WO2013040750A1 - 制备β-蒿甲醚的方法 - Google Patents

制备β-蒿甲醚的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013040750A1
WO2013040750A1 PCT/CN2011/079858 CN2011079858W WO2013040750A1 WO 2013040750 A1 WO2013040750 A1 WO 2013040750A1 CN 2011079858 W CN2011079858 W CN 2011079858W WO 2013040750 A1 WO2013040750 A1 WO 2013040750A1
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acetate
artemether
dihydroartemisinin
catalyst
solvent
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PCT/CN2011/079858
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李金亮
赵楠
姜飞
郑玉青
姚晓光
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上海迪赛诺药业有限公司
上海迪赛诺化学制药有限公司
江苏普信药物发展有限公司
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Priority to CN201180002521.5A priority Critical patent/CN103180325B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/079858 priority patent/WO2013040750A1/zh
Publication of WO2013040750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040750A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/12Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D493/18Bridged systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A61P33/06Antimalarials

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal chemistry, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing ⁇ _artemether. Background technique
  • Artemether has two epimers of ⁇ -artemether and ⁇ -artemether, and the main antimalarial activity is ⁇ -artemether.
  • the structural formula is as follows:
  • ⁇ -artemether Early methods for synthesizing ⁇ -artemether include: etherification of dihydroartemisinin (also known as reduced artemisinin) with methanol under the catalysis of boron trifluoride etherate at room temperature, and column chromatography after completion of the reaction. Separation was carried out to obtain a crude ⁇ -artemether in a yield of 59.5%. Recrystallization from n-hexane or methanol gives high purity ⁇ -artemether. See Li Ying et al., Science Bulletin, 1979, 24 (14), 667-9.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to disclose a method for preparing ⁇ -artemether to overcome the above disadvantages.
  • the method of the invention can make the amount of ⁇ -artemether produced in the methyl etherification reaction of dihydroartemisinin less than 6%, thereby increasing the yield to over 90%, and the purity of the product can be increased to 99.8% or more. Individual impurities can be less than 0.1%, meet the standards set by the World Health Organization, and meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia.
  • the invention provides a method for synthesizing ⁇ -artemether, comprising the following steps: using dihydroartemisinin as raw material, etherification reaction with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of a catalyst in an organic solvent to obtain ⁇ - Artemether.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of an ester solvent or a terpene hydrocarbon solvent.
  • the ester solvent is selected from the group consisting of methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, carbonic acid. Dimethyl ester, diethyl carbonate, propyl carbonate or isopropyl carbonate.
  • the anthraquinone hydrocarbon solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-hexyl hydrazine, n-glycol oxime or petroleum ether.
  • the ester solvent is preferably methyl acetate or ethyl acetate.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride etherate, trifluoroethylene Acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid.
  • the catalyst is preferably boron trifluoride etherate or methanesulfonic acid.
  • the molar ratio of dihydroartemisinin, catalyst, and trimethyl orthoformate is 1: 0.5-1.0: 0.03-0.3.
  • the molar ratio of dihydroartemisinin, catalyst, and trimethyl orthoformate is 1: 0.6-0.9: 0.05-0.15.
  • the method for synthesizing ⁇ -artemether is specifically described as: adding 1 equivalent of dihydroartemisinin to methyl acetate or ethyl acetate at room temperature, and adding 0.6-0.9 equivalent of the original Trimethyl formate is cooled to -5 to 5 ° C, and 0.05-0.15 equivalent of boron trifluoride diethyl ether or methanesulfonic acid is added and reacted for 1-3 hours. The temperature was raised to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 1-3 hours.
  • the method of the invention has the advantages of easy control of process operation, high yield, low cost, high product quality and is suitable for industrial production. detailed description
  • the method for producing ?-artemether of the present invention uses only trimethyl orthoformate as an etherifying agent.
  • the method for producing ⁇ -artemether of the present invention comprises the steps of: etherifying reaction with trimethyl orthoformate in an organic solvent using dihydroartemisinin to obtain ⁇ -artemether.
  • the organic solvent is selected from an ester solvent or a terpene hydrocarbon solvent.
  • ester solvent is selected from the group consisting of methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Propyl carbonate or isopropyl carbonate. Methyl acetate or ethyl acetate is preferred.
  • the terpene hydrocarbon solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-hexanide, n-glycol or petroleum ether.
  • the catalyst is selected from boron trifluoride etherate, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid. Preference is given to boron trifluoride etherate or methanesulfonic acid.
  • the molar ratio of dihydroartemisinin, catalytic oxime, and trimethyl orthoformate is 1:0.5-1.0: 0.03-0.3, preferably 1:0.6-0.9: 0.05-0.15.
  • the method of the present invention can be specifically described as follows: 1 mole of dihydroartemisinin is added to methyl acetate or ethyl acetate at room temperature, 0.6-0.9 moles of trimethyl orthoformate is added, and the mixture is cooled to -5 to 5 At 0.05 ° C, 0.05-0.15 mol of boron trifluoride diethyl ether or methanesulfonic acid is added and reacted for 1-3 hours. The temperature was raised to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 1-3 hours.
  • the technical features of each of the preferred technical solutions and the more preferred technical solutions may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution unless otherwise stated. For the purpose of brevity, the applicant has omitted the detailed description of these combinations in the specification, however, all the technical solutions combined with these technical features should be considered as being described in the specification in a clear manner.
  • Dihydroartemisinin (40.0 g, 0.14 mol) was added to 150 ml of ethyl acetate and trimethyl orthoformate (10.5 ml, 0.096 mol) under nitrogen atmosphere; cooled in an ice bath to reduce the temperature of the system to 0.
  • a solution of boron trifluoride etherate (2.0 ml, 0.016 mol) in ethyl acetate (50 ml) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction was continued at 0 ° C for 2 hours. The ice bath was removed, naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction was continued for 1 hour. The reaction was followed by TLC.
  • the obtained 43 g of crude product was at 40. Dissolved in 300 ml of methanol under C. After dissolution, the activated carbon was heated to 60 ° C to decolorize. After hot filtration, the filtrate was cooled to 40 ° C, and 300 ml of water was added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the temperature was naturally lowered to room temperature, and stirring was continued for 2 hours at room temperature, and then placed in a refrigerator overnight. After suction filtration, it was washed with a cold 1:1 mixture of methanol and water, and dried naturally to obtain 37.6 g of ⁇ -artemether with a molar yield of 90.1%. The purity by HPLC was 99.8%, and the individual impurities were all ⁇ 0.1%.
  • Example 3 The post-treatment method was the same as in Example 1, to obtain 38.2 g of ⁇ -artemether, the molar yield was 91.5%, the purity by HPLC was 99.5%, and the single impurity was ⁇ 0.1%.
  • the nuclear magnetic data is the same as above.
  • Dihydroartemisinin (10 g, 0.035 mol) was added to 50 ml of methyl acetate and trimethyl orthoformate (3.5 ml, 0.032 mol) under nitrogen atmosphere; cooled in an ice bath to reduce the temperature of the system to -5
  • a solution of boron trifluoride diethyl ether (1.0 ml, 7.9 mmol) in methyl acetate (20 ml) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction was continued at 0 ° C for 1.5 hours. The ice bath was removed, naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction was continued for 1 hour.
  • Example 4 The post-treatment method was the same as in Example 1, to obtain 9.3 g of ⁇ -artemether, the molar yield was 89.0%, the purity by HPLC was 99.5%, and the single impurity was ⁇ 0.1%.
  • the nuclear magnetic data is the same as above.
  • Dihydroartemisinin (10 g, 0.035 mol) was added to 80 ml of n-hexane and trimethyl orthoformate (3.6 ml, 0.033 mol) under nitrogen atmosphere; cooling in an ice bath, the temperature of the system was lowered to -5 ° C, a solution of boron trifluoride diethyl ether (1.0 ml, 7.9 mmol) in n-hexane (20 ml) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction was continued at 0 ° C for 2.5 hours. Withdraw Ice bath, naturally rise to room temperature, continue to react for 1 hour.
  • the post-treatment method was the same as in Example 1, to obtain 9.1 g of ⁇ -artemether, the molar yield was 87.1%, the purity by HPLC was 99.3%, and the single impurity was ⁇ 0.1%.

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Abstract

提供一种β-蒿甲醚的合成方法,以双氢青蒿素为原料,在有机溶剂中,在催化剂存在下与原甲酸三甲酯发生醚化反应,得到β-蒿甲醚,反应副产物α-蒿甲醚含量小于6%。

Description

制备 β-蒿甲醚的方法 技术领域
本发明属于药物化学技术领域, 具体涉及 β_蒿甲醚的合成方 法。 背景技术
疟疾是当今世界发病率最高、危害最重的蚊媒传染病, 尤其是 恶性疟, 至今仍威胁着热带、 亚热带国家亿万居民的健康。 蒿甲 醚系青蒿素的衍生物, 是由中国自主研发的治疗各种危重疟疾患 者和抢救脑型疟疾患者的特效药, 具有高效、 低毒、 使用方便、 与氯喹无交叉抗药性等优点, 是世界卫生组织 (WHO ) 推荐的首 选抗疟药, 已被 WHO列入基本药物核心目录。
蒿甲醚有 α-蒿甲醚和 β-蒿甲醚两个差向异构体, 具有抗疟活 性的主要是 β-蒿甲醚, 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000002_0001
早期合成 β-蒿甲醚的方法有: 室温下将双氢青蒿素(又称还原 青蒿素) 与甲醇在三氟化硼乙醚的催化下进行醚化反应, 反应结 束后用柱层析进行分离, 得到 β-蒿甲醚粗品, 收率为 59.5%。 再用 正己垸或甲醇重结晶得到高纯度的 β-蒿甲醚。 见李英等, 《科学通 报》 , 1979, 24 ( 14 ) , 667-9。 为提高收率, 后期陆续报道了一些改进工艺, 比如: 将双氢青 蒿素与甲醇在三氟乙酸的催化下, 在二氯甲垸溶剂中, 40 °C下进 行反应, 可得到 70%收率、 99.3%含量的 β-蒿甲醚。 见李雪芳等, 《化学与生物工程》 , 2009, 26 ( 6 ) , 54-8。
本发明人在按照上述文献公开的方法合成 β-蒿甲醚时发现,反 应过程中均会产生 15%左右的 α-蒿甲醚, 所以使得 β-蒿甲醚的收率 无法进一歩提高。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于公开一种制备 β-蒿甲醚的方 法, 以克服上述不足之处。
本发明的方法可以使得双氢青蒿素的甲醚化反应中产生的 α- 蒿甲醚的量小于 6%, 从而可将收率提高到 90%以上, 产品纯度可 提高到 99.8%以上, 单个杂质均可小于 0.1%, 达到世界卫生组织规 定的标准, 符合美国药典要求。 本发明提供一种合成 β-蒿甲醚的方法, 包括如下歩骤: 以双氢 青蒿素为原料, 在有机溶剂中, 在催化剂存在下与原甲酸三甲酯 发生醚化反应, 得到 β-蒿甲醚。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述有机溶剂选自酯类溶剂或垸烃类 溶剂。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述酯类溶剂选自甲酸甲酯、 甲酸乙 酯、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸异丙酯、 乙酸丁酯、 乙酸异丁酯、 碳酸二甲酯、 碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸丙酯或碳酸异丙酯。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述垸烃类溶剂选自正己垸、正庚垸 或石油醚。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述酯类溶剂优选乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙 酯。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述催化剂选自三氟化硼乙醚、三氟 乙酸、 对甲苯磺酸或甲磺酸。
在一优选的实施方式中,所述催化剂优选三氟化硼乙醚或甲磺 酸。
在一优选的实施方式中, 双氢青蒿素、 催化剂、 原甲酸三甲酯 三者的摩尔比为 1 : 0.5-1.0: 0.03-0.3。
在一优选的实施方式中, 双氢青蒿素、 催化剂、 原甲酸三甲酯 三者的摩尔比为 1 : 0.6-0.9: 0.05-0.15。
在一优选的实施方式中, 合成 β-蒿甲醚的方法被具体描述为: 室温下将 1当量的双氢青蒿素加入到乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯中, 加入 0.6-0.9当量的原甲酸三甲酯, 冷却到 -5〜5 °C, 加入 0.05-0.15当量 的三氟化硼乙醚或甲磺酸, 反应 1-3小时。 再升温至室温, 再继续 反应 1-3小时。 本发明方法工艺操作易控制, 收率高, 成本低, 产品质量高, 适合工业化生产。 具体实施方式
本发明的制备 β-蒿甲醚的方法仅仅使用原甲酸三甲酯作为醚 化试剂。
本发明的制备 β-蒿甲醚的方法, 包括如下歩骤: 以双氢青蒿素 为原料, 在有机溶剂中与原甲酸三甲酯发生醚化反应, 得到 β-蒿甲 醚。
所述有机溶剂选自酯类溶剂或垸烃类溶剂。
其中酯类溶剂选自甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸异丙酯、 乙酸丁酯、 乙酸异丁酯、 碳酸二甲酯、 碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸丙酯或碳酸异丙酯。 优选乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯。
垸烃类溶剂选自正己垸、 正庚垸或石油醚。
所述催化剂选自三氟化硼乙醚、三氟乙酸、对甲苯磺酸或甲磺 酸。 优选三氟化硼乙醚或甲磺酸。 双氢青蒿素、催化齐 lj、原甲酸三甲酯三者的摩尔比为 1 : 0.5-1.0: 0.03-0.3, 优选 1 : 0.6-0.9: 0.05-0.15。
本发明方法歩骤具体可描述为: 室温下将 1摩尔的双氢青蒿素 加入到乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯中, 加入 0.6-0.9摩尔的原甲酸三甲酯, 冷却到 -5〜5 °C, 加入 0.05-0.15摩尔的三氟化硼乙醚或甲磺酸, 反 应 1-3小时。 再升温至室温, 再继续反应 1-3小时。 在本说明书中, 除非有其他说明,各个优选技术方案和更优选 技术方案的技术特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。 为了简要 目的, 申请人在说明书中省略了这些组合的具体描述, 然而, 所 有这些技术特征组合后的技术方案均应当被认为以明确的方式书 面记载于本说明书中。
下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。应理解, 这些实施例仅 用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体 条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和份数按重量计算。 实施例 1
在氮气保护下, 将双氢青蒿素 (40.0g, 0.14mol) 加入到 150ml 的乙酸乙酯和原甲酸三甲酯 ( 10.5ml, 0.096mol) 中; 冰浴冷却, 将 体系温度降到 0°C, 滴加入三氟化硼乙醚(2.0ml, 0.016mol) 的乙酸 乙酯 (50ml) 溶液。 滴加完毕, 保持在 0°C继续反应 2小时。 撤去冰 浴, 自然升到室温, 继续反应 1小时。 TLC跟踪反应, 确认反应完全 后将温度冷却到 5°C, 滴加饱和碳酸氢钠溶液, 调节 pH值至 7-8。分 层, 有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤一次, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 减压蒸馏得到 约 43g的半固体。
将得到的 43g粗品在 40。C下用 300ml甲醇溶解。 溶解后加入活性 炭升温到 60°C脱色。 趁热过滤后将滤液冷却至 40°C, 滴加水 300ml。 滴完后自然降温至室温, 室温下继续搅拌 2小时, 然后置冰箱过夜。 抽滤, 用冷的 1 : 1的甲醇和水的混合溶液洗涤, 自然干燥, 得到 37.6g 的 β-蒿甲醚, 摩尔收率 90.1%, HPLC检测纯度为 99.8%, 单个杂质 均<0.1%。 1H-NMR: 5 0.93(d, 7H), 1.21(m, IH), 1.32(s, 6H), 1.63(m, IH), 1.75(m, 2H), 1.89(m, IH), 2.05(m, IH), 2.32(m, IH), 2.53(m, IH), 3.39(s, 3H), 4.60(d, IH), 5.38(s, IH). 实施例 2
将双氢青蒿素 ( 40g, 0.14mol ) 加入到 150ml的乙酸甲酯和原 甲酸三甲酯 ( 12.0ml, O. l lmol) 中; 冰浴冷却, 将体系温度降到 5 V, 滴加入甲磺酸 (1.0ml, 7.9mmol ) 的乙酸甲酯 (50ml) 溶液。 滴加完毕, 保持在 5 °C继续反应 1小时。 撤去冰浴, 自然升到室温, 继续反应 1小时。
后处理方法同实施例 1,得到 38.2g的 β-蒿甲醚,摩尔收率 91.5%, HPLC检测纯度为 99.5%, 单个杂质均 <0.1%。 核磁数据同上。 实施例 3
在氮气保护下, 将双氢青蒿素 ( 10g, 0.035mol ) 加入到 50ml 的乙酸甲酯和原甲酸三甲酯 ( 3.5ml , 0.032mol ) 中; 冰浴冷却, 将体系温度降到 -5 °C, 滴加入三氟化硼乙醚(1.0ml, 7.9mmol) 的 乙酸甲酯 (20ml) 溶液。 滴加完毕, 保持在 0 °C继续反应 1.5小时。 撤去冰浴, 自然升到室温, 继续反应 1小时。
后处理方法同实施例 1, 得到 9.3g的 β-蒿甲醚, 摩尔收率 89.0%, HPLC检测纯度为 99.5%, 单个杂质均 <0.1%。 核磁数据同上。 实施例 4
在氮气保护下, 将双氢青蒿素 ( 10g, 0.035mol ) 加入到 80ml 的正己垸和原甲酸三甲酯 (3.6ml, 0.033mol ) 中; 冰浴冷却, 将 体系温度降到 -5 °C, 滴加入三氟化硼乙醚(1.0ml, 7.9mmol) 的正 己垸(20ml) 溶液。 滴加完毕, 保持在 0°C继续反应 2.5小时。 撤去 冰浴, 自然升到室温, 继续反应 1小时。
后处理方法同实施例 1, 得到 9.1g的 β-蒿甲醚, 摩尔收率 87.1%, HPLC检测纯度为 99.3%, 单个杂质均 <0.1%。
核磁数据同上。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一 篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述 内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价 形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种合成 β-蒿甲醚的方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下歩骤: 以双氢青蒿素为原料, 在有机溶剂中, 在催化剂存在下与原甲酸 三甲酯发生醚化反应, 得到 β-蒿甲醚。
2、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述有机溶剂选自 酯类溶剂或垸烃类溶剂。
3、如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 其中酯类溶剂选自 甲酸甲酯、 甲酸乙酯、 乙酸甲酯. 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸异 丙酯、 乙酸丁酯、 乙酸异丁酯、 1炭酸二甲酯、 碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸 丙酯或碳酸异丙酯。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述垸烃类溶剂选 自正己垸、 正庚垸或石油醚。
5、如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述酯类溶剂优选 乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯。
6、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述催化剂选自三 氟化硼乙醚、 三氟乙酸、 对甲苯磺酸或甲磺酸。
7、如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述催化剂优选三 氟化硼乙醚或甲磺酸。
8、如权利要求 1、 3或 6所述的方法,其特征在于,双氢青蒿素. 催化剂、 原甲酸三甲酯三者的摩尔比为 1 : 0.5-1.0: 0.03-0.3。
9. 如权利要求 1、 3或 6所述的方法,其特征在于,双氢青蒿素、 催化剂、 原甲酸三甲酯三者的摩尔比为 1 : 0.6-0.9: 0.05-0.15。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 歩骤具体描述为: 室温下将 1当量的双氢青蒿素加入到乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯中, 加入 0.6-0.9当量的原甲酸三甲酯, 冷却到 -5〜5 °C, 加入 0.05-0.15当量 的三氟化硼乙醚或甲磺酸, 反应 1-3小时。 再升温至室温, 再继续 反应 1-3小时。
PCT/CN2011/079858 2011-09-20 2011-09-20 制备β-蒿甲醚的方法 WO2013040750A1 (zh)

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CN112358488A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-12 张家港威胜生物医药有限公司 一种β-蒿甲醚的制备方法

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