集電電極に電荷が励起したり放電したりすることによって発電する。
前記エレクトレット膜と対向する表面に集電電極が配置された第2の基板と、
前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との間に配置され、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板に対し所定の方向に移動可能に支持された導電性を有する可動基板と、
を備え、
前記可動基板は、前記第1の基板側から前記第2の基板側に向けて貫通し、前記エレクトレット膜から放射される電界を通す開口部を有し、
前記可動基板が移動することにより、前記開口部から前記集電電極に放射される電界の有無が生じ、前記電界の有無により、前記集電電極に電荷が励起したり放電したりすることによって発電する。
前記開口部は、前記所定の方向について第2の周期でパターン化されており、
前記第1の周期と前記第2の周期とは整数倍の関係にあり、前記集電電極と前記開口部とは、互いに同期しうる周期でパターン化されていてもよい。
前記開口部は、前記所定の方向について、前記周期的パターンと同じ周期でパターン化されていてもよい。
<微小電気機械発電器の構成>
図1および図2は、本実施の形態における微小電気機械発電器100の構成を示す横断図である。図1および図2に示す微小電気機械発電器100は、第1基板としての下部基板111、第2基板としての上部基板109、可動基板110、弾性構造体としてのバネ201、および固定構造体108を具備する。図1において、下部基板111の上部表面と、上部基板109の下部表面とが互いに対向している。したがって、この発電器100において、下部基板111の上部表面と上部基板109の下部表面とが、それぞれ第1基板表面と第2基板表面とに相当する。
なお、エレクトレット104から発生した電界を可動基板110に引き込むため、可動基板110をシリコンなどの導体とすることができる。また、可動基板110上に形成したアルミニウムなどの導体を形成することができる。
すなわち、微小電気機械発電器100によれば、可動基板110を移動させることによって、エレクトレット104と第1の電極102とのスリット101を介した重なり面積を変化させることができる。これによって、エレクトレット104から発生する電界を可動基板110で遮蔽し(図1)、あるいは、エレクトレット104から発生する電界を、スリット101を通過させて第1の電極102に到達させる(図2)ことを制御できる。
図5及び6は、実施の形態1の変形例1に係る微小電気機械発電器100aの構成を示す横断面図である。この変形例1に係る微小電気機械発電器100aは、図1及び2の実施の形態1に係る微小電気機械発電器100と対比すると、第1の電極102を一つだけとしパターン化していない点、可動基板110に一つのスリット101を設けた点、について異なる。
この変形例1に係る微小電気機械発電器100aは、図5に示す可動基板110の位置の場合、スリット101の位置に応じて、エレクトレット104から発生した電界を可動基板110に引き込むことにより遮蔽できる。あるいは、図6に示すように可動基板110を移動させた場合、スリット101の位置に応じて、エレクトレット104から発生した電界を、スリット101を通して一部の電界を第1の電極102に通過させることができる。つまり、可動基板110の移動によって、スリット101のパターンに対応した電界を発生させることができる。
図7乃至9は、実施の形態1の変形例2に係る微小電気機械発電器100bの構成を示す横断面図である。この変形例2に係る微小電気機械発電器100bは、図1及び2の実施の形態1に係る微小電気機械発電器100、及び、図5及び6の実施の形態1の変形例1に係る微小電気機械発電器100aと対比すると、第1の電極102を四つにパターン化している点、可動基板110に二つのスリット101を設けた点、二つの第1の電極102にわたって可動基板110を振動させる点、について異なる。
この変形例2に係る微小電気機械発電器100bでは、第1の電極102のパターンとスリット101のパターンとは同一ではないが、第1の電極102の周期とスリット101の周期とは整数倍の関係にあり、第1の電極102とスリット101とは、互いに同期しうる周期でパターン化されている。
そこで、変形例2に係る微小電気機械発電器100bは、二つの第1の電極102にわたって可動基板110を振動させた場合、1回の振動で、エレクトレット104と第1の電極102とのスリット101を介した重なり面積の最大と最小との変化を2回生じさせることができる。
次に、図1に示す形態の微小電気機械発電器100の製造方法を説明する。
図10、図11、図12、図13は、実施の形態1における微小電気機械発電器100の製造方法を示す横断面図である。図10を参照して、1枚の基板を加工して、可動基板110、バネ201および固定構造体108(即ち、可動基板110が弾性構造体201によって接続されている中間基板108)を形成する方法を説明する。
次いで、メッキプロセス用のシード層(図示せず)を形成し、フォトリソグラフィーにより型を形成し、メッキプロセスにより上部接合部107を形成する。その後、レジストを除去する。シード層の材料は、チタン、銅、またはそれらの積層膜などであり、接合部の材料としては銅などを用いることができる。
次に、メッキプロセス用のシード層(図示せず)を堆積し、フォトリソグラフィーにより型を形成し、メッキプロセスにより上部接合部107を形成する。その後、レジストを除去する。シード層の材料は、チタン、銅、またはそれらの積層膜などであり、接合部の材料としては銅、錫、またはそれらの積層膜などを用いることができる。
次に、メッキプロセス用のシード層(図示せず)を堆積し、フォトリソグラフィーにより型を形成し、メッキプロセスにより下部接合部106を形成する。その後、レジストを除去する。シード層の材料は、チタン、銅、またはそれらの積層膜などであり、接合部の材料としては銅、錫、またはそれらの積層膜などを用いることができる。
以上の各工程を含む製造方法によって、実施の形態1に係る微小電気機械発電器100を実現することが可能となる。
図14は、本実施の形態1における微小電気機械発電器100を用いて構成した回路を示す回路図である。
図14は、第1の電極102より電力を外部負荷に出力するための変換回路300の回路構成である。変換回路300によって、第1の電極102において給放電を繰り返すことにより出力される交流電流を、直流電流に変換する。第1の電極102とエレクトレット104が形成された上部基板109の間に変換回路300を接続する。例えば、変換回路300は、4つのダイオードで構成されたブリッジ整流回路と、キャパシタで構成された平滑回路と、負荷抵抗とで構成できる。なお、外部負荷とは、ワイヤ・ボンディング等で接続される。
<微小電気機械発電器の構成>
図15、図16は、実施の形態2における微小電気機械発電器200の構成を示す横断面図である。
実施の形態2の微小電気機械発電器200においては、複数の第2の電極1021が、下部基板111の表面(第1基板表面)において、複数の第1の電極102のそれぞれの間に形成されている点で、実施の形態1の微小電気機械発電器100と異なる。よって、図15に示す形態においては、第2の電極1021とスリット101が、第1基板表面に対して垂直な方向から見たときに一致している。他方、図16に示す状態では、可動基板110が移動し、第2の電極1021と、スリット101は、第1基板表面に対して垂直な方向から見て、ずれるように配置されている。
よって、この微小電気機械発電器200によれば、実施の形態1に関連して説明した効果(信頼性の向上)とともに、さらに発電量を増大するという効果を得ることができる。
101 基板貫通孔、スリット
102 第1の電極
1021 第2の電極
104 エレクトレット
105 パッド
106 下部接合部
107 上部接合部
108 固定構造体、中間基板
109 上部基板(第2基板)
110、1101 可動基板
111 下部基板(第1基板)
201 弾性構造体(バネ)
300 変換回路
Claims (10)
- 表面に電荷を保持し、連続して繋がって形成されたエレクトレット膜が配置された第1の基板と、
前記エレクトレット膜と対向する表面に集電電極が配置された第2の基板と、
前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との間に配置され、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板に対し所定の方向に移動可能に支持された導電性を有する可動基板と、
を備え、
前記可動基板は、前記第1の基板側から前記第2の基板側に向けて貫通し、前記エレクトレット膜から放射される電界を通す開口部を有し、
前記可動基板が移動することにより、前記開口部から前記集電電極に放射される電界の有無が生じ、前記電界の有無により、前記集電電極に電荷が励起したり放電したりすることによって発電する、微小電気機械発電器。 - 前記可動基板は、前記所定の方向に振動可能に支持される、請求項1に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- 前記可動基板は、その移動の過程において、前記エレクトレット膜と前記集電電極との前記可動基板の前記開口部を介した重なり面積を変化させるように、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板に対して移動可能に支持される、請求項1又は2に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- 前記可動基板の前記開口部は、パターン化されている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- 前記第2の基板の前記集電電極は、パターン化されている、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- 前記集電電極は、前記所定の方向について第1の周期でパターン化されており、
前記開口部は、前記所定の方向について第2の周期でパターン化されており、
前記第1の周期と前記第2の周期とは整数倍の関係にあり、前記集電電極と前記開口部とは、互いに同期しうる周期でパターン化されている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。 - 前記集電電極は、前記所定の方向について周期的パターンにパターン化されており、
前記開口部は、前記所定の方向について、前記周期的パターンと同じ周期でパターン化されている、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。 - 前記可動基板は接地されている、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- パターン化された前記集電電極の各々の間に配置され、接地されたガード電極を有する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の微小電気機械発電器。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の前記微小電気機械発電器を電源として含む、電気機器。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013516820A JP5307955B1 (ja) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-11-19 | 微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 |
US13/980,966 US20140111060A1 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-11-19 | Micro-electro-mechanical generator and electrical device using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-270893 | 2011-12-12 | ||
JP2011270893 | 2011-12-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013088645A1 true WO2013088645A1 (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
Family
ID=48612125
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/007419 WO2013088645A1 (ja) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-11-19 | 微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140111060A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5307955B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013088645A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018098837A (ja) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-21 | シチズン時計株式会社 | 電気機械変換器 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6244079A (ja) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-02-26 | Masafumi Yano | エネルギ−変換装置 |
JPS6416277A (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1989-01-19 | Tokyo Electric Power Co | Energy conversion utilizing waste heat |
JP2010068643A (ja) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-25 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 静電誘導式発電デバイス及びその製造方法 |
JP2010258890A (ja) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-11 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | 静電誘導型変換素子 |
JP2011151944A (ja) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-08-04 | Panasonic Corp | 発電装置 |
JP2012044823A (ja) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | 静電誘導発電デバイス、静電誘導発電機器 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2032932A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | Electeostatic device | ||
US3629624A (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1971-12-21 | Juergen H Staudte | Electrostatic motor |
US4897592A (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-30 | Hyde William W | Electrostatic energy field power generating system |
US7834513B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-11-16 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Electrostatic generator/motor having rotors of varying thickness and a central stator electrically connected together into two groups |
WO2009054251A1 (ja) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | 発電装置 |
-
2012
- 2012-11-19 JP JP2013516820A patent/JP5307955B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-19 WO PCT/JP2012/007419 patent/WO2013088645A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-11-19 US US13/980,966 patent/US20140111060A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6244079A (ja) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-02-26 | Masafumi Yano | エネルギ−変換装置 |
JPS6416277A (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1989-01-19 | Tokyo Electric Power Co | Energy conversion utilizing waste heat |
JP2010068643A (ja) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-25 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 静電誘導式発電デバイス及びその製造方法 |
JP2010258890A (ja) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-11 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | 静電誘導型変換素子 |
JP2011151944A (ja) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-08-04 | Panasonic Corp | 発電装置 |
JP2012044823A (ja) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | 静電誘導発電デバイス、静電誘導発電機器 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018098837A (ja) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-21 | シチズン時計株式会社 | 電気機械変換器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5307955B1 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
US20140111060A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
JPWO2013088645A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5460872B2 (ja) | 微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 | |
US9287804B2 (en) | Power generation apparatus | |
JP4558007B2 (ja) | 静電誘導型発電装置 | |
JP5237705B2 (ja) | 発電デバイス | |
JP6335400B1 (ja) | 発電素子および発電装置 | |
JP2011036089A (ja) | 振動発電素子およびその製造方法 | |
JP5307955B1 (ja) | 微小電気機械発電器およびそれを用いた電気機器 | |
JP2012070535A (ja) | 薄型振動発電デバイス | |
JP2015107037A (ja) | エレクトレット発電装置及びその製造方法 | |
JP2013121309A (ja) | 振動発電器 | |
WO2019230658A1 (ja) | 振動発電装置および振動発電素子 | |
Yang et al. | Broadband, tunable, miniaturized vibration energy harvester using nonlinear elastomer beams and stretchable interconnects | |
WO2019031566A1 (ja) | Mems振動素子、mems振動素子の製造方法および振動発電素子 | |
Tao et al. | A sandwich-structured MEMS electret power generator for multi-directional vibration energy harvesting | |
Crovetto et al. | MEMS fabricated energy harvesting device with 2D resonant structure | |
JP5603200B2 (ja) | 静電変換装置および静電変換装置の製造方法 | |
JP6932378B2 (ja) | 発電素子および発電装置 | |
Tao et al. | A three-dimensional electrostatic/electret micro power generator for low acceleration and low frequency vibration energy harvesting | |
Honma et al. | Power Generation Demonstration of Electrostatic Vibrational Energy Harvester with Comb Electrodes and Suspensions Located in Upper and Lower Decks. | |
JP5203794B2 (ja) | 微細構造 | |
JP5628746B2 (ja) | 静電変換装置および静電変換装置の製造方法 | |
JP2022082718A (ja) | 振動発電素子 | |
JP5680934B2 (ja) | 静電変換装置および静電変換装置の製造方法 | |
Tao et al. | Micro electret-based power generator for ambient vibrational energy harvesting | |
JPWO2013145553A1 (ja) | 振動発電器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013516820 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13980966 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12856605 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12856605 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |