WO2013026267A1 - 一种自激推挽式变换器 - Google Patents

一种自激推挽式变换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013026267A1
WO2013026267A1 PCT/CN2012/070205 CN2012070205W WO2013026267A1 WO 2013026267 A1 WO2013026267 A1 WO 2013026267A1 CN 2012070205 W CN2012070205 W CN 2012070205W WO 2013026267 A1 WO2013026267 A1 WO 2013026267A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
inductance
transformer
self
primary winding
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PCT/CN2012/070205
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王保均
谢德
刘伟
Original Assignee
广州金升阳科技有限公司
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Priority to DE112012001950.4T priority Critical patent/DE112012001950T5/de
Priority to JP2014500233A priority patent/JP2014509180A/ja
Priority to US13/979,653 priority patent/US20140177291A1/en
Publication of WO2013026267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013026267A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01Resonant DC/DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M3/3382Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement
    • H02M3/3384Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement of the parallel type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5383Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M7/53832Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement
    • H02M7/53835Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement of the parallel type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-excitation push-pull converter, in particular to a self-excitation push-pull converter in DC-DC or DC-AC for industrial control and lighting industry. Background technique
  • the existing self-excited push-pull converter has a circuit structure derived from a self-oscillating push-pull triode single-transformer DC converter invented by GH Royer in 1955, which is also the beginning of realizing a high-frequency switching control circuit;
  • the circuit is derived from the self-excited push-pull dual transformer circuit invented in 1957 by Jen Sen (somewhere translated as "Jingsen"), which is called the self-oscillating Jensen circuit; these two circuits are collectively called self-excited.
  • Push-pull converter Compared with the self-oscillating Jensen circuit, the Royer circuit has an advantage.
  • the circuit can be designed to short-circuit the output load without burning the push-pull transistor.
  • the circuit composition and implementation principle of the self-excitation push-pull converter are disclosed in the Principles and Designs of Switching Power Supply, Electronic Industry Press, pp. 67-70 (ISBN No. 7-121-00211-6).
  • the main form of the circuit is the above-mentioned famous Royer circuit and self-oscillating Jensen circuit, wherein the self-excited push-pull converter adopting the Royer circuit structure is mainly composed of a pair of push-pull triodes and a magnetic core with hysteresis loops. It is driven by push-pull oscillation using the core saturation characteristic.
  • the oscillation frequency is a function of the power supply voltage.
  • f is the oscillation frequency
  • Bw is the working magnetic induction ( ⁇ )
  • is the number of turns of the coil
  • S is the effective cross-sectional area of the core.
  • the implementation mechanism of the short circuit protection is realized by the leakage inductance of the transformer.
  • the ideal transformer does not exist.
  • the leakage inductance of the transformer is that the magnetic lines generated by the primary coil cannot pass through the secondary coil. Therefore, the inductance that causes magnetic leakage is called leakage inductance.
  • the secondary coil is typically used for output, also known as the secondary side. When the secondary coil is directly short-circuited, the measured primary coil still has an inductance, which is generally considered to be a leakage inductance.
  • the primary coil and primary winding are also referred to as primary edges.
  • FIG. 1 shows a self-excited push-pull converter commonly used in the prior art, which adopts a Royer circuit structure, including a filter capacitor C, a bias resistor R1, a starting capacitor Cl, and a first transistor TR1.
  • the second transistor TR2 and the transformer B wherein the transformer B comprises: a first primary winding NP1 and a second primary winding NP2, the same name end of the second primary winding NP2 is connected to the different end of the first primary winding NP1, and their connections The point is the center tap of the primary winding; the first feedback winding NB1 and the second feedback winding NB2, the same name end of the first feedback winding NB1 is connected to the different end of the second feedback winding NB2, and their connection point is the center tap of the feedback winding ; and secondary winding Ns.
  • the filter capacitor C is the power supply terminal Vin of the converter, and the other end is the power supply reference terminal GND of the converter.
  • the first transistor TR1 is connected to the emitter of the second transistor TR2, and the connection point is connected to the power supply reference.
  • the GND, the base of the first transistor TR1 is connected to the different end of the first feedback winding NB1, the collector is connected to the same end of the first primary winding NP1, and the base of the second transistor TR2 is connected to the
  • the feedback terminal NB2 has the same name end, the collector is connected to the different name end of the second primary winding NP2, the power supply terminal Vin is connected to the center tap of the primary winding, and the other is connected to the center tap of the feedback winding through the bias resistor R1.
  • the starting capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the biasing resistor R1.
  • the output winding Ns is the output end of the converter, and the load of the transformer is connected.
  • the secondary side of the circuit can also be output through a known full-wave rectifying circuit as shown in FIG.
  • the output waveform of the transformer is approximately square wave, and the conversion efficiency of the circuit is high.
  • the starting capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the bias resistor R1 can be omitted. Solving the impact of the starting capacitor C1 on the push-pull first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 when the converter is turned on.
  • the self-excited push-pull oscillation frequency is greatly increased; according to the well-known transformer theory, the oscillation frequency rises.
  • the transmission efficiency of the common transformer B is reduced, and the energy consumed by the secondary side caused by the short circuit is not large, and the consumption of the primary side is also lowered by the rise of the self-excitation push-pull oscillation frequency; after the self-excitation push-pull oscillation frequency rises, the transformer The transmission efficiency of B is reduced, and the leakage inductance caused by the short circuit will rise, that is, the leakage inductance value increases, and the oscillation frequency of the final circuit will stabilize at a high frequency.
  • the above short circuit protection realization process can be summarized as: Load short circuit transformer primary inductance reduction circuit push-pull oscillation frequency rise transformer transmission efficiency reduction At the new operating frequency, the leakage inductance value rises the push-pull oscillation frequency at a certain point .
  • the self-excited push-pull converter of the Royer circuit structure operates at the ⁇ frequency; when a short circuit occurs, its operating frequency can be shifted up to above 1 MHz.
  • the self-excited push-pull converter using the Royer circuit structure shown in FIG. 1 has a distributed capacitance between the coils of the transformer B and the turns, the equivalent circuit of the coil is as shown in FIG. 4, the distributed capacitance of the coil, etc. The effect is the capacitance shown in the figure.
  • the resistance shown in the figure is the equivalent resistance of the coil.
  • the transformer B and the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 constitute The LC oscillation circuit
  • the equivalent circuit of the LC oscillation circuit is shown in Figure 5, wherein the capacitance CF is the distributed capacitance of the circuit, including the output capacitance of the first triode TR1 and the second triode TR2, and the primary winding of the transformer B.
  • the distributed capacitance of the (first primary winding NP1 and the second primary winding NP2) and the distributed capacitance between the wires; the first leakage inductance LDP1 and the second leakage inductance LDP2 are the leakage inductances of the two primary windings of the transformer B, respectively.
  • the collector of one transistor is always grounded due to saturation conduction, which is equivalent to rotating the two ends of the LC oscillation circuit with high speed switches respectively.
  • Grounding that is, one end equivalent to the LC oscillation circuit is always grounded, and the other end is still connected to the power supply terminal Vin.
  • the LC oscillation circuit is limited by the voltage input from the power supply terminal Vin, although the circuit operating frequency rises when the load is short-circuited, the LC oscillation circuit is limited in parallel by the power supply terminal Vin, which is equivalent to the LC oscillation circuit being short-circuited.
  • the Q factor corresponding to the quality factor of the LC oscillation circuit is extremely low, and it is necessary to continuously replenish energy to maintain the oscillation, and the energy consumption inside the inverter is large.
  • Figure 3 shows a self-excited push-pull converter commonly used in the lighting industry in the prior art for driving fluorescent tubes, energy-saving lamps, scientifically known as “collective resonance type Royer circuits", or “cold” Cathode lamp inverter (CCFL inverter), so it will also be referred to as CCFL inverter, CCFL converter.
  • the characteristic is that on the basis of the self-excited push-pull converter of Royer circuit structure (Fig.
  • the power supply terminal Vin is connected to the center tap of the primary winding of the transformer B through the damping inductor L1, and the inductance of the damping inductor L1 is generally
  • the first primary winding NP1 or the second primary winding NP2 is more than ten times the inductance; meanwhile, the collector of the first transistor TR1 is connected to the collector of the second transistor TR2 through the resonant capacitor CL, the resonant capacitor CL and the transformer B forms a well-known LC tank circuit, where C is the capacitance of the resonant capacitor CL and L is the total inductance of the primary winding of the push-pull transformer.
  • the inductances of the first primary winding NP1 and the second primary winding NP2 are equal, and the total inductance LALL of the primary winding of the transformer B is four times the inductance of the primary winding NP1.
  • the output of the self-excited push-pull converter using the collector-resonant Royer circuit structure is a sine wave or an approximate sine wave, but for the converter of this circuit type, even if the transformer leakage inductance technique is used, Repeatedly adjusting the leakage inductance of the push-pull transformer B, it is difficult to obtain good output short-circuit protection performance due to the large inductance of L1, and the LC oscillation that cannot be formed by the leakage inductance of the resonance capacitor CL and the transformer B at the expected high frequency.
  • the circuit replenishes energy.
  • the circuit cannot enter the high-frequency oscillation state. Because the leakage inductance of the transformer B is small, the circuit stops, and the resistor R1 supplies a bias current to the bases of the transistors TR1 and TR2.
  • the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 are simultaneously turned on by the damping inductor L1, causing the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 to be in a short time due to a large current, The collector-to-emitter voltage drop is large and burns out.
  • the leakage inductance of the transformer is very strict. Therefore, the process requirements for winding the transformer are very strict.
  • a self-excitation push-pull converter includes a Royer circuit, and an inductor is connected between a power supply end of the Royer circuit and a center tap of a transformer primary winding in the Royer circuit, and an inductance of the inductor is a transformer One tenth of the inductance of one of the primary windings, the center tap of the primary winding is the junction of the two primary windings of the transformer.
  • the present invention can also be implemented by another technical measure: a self-excitation push-pull converter, including a collector resonant type Royer circuit, further comprising an inductor and a capacitor; and a collector-resonant Royer circuit in the primary winding of the transformer
  • the center tap is sequentially connected to the power supply terminal of the collector resonant type Royer circuit through the inductance and the damping inductance of the collector resonant type Royer circuit, and the inductance of the inductor is ten of the inductance of one of the primary windings of the transformer
  • the center tap of the primary winding is a connection point of two primary windings of the transformer; the connection point of the damping inductance and the inductance is connected to a power supply reference end of the collector resonant type Royer circuit by a capacitor
  • the power supply reference end is the other end of the collector-resonant Royer circuit power supply terminal that is not connected to the damping inductor.
  • the inductance LN is formed by a trace of a printed circuit board.
  • the inductance LN is formed by a center tap lead of the primary winding being inserted into a magnetic bead or a magnetic ring.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the efficiency and short-circuit protection performance of the self-excited push-pull converter can be independently debugged, taking into account the high efficiency of the converter and good short-circuit protection performance.
  • the Royer self-excitation push-pull converter can work stably for a long time, and the short-circuit protection performance is improved.
  • the circuit Connect an inductor between the power supply terminal and the center tap of the main transformer.
  • the inductance of the inductor is ensured. In normal operation, the conversion efficiency of the circuit is less affected.
  • the circuit When the output is short-circuited, the circuit operates in the high-frequency oscillation mode, and the inductor is used to pass the low-frequency and high-frequency characteristics to generate a large voltage drop.
  • the energy transfer of the transformer to the short-circuit end of the output further reduces the operating current of the circuit when the output is short-circuited and reduces the power consumption of the circuit.
  • the center tap of the primary winding of transformer B passes through the inductor in turn.
  • the damping inductor L1 is connected to the power supply terminal Vin; the connection point of the damping inductor L1 and the inductor LN is connected to the power supply reference terminal through the capacitor CN.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor CN is large, which is equivalent to the absence of CN, and the inductance of the series inductor LN is small, and has little effect on the performance of the original circuit; the newly added two components Does not affect the circuit output sine wave or approximate sine wave; when the output short circuit occurs, when the oscillation frequency of the circuit moves up, the damping inductance L1 and the newly added capacitance CN become an LC filter circuit, when the capacitance of the capacitor CN is small, For high-frequency signals, it is equivalent to AC grounding. High-frequency oscillation has been maintained because of the presence of capacitor CN. At this time, the inductance LN passes through the low-frequency and high-frequency blocking characteristics.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art collector-resonant Royer circuit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the actual equivalent circuit of the known inductor
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the main circuit of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 when the short circuit protection is realized by the leakage inductance;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a self-excitation push-pull converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention, including a filter capacitor (:, a bias resistor R1, a startup capacitor C1, a first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, and a transformer B).
  • a filter capacitor :, a bias resistor R1, a startup capacitor C1, a first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, and a transformer B.
  • the inductance LN the circuit structure is basically the same as the self-excited push-pull converter (Fig. 1) adopting the Royer circuit structure in the prior art, and the difference is only that the power supply terminal Vin is connected to the transformer B through the newly added inductor LN.
  • the center tap of the primary winding, the inductance of the inductor LN is less than one tenth of the inductance of one of the primary windings (NP1, NP2) of the transformer B, the center tap of the primary winding is the first primary winding NP1 and the second primary The connection point of winding NP2.
  • the inductance of the inductance LN is one tenth of the inductance of the primary winding in which the inductance is small. the following.
  • the LC oscillation circuit Due to the presence of the inductance LN, the LC oscillation circuit is no longer limited by the voltage input from the power supply terminal Vin. When the load is short-circuited, the operating frequency of the circuit rises, and the energy oscillates in the LC oscillation circuit, as indicated by the gray arrow in FIG. The energy must be absorbed by the power supply through the inductor LN.
  • the LC oscillation circuit is equivalent to the quality factor of the LC oscillation circuit.
  • the Q value is no longer dragged by the power supply due to the presence of the inductance LN.
  • the energy can maintain oscillation, and its internal energy consumption is small, and the energy is basically consumed in the secondary side load short circuit. Therefore, when the value of the inductance LN is too small, the quality factor Q of the LC oscillation circuit will still be dragged low by the power supply, and the effect of the inductance LN is reduced.
  • the damping inductor L1, the resonant capacitor CL, the inductor LN and the capacitor CN have the same circuit structure as the prior art collector-resonant Royer circuit (as shown in FIG. 3 ), and the difference is that the power supply terminal Vin passes through the damping inductor in sequence.
  • the oscillation frequency of the circuit is shifted upward.
  • the capacitor CN is equivalent to the short circuit, and the ground bypass is provided.
  • the function of the damping inductor L1 becomes the power supply filter inductor, and the capacitor CN constitutes the converter.
  • the filter circuit of the circuit does not limit the upward frequency of the oscillation of the circuit.
  • the inductor LN has the same function as the inductor LN in the first embodiment and realizes short-circuit protection through the same.
  • the working principle and implementation of the short-circuit protection in the second embodiment Example 1 is the same and can achieve the same protection performance, and will not be described here.
  • filter capacitor C is the value of luF
  • the bias resistor R1 is 1 ⁇ ⁇
  • the starting capacitor C1 is 0. 047uF.
  • the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 are at a magnification.
  • the measured parameters of the self-excited push-pull converter of the first embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
  • the short-circuit protection current is also reduced from the average of 75.1 mA to 36 mA.
  • the oscillation frequency of the circuit rises from the 34.56KHZ (shown in Figure 7) during normal operation of the circuit to 1623KHz, which is nearly 46 times higher.
  • the prior art is raised to 565.3 KHZ, which is nearly 16 times higher, so the present invention can further increase the oscillation frequency during short circuit.
  • the self-excitation push-pull converter circuit of the first embodiment (Fig. 6) can recover to the oscillation using the magnetic saturation characteristics of the magnetic core. At this time, the operating frequency is low, and the inductance LN is due to the inductance. Small, has little effect on the operation of the circuit.
  • the load resistance of 25 ohms is connected, and the actual test parameters of the self-excited push-pull converter of the first embodiment of the present invention are obtained by performing the actual measurement by the efficiency test circuit shown in FIG.
  • the inductance is serially connected, for example, two push-pull transistor emission stage connection points to the power supply.
  • the inductance is connected between the ground, the collector of the push-pull transistor is connected to the transformer, and the two primary windings are connected by an inductor into a center tap; the inductor is connected in series to replace the original inductor; the inductor LN of the second embodiment is used.
  • the two stages of the capacitor CN are connected in series. In these two stages, the values of the inductance and the capacitance can be different to obtain better protection performance, and the object of the present invention can also be achieved, and is also attributed to the embodiment of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种自激推挽式变换器包括罗耶(Royer)电路。罗耶电路的供电端(Vin)和罗耶电路中变压器初级绕组的中心抽头之间连接有电感(LN)。该电感的电感量小于变压器的其中一个初级绕组(NP1,NP2)电感量的十分之一。该中心抽头为变压器的两个初级绕组的连接点。该自激推挽式变换器一致性高、易于调试、工艺要求低以及短路保护性能好。

Description

一种自激推挽式变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自激推挽式变换器, 特别涉及工业控制与照明行业 DC-DC 或 DC- AC中的自激推挽式变换器。 背景技术
现有的自激推挽式变换器, 电路结构来自 1955年美国罗耶(GH.Royer)发明 的自激振荡推挽三极管单变压器直流变换器,这也是实现高频转换控制电路的开 端; 部分电路来自 1957年美国查赛(Jen Sen, 有的地方译作 "井森")发明的自 激式推挽双变压器电路, 后被称为自振荡 Jensen 电路; 这两种电路, 后人统称 为自激推挽式变换器。 Royer电路相比自振荡 Jensen电路, 有一个优点, Royer 电路在输出端负载短路时, 通过电路的设计, 可以实现输出端负载短路保护, 而 不会烧毁推挽用的三极管。 在电子工业出版社的 《开关电源的原理与设计》 第 67页至 70页 (该书 ISBN号为 7-121-00211-6)公开了自激推挽式变换器的电路 组成方式和实现原理, 电路的主要形式为上述著名的 Royer电路和自振荡 Jensen 电路,其中采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器主要由一对推挽工作的三极 管和一个具有磁滞回线的磁心组成, 是利用磁心饱和特性进行推挽振荡驱动的, 其振荡频率是电源电压的函数, 振荡频率为: f = lO4 Hz 公式 (1)
ABwSN
式中: f 为振荡频率, Bw为工作磁感应强度 (Τ), Ν为线圈匝数, S为磁心 有效截面积。
现有技术中采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器,其短路保护的实现机 理是通过变压器的漏感实现的。 变压器都会存在漏感, 理想的变压器并不存在, 变压器的漏感是初级线圈所产生的磁力线不能都通过次级线圈,因此产生漏磁的 电感称为漏感。 次级线圈通常作输出用, 也称为副边。 当次级线圈直接短路时, 这时测出的初级线圈仍存在电感量, 通常近似地认为是漏感。初级线圈、初级绕 组也称为原边。 图 1示出了现有技术中常见应用的一种自激推挽式变换器, 其采用了 Royer 电路结构, 包括滤波电容 C、 偏置电阻 Rl、 启动电容 Cl、 第一三极管 TR1、 第二 三极管 TR2和变压器 B, 其中变压器 B包含: 第一初级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕组 NP2,第二初级绕组 NP2的同名端连接到第一初级绕组 NP1的异名端,它们的连接 点为初级绕组的中心抽头; 第一反馈绕组 NB1和第二反馈绕组 NB2, 第一反馈绕 组 NB1的同名端连接到第二反馈绕组 NB2的异名端, 它们的连接点为反馈绕组的 中心抽头; 和次级绕组 Ns。 滤波电容 C的一端为变换器的供电端 Vin, 另一端为 变换器的供电参考端 GND, 第一三极管 TR1与第二三极管 TR2的发射极相连接, 其连接点连接到供电参考端 GND,第一三极管 TR1的基极连接到第一反馈绕组 NB1 的异名端, 其集电极连接到第一初级绕组 NP1的同名端, 第二三极管 TR2的基极 连接到第二反馈绕组 NB2的同名端,其集电极连接到第二初级绕组 NP2的异名端, 供电端 Vin—路连接到初级绕组的中心抽头, 另一路通过偏置电阻 R1连接到反 馈绕组的中心抽头, 启动电容 C1与偏置电阻 R1相并联, 输出绕组 Ns为变换器 的输出端,连接变压器的负载, 电路的副边也可通过如图 2所示的公知全波整流 电路输出。 该变压器输出波形为近似方波, 电路的变换效率较高, 这种电路结构 中,在较高工作电压等很多场合下, 与偏置电阻 R1相并联的启动电容 C1在可以 省去, 这样可以解决启动电容 C1在变换器开机时对推挽用第一三极管 TR1和第 二三极管 TR2的冲击。 当变换器的负载出现短路时, 等效于第一初级绕组 NPI和 第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量降至一个很小的值, 电路进入高频自激推挽式振荡。 参见公式(1), 负载短路时, 线圈有效匝数由于短路而等效减少, 相当于公式(1) 中 SN的乘积变小, 工作频率上升。 频率上升也会引起电路脱离磁心磁饱和式振 荡, 而进入 LC回路的高频振荡, 通过控制变压器 B的漏感, 让自激推挽式振荡 频率大幅上升; 根据公知的变压器理论, 振荡频率上升后, 常见变压器 B的传输 效率降低, 短路引起副边消耗的能量并不大, 原边的消耗也会因自激推挽式振荡 频率上升而降低; 自激推挽式振荡频率上升后, 变压器 B的传输效率降低, 短路 引起的漏感会有所回升, 即漏感值升高, 最终电路的振荡频率会稳定在一个高频 率上。上述短路保护实现过程可概括描述为: 负载短路 变压器初级电感量降低 电路推挽式振荡频率上升 变压器传输效率降低 在新工作频率下,漏感值升 高 电路推挽式振荡频率稳定在某一点上。 在实际使用时, 正常工作时, 采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器工作在 ΙΟΟΚΗζ的频率上; 当短路发生时, 其工作频率可上移至 1MHz以上。
由于图 1示出的采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器,其变压器 B的线 圈, 匝与匝之间存在分布电容, 线圈的等效电路为图 4所示, 线圈的分布电容等 效为图中所示电容, 图中所示电阻为线圈的等效电阻; 这样, 变换器在利用漏感 实现短路保护时, 变压器 B和第一三极管 TR1以及第二三极管 TR2构成了 LC振 荡回路,该 LC振荡回路的等效电路如图 5所示,其中电容 CF为回路的分布电容, 包括第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2的输出电容、变压器 B初级绕组(第一初 级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕组 NP2 ) 的分布电容以及电线之间的分布电容; 第一漏 感 LDP1和第二漏感 LDP2分别为变压器 B两个初级绕组的漏感。 由于第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2轮流导通, 始终有一只三极管的集电极因为饱和导通而等 效接地, 这就相当于 LC振荡回路中的两端用高速开关分别轮流接地, 即等效于 LC振荡回路中的一端始终接地, 另一端仍为接在供电端 Vin上。 由于 LC振荡回 路被供电端 Vin输入的电压限幅, 所以, 尽管在负载短路时, 电路工作频率升上 去了,该 LC振荡回路由于被供电端 Vin并联限制,相当于该 LC振荡回路被短路, 相当于 LC振荡回路的品质因素 Q值极低,而需要不停地补充能量才能维持振荡, 变换器内部的能量消耗大。
图 3示出了现有技术中常用于照明行业的一种自激推挽式变换器,其用于驱 动日光灯管、 节能灯管, 学名为 "集极谐振型 Royer电路", 或 "冷阴极灯管逆 变器 (CCFL inverter ) " , 所以也会简称为 CCFL逆变器、 CCFL变换器。 其特 点是在采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器(如图 1 )的基础上,供电端 Vin 通过阻尼电感 L1连接到变压器 B初级绕组的中心抽头,阻尼电感 L1的电感量一 般是第一初级绕组 NP1或第二初级绕组 NP2电感量的十倍以上; 同时, 第一三极 管 TR1的集电极通过谐振电容 CL连接到第二三极管 TR2的集电极, 谐振电容 CL 与变压器 B形成一个公知的 LC振荡回路, 其中 C是谐振电容 CL的电容量, L是 推挽变压器初级绕组的总电感量。 第一初级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕组 NP2的电感 相等, 变压器 B初级绕组的总电感量 LALL是初级绕组 NP1电感量的 4倍。 利用 LC振荡回路, 采用集极谐振型 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器的输出为正 弦波或近似正弦波, 但对于这种电路形式的变换器, 即使采用变压器漏感技术, 反复调节推挽变压器 B的漏感, 由于 L1电感量较大, 也很难获良好的输出短路 保护性能, 在期待的高频率下, 无法对谐振电容 CL和变压器 B的漏感形成的 LC 振荡回路进行补充能量,变换器在负载发生短路时,电路无法进入高频振荡状态, 由于变压器 B漏感小, 电路停振, 电阻 R1向三极管 TR1和 TR2的基极提供了偏 置电流, 这时会出现第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2同时通过阻尼电感 L1直 流导通的状况,导致第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2在很短的时间内因为大电 流、 集电极至发射极压降大而烧毁。
综合以上所述,现有技术的采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器具有以 下缺点:
1、 绕制变压器的工艺要求很严格, 产品的一致性很难控制。
因变换器是通过漏感实现短路保护的, 为了获得良好的短路保护性能, 对变 压器的漏感要求很严格。 所以, 对绕制变压器的工艺要求很严格。
2、 现有的 Royer自激推挽式变换器的效率与短路保护性能不好兼顾。
变压器在绕制时, 经常采用原边和副边间距大一点的绕法, 这样漏感大, 可 以获得良好的短路保护性能,但这时由于漏感偏大,电路的整体变换效率会降低。 即,现有的 Royer自激推挽式变换器的效率与短路保护性能是矛盾的,在设计时, 经常出现: 短路保护性能做好了, 变换效率又低了; 变换效率做好了, 短路保护 性能又很差。
3、 对于为了能应用于工业控制和照明行业, 获得正弦波输出的 Royer自激 推挽式变换器电路 (如图 3 ) , 现有技术无法实现良好的输出短路保护功能, 基 本上负载短路时, 由于阻尼电感 L1的存在, 电路无法工作在相对高频的情况下, 会在较短时间内烧毁第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2。
4、 负载出现短路时, 现有的 Royer自激推挽式变换器功耗大, 短路时间略 长, 几分钟至半小时, 电路极易因发热而损坏。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种自激推挽式变换器, 该变换器能克服上述缺点, 能 达到良好的短路保护性能一致性, 兼顾高效率与良好的短路保护性能, 对产生漏 感的变压器的工艺要求较低, 能长时间工作在负载短路情况下而不损坏。 本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施来实现的:
一种自激推挽式变换器, 包括 Royer电路, 在所述 Royer电路的供电端和所 述 Royer电路中变压器初级绕组的中心抽头之间, 还连接有电感, 所述电感的电 感量为变压器中其中一个初级绕组电感量的十分之一以下,所述初级绕组的中心 抽头为所述变压器的两个初级绕组的连接点。
作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述电感 LN由印刷电路板的走线形成。 作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述电感 LN由所述初级绕组的中心抽头引线 串入磁珠或磁环形成。
本发明还可通过另一技术措施来实现的: 一种自激推挽式变换器, 包括集极 谐振型 Royer电路, 还包括电感和电容; 所述集极谐振型 Royer电路中变压器初 级绕组的中心抽头依次通过所述电感和所述集极谐振型 Royer 电路中阻尼电感 连接到所述集极谐振型 Royer电路的供电端,所述电感的电感量为变压器中其中 一个初级绕组电感量的十分之一以下,所述初级绕组的中心抽头为所述变压器的 两个初级绕组的连接点;所述阻尼电感和电感的连接点通过电容连接到所述集极 谐振型 Royer电路的供电参考端;所述供电参考端为所述集极谐振型 Royer电路 供电端不与阻尼电感连接的另一端。
作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述电感 LN由印刷电路板的走线形成。 作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述电感 LN由所述初级绕组的中心抽头引线 串入磁珠或磁环形成。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、 增加低成本的一电感或一电感、 一电容后, 变压器的制作、 生产工艺变得 简单, 且短路保护性能一致性好。
2、 自激推挽式变换器的效率与短路保护性能可以独立调试, 兼顾了变换器的 高效率与良好的短路保护性能。
3、 当负载短路时, Royer自激推挽式变换器可以长时间稳定工作, 短路保护性 能得到提升。
4、 应用于工业控制和照明行业、 输出正弦波信号的自激推挽式变换器, 同样 能够实现以上三个有益效果。
在供电电源端至主变压器中心抽头之间串入一只电感,电感的感量确保在正 常工作时, 对电路的变换效率影响较小, 而在输出发生短路时, 电路工作在高频 振荡模式下, 利用这只电感通低频、 阻高频的特性, 产生较大的电压降, 减少变 压器对输出短路端的能量传输, 从而进一步降低电路在输出短路时的工作电流、 降低电路的功耗。
对于集极谐振型 Royer电路, 变压器 B初级绕组的中心抽头依次通过电感
LN和所述集极谐振型 Royer电路中阻尼电感 L1连接到供电端 Vin;阻尼电感 L1 和电感 LN的连接点通过电容 CN连接到供电参考端。 本发明的新增电容 CN, 在 正常工作时, 电容 CN的容抗大, 相当于 CN不存在, 而串入的电感 LN感量小, 对原电路性能几乎没有影响;新加的两个元件不影响电路输出正弦波或近似正弦 波; 而在输出发生短路时, 电路的振荡频率上移时, 阻尼电感 L1和新增电容 CN 成了一个 LC滤波回路, 这时电容 CN容抗较小, 对于高频信号, 相当于交流接 地, 高频振荡因为电容 CN存在而得已维持, 这时电感 LN通低频、 阻高频的特 性,在高频振荡的工作方式下, 产生较大的电压降减少变压器对输出短路端的能 量传输, 从而进一步降低电路在输出短路时的工作电流、 降低电路的功耗。
若变压器的漏感偏小,高频振荡更高,这时,在串入电感上的电压降会增大, 进一步限制了变压器对输出短路端的能量传输, 从而实现短路保护性能一致性 好。 附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图 1为现有技术的 Royer电路结构自激推挽式变换器的电路原理图; 图 2为公知的全波整流电路的电路原理图;
图 3为现有技术的集极谐振型 Royer电路的电路原理图;
图 4为公知的电感实际的等效电路原理图;
图 5为图 1所示电路利用漏感实现短路保护时其主电路的等效电路图; 图 6为本发明实施例一的电路原理图;
图 7为实施例一在电路正常工作时的输出波形图;
图 8为图 6所示电路实现短路保护时其主电路的等效电路图;
图 9为本发明实施例二的电路原理图; 图 10为图 1所示电路在实现短路保护时其第一三极管集电极的波形图; 图 11为自激推挽式变换器的变换效率测试电路原理图;
图 12为图 6所示电路在实现短路保护时其第一三极管集电极的波形图。 具体实施方式
图 6示出了本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器, 包括滤波电容 (:、 偏置电 阻 Rl、 启动电容 Cl、 第一三极管 TR1、 第二三极管 TR2、 变压器 B和电感 LN, 其 电路结构与现有技术中采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器(如图 1 )基本 相同, 其不同点仅在于供电端 Vin通过新增的电感 LN连接到变压器 B初级绕组 的中心抽头, 该电感 LN的电感量为变压器 B中其中一个初级绕组 (NP1、 NP2)电 感量的十分之一以下,该初级绕组的中心抽头为第一初级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕 组 NP2的连接点。
其中,当变压器 B的两个初级绕组(第一初级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕组 NP2 ) 取值不相同时, 电感 LN的电感量为其中电感量较小的初级绕组电感量的十分之 一以下。
当变换器正常工作时, 由于电感 LN的电感量远小于变压器 B的第一初级绕 组 NPI或第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量, 这时电感 LN对电路的变换效率影响较小, 电感 LN的电感量取值在变压器第一初级绕组 NPI或第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量的 十分之一, 那么次级绕组输出电压就会下降十分之一, 即输出电压是不串电感 LN时的 90. 0%, 电感 LN也不是理想电感, 取大了以后, 其直流内阻就会大, 就会 引起电路的变换效率降低, 同时, 由于电感 LN的影响, 输出电压会降低; 电感 LN的取值太小, 接近导线的话, 短路保护效果则不明显。 为了不影响电路的输出 电压, 同时保证短路保护效果, 电感取值优选在第一初级绕组 NPI或第二初级绕 组 NP2的电感量的四百分之一与二十分之一之间,电感 LN的电感量取值在变压器 第一初级绕组 NPI或第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量的百分之一以下时, 电感 LN对电 路的变换效率影响极小, 可以忽略不计, 同时对输出电压的影响也极小, 在正常 工作时, 电感 LN相当于短路, 变换器利用磁心饱和特性实现推挽振荡工作, 输 出波形为近似方波(如图 7所示) , 电路的变换效率较高, 其原理与现有技术的 实现原理相同, 在此不再赘述。 当变换器的负载出现短路时, 等效于第一初级绕组 NPI和第二初级绕组 NP2 的电感量降至一个很小的值, 电路进入高频自激推挽式振荡。 通过控制变压器 B 的漏感, 让自激推挽式振荡频率大幅上升; 振荡频率上升后, 变压器 B的传输效 率降低, 短路引起副边消耗的能量并不大, 原边 (第一初级绕组 NPI、 第二初级 绕组 NP2、第一反馈绕组 NB1和第二反馈绕组 NB2 ) 的消耗也会因自激推挽式振荡 频率上升而降低; 自激推挽式振荡频率上升后, 变压器 B的传输效率降低, 短路 引起的漏感会有所回升, 即漏感值升高, 最终电路自激推挽式变换器的振荡频率 会稳定在一个高频率上。 由于电感 LN的存在, 这种 LC振荡回路等效电路如图 8 所示, 其中电容 CF为回路的分布电容, 包括第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2 的输出电容、变压器 B的分布电容、 以及电线之间的分布电容; 而第一漏感 LDP1 和第二漏感 LDP2分别为变压器 B两个初级绕组的漏感, 由于第一三极管 TR1和 第二三极管 TR2轮流导通, 所以 LC振荡回路的一端等效接地, 另一端仍通过电 感 LN接在供电端 Vin上。 由于电感 LN的存在, LC振荡回路不再被供电端 Vin输 入的电压限幅, 在负载短路时, 电路工作频率升上去了, 能量在 LC振荡回路中 振荡, 如图 8中灰色箭头所示, 能量要通过电感 LN才能通过供电端 Vin被电源 所吸收, 该 LC振荡回路由于电感 LN的存在, 相当于 LC振荡回路的品质因素 Q 值不再被电源拖得很低, 该回路无需补充较大能量便能维持振荡, 其内部的能量 消耗很小, 能量基本上消耗在副边负载短路环节上。 所以当电感 LN的取值过小 时, LC振荡回路的品质因素 Q值仍会被电源拖得很低, 电感 LN的作用减小。
图 6示出的自激推挽式变换器,其短路保护的工作原理可以总结为: 串入电 感 LN, 电感 LN在电路正常工作时, 对磁心磁饱和特性的振荡影响很小; 而当负 载出现短路时, 电路的振荡频率上移后, 利用电感 LN的阻高频、通低频的特性, 让振荡回路中的能量因电感 LN存在而不易被电源吸收而损失, 从而改善了短路 保护性能。 经过精心调试、 选值的电感 LN, 配合同步加大电路中的启动电容 C1 的容值, 可以让该自激推挽式变压器在短路保护时, 电路的工作电流小于电路在 空载情况下的工作电流。
上述本发明实施例一中, 电感 LN可以由印刷电路板的走线形成、 也可以由 所述的初级绕组中心抽头引线串入磁珠或磁环形成; 根据电源变换器的实际需 要,第一三极管和第二三极管可以均采用 NPN型三极管或均采用 PNP型三极管 (此 时电源输入电压的极性需要翻转),也可以是采用单体的三极管或是复合三极管。 图 9示出了本发明实施例二的自激推挽式变换器, 包括滤波电容 (:、 偏置电 阻 Rl、启动电容 Cl、第一三极管 TR1、第二三极管 TR2、变压器 B、阻尼电感 Ll、 谐振电容 CL、 电感 LN和电容 CN, 其电路结构与现有技术中的集极谐振型 Royer 电路 (如图 3 ) 基本相同, 其不同点在于供电端 Vin是依次通过阻尼电感 L1和 新增的电感 LN连接到变压器 B初级绕组的中心抽头, 该电感 LN的电感量为变压 器 B中其中一个初级绕组 (NP1或 NP2)电感量的十分之一以下, 该初级绕组的中 心抽头为第一初级绕组 NP1和第二初级绕组 NP2的连接点, 还在于阻尼电感 L1 和新增的电感 LN的连接点通过电容 CN连接到供电参考端 GND。
当变换器正常工作时, 电路的工作频率相对较低, 由于电感 LN的电感量远 小于变压器 B的第一初级绕组 NPI或第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量, 这时电感 LN 对电路的变换效率影响较小, 相当于短路, 而电容 CN的容量也相对较小, 相当 于开路, 所以电感 LN和电容 CN在变换器正常工作时可以忽略不计, 变换器实 现推挽振荡工作,输出波形为正弦波或近似正弦波, 其原理与现有技术的实现原 理相同, 在此不再赘述。
当变换器的负载出现短路时, 电路的振荡频率上移, 这时, 电容 CN相当于 短路, 提供了对地旁路, 阻尼电感 L1的作用成为供电电源滤波电感, 与电容 CN 共同组成变换器电路的滤波电路, 而不会限制电路的振荡频率上移, 这时, 电感 LN和实施例一中电感 LN的作用相同并通过其实现短路保护,本实施例二实现短 路保护的工作原理与实施例一相同并能达到相同的保护性能, 这里不再赘述。
上述本发明实施例二中, 电感 LN可以由印刷电路板的走线形成、 也可以由 所述的初级绕组中心抽头引线串入磁珠或磁环形成; 根据电源变换器的实际需 要,第一三极管和第二三极管可以均采用 NPN型三极管或均采用 PNP型三极管 (此 时电源输入电压的极性需要翻转),也可以是采用单体的三极管或是复合三极管。
为了更好地理解本发明相对于现有技术所作出的改进及其得到的有益效果, 以下将对背景技术部分所提到的现有技术和本发明的具体实施例结合附图和实 际测量数据加以说明。
图 1示出的现有技术中采用 Royer电路结构的自激推挽式变换器,通过以下 的参数取值, 将图 1所示变换器做成输入直流 5V, 输出直流 5V, 输出电流为 200mA, 即输出功率 1W的开关电源变换器。
电路的主要参数取值为: 滤波电容 C取值 luF, 偏置电阻 R1取值 1Κ Ω, 启 动电容 C1取值 0. 047uF, 第一三极管 TR1和第二三极管 TR2为放大倍数在 200 倍左右的三极管, 它们的集电极最大工作电流为 1A; 变压器的副边输出采用如 图 2所示的全波整流电路, 其中第一初级绕组 NPI和第二初级绕组 NP2的圈数均 为 20匝, 第一反馈绕组 NBI和第二反馈绕组 NB2的圈数均为 3匝, 第一次级绕组 Nsi和第二次级绕组 NS2的圈数分别为 23匝,变压器 B的磁心采用外直径 5毫米, 横截面积为 1. 5平方毫米的常见铁氧体环形磁心, 俗称磁环。
经过对上述电路的实际测量,得出下述表一的现有技术中采用 Royer电路结 构的自激推挽式变换器的实测参数:
Figure imgf000012_0001
从表一可以看出,在负载短路时, 现有技术中的自激推挽式变换器的短路保 护电流一致性较差,而这是因为变压器在绕制时,很难控制漏感的一致性引起的。
在变换器负载出现短路时,对上述电路中第一三极管 TR1的集电极进行波形 观察, 得出如图 10所示的输出波形, 可以看到, 在第一三极管 TR1饱和导通时, 其集电极的电压几乎为 0V, 而当第二三极管 TR2饱和导通时, 由于变压器 B的 作用,第一三极管 TR1的集电极电压将近为从供电端 Vin输入的电源电压的一倍, 为 9. 50V。 同时可以看到, 在负载短路时, 电路的振荡频率从电路正常工作时的 34. 56KHz (如图 7所示) 上升到 565. 3KHz, 上升了将近 16倍。
图 6示出的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器,其与图 1示出的现有技术 的自激推挽式变换器相同的电路部分采用上述表一相同的参数取值,直接在上述 实际电路完成实测后, 新增加电感 LN, 经测定, 第一初级绕组 NPI的电感量和 第二初级绕组 NP2的电感量相等,实测为 206uH,而根据本发明实施例一的要求, 电感 LN的电感量取值应小于 20.6uH,测试时电感 LN取值 0.6uH,相当于初级绕 组的三百四十分之一。
经过对上述电路的实际测量,得出下述表二的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式 变换器的实测参数:
Figure imgf000013_0001
从表二可以看出, 在负载短路时, 本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器, 其 总工作电流, 即电路输入总电流, 从 1号样品至 5号样品在负载短路时的工作电 流全部下降至 38mA以下, 且一致性好。 短路时, 电路输入总电流也由平均值
75. 1mA下降至 36mA。
为上述电路接上 25欧的负载电阻,通过如图 11所示效率测试电路在变换器 正常工作时,分别对现有技术和本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器电路进行实 测, 其中, 电压表头 VI测试其工作电压 Vin, 即输入电压; 电流表头 A1测试 其输入电流 Iin, 即为工作电流; 电压表头 V2测试其输出电压 Vout, 电流表头
A2测试其输出电流 lout, 得出下述表三的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器 的实测参数:
Figure imgf000013_0002
1 5 78.6 78.5
2 5 79.1 79.1
3 5 77.9 77.9
4 5 79.4 79.3
5 5 78.9 78.9 其中, 表三的变换效率由以下公式 (2)计算得出。
电路的变换效率为:
Vout X lout
η = -— ~~ - ~ X 100% 公式 (2)
Vin X Ιιη
式中: Vin为工作电压, 即输入电压, I in为输入电流; Vout为输出电压, lout为输出电流。
从表三可以看出, 本发明串入合适的电感后, 对效率的影响极小, 短路保护 性能一致性好, 易于调试, 变压器的制作、 生产工艺变得简单。 其中 4号样品, 由于变压器漏感小, 现在技术在负载短路时, 其工作电流有 110mA, 而本发明实 施例一的工作电流下降至 36mA
在变换器负载出现短路时, 对上述实施例一的电路中第一三极管 TR1的集 电极进行波形观察,得出如图 12所示的输出波形,可以看到,在第一三极管 TR1 饱和导通时, 其集电极的电压几乎为 0V, 而当第二三极管 TR2饱和导通时, 由 于变压器 B的作用, 第一三极管 TR1的集电极电压几乎为电源电压的几倍, 为 21.90V, 能产生这么高的峰值, 说明在电感 LN起作用, 电路的 LC振荡回路(如 图 8所示)确实在谐振, 也因此产生了前文中表二所述的有益效果, 短路保护电 流也由平均值 75.1mA下降至 36mA。 电路的振荡频率从电路正常工作时的 34.56KHZ (如图 7所示) 上升到 1623KHz, 上升了近 46倍。 现有技术是上升到 565.3KHZ,上升了将近 16倍,所以本发明可以让短路时的振荡频率进一步上升。 当负载由短路恢复为正常时, 实施例一的自激推挽式变换器电路 (如图 6 ) 可以 自行恢复到利用磁心磁饱和特性的振荡中, 这时工作频率低, 电感 LN由于电感 量小, 对电路的工作几乎没有影响。
图 6示出的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器, 前文提过, 电感 LN的电 感量取值应小于 20.6uH, 取上述表三的测试参数, 其中电感 LN取值 20.6uH, 相 当于初级绕组的十分之一。
经过对上述电路的实际测量,得出下述表四的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式 变换器的实测参数:
表四
Figure imgf000015_0001
从表四可以看出, 在负载短路时, 本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器, 其 总工作电流, 即电路输入总电流, 从 1号样品至 5号样品在负载短路时的工作电 流全部下降至 37mA以下, 且一致性好。 短路时, 电路输入总电流也由平均值 75. 1mA下降至 34. 4mA。 电感 LN的感量取 0.6uH时, 平均值为 36mA。
同样接上 25欧的负载电阻, 通过如图 11所示效率测试电路进行实测, 得出 下述表五的本发明实施例一的自激推挽式变换器的实测参数:
表五
Figure imgf000015_0002
从表五可以看出,本发明串入初级绕组的十分之一电感后, 对效率的影响开 始显现, 从使用 0.6uH的平均值 78.74%下降至 77.84%, 下降了 0.9%。但对输出 电压影响较大, 从使用 0.6uH的输出电压 4.90V, 下降至 4.46V。
分别对图 3示出的现有技术的自激推挽式变换器和图 9示出的本发明实施例 二自激推挽式变换器进行实测,其中阻尼电感 L1取 2mH电感, 即是初级绕组电 感 206uH的十倍, 图 3示出的现有技术的自激推挽式变换器没有短路保护功能, 电路在 15秒内烧毁, 由于 L1的存在, 图 3电路无法实现短路保护功能。 而图 9 示出的本发明实施例二自激推挽式变换器,电感 LN取值在 20.6uH至 0.6uH之间, 电容 CN取值 0.047uF至 O.OluF电容时, 图 9电路均获得良好的短路保护性能, 五只样品在次级绕组短路时, 工作电流均在 44mA以下。现有技术的集极谐振型 Royer电路很难在保证电路常规性能下实现短路保护功能, 而本发明实施例二自 激推挽式变换器可以实现良好的短路保护功能, 在此不再列表说明测试数据。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,依据本发明的精神还可以通过其它方式实 现, 在上述的 LC等效振荡回路中的其它位置串入电感, 如两只推挽三极管发射 级连接点至电源地之间串入电感、 推挽三极管集电极至变压器之间分别串入电 感、变压器两个初级绕组使用电感连接成中心抽头;用电感串联代替原有的电感; 使用实施例二的电感 LN和电容 CN两级串联, 这两级中, 电感和电容的取值可以 不同, 以获得更好的保护性能等实施方式, 也能实现本发明的目的, 也应归于本 发明的实施方式。
所以应当指出的是, 上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制, 本发明的 保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来 说, 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进和 润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种自激推挽式变换器, 包括 Royer电路, 其特征在于: 在所述 Royer电 路的供电端和所述 Royer 电路中变压器初级绕组的中心抽头之间, 还连接有电 感,所述电感的电感量为变压器中其中一个初级绕组电感量的十分之一以下, 所 述初级绕组的中心抽头为所述变压器的两个初级绕组的连接点。
2、根据权利要求 1所述自激推挽式变换器, 其特征在于: 所述电感由印刷电 路板的走线形成。
3、根据权利要求 1所述自激推挽式变换器, 其特征在于: 所述电感由所述初 级绕组的中心抽头引线串入磁珠或磁环形成。
4、 一种自激推挽式变换器, 包括集极谐振型 Royer电路, 其特征在于: 还包 括电感和电容;所述集极谐振型 Royer电路中变压器初级绕组的中心抽头依次通 过所述电感和所述集极谐振型 Royer 电路中阻尼电感连接到所述集极谐振型 Royer电路的供电端, 所述电感的电感量为变压器中其中一个初级绕组电感量的 十分之一以下, 所述初级绕组的中心抽头为所述变压器的两个初级绕组的连接 点;所述阻尼电感和电感的连接点通过电容连接到所述集极谐振型 Royer电路的 供电参考端。
5、根据权利要求 4所述自激推挽式变换器, 其特征在于: 所述电感由印刷电 路板的走线形成。
6、根据权利要求 4所述自激推挽式变换器, 其特征在于: 所述电感由所述初 级绕组的中心抽头引线串入磁珠或磁环形成。
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