WO2013069713A1 - 燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去触媒および同触媒を用いる窒素酸化物の除去方法 - Google Patents

燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去触媒および同触媒を用いる窒素酸化物の除去方法 Download PDF

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WO2013069713A1
WO2013069713A1 PCT/JP2012/078911 JP2012078911W WO2013069713A1 WO 2013069713 A1 WO2013069713 A1 WO 2013069713A1 JP 2012078911 W JP2012078911 W JP 2012078911W WO 2013069713 A1 WO2013069713 A1 WO 2013069713A1
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catalyst
exhaust gas
nitrogen oxide
removing nitrogen
temperature
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日数谷 進
香奈 清水
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Kanadevia Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/42Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J29/46Iron group metals or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/48Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/2073Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20738Iron
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20746Cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/50Zeolites
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx) in combustion exhaust gas and a method for removing NOx using the catalyst.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • a method for removing NOx contained in combustion exhaust gas is an ammonia selective catalytic reduction in which ammonia is added to exhaust gas as a reducing agent and NOx is removed by contacting the exhaust gas with a denitration catalyst mainly composed of vanadium or titania.
  • the method (hereinafter referred to as the ammonia SCR method) is the mainstream.
  • Sulfur oxides (hereinafter referred to as SOx) are present together with NOx in the combustion exhaust gas of fuel containing sulfur such as heavy oil.
  • the denitration temperature of such combustion exhaust gas must be equal to or higher than the precipitation temperature of ammonium sulfate from the viewpoint of preventing the precipitation of ammonium sulfate on the catalyst.
  • the precipitation temperature of ammonium sulfate is related to the SO 3 and ammonia concentrations in the exhaust gas. The relationship is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 1, as the SO 3 and ammonia concentrations increase, the precipitation temperature of ammonium sulfate increases.
  • the flue gas of a coal-fired boiler generally SOx concentration S0 3 concentration thereof of 10% 10ppm for a 100 ppm, ammonia concentration for a NOx concentration is 500ppm is maximum 500ppm.
  • the precipitation temperature of ammonium sulfate under this condition is about 250 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas temperature at this time is usually 300 to 400 ° C., and since the ammonium sulfate precipitation temperature is higher than 250 ° C., ammonium sulfate does not precipitate on the catalyst, and stable catalyst performance can be maintained.
  • the SOx concentration in the exhaust gas is 1000 ppm
  • the NOx concentration is as high as 1000 ppm
  • the precipitation temperature of ammonium sulfate is as high as about 280 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is as low as 250 ° C., ammonium sulfate precipitates under these conditions, and stable catalyst performance cannot be maintained.
  • a direct decomposition method such as Patent Document 1 in which NOx is simply brought into contact with a catalyst made of a metal composite oxide having ionic conductivity and decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen, or as a reducing agent.
  • a denitration method in which NOx is brought into contact with a catalyst using hydrocarbons.
  • a catalyst in which a metal is supported on ⁇ zeolite Patent Document 2
  • a catalyst mainly composed of alumina, aluminum sulfate, and silver Patent Document 3
  • the reaction temperature is as high as 600 ° C. or more in the former method, and about 350 ° C. in the latter method.
  • Patent Document 4 describes a direct cracking method that does not use a reducing agent.
  • Comparative Example 3 a catalyst in which a metal is supported on hydrogenated zeolite is used, and the NOx removal rate is 10% or less at a temperature of 400 ° C. It has been shown.
  • this catalyst a part of the proton acid point, which is an acid point stronger than the metal acid point, remains even after the metal is supported, so that NO preferentially attacks the stronger acid point and the denitration reaction does not proceed easily.
  • the cause is that in the direct decomposition method and the reduction removal method, oxygen generated when NO is decomposed on the catalyst is not removed from the catalyst surface. Therefore, if it is possible to remove oxygen on the catalyst surface, it is considered that a direct decomposition method and a reduction removal method are possible.
  • exhaust gas is heated at a temperature of 200 to 350 ° C., preferably 220 to 320 ° C., more preferably a catalyst obtained by ion-exchange of MFI type zeolite with at least one of Fe, Co, and Mn. It has been found that NOx can be effectively reduced by contacting in the range of 230 to 300 ° C., more preferably 230 to 270 ° C.
  • MFI-type zeolite may be a commercially available product.
  • the ion exchange method may be, for example, a method in which MFI-type zeolite is suspended in an aqueous solution containing Fe, Co and / or Mn precursor compounds, and the zeolite is dried and then calcined after filtration and washing.
  • the precursor compound may be an inorganic acid salt (eg, nitrate, sulfate) or an organic acid salt (eg, acetate) of Fe, Co and / or Mn.
  • the zeolite after ion exchange with at least one of Fe, Co, and Mn has an acid point in the sodium, the above ion exchange metal, and the proton, and the acid strength at each acid point is proton> ion exchange metal> Sodium order.
  • the denitration reaction proceeds by decomposing nitric oxide at the acid sites of the ion exchange metal.
  • Example 1 After Fe / zeolite catalyst commercially available MFI zeolite 4g of 0.05M of Fe (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 0 aqueous 500m1, and the suspension 6 hours at 50 ° C., filtered, washed, 12 at 120 ° C. It was dried for 4 hours and then calcined at 400 ° C. for 6 hours. Thus, an Fe ion exchange zeolite catalyst was obtained. The Fe loading of this catalyst was 2.0 wt%.
  • Example 2 Co / zeolite catalyst 4 g of commercially available MFI type zeolite was suspended in 500 ml of 0.01 M Co (NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution at 80 ° C.
  • Example 3 Mn / zeolite catalyst 4 g of commercially available MFI-type zeolite was suspended in 500 ml of 0.01M Mn (CH 3 COO) 2 aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 18 hours, then filtered, washed and dried at 120 ° C. for 12 hours. Further, it was calcined at 500 ° C. for 4 hours. In this way, a Mn ion exchange zeolite catalyst was obtained.
  • Comparative Example 1 A1 2 0 3 4g of 0.05M of Fe (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 0 was suspended 6 hours at 80 ° C. in an aqueous solution 500 ml, which was filtered, dried at 120 ° C. 12 hours, further 400 ° C. For 6 hours. Thus, an Fe-supported A1 2 0 3 catalyst was obtained. The Fe loading of this catalyst was 2.0 wt%. Comparative Example 2 After suspending 4 g of commercially available ⁇ -type zeolite in 500 ml of 0.01 M Co (NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 18 hours, this was filtered, washed, dried at 120 ° C.
  • Table 2 shows the test results.
  • the reason why NO 2 is generated at the outlet is due to the equilibrium relationship. NO is oxidized to NO 2 by oxygen in the air in the supply gas. The denitration rate can be improved by increasing the amount of catalyst.
  • the denitration rate higher than that of the comparative example was obtained in any of the catalysts, indicating that the catalyst of the present invention has a high catalytic performance at a reaction temperature of 250 ° C.

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Abstract

 本発明は、硫安の析出温度付近で排ガス中の窒素酸化物を効率的に除去することができる方法を提供する。MFI型ゼオライトをFe、CoおよびMnのうちの少なくとも一種でイオン交換させた触媒に排ガスを温度200~350℃の範囲で接触させることを特徴とする、排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去方法。

Description

燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去触媒および同触媒を用いる窒素酸化物の除去方法
 本発明は、燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物(以下、NOxと記す)の除去触媒および同触媒を用いるNOxの除去方法に関する。
 燃焼排ガス中に含まれているNOxを除去する方法は、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガスに添加しバナジウムやチタニアを主成分とする脱硝触媒に排ガスを接触させることでNOxを除去するアンモニア選択的接触還元法(以下、アンモニアSCR法と記す)が主流である。
 重油等の硫黄を含む燃料の燃焼排ガス中にはNOxと共に硫黄酸化物(以下、SOxと記す)が存在する。このような燃焼排ガスの脱硝温度は、触媒上への硫安の析出を防止する観点から硫安の析出温度以上でなければならない。硫安の析出温度は排ガス中のSOおよびアンモニア濃度に関係する。その関係を図1に示す。図1からわかるようにSOおよびアンモニア濃度が高くなると硫安の析出温度が高くなる。
 石炭焚きボイラーの燃焼排ガスでは、一般的にSOx濃度は100ppmであるためS0濃度はその10%の10ppm、NOx濃度は500ppmであるためアンモニア濃度は最大500ppmである。この条件における硫安の析出温度は約250℃となる。この時の排ガス温度は通常300~400℃であり、硫安の析出温度250℃より高いため触媒上への硫安の析出は起こらず、安定した触媒性能を維持することができる。
一方、舶用機関から排出されている排ガスは燃料がC重油であるため排ガス中のSOx濃度が1000ppm、のNOx濃度も1000ppmと高く、硫安の析出温度は約280℃と高くなる。しかし、排ガス温度は250℃と低いため、この条件では硫安が析出し、安定した触媒性能を維持することができない。
 従って、舶用機関排ガスを上記選択的接触還元法で処理するには排ガス温度を硫安析出温度以上に加熱する必要がある。
高濃度のSOxおよびNOxが存在し、排ガス温度が低い舶用機関排ガスの処理にアンモニアSCR触媒を使用するには硫安の析出温度を排ガス温度以下にする必要がある。硫安の析出温度は図1に示されるとおりS0濃度とアンモニア濃度で決定される。アンモニア濃度は排ガス中のNOx濃度と目標脱硝率で決まるため、この値を低減することできない。したがって、排ガス温度が低い舶用機関ではアンモニアSCR法を使用することができない。
 アンモニアSCR法以外の脱硝方法としては、イオン導電性を有する金属複合酸化物からなる触媒等にNOxを接触させるだけで窒素と酸素に分解する直接分解法(特許文献1など)や、還元剤として炭化水素を用い触媒にNOxを接触させる脱硝方法があり、後者の触媒としてβゼオライトに金属を担持した触媒(特許文献2)や、アルミナ、硫酸アルミニウム、銀を主成分とする触媒(特許文献3)が知られている。しかし、反応温度は前者の方法では600℃以上と高く、後者の方法では350℃程度である。
 特許文献4には還元剤を用いない直接分解法が記載され、その対照例3には水素化したゼオライトに金属を担持させた触媒を用い、温度400℃でNOx除去率は10%以下であったことが示されている。しかし、この触媒では金属担持後も金属の酸点より強い酸点であるプロトン酸点が一部残るため、NOはより強い酸点を優先的にアタックし、脱硝反応が進行しにくい。
特開平11-151440号公報 特開2004-358454号公報 特開2010-29783号公報 特公平07-106300号公報
 上述のとおり、従来、舶用機関のように温度250℃付近の低温排ガスに対しては実用的な触媒性能を有する触媒は見い出せていなかった。
 その原因は、直接分解法および還元除去法では、触媒上でNOが分解した際に生成する酸素が触媒表面から除去されないことにある。従って、触媒表面の酸素を除去することが可能となれば直接分解法および還元除去法が可能と考えられる。
 
 本発明者らは検討を重ねた結果、MFI型ゼオライトをFe、CoおよびMnのうちの少なくとも一種でイオン交換させた触媒に排ガスを温度200~350℃、好ましくは220~320℃、より好ましくは230~300℃、より好ましくは230~270℃の範囲で接触させることで効果的にNOxを低減できることを見出した。
 MFI型ゼオライトは市販品であってよい。
 イオン交換方法は、たとえば、Fe、Coおよび/またはMnの前駆体化合物を含む水溶液にMFI型ゼオライトを懸濁させ、濾過、洗浄の後、該ゼオライトを乾燥ついで焼成する方法であってよい。前駆体化合物はFe、Coおよび/またはMnの無機酸塩(例えば硝酸塩、硫酸塩)、有機酸塩(例えば酢酸塩)であってよい。
 Fe、CoおよびMnのうちの少なくとも一種でイオン交換させた後のゼオライトには、ナトリウム、上記イオン交換金属、プロトンの部分に酸点があり、各酸点における酸強度はプロトン>イオン交換金属>ナトリウムの順となる。脱硝反応は、イオン交換金属の酸点で一酸化窒素が分解されることで進行する。
硫酸アンモニウム/硫酸水素アンモニウムの析出温度が三酸化硫黄濃度とアンモニア濃度に関係することを示すグラフである。 触媒の性能評価を行うための試験装置を示す概略フロー図である。
 次に本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明する。
実施例1
Fe/ゼオライト触媒
 市販のMFI型ゼオライト4gを0.05MのFe(NO・9H0水溶液500m1に50℃で6時間懸濁させた後、これを濾過、洗浄し、120℃で12時間乾燥し、さらに400℃で6時間焼成した。こうしてFeイオン交換ゼオライト触媒を得た。この触媒のFe担持量は2.0wt%であった。
実施例2
Co/ゼオライト触媒
 市販のMFI型ゼオライト4gを0.01MのCo(NO水溶液500mlに80℃で18時間懸濁させた後、これを濾過、洗浄し、120℃で12時間乾燥し、さらに500℃で4時間焼成した。こうしてCoイオン交換ゼオライト触媒を得た。この触媒のCo担持量は2.31wt%であった。
実施例3
Mn/ゼオライト触媒
 市販のMFI型ゼオライト4gを0.01MのMn(CHCOO)水溶液500m1に80℃で18時間懸濁させた後、これを濾過、洗浄し、120℃で12時間乾燥し、さらに500℃で4時間焼成した。こうしてMnイオン交換ゼオライト触媒を得た。この触媒のMn担持量は4.0wt%であった。
比較例1
 A1 4gを0.05MのFe(NO・9H0水溶液500mlに80℃で6時間懸濁させた後、これを濾過し、120℃で12時間乾燥し、さらに400℃で6時間焼成した。こうしてFe担持A1触媒を得た。この触媒のFe担持量は2.0wt%であった。
比較例2
 市販のβ型ゼオライト4gを0.01MのCo(NO水溶液500m1に80℃で18時間懸濁させた後、これを濾過、洗浄し、120℃で12時間乾燥し、さらに500℃で4時間焼成した。こうしてCoイオン交換ゼオライト触媒を得た。この触媒のCo担持量は3.8wt%であった。
触媒性能評価
 上記で得られた触媒をプレス成形後に粉砕し、メッシュサイズ28から14に整粒し、得られた粒状触媒を、図2に示す試験装置を用いる評価試験に供した。図2中,(1)は脱硝反応器、(2)は蒸発器、(3)はポンプ、(4)は水槽である。試験条件を表1に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 表2に試験結果を示す。出口でNOが生じているのは、平衡の関係からである。供給ガス中の空気中の酸素によってNOがNOに酸化される。触媒量を増すことで脱硝率を向上させることができる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 実施例においてはいずれの触媒においても比較例より高い脱硝率が得られており、本発明の触媒が反応温度250℃で高い触媒性能を有することがわかる。
   

Claims (3)

  1. MFI型ゼオライトをFe、CoおよびMnのうちの少なくとも一種でイオン交換させたことを特徴とする、燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去触媒。
  2. 請求項1記載の触媒に排ガスを温度200~350℃の範囲で接触させることを特徴とする、排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
  3.  触媒に排ガスを温度220~320℃の範囲で接触させることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
PCT/JP2012/078911 2011-11-08 2012-11-08 燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物の除去触媒および同触媒を用いる窒素酸化物の除去方法 Ceased WO2013069713A1 (ja)

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