WO2013029530A1 - 无砟轨道系统 - Google Patents

无砟轨道系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013029530A1
WO2013029530A1 PCT/CN2012/080667 CN2012080667W WO2013029530A1 WO 2013029530 A1 WO2013029530 A1 WO 2013029530A1 CN 2012080667 W CN2012080667 W CN 2012080667W WO 2013029530 A1 WO2013029530 A1 WO 2013029530A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
track system
rail
base
ballastless track
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/080667
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵有明
江成
王继军
王梦
赵勇
刘伟斌
姜子清
尤瑞林
杜香刚
范佳
Original Assignee
中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 filed Critical 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所
Priority to GB1404514.0A priority Critical patent/GB2513983B/en
Priority to US14/342,242 priority patent/US9758932B2/en
Priority to ROU201400006U priority patent/RO201400006U3/ro
Priority to RU2014112087/11U priority patent/RU150693U1/ru
Publication of WO2013029530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013029530A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E01B1/007Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers with interlocking means to withstand horizontal forces
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00General structure of permanent way
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E01B1/004Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers with prefabricated elements embedded in fresh concrete or asphalt
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/28Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
    • E01B3/40Slabs; Blocks; Pot sleepers; Fastening tie-rods to them

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rail system, and in particular to a ballastless track system.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The structure of a ballastless track is accepted by high-speed railways all over the world for its high ride comfort, high stability, high durability and high reliability.
  • the high-speed railway of China also adopts a ballastless track structure.
  • ballastless track structures at home and abroad and generally include two structural systems, unit and vertical connection. Comparing and analyzing the technical characteristics of different types of ballastless tracks, the unit ballastless track mainly includes structural layers such as track plates, casting layers and bases.
  • the track plates are made of prefabricated plates, and the pouring layer and the base are sequentially arranged below the track plates.
  • the casting layer acts as a key structural layer for elastic adjustment and force transmission support of the ballastless track structure, which directly affects the fast and safe operation of high-speed trains.
  • the track plate is laid vertically above the casting layer along the line, and a circular convex block is used between the longitudinal direction of the adjacent two track plates when laying, and the track plate is adjusted and installed in place, An asphalt mortar casting layer is filled between the rail plate and the casting layer, and a resin mortar is filled between the rail plate and the circular convex block.
  • the track plate unit is set, the structural bearing force and force transmission are clear, and the maintainability is strong.
  • the double-block ballastless track structure is relatively simple, and the track bed plate is placed on site, which has strong adaptability to different types of fasteners, and its construction cost is low; however, the concrete construction amount is large, and the track bed plate crack is difficult to control.
  • China has accumulated valuable experience in the structural design, construction methods and technical requirements of the track foundation of the ballastless track, laying a foundation for further development of ballastless track technology.
  • the present invention is directed to a ballastless track system that is highly reliable, durable, easy to construct, and easy to maintain.
  • the present invention provides a ballastless track system, comprising: a base; a track plate disposed above the base; a casting layer disposed between the base and the track plate, the casting layer being made of self-compacting concrete or cement
  • the asphalt mortar or resin mortar is filled and formed, and the casting layer has a first reinforcing steel structure; two rows of railing platforms are arranged in parallel on the rail plate; and the rails are arranged on the railing platform.
  • the ballastless track system is a unit structure.
  • the arrangement of the first reinforcing bar structure is a single-layer mesh, and the first reinforcing bar structure is located at a position in the middle or the middle of the casting layer in the height direction.
  • the ballastless track system of the present invention further includes: a connecting member, the first end of the connecting member extends into the rail plate, and the second end of the connecting member extends into the casting layer; the connecting member and the rail plate are integrated, and are connected
  • the pieces are made of insulating material.
  • the projections of the connecting piece and the rail in the plan view of the rail at least partially coincide, and the projection of the connecting element in the plan view of the rail is located within the projection range of the railing station in the plan view of the rail.
  • the base is made of concrete, and the base has a steel structure.
  • the base has a limiting structure acting on the casting layer: the limiting structure is a limiting boss, the base has a limiting groove along the extending direction, and the limiting boss is formed by the casting layer protruding into the limiting groove. .
  • the limiting boss has a circular cross section, and has a cushion layer on the annular surface of the limiting groove of the base.
  • the limiting boss has a rectangular cross section, and a cushion layer is disposed at two opposite planes in the longitudinal direction of the limiting groove of the base or at two opposite sides or four sides of the lateral direction. Further, the angle between the cushion layer and the horizontal direction is 45° or more and 90° or less.
  • the thickness of the cushion layer is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 50 mm.
  • the cushion layer has a double-layer structure, and the outer layer of the cushion layer is made of a hard foam plastic sheet or a foam board, and the inner layer of the cushion layer is made of rubber or foam material or vulcanized rubber or resin.
  • the track plate and the two rows of rail-bearing platforms are of a unitary structure, wherein a spacing between each of the one of the rows of rail-bearing platforms is greater than a spacing between each of the other of the rows of rail-bearing platforms.
  • the track plate and the two rows of rail-bearing platforms are of a unitary structure, wherein the height of one row of the track-bearing stages is higher than the height of the other row of the track-bearing stages in a direction perpendicular to the track-plate.
  • the track plate and the two rows of rail-bearing platforms are of a unitary structure, wherein the gauge distance between one row of the track-bearing table and the other column of the track-bearing table is varied.
  • the ballastless track system comprises: a base, a track plate, a casting layer, a connecting piece, two rows of rail-bearing platforms and a rail.
  • the rail plate is disposed above the base; the casting layer is disposed between the base and the rail plate, and the pouring layer is formed by filling the self-compacting concrete or the cement emulsified asphalt mortar or the resin mortar, and the casting layer has the first reinforcing steel structure therein.
  • Two rows of rails are placed on the track platform.
  • the track plate and the casting layer are integrally connected to form a solid composite structure, which improves the integrity of the track system and can meet the requirements of the track for stability and comfort.
  • the casting layer is formed by self-compacting concrete or cement emulsified asphalt mortar or resin mortar, so that the mechanical properties of the casting layer and the track plate are as close as possible, the strength is not much different, and the track plate can be adjusted, thus effectively solving the track in the prior art.
  • the casting layer formed by the plate and the asphalt mortar is prone to the phenomenon of seam separation, and the longitudinal end of the track plate is prone to warpage.
  • the use of self-compacting concrete or cement emulsified asphalt mortar or resin mortar to form the casting layer can simplify the process and facilitate Control engineering quality and reduce environmental pollution.
  • the first reinforcing bar structure in the casting layer can improve the stress characteristics of the casting layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a ballastless track system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the ballastless track system of FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the ballastless track system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the track of the ballastless track system of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a ballastless track system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the ballastless track system of FIG. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the ballastless track system of the embodiment includes: a base 16, a track plate 12, a casting layer 14, a connecting member 13, two rows of railing tables 11 and 1 and Rail 10.
  • the rail plate 12 is disposed above the base 16; the pouring layer 13 is disposed between the base 16 and the rail plate 12, and the pouring layer 14 is formed by filling with self-compacting concrete or cement emulsified asphalt mortar or resin mortar, and pouring layer 14 has a first reinforcing bar structure 14a; two rows of railing tables 11 and 1 are arranged in parallel on the rail plate 12; two rows of rails 10 are arranged on the railing tables 11 and 1 .
  • the rail plate 12 is integrally connected with the casting layer 14 by the bonding force with the connecting member 13 and the rail plate 12 and the casting layer 14, thereby forming a firm composite structure, improving the integrity of the rail system, and satisfying the stability and comfort of the rail pair.
  • the casting layer is formed by self-compacting concrete or cement emulsified asphalt mortar or resin mortar, so that the mechanical properties of the casting layer and the track plate are as close as possible, the strength is not much different, and the track plate can be adjusted, thus effectively solving the track in the prior art.
  • the casting layer formed by the plate and the asphalt mortar is prone to sewn phenomenon, and the longitudinal end of the rail plate 12 is prone to warpage.
  • the formation of the casting layer 14 by self-compacting concrete or cement emulsified asphalt mortar or resin mortar can simplify the process. It is convenient to control the quality of the project and reduce the pollution to the environment.
  • the first reinforcing structure 14a in the casting layer 14 can improve the force characteristics of the casting layer.
  • the ballastless track system of the present invention has high reliability, good durability, easy construction and easy maintenance.
  • the ballastless track system is a unit structure having different unit structures for different lines, such as roadbeds, bridges, tunnels, and the like.
  • the base 16 and three rail plates 12 there are one base 16 and three rail plates 12, and in the case of a bridge, one base 16 and one rail plate 12, and in the case of a tunnel, one base 16 is used.
  • the advantage of this is that the base section of the road and the length of the base section are short, which can adapt to the requirements of severe temperature and temperature difference in severe cold regions and cold regions.
  • the bridge section adopts a single plate length range to set the base to increase the constructability of the track system. And maintainability.
  • the arrangement of the first reinforcing bars 14a in the casting layer 14 is a single layer mesh or a multilayer mesh or a reinforcing cage.
  • the first reinforcing bar structure 14a is arranged in a single-layer mesh, and the first reinforcing bar structure 14a is located at a position in the middle or the middle of the casting layer 14 in the height direction. Or preferably, if the casting layer 14 is thick, the first reinforcing steel structure 14a is arranged in a multi-layered mesh or a reinforcing cage, and the first reinforcing steel structure 14a is symmetrically disposed along the central plane of the casting layer 14 in the height direction.
  • the arrangement of the first reinforcing bar structure 14a is a multi-layer mesh or a steel cage
  • the multi-layer mesh or the arrangement of the reinforcing cage needs to avoid other Parts, avoid mutual interference.
  • the pouring layer 14 with reinforcing steel structure also functions as a bearing force, which can withstand the longitudinal and lateral forces under the action of train load and temperature load, and the foundation settlement and other structures on the upper part of the track. The adverse effects caused.
  • the first end of the connector 13 of the ballastless track system extends into the track panel 12 and the second end of the connector 13 extends into the casting layer 14.
  • the connecting member 13 must be provided as necessary to strengthen the joint between the two layers, so that the rail plate 12 and the pouring layer 14 constitute a firm "composite structure"", and maintain the long-term reliability of the composite structure.
  • the connecting member 13 can be in the form of pre-embedded reinforcing steel at the bottom of the rail plate 12.
  • the type of the protruding reinforcing bar can be a reinforcing member such as a shearing nail, a single or a door type, or the like.
  • the connecting member 13 is made of an insulating material due to the need for track circuit insulation and integrated grounding, and the connecting member 13 is preferably a resin reinforcing bar or a reinforcing bar having an insulating coating.
  • the connecting member 13 is connected to the portion to be particularly strengthened by pre-buried or later through the drilling or the reserved hole, etc., so as to make the composite structure more firm and reliable, and at the same time reduce the height of the rail system.
  • the projections of the connecting piece 13 and the rail 10 in the plan view plane of the rail 10 at least partially coincide, and the projection of the connecting piece 13 in the plan view of the rail 10 is situated on the top surface of the railing table 11 and 1 in the rail 10 Within the projection range.
  • the connecting member 13 is mainly located here to take into account the longitudinal and lateral forces under the action of the train load and the temperature load, and the adverse effects of the foundation settlement on the upper structure of the track, and at the same time partially strengthen the track plate and the casting layer. effect.
  • the base 16 is made of concrete, and the base 16 has a second reinforcing structure.
  • ordinary steel bars can be used for reinforcement in the base 16.
  • the upper surface of the base 16 (between the base 16 and the casting layer 14) is provided with an isolating layer 15 for separating the composite structure from the base 16, and at the same time, due to the arrangement of the separating layer 15, the deformation between different structural layers can be coordinated.
  • a certain buffering effect on the vibration caused by the train can prevent the reflection of the crack generated by the base 16 in the long-term use from the upper structure, and provide conditions for the maintenance and repair of the track system when it is damaged.
  • the spacer layer 15 is preferably a geotextile having a certain coefficient of friction and a good hydrophobic property such as a geotextile.
  • the limit structure 200 is disposed on the base 16 for longitudinal and lateral restraint in order to increase its safety and stability.
  • the base 16 has a limiting structure 200 acting on the casting layer 14.
  • the limiting structure 200 is a limiting boss, and the base 16 has a limit along the extending direction.
  • the groove, the limiting boss is formed by the casting layer 14 protruding into the limiting groove.
  • the cross-section of the limiting boss may have various structures, wherein, preferably, the limiting boss has a circular cross section, and has an annular surface on the limiting groove of the base 16 Cushion layer 21.
  • An isolation layer 15 is provided between the casting layer 14 and the base 16 at a position other than the cushion layer 21.
  • the arrangement of the barrier layer 15 and the resilient cushion layer 21 prevents dangerous forces from acting on the limit bosses and the stop recesses and does not substantially impair the function of the stop structure 200.
  • the limiting boss has a rectangular cross section, and buffer is provided at two opposite planes in the longitudinal direction of the limiting groove of the base 16 or at two opposite sides or four sides of the lateral direction. Cushion 21.
  • a barrier layer 15 is provided between the casting layer 14 and the base 16 at a location other than the cushion layer 21.
  • the function of the isolation layer 15 is the same as that of the above embodiment, and details are not described herein again. It should be noted that: when the cushion layer 21 is set, it should be close to the side of the limiting groove, and the slope of the slope should not be too slow. Otherwise, the longitudinal and lateral limits of the composite structure of the track plate 12 and the casting layer 14 are the track system. Stability has an adverse effect.
  • the angle ⁇ between the cushion layer 21 and the horizontal direction is greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 90°.
  • the thickness of the cushion layer 21 is preferably 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
  • the cushion layer 21 has a two-layer structure, and the outer layer of the cushion layer 21 is made of a rigid foam board or a foam board having a low rigidity, and the inner layer of the cushion layer 21 is made of a rubber or a foam material. Or vulcanized rubber or resin, the cushion layer should have better hydrophobic properties.
  • the ballastless track system of the present invention is also very adaptable for curved and vertical curved sections. As shown in Fig. 5, the track plate 12 is provided with ordinary steel bars, and the steel bars can be made of resin steel bars or insulating coatings, insulation cards, etc., to meet the technical requirements of track circuit insulation.
  • a prestressed structure combining ordinary steel bars and prestressed steel bars is used, which can effectively prevent the rail plate 12 from being cracked.
  • the track plate 12 is provided with a plurality of pouring holes 17 to facilitate the pouring of the casting layer 14.
  • the two ball bearing tables 11 and 11' disposed above the track plate 12 can be adjusted during the manufacturing process of the track plate 12 along the vertical direction of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the track plate 12 as shown in the drawing, which will be very It is conducive to the adaptability of the track system in different lines.
  • the rail plate 12 and the two rows of rail-bearing tables 11 and 1 are integrally formed, wherein between each of the rows of the rail-bearing tables 1 ⁇
  • the spacing D1 ' is greater than the spacing D1 between each of the other rail-bearing stages 11 in the other column of rail-bearing stations 11.
  • the two rows of rail-bearing tables 11 and 1 ⁇ can be symmetrically arranged along the curve.
  • the spacing D1 ' between each of the one of the rows of the rail-bearing stations 1 ⁇ is larger than that of the other of the other rows of the rail-bearing stations 11
  • the distance D1 between the rail-bearing tables 11 reduces the number of the rail-bearing tables 1 ⁇ without affecting the stability of the orbital operation, thereby saving costs.
  • the rail plate 12 and the two rows of rail-bearing tables 11 and 11' are of a unitary structure, wherein the height of a row of the rail-bearing tables 1 ⁇ is higher than the direction perpendicular to the rail-board 12 The height of the other column of the railing table 11.
  • the ultra-high setting of the lot can be realized by the wire base 16, and at the same time, when the track plate 12 is manufactured, according to the setting requirement of the curve super-high, the heights of the two rows of the rail-bearing tables 11 and 1 ⁇ arranged on the top surface of the track plate 12 are adjusted.
  • the requirements for ultra-high variation and orbital adjustment of the curved section can be achieved, and the workload of the fine adjustment of the later track can be reduced.
  • the heights of the two rows of the track-bearing platforms are gradually increased to accommodate the curved sections. Only the tendency of the gradual increase of the railing table 11 is shown in FIG.
  • the track plate 12 and the two rows of rail-bearing tables 11, 1 are a unitary structure, wherein the gauge between one row of the track-bearing table 1 and the other of the rows of the track-bearing tables 11 is varied.
  • the track plate adopts factory prefabrication, and the manufacturing quality and precision are easy to ensure; the amount of on-site concrete construction is reduced, which is favorable for speeding up construction. Progress; Prestressed design can be adopted. Under normal load, the track plate will not crack, which is beneficial to improve the durability of the track structure.
  • the space position of the track table can be adjusted, which is conducive to the fine adjustment of the track direction.
  • casting layer such as self-compacting concrete is poured, and the composite structure is formed by joints or layers to improve the stress state of the track plate; the self-compacting concrete can be used to replace the cement emulsified asphalt mortar filling layer, track system
  • the single material of the project is conducive to reducing the project cost and improving the durability of the track system.
  • the track board is limited by interlayer bonding or connecting parts:
  • the "composite structure" composed of the track board and the casting layer is mechanically restricted by the base limit structure, the convex type stop is eliminated, and the construction of the track system is improved.
  • the track structure is stable.
  • An isolation layer is arranged between the casting layer and the base to coordinate the deformation between the "composite structure" and the base, to block the reflection of the base crack to the casting layer, and to provide conditions for the track system repair under special circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

一种无砟轨道系统,包括:底座(16);轨道板(12),设置在底座(16)上方;浇注层(14),设置在底座(16)和轨道板(12)之间,浇注层(14)由自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成,并且,浇注层(14)内具有钢筋结构;连接件(13),连接件(13)的第一端延伸至轨道板(12)内,连接件(13)的第二端延伸至浇注层(14)内;两列承轨台(11,11'),平行地设置在轨道板(12)上;钢轨(10),设置在承轨台(11,11')上。该无砟轨道系统可靠性高、耐久性好、易施工及易于维护。

Description

无砟轨道系统 技术领域 本发明涉及轨道系统, 具体而言, 涉及一种无砟轨道系统。 背景技术 无砟轨道的结构以其高平顺性、 高稳定性、 高耐久性和高可靠性的特点, 为世界 各国高速铁路所接受, 我国高速铁路亦广泛采用无砟轨道结构。 目前, 国内外无砟轨 道结构型式众多, 总的来说包括单元和纵连两种结构体系。 对比分析不同类型无砟轨道的技术特点, 单元无砟轨道主要包括轨道板、 浇注层 和底座等结构层, 轨道板采用预制板, 浇注层和底座依次设置在所述轨道板下方。 其 中浇注层作为无砟轨道结构弹性调整和传力支撑的关键性结构层, 直接影响高速列车 快速安全运行。 在现有的无砟轨道结构中, 轨道板沿线路纵向铺设在浇注层上方, 铺 设时相邻两块轨道板的纵向之间釆用圆形凸型挡台, 轨道板调整安装到位后, 在轨道 板与浇注层之间充填沥青砂浆浇注层, 在轨道板与圆形凸型挡台之间间隙填充树脂砂 浆。 该轨道板单元设置, 结构承力和传力明确, 可维修性强, 但是, 其不足之处是, 凸型挡台施工繁琐, 另外, 在线路运行一段时间后, 轨道板与沥青砂浆浇注层会发生 离缝现象, 轨道板的纵向端部易产生翘曲, 这无疑会给列车平稳性、 舒适性和轨道系 统的耐久性造成不利影响。 纵连板式无砟轨道采用打磨的带预裂缝的预制板, 板间进行纵向连接, 轨道铺设 精度较高; 但其连接结构复杂, 环境适应性和可维修性较差。 双块式无砟轨道结构组 成较为简单, 道床板现场浇筑, 与不同类型的扣件适应性较强, 其建设成本较低; 但 其混凝土施工量较大, 道床板裂紋不易控制。 在 50多年的研究与实践中, 我国在无砟轨道的结构设计、施工方法、轨道基础的 技术要求等方面积累了宝贵的经验, 为进一步发展无砟轨道技术打下了基础。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种可靠性高、 耐久性好、 易施工及易于维护的无砟轨道系统。 为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种无砟轨道系统, 包括: 底座; 轨道板, 设 置在底座上方; 浇注层, 设置在底座和轨道板之间, 浇注层由自密实混凝土或水泥乳 化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成, 并且, 浇注层内具有第一钢筋结构; 两列承轨台, 平行地设置在轨道板上; 钢轨, 设置在承轨台上。 进一步地, 无砟轨道系统为单元结构。 进一步地, 第一钢筋结构的排布为单层网状, 并且第一钢筋结构位于浇注层沿高 度方向的中部或者中部以下的位置。 进一步地, 第一钢筋结构的排布为多层网状或者为钢筋笼, 并且第一钢筋结构沿 浇注层沿高度方向的中心面对称设置。 进一步地, 本发明的无砟轨道系统还包括: 连接件, 连接件的第一端延伸至轨道 板内, 连接件的第二端延伸至浇注层内; 连接件与轨道板为一体结构, 连接件为绝缘 材质。 进一步地, 连接件和钢轨在钢轨的俯视平面内的投影至少部分的重合, 并且, 连 接件在钢轨的俯视平面内的投影位于承轨台在钢轨的俯视平面内的投影范围内。 进一步地, 底座的材质为混凝土, 并且, 底座内具有钢筋结构。 进一步地, 底座具有作用于浇注层的限位结构: 限位结构为限位凸台, 底座沿延 伸方向上具有限位凹槽, 限位凸台为浇注层凸出至限位凹槽内形成。 进一步地, 限位凸台的横截面呈圆形, 在底座的限位凹槽的环形表面上具有缓冲 垫层。 进一歩地, 限位凸台的横截面为矩形, 在底座的限位凹槽的纵向两个相对平面处 或者横向两个相对处或者四周的四个侧面处设置缓冲垫层。 进一步地, 缓冲垫层与水平方向的夹角大于等于 45°且小于等于 90°。 进一步地, 缓冲垫层的厚度大于等于 5mm且小于等于 50mm。 进一步地, 缓冲垫层为双层结构, 缓冲垫层外层的材质为硬质泡沬塑料板或泡沬 板, 缓冲垫层的内层的材质为橡胶或发泡体材料或硫化橡胶或树脂。 进一步地, 轨道板和两列承轨台为一体结构, 其中, 一列承轨台中的每个承轨台 之间的间距大于另一列承轨台中的每个承轨台之间的间距。 进一步地, 轨道板和两列承轨台为一体结构, 其中, 在垂直于轨道板方向上, 一 列承轨台的高度高于另一列承轨台的高度。 进一步地, 轨道板和两列承轨台为一体结构, 其中, 一列承轨台与另一列承轨台 之间的轨距是变化的。 应用本发明的技术方案, 无砟轨道系统包括: 底座、 轨道板、 浇注层、 连接件、 两列承轨台及钢轨。 在上述结构中, 轨道板设置在底座上方; 浇注层设置在底座和轨 道板之间, 浇注层由自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成, 并且, 浇注层内具有第一钢筋结构; 两列钢轨设置在承轨台上。 轨道板与浇筑层连接为一体, 形成牢固的复合结构, 提高了轨道系统的整体性, 能够满足轨道对平稳性、 舒适性的要求。 利用自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树 脂砂浆填充形成浇注层使得浇注层和轨道板的力学性能尽可能相近, 强度相差不大并 且能够调整轨道板, 这样, 有效地解决了现有技术中轨道板与沥青砂浆形成的浇注层 易发生离缝现象, 轨道板的纵向端部易产生翘曲的问题, 同时, 利用自密实混凝土或 水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成浇注层能够简化工艺, 便于控制工程质量, 减 少对环境的污染。 浇注层中的第一钢筋结构可以改善浇筑层的受力特性。 从上述描述 可以得出, 本发明的无砟轨道系统的可靠性高、 耐久性好、 易施工及易于维护。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中- 图 1示出了根据本发明的无砟轨道系统的实施例一的纵剖面结构示意图; 图 2示出了图 1的无砟轨道系统的横截剖面示意图; 图 3示出了图 2中 A处的局部放大图; 图 4示出了根据本发明的无砟轨道系统的实施例二的横截剖面结构示意图; 图 5示出了图 1的的无砟轨道系统的轨道板的示意图; 以及 图 6示出了根据本发明的无砟轨道系统的实施例三的纵剖面示意图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 图 1示出了根据本发明的无砟轨道系统的实施例一的纵剖面结构示意图; 图 2示 出了图 1的无砟轨道系统的横截剖面示意图。 结合参见图 1和图 2, 从图中可以看出, 本实施例的无砟轨道系统包括: 底座 16、 轨道板 12、 浇注层 14、 连接件 13、 两列承 轨台 11和 1 Γ及钢轨 10。 在上述结构中, 轨道板 12设置在底座 16上方; 浇注层 13 设置在底座 16和轨道板 12之间,浇注层 14由自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树 脂砂浆填充形成, 并且, 浇注层 14内具有第一钢筋结构 14a; 两列承轨台 11和 1 Γ平 行地设置在轨道板 12上; 两列钢轨 10设置在承轨台 11和 1 Γ上。 轨道板 12通过与连接件 13和轨道板 12与浇筑层 14的粘结力与浇筑层 14连接为 一体, 形成牢固的复合结构, 提高了轨道系统的整体性, 能够满足轨道对平稳性、 舒 适性的要求。 利用自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成浇注层使得 浇注层和轨道板的力学性能尽可能相近, 强度相差不大并且能够调整轨道板, 这样, 有效地解决了现有技术中轨道板与沥青砂浆形成的浇注层易发生离缝现象, 轨道板 12 的纵向端部易产生翘曲的问题, 同时, 利用自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂 砂浆填充形成浇注层 14能够简化工艺, 便于控制工程质量, 减少对环境的污染。浇注 层 14中的第一钢筋结构 14a可以改善浇筑层的受力特性。从上述描述可以得出, 本发 明的无砟轨道系统的可靠性高、 耐久性好、 易施工及易于维护。 优选地, 无砟轨道系统为单元结构, 对于不同的线路, 比如路基、 桥梁、 隧道等 具有不同的单元结构。 比如, 在路基情况下, 底座 16为 1个, 轨道板 12为 3个, 在 桥梁情况下, 底座 16为 1个, 轨道板 12为 1个, 在隧道情况下, 底座 16为 1个, 轨 道板 12为 3个。 这样的好处是, 路基地段, 底座分段长度较短, 可适应严寒地区和寒 冷地区, 温度梯度和温差较大的要求; 桥梁地段采用单块板长范围设置底座, 增加轨 道系统的可施工性和可维修性。 浇注层 14中的第一钢筋结构 14a的排布为单层网状或多层网状或者为钢筋笼。优 选地, 如图 1所示, 为便于机械化施工, 第一钢筋结构 14a的排布为单层网状, 该第 一钢筋结构 14a位于浇注层 14沿高度方向的中部或者中部以下的位置。 或者优选地, 若浇注层 14较厚时,第一钢筋结构 14a的排布为多层网状或者为钢筋笼, 该第一钢筋 结构 14a沿浇注层 14沿高度方向的中心面对称设置。 同时, 当第一钢筋结构 14a的排 布为多层网状或者为钢筋笼, 需要注意, 多层网状或者为钢筋笼的布置需要避开其他 部件, 避免互相干扰。 具有钢筋结构的浇注层 14除起到施工调整、 填充的作用外, 还 起到承力的作用, 可以承受列车荷载和温度荷载等作用下的纵横向力, 及基础沉降等 对轨道上部结构所造成的不利影响。 在本实施例中, 无砟轨道系统的连接件 13的第一端延伸至轨道板 12内, 连接件 13的第二端延伸至浇注层 14内。浇注层 14与轨道板 12之间会由于材料的粘结性能, 在它们之间形成粘结面, 由于上部结构受列车作用产生的振动和冲击, 温度变化所产 生的荷载以及材料本身的收缩等会影响轨道板 12与浇注层 14两层之间的粘结,因此, 在必要时须设置连接件 13以加强两层之间的结合,使轨道板 12和浇注 14层组成牢固 的"复合结构", 并保持复合结构的长期可靠。 连接件 13可采用在轨道板 12底部预埋 伸出钢筋的形式, 伸出钢筋的型式可为剪力钉、 单根或门型等不同构造形式的钢筋构 件等。 优选地, 由于轨道电路绝缘和综合接地的需要, 该连接件 13为绝缘材质, 连接 件 13优选为树脂钢筋或者具有绝缘涂层的钢筋。 连接件 13通过预埋或后期通过钻孔 或预留孔等设置锚固钢筋或锚固销钉等方式, 对需特别加强连接的部位进行连接, 使 复合结构更加牢固可靠, 同时可降低轨道系统的高度。 优选地,连接件 13和钢轨 10在钢轨 10的俯视平面内的投影至少部分的重合, 并 且,连接件 13在钢轨 10的俯视平面内的投影位于承轨台 11和 1Γ在钢轨 10的俯视平 面内的投影范围内。连接件 13位于此处主要考虑到可以承受列车荷载和温度荷载等作 用下的纵横向力, 及基础沉降等对轨道上部结构所造成的不利影响, 同时对轨道板和 浇注层起到局部加强的作用。 为了对轨道板 12、 连接件 13和浇注层 14组成的复合结构进行支承, 优选地, 底 座 16的材质为混凝土, 并且, 底座 16内具有第二钢筋结构。 一般情况, 底座 16内可 采用普通钢筋进行配筋。底座 16的上表面(底座 16和浇注层 14之间)铺设有隔离层 15, 起到隔离复合结构与底座 16的作用, 同时由于隔离层 15的设置, 可以协调不同 结构层间变形,起到一定的对列车引起的振动的缓冲作用, 同时可以防止底座 16在长 期使用中所产生的裂纹向上部结构的反射, 并为轨道系统受到破坏时的养护维修提供 条件。 隔离层 15优选为土工布等具有一定摩擦系数和较好憎水性能的土工织物。 优选地, 为了避免无砟轨道系统的轨道板 12在外力作用下会产生纵横向位移, 为 增加其安全性和稳定性在底座 16上设置限位结构 200对其进行纵横向限位。 具体地, 底座 16具有作用于浇注层 14的限位结构 200, 如图 2和图 3所示, 本实施例中, 限 位结构 200为限位凸台, 底座 16沿延伸方向上具有限位凹槽, 限位凸台为浇注层 14 凸出至限位凹槽内形成。 限位凸台的横截面〔沿轨道板 12延伸方向)可以为多种结构, 其中, 优选地, 限 位凸台的横截面呈圆形, 在底座 16的限位凹槽的环形表面上具有缓冲垫层 21。 在所 述浇注层 14和底座 16之间且除了缓冲垫层 21之外的位置设有隔离层 15。 隔离层 15 和弹性缓冲垫层 21的设置可防止危险的力作用在限位凸台和限位凹槽上,并且不会从 本质上削弱限位结构 200的作用。 或者, 在另一种实施例中, 限位凸台的横截面为矩形, 在底座 16的限位凹槽的纵 向两个相对平面处或者横向两个相对处或者四周的四个侧面处设置缓冲垫层 21。 同样 的, 在所述浇注层 14和底座 16之间且除了缓冲垫层 21之外的位置设有隔离层 15。 该隔离层 15的作用与上述实施例相同, 在此不再赘述。 需要注意的是: 缓冲垫层 21设置时, 应紧贴限位凹槽侧边, 斜坡坡度不宜太缓, 否则会对轨道板 12和浇注层 14的复合结构的纵横向限位即轨道系统的稳定性产生不 利影响。 优选地, 缓冲垫层 21与水平方向的夹角 α大于等于 45°且小于等于 90°。 优 选地, 缓冲垫层 21的厚度大于等于 5mm且小于等于 50mm为宜。 优选地, 缓冲垫层 21为双层结构, 缓冲垫层 21外层的材质为刚度较低的硬质泡 沫塑料板或泡沫板, 缓冲垫层 21 的内层的材质为橡胶或发泡体材料或硫化橡胶或树 脂, 缓冲垫层应具有较好的憎水性能。 本发明的无砟轨道系统对于曲线和竖曲线地段同样有很好的适应性。如图 5所示, 轨道板 12内配有普通钢筋, 钢筋可采用树脂钢筋或绝缘涂层、 绝缘卡等措施, 以满足 轨道电路绝缘的技术要求。 作为替代方案和特别有利的形式是采用普通钢筋与预应力 钢筋相结合的预应力结构, 可有效防止轨道板 12产生裂纹 轨道板 12上设有若干灌 注孔 17, 以方便浇注层 14的浇筑。 轨道板 12上方设置的两棑承轨台 11和 11 ', 可沿 图中所示的 X轴、 Y轴和轨道板 12的竖直方向, 在轨道板 12制造过程中进行调整, 这将非常有利于轨道系统在不同线路走向地段的适应性。 在一种优选的实施例中, 如图 5所示,轨道板 12和两列承轨台 11和 1 Γ为一体结 构, 其中, 一列承轨台 1Γ中的每个承轨台 1Γ之间的间距 D1 '大于另一列承轨台 11中 的每个承轨台 11之间的间距 Dl。 对于曲线地段, 两列承轨台 11和 1Γ可沿曲线对称 设置, 此时, 一列承轨台 1Γ中的每个承轨台 1Γ之间的间距 D1 '大于另一列承轨台 11 中的每个承轨台 11之间的间距 Dl, 这样, 在不影响轨道运行稳定的前提下减少了承 轨台 1 Γ的数量, 进而节约了成本。 在实施例二中,如图 4所示,轨道板 12和两列承轨台 11和 11'为一体结构,其中, 在垂直于轨道板 12方向上, 一列承轨台 1 Γ的高度高于另一列承轨台 11的高度。 曲线 地段超高设置可以通过线底座 16来实现, 同时, 在轨道板 12制造时, 根据曲线超高 的设置要求,调整轨道板 12顶面设置的两排承轨台 11和 1 Γ的高度,来实现曲线地段 超高变化和轨向调整的要求, 并可以减少后期轨道精调的工作量。 如图 6所示, 在实施例三中, 两排承轨台的高度均为逐渐增大的, 以适应曲线地 段。 图 6中仅示出了承轨台 11逐渐增大的变化趋势。 在另一种优选的实施例中, 轨道板 12和两列承轨台 11, 1Γ为一体结构, 其中, 一列承轨台 1Γ与另一列承轨台 11之间的轨距是变化的。 以此可适应部分轨距加宽地 段或伸缩调节器或道岔地段的使用。 从以上的描述中, 可以看出, 本实用新型上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果: 1、轨道板采用工厂化预制,制造质量和精度易于保证;减少了现场混凝土施工量, 有利于加快施工进度; 可采用预应力设计, 正常使用荷载作用下轨道板不开裂, 有利 于提高轨道结构耐久性; 承轨台空间位置可调, 利于轨道走向的精细调整。
2、可配套采用不同类型扣件系统, 能够为轨道系统提供较好的弹性, 同时减少钢 轨的精调工作量。 3、轨道板下采用浇注层如自密实混凝土浇筑, 通过连接件或层间粘结, 构成复合 结构, 改善轨道板的受力状态; 可采用自密实混凝土取代水泥乳化沥青砂浆充填层, 轨道系统工程材料单一, 有利于降低工程造价, 提高轨道系统耐久性。
4、 轨道板通过层间粘结或连接件进行限位: 轨道板与浇注层构成的"复合结构" 通过底座限位结构进行机械限位, 取消凸型挡台, 提高轨道系统的施工性, 轨道结构 稳定性好。
5、浇注层与底座间设置隔离层, 协调"复合结构"与底座间的变形, 隔断底座裂纹 向浇注层层的反射, 同时为特殊情况下的轨道系统修复提供了条件。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
底座 (16 ) ;
轨道板 (12), 设置在所述底座 (16) 上方;
浇注层(14), 设置在所述底座 (16)和所述轨道板(12)之间, 所述浇注 层 (14) 由自密实混凝土或水泥乳化沥青砂浆或树脂砂浆填充形成, 并且, 所 述浇注层 (14〉 内具有第一钢筋结构 (14a);
两列承轨台 (11, 11' ), 平行地设置在所述轨道板 (12) 上; 钢轨 (10〉, 设置在所述承轨台 (11, 11 ' ) 上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述无砟轨道系统为单元 结构。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述第一钢筋结构 (14a) 的排布为单层网状, 并且所述第一钢筋结构 (14a)位于所述浇注层 (14 )沿高 度方向的中部或者中部以下的位置。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述第一钢筋结构 (14a) 的排布为多层网状或者为钢筋笼, 并且所述第一钢筋结构(14a)沿所述浇注层
( 14) 沿髙度方向的中心面对称设置。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 还包括: 连接件(13 ), 所 述连接件 (13 ) 的第一端延伸至所述轨道板 (12) 内, 所述连接件 (13 ) 的第 二端延伸至所述浇注层 (14) 内; 所述连接件 (13 ) 与所述轨道板 (12) 为一 体结构, 并且, 所述连接件 (13 ) 为绝缘材质。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述连接件 (13 ) 和所述 钢轨 (10) 在所述钢轨 (10) 的俯视平面内的投影至少部分的重合, 并且, 所 述连接件 (13 ) 在所述钢轨 (10 ) 的俯视平面内的投影位于所述承轨台 (11, 11 ' ) 在所述钢轨 (10 ) 的俯视平面内的投影范围内。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述底座 (16) 的材质为 混凝土, 并且, 所述底座 (16) 内具有第二钢筋结构。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述底座 (16) 具有作用 于所述浇注层 (14) 的限位结构(200); 所述限位结构 (200) 为限位凸台, 所 述底座 (16) 沿延伸方向上具有限位凹槽, 所述限位凸台为所述浇注层 (14) 凸出至所述限位凹槽内形成。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述限位凸台的横截面呈 圆形, 在所述底座 (16) 的限位凹槽的环形表面上具有缓冲垫层 (21)。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述限位凸台的横截面为 矩形, 在所述底座 (16) 的限位凹槽的纵向两个相对平面处或者横向两个相对 处或者四周的四个侧面处设置缓冲垫层 (21)。
11. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲垫层 (21) 与水平方向的夹角 (α) 大于等于 45°且小于等于 90°。
12. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲垫层 (21) 的厚度大于等于 5mm且小于等于 50mm。
13. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲垫层 (21) 为双层结构, 所述缓冲垫层 (21) 外层的材质为硬质泡沫塑料板或泡沬板, 所 述缓冲垫层 (21) 的内层的材质为橡胶或发泡体材料或硫化橡胶或树脂。
14. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述轨道板 (12) 和所述 两列承轨台 (11, 11') 为一体结构, 其中, 所述一列承轨台 (1Γ) 中的每个 承轨台 (1Γ) 之间的间距 (D1') 大于所述另一列承轨台 (11) 中的每个承轨 台 (11) 之间的间距 (Dl)。
15. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述轨道板 (12) 和所述 两列承轨台 (11, 11')为一体结构, 其中, 在垂直于所述轨道板(12)方向上, 所述一列承轨台 (1Γ) 的高度高于另一列承轨台 (11) 的高度。
16. 根据权利要求 1所述的无砟轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述轨道板 (12) 和所述 两列承轨台 (11, 11') 为一体结构, 其中, 所述一列承轨台 (1Γ) 与所述另 一列承轨台 (11) 之间的轨距是变化的。
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