CN104955567B - 氨分解用催化剂 - Google Patents
氨分解用催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104955567B CN104955567B CN201380071657.0A CN201380071657A CN104955567B CN 104955567 B CN104955567 B CN 104955567B CN 201380071657 A CN201380071657 A CN 201380071657A CN 104955567 B CN104955567 B CN 104955567B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000005915 ammonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/195—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种氨分解用催化剂,该氨分解用催化剂在对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,即使在废气中含有高浓度的SOX(SO2及SO3),也具有稳定的氨分解性能。对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂为以担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,或者以担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷的催化剂。此时废气为船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气中含有氨及硫氧化物的气体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氨分解用催化剂,更具体而言,涉及即使在诸如船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等含有高浓度的硫氧化物(SOX)的废气中,也具有稳定的氨分解性能的氨分解用催化剂。
背景技术
通常,船舶等中所用的发动机包括船舶推进用发动机、发电机辅机用发动机、焚化炉,来自于上述2种发动机的废气量多,作为发动机,以化石燃料、特别是硫含量多的A重油、C重油为燃料的柴油发动机是主流,废气中的氮氧化物(NOX)为监管对象。
作为船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气中的氮的氧化物的去除方法,如下述专利文献1及2所记载,有在废气中添加氨类还原剂、使其与脱硝催化剂接触的方法。而且在这种情况下,脱硝催化剂的设置位置有在增压器前或后等各种方式。
此外,虽然有时将对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废热进行回收的热交换器设置于增压器下游,但若在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统的下游设置热交换器,就会在热交换器中堆积来源于发动机燃料、润滑油、还原剂的物质,导致热交换器的堵塞,从而出现连续的脱硝系统无法运行的问题。
此时,堆积于热交换器中的物质有来源于燃料和润滑油的煤烟、硫酸钙,除此之外,还检测到硫酸铵及/或硫酸氢铵。此外,确认到这些堆积物产生于添加氨类还原剂的情况下。
为了防止热交换器中的堆积,需要抑制硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵的生成。有效抑制硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵的生成的是降低废气中的硫氧化物(SOX)浓度或氨浓度。
作为降低SOX(SO2及SO3)浓度的方法,有用碱性水溶液等吸收的方法和使用硫含量少的燃料的方法。前者由于废气温度降低而导致热交换器的热回收效率降低,因而不优选。后者由于导致燃料费的增加而不优选。因此,作为减少SOX的方法,迄今为止尚未发现有效的方法。
另一方面,作为减少氨的技术,有使用利用了氨氧化催化剂的氨分解装置的方法。下述专利文献3及4中,作为氨氧化催化剂,示出了在载铜(Cu)催化剂、钛(Ti)与硅(Si)的复合氧化物中担载钒(V)、钨(W)及铂(Pt)的催化剂,对含SOX的废气也是有效果的。然而,在专利文献3及4的说明书的各实施例中,仅记载了在不存在硫氧化物(SOX)的条件下的实验结果,且没有关于催化剂的长期稳定性的记载。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开第2011-149329号公报
专利文献2:特开第2012-82804号公报
专利文献3:特开平7-91644号公报
专利文献4:特开平7-289897号公报
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
通常,氨分解催化剂会因SOX而性能大幅降低,迄今为止尚未发现可适用于含SOX废气的氨分解催化剂。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种解决了上述现有技术问题,即使在船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等的硫氧化物浓度高的废气中,也具有稳定的氨分解性能的氨分解用催化剂,进而提供一种氨分解用催化剂,该氨分解用催化剂在对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,即使在将废热回收用热交换器设置于使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统的下游的情况下,也能抑制来源于还原剂的硫酸铵及/或硫酸氢铵的生成,并能阻止这些物质在热交换器中的堆积,因此不会导致热交换器的堵塞,并使连续的废气脱硝系统的运行成为可能。
解决技术问题的技术手段
本发明的发明人鉴于上述问题进行了深入研究,结果发现,对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,作为对硫氧化物(SOX)浓度高的废气中所含有的氨进行分解的催化剂,使用以担载氧化钛和氧化钒、或者氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,在其中进一步担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷的催化剂,由此使得废气中即使含有高浓度的SOX,也可以发挥稳定的氨分解性能,从而完成了本发明。
为了实现上述目的,权利要求1的发明为对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷。
权利要求2的发明为对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷。
权利要求3的发明为在权利要求1或2中记载的氨分解用催化剂,其特征在于,废气为含有氨及硫氧化物的内燃机废气。
发明效果
根据权利要求1及2的发明,其效果在于,对船舶用柴油发动机等内热机的废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,即使废气中含有高浓度的SOX(SO2及SO3),也可以发挥稳定的氨分解性能,进而在对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,即使在将废热回收用热交换器设置于使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统的下游的情况下,也能抑制来源于还原剂的硫酸铵及/或硫酸氢铵的生成,并能阻止这些物质在热交换器中的堆积,因此不会导致热交换器的堵塞,并使连续的废气脱硝系统的运行成为可能。
附图说明
图1为用于评价本发明的氨分解催化剂的性能的氨分解实验装置的工艺图。
具体实施方式
接着对本发明的实施方式进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
本发明为在对诸如船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,对含有高浓度的SOX(SO2及SO3)废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)及磷(P)。
此外,本发明为同一对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)及磷(P)。
在此,在配制由有效成分为氧化钛和氧化钒、或者氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂形成的催化剂基体时,作为钒的前驱体,优选使用偏钒酸铵(以下称为AMV)粉末。而且,偏钒酸铵粉末优选以累积含量计含有20%以上、优选25%以上的粒径为10μm以下的粒子。通过使用更细粒径的AMV粉末,使吸附于二氧化钛的偏钒酸铵粉末粒子的尺寸变小,分散性变佳,因而认为催化性能提高。此外,作为粒径小的AMV粉末,优选使用来自于诸如重油灰等石油类燃烧灰的再利用物。由此不仅使粉碎工序得到节省,由于是回收再利用物,使得催化剂的制造成本非常低廉,因而优选。
另一方面,作为钨的前驱体,优选使用偏钨酸铵(以下称为AMT)粉末。
并且,例如首先以特定比例向硅溶胶和水的混合液中添加二氧化钛(氧化钛)粉末,配制为浆料。接着,以特定比例向该浆料中添加粒径小的偏钒酸铵〃AMV粉末,搅拌后静置,使偏钒酸铵吸附到二氧化钛上。接着,以特定比例向该浆料中添加偏钨酸铵(以下称为AMT)的水溶液,配制为浆料。在这样配制的浆料中,浸渍例如由波板(波形板)和平板交替层积而成的蜂窝结构体,在蜂窝结构体中担载浆料中的催化剂前驱体物质,从浆料中取出蜂窝结构体进行干燥,接着进行烧制,制备波状〃蜂窝结构型催化剂基体。
这样,作为由担载有氧化钛和钒的氧化物、或者担载有氧化钛、钒的氧化物和钨的氧化物的波状〃蜂窝结构型脱硝催化剂形成的催化剂基体,为了进一步向其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷,例如按照下述方式进行实施。
即,将由上述脱硝催化剂形成的催化剂基体浸渍于硝酸锌[Zn(NO3)2]水溶液后,取出,例如在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载锌的氧化物(ZnO2)。接着将催化剂基体浸渍于硝酸钙[Ca(NO3)2]水溶液后,取出,例如在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载钙的氧化物(CaO)。进一步将催化剂基体浸渍于磷酸水溶液后,取出,例如在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载磷的氧化物(P2O3)。
相对于由担载有氧化钛和氧化钒、或者担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂形成的催化剂基体,如上所述得到的本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂的各催化活性成分的担载量,以元素换算:锌(Zn)为0.01~5.0重量%,优选为0.05~1.0重量%;钙(Ca)为0.01~5.0重量%,优选为0.05~1.0重量%,磷(P)为0.01~5.0重量%,优选为0.05至1.0重量%。
根据本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂,通过使用以担载有氧化钛和氧化钒、或者担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,在其中进一步担载作为催化活性成分的锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)及磷(P)的催化剂,在对船舶用柴油发动机等内热机的废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,即使在废气中含有高浓度的SOX(SO2及SO3),也可以发挥稳定的氨分解性能。
实施例
接下来对本发明的实施例和比较例同时进行说明,但本发明不并不局限于这些实施例。
(实施例1)
按以下步骤制备基于本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂。
(1)首先,作为充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂,使用了担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的市售波状〃蜂窝结构型脱硝催化剂(商品名:NOXNON700,日立造船社制)。
(2)将上述充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂浸渍于硝酸锌[Zn(NO3)2]水溶液中10分钟之后,取出,在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载氧化锌。
(3)接着,将该充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂浸渍于硝酸钙[Ca(NO3)2]水溶液10分钟之后,取出,在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载氧化钙。
(4)进一步,将该充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂浸渍于磷酸[H3PO4]水溶液10分钟之后,取出,例如在110℃下进行干燥后,在400℃的空气中进行烧制,由此担载氧化磷。
(5)相对于由担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂形成的催化剂基体,充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂所担载的氨分解用催化剂的各催化活性成分的担载量以元素换算:锌(Zn)为0.2重量%、钙(Ca)为0.7重量%、磷(P)为0.6重量%。
(实施例2)
以与实施例1的情况相同的方式,制备根据本发明的废气中的氨
分解用催化剂,与实施例1的情况的不同之处在于,作为充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂,使用担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的市售波状〃蜂窝结构型脱硝催化剂(商品名:NOXNON700,日立造船社制)。
充当催化剂基体的脱硝催化剂所担载的氨分解用催化剂的各催化活性成分的担载量以元素换算:锌(Zn)为0.22重量%、钙(Ca)为0.78重量%、磷(P)为0.67重量%。
(性能试验)
为了对在实施例1和2中制备的根据本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂的性能进行评价,使用图1所示实验装置进行下述试验(图1中的MF是指质量流量控制器)。
作为废气,如下述表1所示,将分别含有13.8的氧气(O2)(体积%-干)、4.95的水(H2O)(体积%-湿)、1020的氮氧化物(NOX)(ppmvd)、850的氨气(NH3)(ppmvd)、600的硫氧化物(SOX)(ppmvd)的合成气体在370(℃)的温度下作为废气供给,进行氨分解处理工序。
[表1]
然后,在图1所示实验装置的氨分解反应器中,分别填充在实施例1和2中制备的基于本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂。
此外,作为比较,在比较例1中填充在氧化钛中担载有钒的氧化物及钨的氧化物的市售波状〃蜂窝结构型脱硝催化剂(商品名:NOXNON700,日立造船社制),在比较例2中填充市售的由担载铂的氧化铝形成的氨分解用催化剂(商品名:DASH20M,N.E.CHEMCAT社制)。
如下述表2所示,将实验装置的氨分解反应器中的面积速度设为50(m/h),反应温度设为420℃。
在本文中,面积速度为每单位蜂窝型催化剂的气体接触面积的气体处理量,由下式表示。
面积速度=气体处理量(Nm3/h)/气体接触面积(m2)
然后,对于填充有各催化剂的氨分解反应器,测定SOX添加前的氨分解率(%)和SOX添加500小时后的氨分解率(%),所得结果一起记于下下述表2中。
[表2]
从表2的结果可以清楚的确认,通过将本发明的实施例1及实施例2与比较例1相比较,通过以担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨、或者担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)及磷(P),能够获得氨分解性能。
此外,通过实施例1与比较例2的比较,可以明确本发明的实施例1的氨分解用催化剂在SOX添加后也能获得稳定的氨分解率。
由以上结果可以确认,根据本发明的废气中的氨分解用催化剂,在对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,即使在废气中含有高浓度的SOX(SO2及SO3),也可以发挥稳定的氨分解性能,进而在对船舶用柴油发动机等内燃机的废气等进行净化处理时,即使在将废热回收用热交换器设置于使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统的下游的情况下,也能抑制来源于还原剂的硫酸铵及/或硫酸氢铵的生成,并能阻止这些物质在热交换器中的堆积,因此不会导致热交换器的堵塞,并使连续的废气脱硝系统的运行成为可能。
Claims (3)
1.一种氨分解用催化剂,该氨分解用催化剂为在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,通过与氧气反应对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛和氧化钒的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷各自的氧化物形态。
2.一种氨分解用催化剂,该氨分解用催化剂为在对船舶用柴油发动机内燃机的废气进行净化处理时,在将废热回收用热交换器设置于使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统的下游的情况下,在使用了氨类还原剂的脱硝催化系统之后,通过与氧气反应对废气中的氨进行分解的催化剂,其特征在于,以担载有氧化钛、氧化钒和氧化钨的脱硝催化剂为催化剂基体,进一步在其中担载作为催化活性成分的锌、钙及磷各自的氧化物形态。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氨分解用催化剂,其特征在于,废气为含有氨及硫氧化物的内燃机废气。
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- 2013-10-31 WO PCT/JP2013/079511 patent/WO2014119067A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-10-31 EP EP13873998.2A patent/EP2952255A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-10-31 CN CN201380071657.0A patent/CN104955567B/zh active Active
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Patent Citations (2)
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US5877330A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1999-03-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Vanadium-containing catalysts, process for manufacturing and use of the same |
CN102159314A (zh) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 氨分解催化剂及其制备方法以及氨处理方法 |
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WO2014119067A1 (ja) | 2014-08-07 |
JP2014144424A (ja) | 2014-08-14 |
KR20150110557A (ko) | 2015-10-02 |
EP2952255A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
CN104955567A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
EP2952255A4 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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