WO2013054631A1 - 燃料電池セル - Google Patents
燃料電池セル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054631A1 WO2013054631A1 PCT/JP2012/073415 JP2012073415W WO2013054631A1 WO 2013054631 A1 WO2013054631 A1 WO 2013054631A1 JP 2012073415 W JP2012073415 W JP 2012073415W WO 2013054631 A1 WO2013054631 A1 WO 2013054631A1
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- air electrode
- phase
- fuel
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- solid electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
- C04B2235/3277—Co3O4
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/441—Alkoxides, e.g. methoxide, tert-butoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the fuel cell includes a fuel cell and an interconnector.
- the fuel battery cell includes a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode.
- the present invention is based on such new knowledge, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel battery cell capable of improving durability.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention includes a fuel electrode, an air electrode containing a main phase composed of a perovskite oxide containing cobalt, and a second phase composed of tricobalt tetroxide, and a fuel electrode And a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the air electrodes.
- the occupation ratio of the second phase in the cross section of the air electrode is 9.8% or less.
- Sectional view showing the configuration of the fuel cell SEM image of cross section of anode active layer Histogram in which luminance distribution in SEM image is classified into 256 gradations
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SOFC
- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cell 10.
- the cell 10 is a thin plate made of a ceramic material.
- the thickness of the cell 10 is, for example, 300 ⁇ m to 3 mm, and the diameter of the cell 10 is, for example, 5 mm to 50 mm.
- a fuel cell can be formed by connecting a plurality of cells 10 in series by an interconnector.
- the cell 10 includes a fuel electrode 11, a solid electrolyte layer 12, a barrier layer 13, and an air electrode 14.
- the fuel electrode 11 functions as an anode of the cell 10. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the fuel electrode 11 includes a fuel electrode current collecting layer 111 and a fuel electrode active layer 112.
- the anode current collecting layer 111 may be a porous plate-like fired body containing a transition metal and an oxygen ion conductive material.
- the anode current collecting layer 111 may include, for example, nickel oxide (NiO) and / or nickel (Ni) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ, 8YSZ, 10YSZ, etc.).
- the thickness of the anode current collecting layer 111 can be 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the thickness of the anode current collecting layer 111 may be the largest among the constituent members of the cell 10 when it functions as a substrate.
- the volume ratio of Ni and / or NiO can be 35 to 65% by volume in terms of Ni, and the volume ratio of YSZ can be 35 to 65% by volume.
- the anode current collecting layer 111 may include yttria (Y 2 O 3 ) instead of YSZ.
- the anode active layer 112 is disposed between the anode current collecting layer 111 and the solid electrolyte layer 12.
- the anode active layer 112 is a porous plate-like fired body containing a transition metal and an oxygen ion conductive material.
- the anode active layer 112 may contain NiO and / or Ni and yttria-stabilized zirconia, like the anode current collecting layer 111.
- the thickness of the anode active layer 112 can be set to 5.0 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of Ni and / or NiO can be 25 to 50% by volume in terms of Ni, and the volume ratio of YSZ can be 50 to 75% by volume.
- the anode active layer 112 may have a higher YSZ content than the anode current collecting layer 111.
- the anode active layer 112 may contain a zirconia-based material such as scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) instead of YSZ.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 is disposed between the fuel electrode 11 and the barrier layer 13.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 has a function of transmitting oxygen ions generated at the air electrode 14.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 contains zirconium (Zr).
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 may contain Zr as zirconia (ZrO 2 ).
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 may contain ZrO 2 as a main component.
- the solid electrolyte layer 12 may contain additives such as Y 2 O 3 and / or Sc 2 O 3 in addition to ZrO 2 . These additives function as stabilizers.
- mol compositional ratio of ZrO 2 stabilizer is 3: 97 to 20: may be about 80.
- examples of the material of the solid electrolyte layer 12 include yttria-stabilized zirconia such as 3YSZ, 8YSZ, and 10YSZ, and zirconia-based materials such as ScSZ.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the barrier layer 13 is disposed between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the air electrode 14.
- the barrier layer 13 has a function of suppressing the formation of a high resistance layer between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the air electrode 14.
- the material of the barrier layer 13 include cerium (Ce) and a ceria-based material containing a rare earth metal oxide dissolved in Ce.
- the ceria-based material include GDC ((Ce, Gd) O 2 : Gadolinium doped ceria), SDC ((Ce, Sm) O 2 : samarium doped ceria) and the like.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 13 can be 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the air electrode 14 is disposed on the barrier layer 13.
- the air electrode 14 functions as a cathode of the cell 10.
- the thickness of the air electrode 14 can be 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the air electrode 14 contains a perovskite oxide containing Co (cobalt) as a main phase.
- the perovskite oxide containing Co for example, lanthanum-containing perovskite complex oxide, SSC (Samarium Strontium Cobaltite: SmSrCoO 3 ) or the like not containing lanthanum is preferably used, but is not limited thereto.
- Examples of the lanthanum-containing perovskite complex oxide include LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) and LSC (lanthanum cobaltite).
- the air electrode 14 contains a second phase constituted by Co 3 O 4 (tricobalt tetroxide). As described later, the area occupation ratio of the second phase in the cross section of the air electrode 14 is preferably 9.8% or less, and more preferably 0.32% or more.
- the air electrode 14 may contain an oxide containing an element constituting a perovskite oxide, in addition to the second phase constituted by Co 3 O 4 .
- the air electrode 14 may contain a third phase composed of CoO (cobalt oxide). However, the area occupation ratio of the third phase in the cross section of the air electrode 14 is preferably less than 0.10%.
- the area occupancy of the second phase and the third phase in the cross section of the air electrode 14 is the added amount, state (being an oxide, etc.) or grain of the additive raw material (for example, Co 3 O 4 or CoO). It can be controlled by adjusting the diameter, and can be calculated in a sure manner by analysis of an SEM image described later.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the air electrode 14 magnified at a magnification of 10,000 times by an FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) using an in-lens secondary electron detector. It is a SEM image.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the air electrode 14 containing LSCF ((La 0.6 Sr 0.4 ) (Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 ) O 3 ) as a main component. Ion milling is performed by IM4000 from High Technologies.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM image obtained by an FE-SEM (model: ULTRA55) manufactured by Zeiss (Germany) set at an acceleration voltage of 1 kV and a working distance of 2 mm.
- the main phase (LSCF), the second phase (Co 3 O 4 ), and the pores are individually displayed due to the difference in brightness.
- the main phase is “light gray” and the second phase is “ Dark gray “and pores are displayed in” black ".
- Such ternarization of the main phase, the second phase, and the pores can be realized by classifying the luminance of the image into 256 gradations.
- FIG. 3 is a histogram in which the luminance distribution of the SEM image shown in FIG. 2 is classified into 256 gradations.
- the luminance of the second phase is detected at a low frequency from the low luminance side of the main phase to the high luminance side of the pores. Therefore, in FIG. 2, the second phase is displayed with a darker contrast than the main phase and a brighter contrast than the pores.
- the method for discriminating the main phase, the second phase, and the pores is not limited to using the light / dark difference in the SEM image.
- the method for discriminating the main phase, the second phase, and the pores is not limited to using the light / dark difference in the SEM image.
- by obtaining element mapping by SEM-EDS in the same field of view by identifying each particle in the SEM image against a previously obtained FE-SEM image using an in-lens secondary electron detector
- the main phase, the second phase, and the pores can be ternarized with high accuracy.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a result of image analysis of the SEM image shown in FIG. 2 by image analysis software HALCON manufactured by MVTec (Germany).
- the main phase is surrounded by a broken line
- the second phase is surrounded by a solid line.
- the area occupation ratio of the second phase is preferably 9.8% or less, and more preferably 0.32% or more.
- the area occupancy of the second phase is reduced, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in initial output and energize by the reaction between the second phase and the main phase.
- the area occupation ratio of the second phase is 0.32% or more, that is, by introducing an appropriate amount of the second phase, the sinterability is improved when the air electrode 14 is fired, and the porous structure skeleton is formed. Can be strengthened. Thereby, since the micro structural change at the time of electricity supply can be suppressed, durability of an air electrode can be improved.
- Such an area occupancy ratio of the second phase can be controlled by adjusting the addition amount, state (being an oxide, etc.) or particle size of the additive raw material added to the material of the air electrode 14. . That is, the area occupancy ratio of the second phase in the cross section of the air electrode 14 can be calculated in a definite manner by analyzing the SEM image as described above. It is controlled by adjusting the amount of addition.
- oxide powder such as Co 3 O 4 powder
- oxide powder such as Co 3 O 4 powder
- oxide powder such as Co 3 O 4 powder
- hydroxide powder Co hydroxide powder etc.
- chloride powder Co chloride etc.
- metal powder Co powder etc.
- the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the second phase is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the equivalent circle diameter is the diameter of a circle having the same area as the area of each region (particles constituting the second phase) surrounded by a solid line in FIG.
- the average value is calculated by dividing the sum of equivalent circle diameters of all particles by the number of particles.
- the second phase of extremely fine particles (for example, an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less) can be generated by adding a fine additive material.
- a fine additive material for example, an organic compound is used. It is preferable to use it.
- di-i-propoxycobalt (II) (chemical formula: Co (Oi-C 3 H 7 ) 2 ) is used as an organic metal containing cobalt. Etc. are preferably used.
- II di-i-propoxycobalt
- Etc. are preferably used.
- the organometallic compound the effect of improving the sinterability at the time of firing can be obtained as in the case of adding the metal powder.
- the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the second phase can be controlled by adjusting the particle size of the additive raw material described above.
- the particle size adjustment of the additive raw material which is a powder, enables precise classification including an upper limit value and a lower limit value by using an airflow classifier.
- the density of the second phase is smaller than the density of the main phase.
- the density of the second phase can be controlled by adjusting the density of the additive raw material with respect to the main phase raw material.
- molded body refers to a state before firing.
- polyvinyl alcohol PVA
- a binder a mixture of NiO powder, YSZ powder, and a pore-forming agent (for example, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate resin)) to prepare a slurry.
- a slurry is dried and granulated with a spray dryer to obtain a fuel electrode current collecting layer powder.
- a molded body of the fuel electrode current collecting layer 111 is formed by molding the fuel electrode powder by a die press molding method.
- polyvinyl alcohol is added as a binder to a mixture of NiO powder, YSZ powder, and a pore-forming agent (for example, PMMA) to prepare a slurry.
- this slurry is printed on the molded body of the anode current collecting layer 111 by a printing method to form a molded body of the anode active layer 112. Thereby, a molded body of the fuel electrode 11 is formed.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing a mixture of water and a binder with YSZ powder in a ball mill for 24 hours.
- the slurry is applied on the molded body of the fuel electrode 11 and dried to form a molded body of the solid electrolyte layer 12.
- a tape lamination method or a printing method may be used instead of the coating method.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing a mixture of water and a binder with GDC powder in a ball mill for 24 hours.
- the molded body of the barrier layer 13 is formed by applying and drying the slurry on the molded body of the electrolyte membrane 120. Note that a tape lamination method or a printing method may be used instead of the coating method.
- the laminated body is co-sintered at 1300 to 1600 ° C. for 2 to 20 hours, so that the fuel electrode current collecting layer 111 and the fuel electrode active layer 112, the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the dense barrier are formed.
- a co-fired body of layer 13 is formed.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing Co 3 O 4 powder, water, and a binder with LSCF powder in a ball mill for 24 hours.
- the porous air electrode 14 is formed on the barrier layer 13 by firing in an electric furnace (oxygen-containing atmosphere, 1000 ° C.) for 1 hour. Form.
- an electric furnace oxygen-containing atmosphere, 1000 ° C.
- the sectional view of the air electrode 14 containing LSCF as a main phase is used, but the air electrode 14 may be LSC (lanthanum cobaltite) or SSC (samarium strontium cobaltite). It is only necessary to contain a perovskite oxide containing Co such as) as a main phase.
- the cell 10 includes the fuel electrode 11, the solid electrolyte layer 12, the barrier layer 13, and the air electrode 14.
- the cell 10 only needs to include the fuel electrode 11, the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the air electrode 14. Between the fuel electrode 11 and the solid electrolyte layer 12 and between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the air electrode 14, there are other cells. These layers may be inserted.
- the cell 10 may include a porous barrier layer between the barrier layer 13 and the air electrode 14 in addition to the barrier layer 13.
- the shape of the cell 10 may be a fuel electrode support type, a flat plate shape, a cylindrical shape, a vertical stripe type, a horizontal stripe type, or the like.
- the cross section of the cell 10 may be elliptical.
- Samples No. 1 to No. 37 of the fuel electrode supporting cell using the fuel electrode current collecting layer as a supporting substrate were produced as follows.
- a printing method a printing method.
- an 8YSZ electrolyte having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and a GDC barrier film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m were sequentially formed on the fuel electrode active layer to produce a laminate.
- a co-fired body was obtained by co-sintering the laminate at 1400 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, an air electrode having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was baked at 1000 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare samples No. 1 to No. 37 of fuel electrode supported coin cells ( ⁇ 15 mm).
- Samples No. 1 to No. 18 and No. 27 to No. 33 use LSCF as the material constituting the air electrode, and Samples No. 19 to No. 22 and No. 34 to No. 35 use the air electrode.
- LSC was used as the constituent material
- SSC was used as the constituent material of the air electrode in Samples No. 23 to No. 26 and No. 36 to No. 37.
- Table 1 and Table 2 were prepared by adjusting the amount of Co 3 O 4 powder added in the molding process of the LSCF air electrode. As shown in Fig. 5, the area occupancy of the second phase composed of Co 3 O 4 was controlled to be different.
- the area occupancy rate of the third phase composed of CoO is adjusted as shown in Table 1 by adjusting the amount of CoO powder added in the molding process of the LSCF air electrode. Were controlled to be different.
- the air electrode of each sample was first subjected to precision mechanical polishing, and then subjected to ion milling processing using IM4000 of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
- the area occupancy rate of the third phase constituted by CoO in one field of view SEM image was also calculated by analyzing with image analysis software.
- the calculation result of the area occupancy ratio of CoO was as shown in Table 1 below.
- the durability of the air electrode can be improved by controlling the area occupancy of the second phase composed of Co 3 O 4 to an appropriate range.
- Table 2 summarizes the measurement results.
- Table 2 summarizes the measurement results.
- the case where the deterioration rate is 1.5% or less is evaluated as low deterioration.
- the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the second phase composed of Co 3 O 4 is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less, the deterioration rate can be suppressed sufficiently low. did it.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燃料電池を用いた発電を繰り返すうちに、得られる出力が低下することがある。本発明者らは、出力の低下の原因の1つが空気極の劣化によるものであり、この空気極の劣化が内部に導入される四酸化三コバルトの割合に関係することを新たに見出した。
(課題を解決するための手段)
本発明に係る燃料電池セルは、燃料極と、コバルトを含むペロブスカイト型酸化物によって構成される主相と、四酸化三コバルトによって構成される第2相と、を含有する空気極と、燃料極および空気極の間に配置される固体電解質層と、を備える。空気極の断面における第2相の占有率は、9.8%以下である。
(発明の効果)
本発明によれば、耐久性を向上可能な燃料電池セルを提供することができる。
燃料電池セル(以下、「セル」と略称する。)10の構成について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、セル10の構成を示す断面図である。
以下において、図2~図4を参照しながら、空気極14の微構造について説明する。
図2は、インレンズ二次電子検出器を用いたFE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope:電界放射型走査型電子顕微鏡)によって倍率10000倍に拡大された空気極14の断面SEM画像である。図2では、LSCF((La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3)を主成分として含有する空気極14の断面が示されており、この断面には、精密機械研磨後に株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズのIM4000によってイオンミリング加工処理が施されている。また、図2は、加速電圧:1kV、ワーキングディスタンス:2mmに設定されたZeiss社(ドイツ)製のFE-SEM(型式:ULTRA55)によって得られたSEM画像である。
図4は、図2に示すSEM画像をMVTec社(ドイツ)製の画像解析ソフトHALCONによって画像解析した結果を示す図である。図4では、主相が破線で囲まれ、第2相が実線で囲まれている。
次に、セル10の製造方法の一例について説明する。ただし、以下に述べる材料、粒径、温度、及び塗布方法等の各種条件は、適宜変更することができる。以下、「成形体」とは、焼成前の状態を指すものとする。
本発明は以上のような実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形又は変更が可能である。
以下のようにして、燃料極集電層を支持基板とする燃料極支持型セルのサンプルNo.1~No.37を作製した。
サンプルNo.1~No.37について、空気極の断面を観察した。
サンプルNo.1~No.26について、燃料極側に窒素ガス、空気極側に空気を供給しながら750℃まで昇温し、750℃に達した時点で燃料極に水素ガスを供給しながら還元処理を3時間行った。この後、サンプルNo.1~No.26について、1000時間当たりの電圧降下率を劣化率として測定した。出力密度として、温度が750℃で定格電流密度0.2A/cm2での値を使用した。
サンプルNo.27~No.37について、燃料極側に窒素ガス、空気極側に空気を供給しながら750℃まで昇温し、750℃に達した時点で燃料極に水素ガスを供給しながら還元処理を3時間行った。この後、サンプルNo.27~No.37について、1000時間当たりの電圧降下率を劣化率として測定した。出力密度として、温度が750℃で定格電流密度0.2A/cm2での値を使用した。
11 燃料極
111 燃料極集電層
112 燃料極活性層
12 固体電解質層
13 バリア層
14 空気極
Claims (6)
- 燃料極と、
コバルトを含むペロブスカイト型酸化物によって構成される主相と、四酸化三コバルトによって構成される第2相と、を含有する空気極と、
前記燃料極および前記空気極の間に配置される固体電解質層と、
を備え、
前記空気極の断面における前記第2相の面積占有率は、9.8%以下である、
燃料電池セル。 - 前記第2相の面積占有率は、0.32%以上である、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池セル。 - 前記断面における前記第2相の円相当径の平均値は、0.02μm以上かつ0.3μm以下である、
請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池セル。 - 前記第2相の密度は、前記主相の密度よりも小さい、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池セル。 - 前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、LSCFである、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の燃料電池セル。 - 前記空気極は、酸化コバルトによって構成される第3相を含有し、
前記空気極の断面における前記第3相の面積占有率は、0.1%未満である、
請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池セル。
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