WO2016078584A1 - 恩曲他滨的纯化方法 - Google Patents

恩曲他滨的纯化方法 Download PDF

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WO2016078584A1
WO2016078584A1 PCT/CN2015/094905 CN2015094905W WO2016078584A1 WO 2016078584 A1 WO2016078584 A1 WO 2016078584A1 CN 2015094905 W CN2015094905 W CN 2015094905W WO 2016078584 A1 WO2016078584 A1 WO 2016078584A1
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emtricitabine
benzoate
preparing
formula iii
prepare
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PCT/CN2015/094905
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French (fr)
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郭猛
周瑞
刘伟明
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正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201580060548.8A priority Critical patent/CN107074834A/zh
Publication of WO2016078584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078584A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D411/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D411/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D411/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

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  • the present invention relates to the field of medicinal chemistry, and in particular to a method for purifying emtricitabine.
  • Emtricitabine (formula I), chemical name (2R, 5S)-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl] Cytosine, emtricitabine is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV-1 infection.
  • Emtricitabine is an optically pure compound with two chiral centers of configuration (2R, 5S) which are typically prepared by stereoselective synthesis. Since emtricitabine has high solubility in water, how to efficiently separate and purify the reaction product emtricitabine from a complex aqueous reaction system has become a difficult problem to be solved in industrialized large-scale production.
  • WO2011095987 discloses by using emtricitabine with 2-fluorobenzoic acid, halobenzoic acid, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid or aspartic acid, etc.
  • the organic acid reacts to form a salt.
  • the method uses many reagents, the operation steps are cumbersome, the separation effect is not ideal, and it is not suitable for industrial production.
  • CN103833741A discloses a method of reacting emtricitabine with salicylic acid to form a salt to crystallize the reaction product.
  • Applicants have discovered that the method of purifying emtricitabine by emtricitabine salicylate does not achieve the yields described in the patent application and that the level of impurities in the final product is high.
  • the application provides a method of purifying emtricitabine (Formula I) comprising: reacting emtricitabine with benzoic acid to form emtricitabine benzoate (Formula III).
  • the method for purifying emtricitabine further comprises: reacting emtricitabine benzoate (formula III) to prepare emtricitabine,
  • the present application provides emtricitabine benzoate (formula III),
  • the present application provides a method of preparing emtricitabine comprising:
  • the method of preparing emtricitabine further comprises (3) reacting emtricitabine benzoate (formula III) to prepare emtricitabine (formula I):
  • the inventors of the present application unexpectedly discovered that the addition of benzoic acid to form emphenitabine to form a benzoate and then reacting the benzoate to free out the emtricitabine can provide high purity in high yield. Enqu It is easy to handle and is especially suitable for industrial production and purification of emtricitabine.
  • references to “an embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “in another embodiment” or “in certain embodiments” throughout this specification are meant to be included in the at least one embodiment.
  • the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” or “in another embodiment” or “in some embodiments” are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
  • the particular elements, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
  • a reaction including a “catalyst” includes a catalyst, or two or more catalysts.
  • the term “or” is generally used in its meaning including “and/or” unless it is specifically defined otherwise.
  • One aspect of the present application provides a method of purifying emtricitabine (Formula I) comprising: reacting emtricitabine with benzoic acid to form emtricitabine benzoate (Formula III),
  • Emtricitabine is either a reaction product containing emtricitabine obtained in the preparation of emtricitabine or emtricitabine which requires further purification with lower purity.
  • emtricitabine is in the form of an aqueous solution containing emtricitabine such that emtricitabine benzoate can be precipitated from the aqueous solution.
  • the method of purifying emtricitabine of the present application comprises: emtricitabine is precipitated from an aqueous solution in the form of emtricitabine benzoate.
  • the method of purifying emtricitabine of the present application further comprises: reacting emtricitabine benzoate (formula III) to prepare emtricitabine,
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pentanone, cyclopentanone, ketone, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, and iso Propyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate or any mixture thereof, preferably acetone.
  • the emtricitabine benzoate can be reacted under heating conditions, for example, under heating to reflux to prepare emtricitabine.
  • the emtricitabine benzoate can be reacted in the absence of a base or in the presence of a suitable base to prepare emtricitabine.
  • a further aspect of the present application provides a method of preparing emtricitabine comprising:
  • the reducing agent used in the step (1) is a commonly used reducing agent known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride, preferably hydroboration.
  • the solvent used in the reduction reaction is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 alcohols, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, benzene, toluene, xylene, DMSO, or any mixture thereof, preferably C 1 ⁇ C 8 alcohols, and more preferably, methanol or ethanol, methanol and ethanol in any ratio, and most preferably methanol.
  • step (2) the reaction product obtained in step (1) is subjected to the following steps:
  • the water-immiscible organic solvent includes, but is not limited to, one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, preferably Toluene;
  • the pH of the reaction product obtained in step (1) is adjusted to 1- using an acid commonly used in the art, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid. 6.
  • the pH is preferably adjusted to 5.
  • One skilled in the art can determine a suitable acid concentration based on the desired pH, for example, 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
  • emtricitabine benzoate can be precipitated by heating, dissolving, and then cooling.
  • the heating temperature is from 70 °C to 80 °C.
  • the method of preparing emtricitabine further comprises (3) reacting emtricitabine benzoate (formula III) to prepare emtricitabine (formula I):
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pentanone, cyclopentanone, ketone, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid. Ethyl ester, butyl acetate or any mixture thereof, preferably acetone.
  • the emtricitabine benzoate can be reacted under heating conditions, such as heating under reflux, to prepare emtricitabine.
  • the emtricitabine benzoate can be reacted in the absence of a base or in the presence of a suitable base to prepare emtricitabine.
  • Benzoic acid (20 g, 0.16 mol) was added to the aqueous layer, heated to 70-80 ° C, dissolved into a clear solution, and then cooled to room temperature to precipitate. Filtration, the filter cake was washed twice with 40 ml of water, filtered, dried, washed with 40 ml of isopropyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 30 g of emtricitabine benzoate in a yield of 81%.
  • the benzoic acid was replaced with p-fluorobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid, and the emtricitabine organic acid salt was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the composition was prepared by referring to the method of Example 2. He Bin, the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Emtricitabine organic acid salt yield Emtricitabine HPLC purity Emtricitabine yield benzoic acid 86% 99.9% 87% Fluorobenzoic acid 85% 99.7% 55% Salicylic acid 56% 99.7% 59% oxalic acid Do not precipitate / / Maleic acid 16% / / Fumaric acid 15% / /

Abstract

本发明提供了恩曲他滨的纯化方法,将恩曲他滨以恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐的形式从水溶液中析出,再将苯甲酸盐游离可以以高产率得到高纯度的恩曲他滨,该方法简单高效,特别适合工业化生产。

Description

恩曲他滨的纯化方法 技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体而言涉及恩曲他滨的纯化方法。
背景技术
恩曲他滨(Emtricitabine,式Ⅰ),化学名为(2R,5S)-5-氟-1-[2-(羟甲基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基]胞嘧啶,恩曲他滨与其他抗逆转录酶药物联合用于治疗HIV-1感染。
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000001
恩曲他滨是光学纯化合物,具有构型为(2R,5S)的两个手性中心,其一般通过立体选择性合成制备。由于恩曲他滨在水中具有较高溶解度,因此,如何将反应产物恩曲他滨从含水的复杂反应体系中高效地实施分离纯化,成为实现工业化大生产必须解决的难题。
WO2011095987公开了通过将恩曲他滨与2-氟苯甲酸、卤代苯甲酸、2-甲氧基苯甲酸、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸、L-焦谷氨酸或天冬氨酸等有机酸反应来形成盐。然而该方法所用试剂多,操作步骤繁琐,分离效果并不理想,不适合工业化生产。
CN103833741A公开了将恩曲他滨与水杨酸反应形成盐以结晶分离反应产物的方法。然而,申请人发现,通过恩曲他滨水杨酸盐纯化恩曲他滨的方法达不到该专利申请公开所述的收率,并且最终产品中的杂质含量较高。
现有技术中恩曲他滨的纯化工艺存在诸多缺陷,因此仍然需要一种简单高效的方法纯化恩曲他滨,本申请提供了这样的方法。
发明概述
一方面,本申请提供了纯化恩曲他滨(式Ⅰ)的方法,其包括:使恩曲他滨与苯甲酸反应,形成恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)。
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000002
所述恩曲他滨的纯化方法还包括:使恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备恩曲他滨,
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000003
另一方面,本申请提供了恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ),
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000004
再一方面,本申请提供了制备恩曲他滨的方法,其包括:
(1)使5-(4-氨基-5-氟-2-氧代-1(2H)-嘧啶)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-2-甲酸-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己醇酯(式Ⅱ)在还原剂的存在下进行反应,
(2)使步骤(1)中得到的反应产物与苯甲酸反应,制备恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000005
所述制备恩曲他滨的方法还包括(3)使恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备恩曲他滨(式Ⅰ):
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000006
本申请的发明人出乎预料地发现,加入苯甲酸,使恩曲他滨形成苯甲酸盐,然后使该苯甲酸盐反应以游离出恩曲他滨,可以以高产率得到高纯度的恩曲他 滨,且制备简单易操作,特别适合工业化生产和精制恩曲他滨。
发明详述
在以下的说明中,包括某些具体的细节以对各个公开的实施方案提供全面的理解。然而,相关领域的技术人员会认识到,不采用一个或多个这些具体的细节,而采用其它方法、部件、材料等的情况下可实现实施方案。
除非本申请中另外要求,在整个说明书和其后的权利要求书中,词语“包括(comprise)”及其英文变体例如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”应解释为开放式的、含括式的意义,即“包括但不限于”。
在整个本说明书中提到的“一实施方案”或“实施方案”或“在另一实施方案中”或“在某些实施方案中”意指在至少一实施方案中包括与该实施方案所述的相关的具体参考要素、结构或特征。因此,在整个说明书中不同位置出现的短语“在一实施方案中”或“在实施方案中”或“在另一实施方案中”或“在某些实施方案中”不必全部指同一实施方案。此外,具体要素、结构或特征可以任何适当的方式在一个或多个实施方案中结合。
应当理解,在本申请说明书和附加的权利要求书中用到的单数形式的冠词“一”(对应于英文“a”、“an”和“the”)包括复数的对象,除非文中另外明确地规定。因此,例如提到的包括“催化剂”的反应包括一种催化剂,或两种或多种催化剂。还应当理解,术语“或”通常以其包括“和/或”的含义而使用,除非文中另外明确地规定。
本申请的一方面提供了纯化恩曲他滨(式Ⅰ)的方法,其包括:使恩曲他滨与苯甲酸反应,形成恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ),
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000007
恩曲他滨或者为在制备恩曲他滨时获得的含有恩曲他滨的反应产物,或者为纯度较低的需要进一步精制的恩曲他滨。优选地,恩曲他滨为含有恩曲他滨的水溶液形式,以至于恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐能从该水溶液中析出。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本申请的纯化恩曲他滨的方法包括:将恩曲他滨以恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐的形式从水溶液中析出。
本申请的纯化恩曲他滨的方法还包括:使恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备恩曲他滨,
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000008
在使恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐进行反应以制备恩曲他滨的步骤中,反应用的溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环戊酮、己酮、环己酮、乙醚、异丙醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯或它们的任意混合物,优选为丙酮。任选的,恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐可以在加热条件下,例如在加热回流条件下进行反应以制备恩曲他滨。恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐可以在不存在碱或存在恰当的碱的条件下进行反应以制备恩曲他滨。
本申请的又一方面提供了恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐,其结构如式Ⅲ所示,
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000009
本申请的再一方面提供了制备恩曲他滨的方法,其包括:
(1)使5-(4-氨基-5-氟-2-氧代-1(2H)-嘧啶)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-2-甲酸-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己醇酯(式Ⅱ)在还原剂的存在下进行反应,
(2)使步骤(1)中得到的反应产物与苯甲酸反应,制备恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ),
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000010
式Ⅱ化合物可以通过市售获得,也可以通过本领域技术人员已知的合成方法制备,例如CN101066971A或PCT专利申请WO2007077505。
在所述步骤(1)中使用的还原剂为本领域技术人员已知的常用的还原剂,其包括但不限于硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、硼氢化锂或氢化铝锂,优选为硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾,更优选为硼氢化钠。
在所述步骤(1)中,还原反应中使用的溶剂选自C1~C8的醇、1,4-二氧六环、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、四氢呋喃、乙腈、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、DMSO或它们的任意混合物,优选为C1~C8的醇,更优选为甲醇、乙醇或任意比例的甲醇和乙醇的混合物,最优选为甲醇。
任选地,在实施步骤(2)之前,对在步骤(1)中得到的反应产物实施如下步骤:
i)将反应产物浓缩,然后加入水使其溶解,
ii)用与水不混溶的有机溶剂洗涤。
所述与水不混溶的有机溶剂包括但不限于苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚、乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种,优选为甲苯;
任选地,在实施步骤i)之前,用本领域中常用的酸,包括但不限于盐酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸,将所述步骤(1)中得到的反应产物的pH值调节至1-6,优选地将pH值调节至5。本领域技术人员可以根据所需要的pH值确定合适的酸浓度,例如,6mol/L盐酸。
在所述步骤(2)中,可以通过加热、溶解之后进行冷却来析出恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐。在一个具体实施方案中,加热温度为70℃-80℃。
所述制备恩曲他滨的方法还包括(3)使恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备恩曲他滨(式Ⅰ):
Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-000011
在步骤(3)中,反应用的溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环戊酮、己酮、环己酮、乙醚、异丙醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯或它们的任意混合物,优选为丙酮。任选的,恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐可以在加热条件,例如加热回流条件下进行反应以制备恩曲他滨。恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐可以在不存在碱或存在恰当的碱的条件下进行反应以制备恩曲他滨。
实施例
本申请通过以下实施例进行详细说明,它们仅仅是实施例,并不限制本申请,凡是基于本申请所实现的技术,均属于本申请的范围。
实施例1恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐的制备
将5-(4-氨基-5-氟-2-氧代-1(2H)-嘧啶)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-2-甲酸-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己醇酯(40g,0.1mol)加入到200ml甲醇中,然后加入硼氢化钠(9g,0.24mol),并在室温下反应。在TLC监测反应完全后,用6mol/L盐酸将反应液的pH调节至5,并减压浓缩。向浓缩液中加入60ml水,再用100ml甲苯洗涤两次。向水层中加入苯甲酸(20g,0.16mol),加热至70~80℃并溶解成澄清溶液后冷却至室温,有沉淀析出。过滤,将滤饼用40ml水洗涤两次,过滤,烘干,再用40ml异丙醚洗涤、过滤、烘干,得到恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐30g,收率81%。
实施例2恩曲他滨的制备
将恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐30g加入到300ml丙酮中,回流反应2小时,趁热过滤,烘干,得到恩曲他滨17.4g,收率87%,HPLC纯度99.9%(面积归一化法)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.16(1H,m)、5.41(1H,t,重水交换后消失)、5.20(1H,t)、3.82(1H,m)、3.74(1H,m)、3.44(1H,dd)、3.14(1H,dd),
ESI-MS m/z[M+Na]+:270、ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-:246,
IR(HBr)cm-1:3422、2957、2903、2856、1442、1408、1169、1093、1045。
实施例3恩曲他滨经其它有机酸盐的制备
将苯甲酸替换为对氟苯甲酸、水杨酸、草酸、马来酸或富马酸,并参照实施例1的方法制备恩曲他滨有机酸盐,并参照实施例2的方法制备恩曲他滨,结果见表1。
表1 恩曲他滨有机酸盐和恩曲他滨的收率/纯度结果
有机酸 恩曲他滨有机酸盐收率 恩曲他滨HPLC纯度 恩曲他滨收率
苯甲酸 86% 99.9% 87%
对氟苯甲酸 85% 99.7% 55%
水杨酸 56% 99.7% 59%
草酸 不析出 / /
马来酸 16% / /
富马酸 15% / /
注:纯度/含量参照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2010年版二部附录Ⅴ D)进行测定。

Claims (15)

  1. 纯化恩曲他滨的方法,其包括:使所述恩曲他滨与苯甲酸反应,形成恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ),
    Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-100001
  2. 如权利要求1所述的纯化恩曲他滨的方法,其中所述恩曲他滨为含有恩曲他滨的水溶液形式。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的纯化恩曲他滨的方法,其还包括:使所述恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备所述恩曲他滨,
    Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-100002
  4. 如权利要求3所述的纯化恩曲他滨的方法,其中反应用的溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环戊酮、己酮、环己酮、乙醚、异丙醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯或它们的任意混合物,优选为丙酮。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的纯化恩曲他滨的方法,其中在加热条件下使所述恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备所述恩曲他滨。
  6. 恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐,其结构如式Ⅲ所示,
    Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-100003
  7. 制备恩曲他滨的方法,其包括:
    (1)使5-(4-氨基-5-氟-2-氧代-1(2H)-嘧啶)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-2-甲酸-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己醇酯(式Ⅱ)在还原剂的存在下进行反应,
    (2)使步骤(1)中得到的反应产物与苯甲酸反应,制备恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ),
    Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-100004
  8. 如权利要求7所述的制备恩曲他滨的方法,其还包括:使所述恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备所述恩曲他滨,
    Figure PCTCN2015094905-appb-100005
  9. 如权利要求8所述的制备恩曲他滨的方法,其中反应用的溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环戊酮、己酮、环己酮、乙醚、异丙醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯或它们的任意混合物,优选为丙酮。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的制备恩曲他滨的方法,其中在加热条件下使所述恩曲他滨苯甲酸盐(式Ⅲ)进行反应以制备所述恩曲他滨。
  11. 如权利要求7-10中任一项权利要求所述的制备恩曲他滨方法,其中在所述步骤(1)中使用的还原剂选自硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、硼氢化锂或氢化铝锂,优选为硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾,更优选为硼氢化钠。
  12. 如权利要求7-11中任一项权利要求所述的制备恩曲他滨方法,其中在 实施所述步骤(2)之前,对在所述步骤(1)中得到的反应产物实施如下步骤:
    i)将所述反应产物浓缩,然后加入水使其溶解,
    ii)用与水不混溶的有机溶剂洗涤。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的制备恩曲他滨方法,其中所述与水不混溶的有机溶剂选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、石油醚、乙醚、异丙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯或它们的任意混合物。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的制备恩曲他滨方法,其还包括:在实施所述步骤i)之前,用酸将所述步骤(1)中得到的反应产物的pH值调节至1-6,优选地将pH值调节至5。
  15. 如权利要求7-14中任一项权利要求所述的制备恩曲他滨方法,在70℃-80℃下使所述步骤(1)中得到的反应产物与苯甲酸反应。
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CN105130972B (zh) * 2015-08-04 2018-04-20 中孚药业股份有限公司 苯甲酸恩曲他滨盐、其制备方法以及用苯甲酸恩曲他滨盐制备恩曲他滨的方法
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