WO2013080889A1 - Co2脱離触媒 - Google Patents
Co2脱離触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013080889A1 WO2013080889A1 PCT/JP2012/080340 JP2012080340W WO2013080889A1 WO 2013080889 A1 WO2013080889 A1 WO 2013080889A1 JP 2012080340 W JP2012080340 W JP 2012080340W WO 2013080889 A1 WO2013080889 A1 WO 2013080889A1
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- inorganic powder
- desorption
- catalyst
- surface area
- metal
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a CO 2 desorption catalyst.
- a chemical absorption method is well known as a method for removing and recovering CO 2 contained in combustion exhaust gas from thermal power plants and steel plants (Patent Document 1).
- CO 2 is absorbed into the absorption liquid by bringing CO 2 into contact with an aqueous solution (hereinafter also referred to as an absorption liquid) based on alkanolamine in an absorption tower.
- the absorbing liquid that has absorbed CO 2 is sent to the regeneration tower, and the absorbed CO 2 is desorbed (degassed) by being heated with heated steam.
- the desorbed CO 2 is recovered, and the absorption liquid from which the CO 2 has been desorbed is sent again to the absorption tower and reused.
- the regeneration tower is filled with a metal filler such as a thin stainless steel plate or a rolled stainless steel mesh, and the absorbent is moved along the surface of the filler to contact the absorbent with the heating steam. The area is increased and CO 2 desorption is promoted.
- a metal filler such as a thin stainless steel plate or a rolled stainless steel mesh
- the conventional metal filler has a problem that the detachment promoting action of the filler itself is small.
- the filler generally has a large volume in the space. Therefore, in order to obtain a desired desorption amount, there is a problem that the regeneration tower must be enlarged.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a CO 2 desorption catalyst having an excellent CO 2 desorption action.
- the present inventor has conducted extensive studies, the when using a molded body of a specific inorganic powder or inorganic powder, found to offer excellent CO 2 desorption catalyst to the CO 2 leaving the action, the present invention It came to complete.
- a CO 2 desorption catalyst comprising an inorganic powder or an inorganic powder compact, The BET specific surface area of the inorganic powder or the molded body of the inorganic powder is 7 m 2 / g or more, CO 2 desorption catalyst characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Item 2 The CO 2 desorption catalyst according to Item 1, wherein the inorganic powder or the compact of the inorganic powder is at least one selected from the group consisting of BN, metal oxides, metals, and clay minerals. 3.
- the inorganic powder or the molded body of the inorganic powder is selected from the group consisting of BN, Ga 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CuO, ZnO, Pd, Fe, Co, Ag, Ni, Pt, Cr and zeolite. 3.
- the CO 2 elimination catalyst as described. 5. Item 5.
- Item 6 The CO 2 desorption catalyst according to Item 5, wherein at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Fe, Co, Ag, Ni, and Pt is supported. 7).
- the CO 2 desorption apparatus, wherein the regeneration tower has the CO 2 desorption catalyst according to any one of Items 1 to 6. 8).
- a CO 2 desorption method comprising the step of reproducing the absorbing solution that has absorbed CO 2
- Process is characterized in that it comprises the step of contacting the CO 2 desorption catalyst according to any one of the absorbing liquid and the claim 1 to 6 that has absorbed CO 2, CO 2 desorption method for the reproduction.
- the present invention also relates to an invention of using an inorganic powder or a molded body of an inorganic powder having a BET specific surface area of 7 m 2 / g or more, which is used as a catalyst for CO 2 desorption from a CO 2 -containing liquid. Including.
- CO 2 desorption catalyst CO 2 desorption catalyst present invention of the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as the present invention catalyst) is, BET specific surface area is made of a molding of inorganic powder or inorganic powder is 7m 2 / g or more.
- the BET specific surface area of the shaped body of an inorganic powder or inorganic powder is 7m 2 / g or more, the CO 2 desorption catalyst is excellent in effect of desorption of CO 2 in the containing CO 2 absorbing solution.
- the BET specific surface area is a value obtained by dividing the surface area including the microscopic surface irregularities and pores of the inorganic powder by its mass. Molecules for which the adsorption occupation area is calculated can be adsorbed at the temperature of liquid nitrogen and obtained from the adsorption amount.
- the upper limit of the BET specific surface area is preferably 500 m 2 / g or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the inorganic powder or the molded body of the inorganic powder is more preferably from 50 to 400 m 2 / g, further preferably from 60 to 250 m 2 / g, from the viewpoint of catalytic effect and strength.
- the BET specific surface area of the inorganic powder or the compact of the inorganic powder can be obtained by measuring the BET specific surface area of the inorganic powder.
- the BET specific surface area of inorganic powder is 7 m ⁇ 2 > / g or more
- the BET specific surface area of the molded object of the inorganic powder is also 7 m ⁇ 2 > / g or more.
- the BET specific surface area of the inorganic powder can be measured with a commercially available measuring instrument.
- NOVA-4200e manufactured by QUANTACHROM may be used as a BET specific surface area measuring instrument.
- the component of the catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an inorganic component.
- any inorganic component such as boron nitride (BN), metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal boride, metal (simple substance), intermetallic compound, clay mineral, and the like can be used.
- this invention catalyst can be used combining 1 type, or 2 or more types of inorganic powder or the molded object of inorganic powder.
- the inorganic powder or inorganic powder compact may be simply mixed or used in the form of a solid solution.
- a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides can be used as a composite metal oxide.
- Examples of the metal oxide include Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , MgO, Ga 2 O 3 , CuO, and ZnO.
- Examples of the composite metal oxide include Al 2 O 3 —Ga 2 O 3 , CuO—ZnO, Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 , SiO 2 —TiO 2 , lanthanum strontium magnesium gallate (LSGM), And lanthanum strontium magnesium cobalt gallate (LSGMC).
- metal nitride examples include AlN, SiN, TiN, and the like.
- metal carbide examples include SiC, TiC, MgC 2 and the like.
- metal boride examples include Co 2 B, Fe 2 B, Ni 2 B, PtB, RuB 2 and the like.
- metal examples include Pd, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Ag, Au, Pt, and Cr.
- intermetallic compound examples include AlFe, CoPt 3 , CoFe, RuTi, and the like.
- clay minerals include zeolite, talc, sepiolite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of BN, Ga 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Pd, Fe and zeolite is preferable.
- the catalyst of the present invention may use an inorganic powder in which a metal is supported on the above-described components or an inorganic powder compact.
- the metal to be supported the same metals as the above-mentioned components (Pd, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Ag, Au, Pt, Cr, etc.) can be used.
- Pd, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Ag, Au, Pt, Cr, etc. the same metals as the above-mentioned components
- Al 2 O 3 is used as the catalyst of the present invention, at least one selected from the group consisting of Pd, Fe, Co, Ag and Ni (in particular, at least selected from the group consisting of Pd, Fe and Ag).
- the supported amount is preferably 0.1 to 10 wt% of the entire catalyst of the present invention.
- the CO 2 desorption catalyst carrying a metal often has a so-called oxidized state immediately after preparation.
- the metal can be changed from an oxidized state to a metal state by performing a reduction treatment in advance. Thereby, the catalytic activity of the CO 2 desorption catalyst can be expressed more.
- heat treatment may be performed in a gas such as H 2 or H 2 —N 2 .
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 200 to 400 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably about 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the shape of the inorganic powder is not particularly limited.
- a spherical shape, a granular shape, an indefinite shape, a dendritic shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, a flat shape and the like can be mentioned.
- the size of the inorganic powder is not particularly limited, but when the shape is spherical, it is preferable to use one having a diameter of about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a molded body obtained by molding an inorganic powder
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a disc shape, a ring shape, and a coating shape.
- the size of the inorganic powder compact is not particularly limited, but when the compact is disc-shaped, it is preferably about 1 to 100 mm in diameter.
- the method for producing a molded body of inorganic powder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include molding the inorganic powder usable in the present invention with a tableting machine, an extrusion molding machine, or the like.
- the coating film thickness is preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- an inorganic powder shaped body (coating-like shaped body) comprising a coating film
- an inorganic powder is mixed with an organic substance such as polyethylene glycol and ethyl cellulose to prepare a paste composition, which is fired after the composition is applied. It can be formed by decomposing and removing organic matter.
- a calcination temperature 200 degreeC or more is preferable.
- the film-like formed body can be formed on the surface of a metal filler, the inner surface (wall surface) of a regeneration tower, which will be described later, the thin tube of a steam heater, the plate surface, and the like.
- a coating film-like molded article on the surface of the metal filler, hitherto an filled in the same manner as the regenerator can be used, also, to free CO 2 absorbing liquid storage portion of the bottom of the regenerator It is also possible to install.
- a coating-like molded body may be formed on the inner surface of a structure in which a large number of flat plates are stacked with an interval as a flow path of the absorbent material, or a honeycomb (monolith) structure having a large number of parallel through holes.
- the structure itself may be formed of an inorganic powder compact.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view schematically showing an embodiment of a CO 2 desorption apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the inside of the regeneration tower of FIG.
- CO 2 desorption apparatus As shown in FIG. 1, CO 2 desorption apparatus according to the present invention, CO 2 absorption tower for absorbing and removing CO 2 absorption liquid (hereinafter, simply referred to as an absorption tower) and, playing the absorbing solution that has absorbed CO 2 Has a regeneration tower.
- An exhaust gas cooler and exhaust gas cooler that cools the exhaust gas, an exhaust gas blower that boosts the exhaust gas, and an absorption tower filled with a CO 2 absorbent that absorbs and removes CO 2 from the exhaust gas are disposed in the exhaust gas introduction unit.
- both containing CO 2 absorbing solution and unabsorbed liquid are distinguished.
- the liquid for absorbing CO 2 is not particularly limited.
- alkanolamine such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and diglycolamine is added to water.
- the contained aqueous solution can be used suitably.
- the alkanolamine can be contained singly or in combination of two or more.
- the absorption tower and the regeneration tower are connected by a line for supplying the CO 2 absorbent to the regeneration tower and a line for supplying the regenerated unabsorbed liquid to the absorption tower.
- the two lines are provided with heat exchangers for performing heat exchange between them.
- a cooler for further cooling the unabsorbed liquid is installed between the absorption tower and the heat exchanger.
- the regeneration tower is provided with a nozzle for spraying the CO 2 -containing absorbent from the line downward.
- a filling part filled with the catalyst of the present invention is provided below the nozzle.
- the regenerator is provided with a heater for heating the CO 2 -containing absorbent at the bottom. And the regeneration tower this heater, after heating the containing CO 2 absorbing solution which is stored in the bottom portion in the heater, are connected by lines to back into the bottom.
- a line of the separator was arranged in order to separate the water from the CO 2 gas is installed.
- the separator is provided with a line for supplying water separated by the separator again to the top of the regeneration tower.
- the line is provided with a nozzle for spraying the reflux water downward.
- the exhaust gas containing CO 2 discharged from the boiler is first sent to a cooler and cooled by cooling water.
- the cooled exhaust gas is pressurized by a blower blower and then sent to an absorption tower.
- the exhaust gas comes into countercurrent contact with an unabsorbed liquid based on alkanolamine, and CO 2 in the exhaust gas is absorbed into the unabsorbed liquid by a chemical reaction.
- the exhaust gas from which CO 2 has been removed is discharged out of the system from the top of the tower. Containing CO 2 absorbent that has absorbed CO 2 via a line from the bottom, is pressurized by a pump, after being heated in the heat exchanger, it is supplied to the regenerator.
- the CO 2 -containing absorbent is sprayed from the nozzle and flows down on the surface of the catalyst of the present invention. At this time, it is heated by the rising high-temperature steam described later, and a part of CO 2 is desorbed. In this desorption reaction, desorption is promoted by using the catalyst of the present invention as compared with a conventional metal filler.
- the CO 2 -containing absorbent that has passed through the packed portion is stored in the tower bottom.
- the stored CO 2 -containing absorbent is extracted by a line and heated by a heater, so that part of CO 2 is desorbed and high-temperature water vapor is generated. At this time, CO 2 desorption can be promoted by applying the catalyst of the present invention to the surface of the heater.
- the high-temperature steam rising in the tower heats the CO 2 -containing absorbent flowing down the catalyst surface of the present invention.
- CO 2 and water vapor discharged from the top of the regeneration tower are cooled by a cooler to condense moisture.
- the condensed water is separated by a separator and returned to the regeneration tower.
- the high-purity CO 2 from which moisture has been removed is discharged out of the CO 2 separation apparatus and can be effectively used for other purposes.
- the inorganic powder or the compact of the inorganic powder having a BET specific surface area of 7 m 2 / g or more can efficiently desorb CO 2 from the CO 2 -containing liquid.
- the present invention catalyst since the BET specific surface area is made of a molding of inorganic powder or inorganic powder is 7m 2 / g or more, excellent effects capable of leaving the CO 2 in containing CO 2 absorbing solution. Therefore, the inorganic powder or the molded body of inorganic powder can be suitably used as a catalyst for desorbing CO 2 from the CO 2 -containing liquid.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view schematically showing an embodiment of a CO 2 desorption apparatus according to the present invention.
- a in FIG. 1 indicates that the exhaust gas from which CO 2 has been desorbed is directed to the flue.
- B in FIG. 1 indicates that CO 2 is separated from the absorbing solution.
- C in FIG. 1 indicates that CO 2 has been recovered.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the inside of the regeneration tower of FIG. D in FIG. 2 indicates that the CO 2 -containing absorbent has been sent from the absorption tower.
- E in FIG. 2 indicates that the CO 2 absorbing solution sent from the absorption tower moves downward along the surface of the CO 2 desorption catalyst of the present invention and is heated by high-temperature steam, so that CO 2 Is desorbed.
- G in FIG. 2 indicates that a part of the absorbing liquid is withdrawn in order to heat the absorbing liquid with a heater (high-temperature water vapor is generated by heating the absorbing liquid with a heater).
- Example 1 15 mg of BN powder (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was pressed into a disk shape having a diameter of about 5 mm to prepare an inorganic powder compact (catalyst) of Example 1 (non-metal-supported). It was 0.55 cm ⁇ 2 > when the outer surface area was calculated
- Example 2 In the air to obtain Ga 2 O 3 —Al 2 O 3 .
- 15 mg of BN powder used in Example 1 and 15 mg of Ga 2 O 3 —Al 2 O 3 were mixed well, and then pressed into a disk shape in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the inorganic material of Example 2.
- a powder compact was produced.
- each metal salt powder was dissolved in water to prepare each metal salt aqueous solution.
- Each metal salt aqueous solution is made of Al 2 O 3 powder (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name AKP-G05) or SiO 2 powder (Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd.) so that the weight of each metal after the reduction treatment is 2 wt%. ), Impregnated under the trade name CARiACT G-10), dried in air at 100 ° C. for 6 hours, and then fired in air at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain various inorganic powders (preparation by impregnation method).
- the following metal salt powders were used as follows.
- Example 15 Dissolve 2.5 mol of sodium carbonate in 2 L of water and keep the temperature at 60 ° C.
- This alkaline aqueous solution was designated as Solution A.
- Zinc nitrate 0.15 mol, aluminum nitrate 0.015 mol, gallium nitrate 0.012 mol and magnesium nitrate 0.003 mol were dissolved in 600 ml of water and kept at 60 ° C., and this acidic solution was used as Solution B.
- 0.3 mol of copper nitrate was dissolved in 300 ml of water and kept at 60 ° C., and this acidic solution was designated as Solution C.
- the solution B was uniformly added dropwise to the solution A with stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a suspension.
- Example 16 A Cr-based catalyst (Zude Chemie Catalysts Co., Ltd., trade name ActiSorb 410RS) was scraped to give 15 mg of spherical inorganic powder, and this was heat-treated at 300 to 400 ° C. in 1% H 2 —N 2 gas for 2 hours. Thus, a molded body of the inorganic powder of Example 16 was produced.
- Example 17 660 mg of zeolite (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name HSZ-640 HOD1A, BET specific surface area catalog value 400 m 2 / g; extruded shape having a diameter of about 1.5 mm and a length of about 6 mm) was prepared.
- zeolite manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name HSZ-640 HOD1A, BET specific surface area catalog value 400 m 2 / g; extruded shape having a diameter of about 1.5 mm and a length of about 6 mm
- Example 18 660 mg of spherical Al 2 O 3 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name KHA-46, BET specific surface area catalog value 150 m 2 / g) was prepared. Specifically, six 110 mg spherical Al 2 O 3 having a diameter of about 5 mm were prepared.
- Comparative Example 1 A conventionally used metal filler (100 mg) was prepared. Specifically, one metal filler (100 mg) obtained by rolling a stainless mesh having a width of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm to a diameter of 6 mm was prepared.
- Comparative Example 2 A conventionally used metal filler (660 mg) was prepared. Specifically, 6 metal fillers (100 mg) used in Comparative Example 1 and 1 metal filler (60 mg) obtained by rolling one stainless steel mesh 6 mm wide and 18 mm long to a diameter of 6 mm. A total of 7 pieces were prepared.
- Test Example 1 Measurement of surface area For each catalyst (inorganic powder molded body, filler, etc.) obtained in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the apparent surface area was calculated and the BET specific surface area was measured. did.
- the apparent surface area was calculated from the size and shape of each catalyst.
- the BET specific surface area was obtained by NOVA-4200e manufactured by QUANTACHROM. The measurement results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.
- Test Example 2 Measurement of the amount of CO 2 present in the test solution and calculation of the amount of desorption per apparent surface area 30 wt% in which 123.4 g or 127.1 g-CO 2 / L of CO 2 was absorbed in the volumetric flask After adding 50 ml of an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA), each catalyst obtained in Examples 1 to 16 or Comparative Example 1 was added, and the aqueous MEA solution was heated. The heating was performed using silicon oil in an oil bath. The rate of temperature increase was 1.4 ° C./min. After the temperature of the MEA aqueous solution reached 104 ° C., the temperature was maintained at 104 ° C.
- MEA monoethanolamine
- the amount of CO 2 desorbed per apparent surface area was calculated using the measured amount of residual CO 2 .
- the amount of CO 2 desorbed per apparent surface area was obtained by subtracting the amount of CO 2 remaining 30 minutes after reaching 104 ° C. from the amount of CO 2 before the test, and further dividing the value by the apparent surface area. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 3 Put 151.6 g-CO 2 / L aqueous amine solution 150ml that has absorbed CO 2 in the in CO 2 calculation flask desorption rate per desorption rate and apparent surface area of the CO 2 present in the test liquid Then, each catalyst of Examples 17 and 18 or Comparative Example 2 was added, and the absorbing solution was heated to 75 ° C. The heating was performed by heating the silicone oil in the oil bath to 120 ° C. and immersing the flask in the silicone oil. The desorbed CO 2 flow rate when the absorption liquid was 75 ° C. was measured with a mass flow flow meter (Azbil Corporation MQV0002). The test results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the surface of the molded body of each of the inorganic powders of Examples 1 to 18 is viewed from a microscopic viewpoint, it is not flat like a metal filler, and there are fine irregularities and pores, which are highly present. This is considered to be one of the reasons for causing the CO 2 desorption action.
- the high CO 2 desorption action is not limited to the catalyst having a high CO 2 desorption action used in Examples 1 to 16, but may have a certain degree of fine irregularities and pores. That's fine. Since the smallest BET surface area among the catalysts used in Examples 1 to 16 is 7 m 2 / g of the compacted BN powder used in Example 1, it should be a catalyst having a BET specific surface area of at least more than that. A similar effect can be expected.
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Abstract
Description
1. 無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体からなるCO2脱離触媒であって、
前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体のBET比表面積が、7m2/g以上である、
ことを特徴とするCO2脱離触媒。
2. 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、金属酸化物、金属及び粘土鉱物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、上記項1に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
3. 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、Ga2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、CuO、ZnO、Pd、Fe、Co、Ag、Ni、Pt、Cr及びゼオライトからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、上記項1又は2に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
4. 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、Ga2O3、Al2O3、Pd、Fe及びゼオライトからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、上記項1~3のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒。
5. 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN及びAl2O3からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、上記項1~4のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒。
6. Pd、Fe、Co、Ag、Ni及びPtからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属が担持されている、上記項5に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
7. 排ガス中のCO2を吸収液で吸収除去するCO2吸収塔と、CO2を吸収した吸収液を再生する再生塔を有するCO2脱離装置であって、
前記再生塔は、上記項1~6のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒を有することを特徴とする、CO2脱離装置。
8. CO2を吸収した吸収液を再生する工程を有するCO2脱離方法であって、
前記再生する工程は、CO2を吸収した吸収液と上記項1~6のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒を接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする、CO2脱離方法。
9. CO2脱離用の触媒として用いる、BET比表面積が7m2/g以上である無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体の使用。
10. CO2脱離用の触媒として用いる、BET比表面積が7m2/g以上である無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体の使用方法。
本発明のCO2脱離触媒(以下、単に本発明触媒ともいう)は、BET比表面積が7m2/g以上である無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体からなる。無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体のBET比表面積が7m2/g以上であることによって、当該CO2脱離触媒は含CO2吸収液中のCO2を脱離する作用に優れる。なお、BET比表面積とは、無機粉末のミクロな表面の凹凸や細孔などの寄与も含んだ表面積をその質量で割った値である。吸着占有面積が算出された分子を液体窒素の温度で吸着させ、その吸着量から求めることができる。上記BET比表面積の上限は、500m2/g以下であることが好ましい。
以下、本発明のCO2脱離装置及び脱離方法について説明する。図1は、本発明に係るCO2脱離装置の一実施の形態を概略的に示した模式図である。図2は、図1の再生塔の内部を概略的に示した模式図である。
BN粉末(シグマ-アルドリッチ(Sigma-Aldrich)製)15mgを直径約5mmの円盤状に押し固め、実施例1の(金属非担持の)無機粉末成形体(触媒)を作製した。この成形体の寸法から外表面積を求めたところ、0.55cm2であった。なお、このような成形体外面の単純な外表面積を「見かけの表面積」と称する。
Ga/(Ga+Al)=0.5となるように硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga=18.9%)(株式会社ミツワ化学)と硝酸アルミニウム9水和物(ナカライテスク株式会社)を水100mLに溶解させて水溶液を調製した。次に、前記水溶液に炭酸アンモニウム(当量の5倍)(ここで、「当量」とは、GaイオンとAlイオンの合計モル数を基準とする。)を一気に加えてスターラーで1時間攪拌した。生成した沈殿物を数回水で洗浄して回収し、空気中700℃で焼成することによりGa2O3-Al2O3が得られた。次いで、実施例1で使用したBN粉末15mgと、当該Ga2O3-Al2O315mgとをよく混合した後、実施例1と同様に円盤状に押し固めることにより、実施例2の無機粉末の成形体を作製した。
各金属塩粉末を水に溶解させ、各金属塩水溶液を作製した。還元処理後における前記各金属の重量が2wt%となるように、各金属塩水溶液をAl2O3粉末(住友化学(株)、商品名AKP-G05)又はSiO2粉末(富士シリシア化学(株)、商品名CARiACT G-10)に含浸し、大気中100℃で6時間乾燥した後、大気中400℃で30分焼成することにより各種無機粉末を得た(含浸法による作製)。なお、上記各金属塩粉末は、それぞれ以下のものを使用した。
<各金属塩粉末>
・Pd塩:硝酸パラジウムn水和物(Pd(NO3)2・nH2O)粉末、キシダ化学(株)製
・Fe塩:硝酸鉄九水和物(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)粉末、シグマ-アルドリッチ製
・Co塩:硝酸コバルト六水和物(Co(NO3)2・6H2O)粉末、シグマ-アルドリッチ製
・Ag塩:硝酸銀(AgNO3)粉末、シグマ-アルドリッチ製
・Ni塩:硝酸ニッケル六水和物(Ni(NO3)2・6H2O)粉末、関東化学(株)製
・Pt塩:ジニトロジアンミン白金(Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2)粉末、小島化学薬品(株)製
実施例1で使用したBN粉末15mgと、上記含浸法によって得られた各種無機粉末15mgとをよく混合して、実施例1と同様に円盤状に押し固め、さらに1%H2-N2ガス中で300~400℃の熱処理を2時間実施することにより、実施例3~14の各無機粉末の成形体を作製した。
炭酸ナトリウム2.5molを水2Lに溶かし60℃で保温する。このアルカリ水溶液を溶液Aとした。硝酸亜鉛0.15molと硝酸アルミニウム0.015mol、硝酸ガリウム0.012mol及び硝酸マグネシウム0.003molを水600mlに溶かし、60℃に保温し、この酸性溶液を溶液Bとした。硝酸銅0.3molを水300mlに溶かし、60℃に保温し、この酸性溶液を溶液Cとした。先ず、溶液Aに溶液Bを30分にわたって攪拌しながら均一に滴下して、懸濁液を得た。次に、溶液Cを前記懸濁液に30分にわたって一定速度で滴下し、沈殿物を得た。滴下後2時間の熟成を行った。次に、沈殿物をろ過し、そしてナトリウムイオン、硝酸イオンが検知されない程度まで洗浄した。さらに、100℃で24時間乾燥し、その後300℃で3時間焼成することにより複合酸化物(CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-Ga2O3-MgO、金属モル比はCu:Zn:Al:Ga:Mg=100:50:5:4:1)の円筒成形品を作製した。当該円筒成形品から、15mgを球状に削り取り、1%H2-N2ガス中で300~400℃の熱処理を2時間実施することにより、実施例15の無機粉末の成形体を作製した。
Cr系触媒(ズードケミー触媒(株)商品名ActiSorb 410RS)を、15mg分の球状無機粉末となるように削り取り、これを1%H2-N2ガス中で300~400℃の熱処理を2時間実施して、実施例16の無機粉末の成形体を作製した。
ゼオライト(東ソー株式会社製,商品名HSZ-640 HOD1A,BET比表面積カタログ値400m2/g;直径約1.5mm、長さ約6mmの押出し形状)660mgを用意した。
球状Al2O3(住友化学株式会社製、商品名KHA-46,BET比表面積カタログ値150m2/g)660mgを用意した。具体的には、直径約5mmである110mgの球状Al2O3を6個用意した。
従来利用されている金属製充填材(100mg)を用意した。具体的には、幅6mm、長さ30mmのステンレスメッシュを直径6mmに丸めることにより得られる金属製充填材(100mg)を1個用意した。
従来利用されている金属製充填材(660mg)を用意した。具体的には、比較例1で用いた金属製充填材(100mg)6個と、幅6mm、長さ18mmのステンレスメッシュ1個を直径6mmに丸めることにより得られる金属製充填材(60mg)1個、の計7個を用意した。
実施例1~16及び比較例1~2で得られた各触媒(無機粉末成形体、充填材等)に対して、見かけの表面積を算出し、BET比表面積を測定した。
メスフラスコ中に123.4g又は127.1g-CO2/LのCO2を吸収した30wt%のモノエタノールアミン(MEA)水溶液50mlを入れた後、実施例1~16又は比較例1で得られた各触媒を投入し、MEA水溶液を加熱した。なお、加熱は、オイルバス中のシリコンオイルを用いて行った。昇温の速度は、1.4℃/minとした。MEA水溶液の温度が104℃に到達してから、30分間温度を104℃に維持した後、当該MEA水溶液を少量サンプリングし、残存するCO2量を測定した。また、測定された残存CO2量を用いて、見かけ表面積あたりのCO2脱離量を算出した。見かけ表面積あたりのCO2脱離量は、試験前のCO2量に対して104℃到達後30分経過時の残存CO2量を引き、さらに当該値を見かけ表面積で割ることにより得られた。試験結果を、下記の表1に示す。
フラスコ中に151.6g-CO2/LのCO2を吸収したアミン水溶液150mlを入れた後、実施例17及び18又は比較例2の各触媒を投入し、上記吸収液を75℃になるまで加熱した。なお、加熱は、オイルバス中のシリコンオイルを120℃に加熱し、当該シリコンオイルにフラスコを浸すことで行った。上記吸収液が75℃であるときの脱離するCO2流量をマスフロー流量計(アズビル株式会社 MQV0002)で測定した。試験結果を、下記の表2に示す。
実施例1~16の触媒を用いた試験例2における104℃到達30分後の見かけ表面積あたりのCO2脱離量は、比較例1よりもはるかに高い値を示した。このことから、実施例1~16で使用した各触媒(無機粉末の成形体)そのものが有するCO2脱離作用は、金属製充填材よりも極めて強いと言える。なお、上記見かけ表面積あたりのCO2脱離量は、実施例15~16のようにBNを含まない触媒であっても高い値を示していることから、本発明触媒において、BNは必須成分ではない。
実施例17及び18の触媒を用いた試験例3における吸収液温度が75℃でのCO2脱離速度は、比較例2の金属製充填材を用いた場合よりもはるかに高い値を示した。このことから、実施例17及び18で使用した触媒そのものが有するCO2脱離作用は、金属製充填材よりも極めて強いと言える。
2.排ガス冷却塔
3.排ガスクーラー
4.排ガスブロワ
5.吸収塔
6.充填材
7.抜出しポンプ
8.含CO2吸収液
9.熱交換器
10.再生塔
11.充填材
12.加熱器
13.加熱された蒸気(高温の水蒸気)
14.クーラー
15.CO2分離器
16.クーラー
17.含CO2吸収液
18.本発明のCO2脱離触媒
19.加熱された水蒸気(高温の水蒸気)
20.高温の吸収液、水蒸気及びCO2の混合物
21.CO2脱離後の未吸収液
22.CO2ガス及び水蒸気の混合物
Claims (10)
- 無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体からなるCO2脱離触媒であって、
前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体のBET比表面積が、7m2/g以上である、
ことを特徴とするCO2脱離触媒。 - 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、金属酸化物、金属及び粘土鉱物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
- 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、Ga2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、CuO、ZnO、Pd、Fe、Co、Ag、Ni、Pt、Cr及びゼオライトからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
- 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN、Ga2O3、Al2O3、Pd、Fe及びゼオライトからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒。
- 前記無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体が、BN及びAl2O3からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒。
- Pd、Fe、Co、Ag、Ni及びPtからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属が担持されている、請求項5に記載のCO2脱離触媒。
- 排ガス中のCO2を吸収液で吸収除去するCO2吸収塔と、CO2を吸収した吸収液を再生する再生塔を有するCO2脱離装置であって、
前記再生塔は、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒を有することを特徴とする、CO2脱離装置。 - CO2を吸収した吸収液を再生する工程を有するCO2脱離方法であって、
前記再生する工程は、CO2を吸収した吸収液と請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のCO2脱離触媒を接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする、CO2脱離方法。 - CO2脱離用の触媒として用いる、BET比表面積が7m2/g以上である無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体の使用。
- CO2脱離用の触媒として用いる、BET比表面積が7m2/g以上である無機粉末又は無機粉末の成形体の使用方法。
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EP12854005.1A EP2799134B1 (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2012-11-22 | Device, method and use involving a co2 desorption catalyst |
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US20160115034A1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2016-04-28 | The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. | Co2 recovery apparatus and co2 recovery method |
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US10835892B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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