WO2013019013A2 - 금속 구조체 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
금속 구조체 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013019013A2 WO2013019013A2 PCT/KR2012/005904 KR2012005904W WO2013019013A2 WO 2013019013 A2 WO2013019013 A2 WO 2013019013A2 KR 2012005904 W KR2012005904 W KR 2012005904W WO 2013019013 A2 WO2013019013 A2 WO 2013019013A2
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- metal
- catalyst
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal structure catalyst and a method for producing the same.
- packed tower catalytic reactors are mainly used.
- packed column reactors in which high temperature reaction heat is involved have a problem in that catalyst utilization efficiency is lowered due to low heat and mass transfer rate, which is a fundamental disadvantage of ceramic (alumina, cordierite, etc.) supported catalysts, and thus, the reactor volume becomes large. .
- Non-Patent Document 1 Xu & Froment explained that in the case of steam reforming, the catalyst effective factor is about 0.03 and the material transfer resistance through the catalyst pores is very large [Non-Patent Document 1].
- the catalyst packed tower reactor has problems such as high pressure loss and deterioration of reactor performance due to channeling of the reactants, initial start-up time due to low thermal conductivity of the ceramic catalyst, and slow response characteristics due to load variation.
- a channel structure was used as the catalyst support.
- a metal structure having excellent heat transfer characteristics is applied as a catalyst support rather than a structure made of a ceramic material that is weak to thermal shock [Patent Documents 1 and 2].
- Typical metal structure types have a cell density of about 200 to 400 cpi and a channel length-to-diameter ratio (L / D) of about 70 to 120, resulting in the formation of a boundary layer on the inner surface of the channel to limit heat and mass transfer. And the uniform coating of the catalyst in the channel due to the capillary phenomenon is difficult.
- the form of the metal structure includes a metal monolith, a mat, a foam, and a net comprehensively.
- a metal material as a catalyst support
- the aluminum metal particles are first coated with a metal anti-corrosion protective film on the surface of the metal structure, and then the aluminum metal particles serving as a carrier thereon are secondary in porous form. Coated. After coating each layer, an alloy between the layers is formed through heat treatment to prevent cracking or desorption, and an oxidation treatment is performed at a high temperature to form a metal-metal oxide layer. Finally, a monolithic catalyst module including a metal structure was prepared by attaching a catalyst to the metal oxide layer by a wash coating method.
- Patent Document 4 uses the atomic vapor deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the surface of the substrate to increase the adhesion between the substrate and the catalyst, the same material or the same surface characteristics as the catalyst at the interface between the substrate and the catalyst was coated with an adhesive layer to increase the adhesion between the catalyst and the substrate.
- ALD atomic vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- This technology has the advantage that it can be uniformly coated to the desired thickness without restriction on the type and shape of the substrate.
- this technique forms a metal oxide by reacting a hydroxyl group on a metal surface with a metal precursor to form M-OH (M: metal) bonds repeatedly.
- the reaction is limited to a specific metal precursor capable of forming M-O-M bonds by reacting with hydroxyl groups, and the use of expensive reaction equipment and to be carried out under vacuum, there are limitations to the ease and compatibility of the technology.
- the catalyst was wash coated by mixing with an alumina sol.
- Patent Literature 5 and Patent Literature 6 supported a catalyst on a porous catalyst support (bubble metal, bubble ceramic, metal felt, metal screen).
- An interfacial layer (alumina, alumina + silica, titania) was coated on the oxidized FeCr alloy felt using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to improve adhesion between the metal surface and the catalyst.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the powder coating slurry was prepared and supported by a wash coating, or catalyst coating was performed by directly immersing in a precursor solution of an active metal.
- This intermediate layer is a component similar to the carrier layer, which is actually applied as a carrier of the catalyst and is generally used for dip coating or wash coating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition. (physical vapor deposition) and the like.
- Patent Document 7 is a study on the production of a micro reforming reactor consisting of a micro-channel, the existing coating techniques pointed out difficulty in uniform coating selectively to the desired portion, flow coating method (flow coating) to coat the catalyst only on the inner wall of the micro channel method) was applied.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be adjusted according to the viscosity of the coating liquid and the speed of the injected air by flowing the slurry coating liquid of the powder catalyst into the micro tunnel and injecting air.
- the patent also has a problem that it is difficult to uniformly coat the corners inside the microchannel with a coating method that does not significantly deviate from the conventional wash coating technique.
- the catalyst performance is low, but when the large amount of the catalyst is coated, the thick catalyst layer is released. Catalyst performance may be deactivated.
- the existing techniques are mainly focused on the formation of an intermediate bonding layer for improving the bonding force between the metal surface and the carrier layer to solve the detachment phenomenon caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal surface and the ceramic catalyst. Has come true.
- Non-Patent Document 2 an impregnation method for impregnating a catalyst by impregnating a precursor solution of a catalyst and a slurry solution in which a powder catalyst, in which a catalyst is pre-supported on a carrier, is mixed with an alumina sol and the catalyst on a metal surface Washing coating method [non-patent document 3] for coating a has been applied as a representative catalyst coating method.
- the impregnation method has a problem of increasing the number of loadings and controlling the dispersion degree of the active metal particles in order to support a certain amount of catalyst due to the low catalyst loading amount.
- the wash coating is difficult to control the coating layer thickness and uniform coating has a problem in that the bonding strength between the coating layer and the metal structure is weak and the loss of the coating solution is required a large amount of catalyst.
- Patent Document 1 Domestic Patent Application No. 1993-0701567
- Patent Document 2 Domestic Patent Application No. 2003-0067042
- Patent Document 3 Domestic Patent Application No. 2002-0068210
- Patent Document 4 Domestic Patent Application No. 2005-0075362
- Patent Document 5 Domestic Patent Registration No. 835046
- Patent Document 6 Domestic Patent Registration No. 670954
- Patent Document 7 Domestic Patent Registration No. 696622
- Non-Patent Document 1 AIChE J, Jianguo Xu and Gilbert F. Froment, Methane steam reforming, methanation and water-gas shift: I. Intrinsic kinetics, 35, 1989, 97
- Non-Patent Document 2 L. Villegas, F. Masset, N. Guilhaume, 'Wet impregnation of alumina-washcoated monoliths: Effect of the drying procedure on Ni distribution and on autothermal reforming activity', Applied Catalysis A: General, 320 (2007) 43-55
- Non-Patent Document 3 J.H. Ryu, K.-Y. Lee, H. La, H.-J. Kim, J.-I. Yang, H. Jung, 'Ni catalyst wash-coated on metal monolith with enhanced heat-transfer capability for steam reforming', Journal of Power Sources, 171 (2007) 499-505
- the present inventors have made efforts to solve the problems of the existing supporting method as described above, by contacting the metal support with a mixed solution containing a precursor and a precipitant of the metal catalyst to form a metal precipitate on the metal support, and heat treatment
- the present invention has been completed by developing a method for preparing a metal structure catalyst in which metal nanoparticles are uniformly highly dispersed and have improved bonding strength between the catalyst carrier layer and the surface of the metal support.
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- the present invention has another object to provide a hydrogen production method comprising the step of producing hydrogen using the metal structure catalyst.
- the present invention as a means for solving the above problems
- It provides a method for producing a metal structure catalyst comprising the step of forming a metal particle by heat treatment and reduction of the metal precipitate formed on the metal support.
- this invention is
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- this invention is
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- this invention is another means for solving the said subject
- It provides a hydrogen production method comprising the step of producing hydrogen using the metal catalyst.
- the present invention is a subsequent invention of Korean Patent No. 1019234, and relates to a metal structure catalyst for improving the performance of the metal catalyst and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention is a metal structure catalyst manufacturing technology having a nano-sized three-dimensional structure in order to maximize the specific surface area of the catalyst participating in the reaction, unlike the conventional catalyst coating technology, it is easy to control the loading amount regardless of the shape and size of the metal support It has the advantage that high dispersion uniform loading of is possible.
- 1A is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of samples 1-3 [left: x70; Medium: x20,000; Right: x50,000].
- 1B is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of samples 4-7 (left: x70, middle: x5,000 right: x20,000).
- FIG. 2 is an SEM image of nickel catalyst particles highly dispersed on a metal support having a mesh (sample 8), foil (sample 9), or monolith (sample 10).
- Figure 3a shows a top and side view of the metal monolith catalyst of Sample 11.
- Figure 3b shows a top and side view of the metal monolith catalyst of Sample 12.
- Figure 3c shows a top and side view of the metal monolith catalyst of Sample 14.
- Figure 4 is a SEM photograph of the surface of the nickel-supported mesh by the impregnation method
- 5a is a photograph of Sample 16 prepared by wash coating a Ni / MgAl 2 O 4 catalyst.
- FIG. 5B is a SEM photograph of the surface of the wash coated metal monolith catalyst (Sample 16) [left: x200; Right: x10,000].
- Example 6 is a result of applying the sample 12 of Example 3 and the sample 16 of Comparative Example 2 to the steam reforming reaction in order to evaluate the catalyst performance according to the supporting effect.
- the present invention is a.
- It relates to a method for producing a metal structure catalyst comprising the step of forming a metal particle by heat treatment and reduction of the metal precipitate formed on the metal support.
- the metal catalyst preferably includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, ceria and zirconia, but is not limited thereto.
- the precursor solution of the metal catalyst is metal nitrate, metal halide, metal acetate, metal sulfate, metal acetoacetate, metal fluoroacetoacetate, metal perchlorolate, metal sulfamate, metal stearate, metal phosphate, metal carbonate
- metal oxalate metal halide
- metal acetate metal sulfate
- metal acetoacetate metal fluoroacetoacetate
- metal perchlorolate metal sulfamate
- metal stearate metal phosphate
- metal carbonate At least one selected from the group consisting of a metal oxalate and a metal complex (ex, metal EDTA) is preferred, but is not limited thereto.
- the precursor solution and the precipitant mixture may supply the precipitant to the precursor solution at a constant rate, and may simultaneously mix the precursor solution and the precipitant.
- the precursor solution is a solution obtained by mixing a precursor and water (distilled water).
- precipitant means a reactant used in a precipitation reaction in which soluble ionic materials exchange to form an insoluble solid material (precipitate), and specifically KOH, NaOH, ammonia, urea, Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 and the like.
- the pH at which the precipitate is formed may vary depending on the type of metal, and it is particularly preferable to adjust the pH to 8-14.
- the precipitant is preferably 100 to 500 parts by volume, more preferably 300 to 500 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume of the metal precursor solution.
- the size and shape of the catalyst particles formed by varying the pH of the mixed solution according to the concentration or amount of precipitant can be controlled.
- the metal support preferably has any one metal selected from stainless steel, FeCr alloy, aluminum, titanium, or two or more metal alloy materials, but is not limited thereto.
- the metal support may include shapes such as felt, mat, mesh, foam, foil, or monolith.
- the metal support is an electrochemical surface treatment step of forming a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal support by adjusting the applied voltage and the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte: and crystallizing the amorphous metal oxide layer formed on the metal support or a specific metal component of the alloy It may be prepared including a heat treatment under an oxidizing atmosphere to form only the metal oxide layer. In addition, the step of washing the surface of the metal support may be carried out before the surface treatment.
- the electrochemical surface treatment step is the cathode is one of copper, iron or platinum coils, the anode is a metal support, the electrolyte is 0.5 to 3% by weight selected from hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium fluoride, sodium nitrate or a combination thereof , Means a step of applying a voltage of 2 to 30 V for 5 to 60 minutes between the two electrodes at room temperature.
- the heat treatment step is preferably carried out under an oxidation atmosphere of 700 to 1100 °C.
- the metal support may be prepared by an additional step of coating an additional carrier on the metal oxide layer after the heat treatment step.
- the carrier may be, but is not limited to, alumina, boehmite, titania, silica or ceria-zirconia mixture.
- the precipitate may be a metal hydroxide or a metal carbonate.
- the step of forming the metal precipitate is different depending on the type of precipitant, the concentration and the amount of the precursor solution in the aging process, in the present invention, it is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 90 hours at 25 to 100 °C Do. More preferably 60 to 90 At 10 ° C. to 72 hours.
- the aging temperature is too low, the chemical reaction rate of the precipitant and the metal precursor solution is slowed down, so that primary nanoparticles are not easily formed. There is a problem that control of the particle size is difficult.
- the primary particle size is small and the crystal growth is not good, and when aging too long, the size of the particle is large, which is not preferable.
- the metal particles may be metal oxide nanoparticles.
- the firing step of forming the metal particles is subjected to a firing step and a reduction process of the heat treatment
- the firing step of the heat treatment is preferably carried out in a temperature range of 300 to 900 °C and an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, more preferably 550 To 800 ° C.
- the calcination is less than 300 ° C, the crystal growth of the nanoparticles does not occur, and when it exceeds 900 ° C, there is a problem that the particle size increases due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles.
- the reduction process is carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere, and any reduction can be used if the metal structure catalyst is commonly used in the production of a metal structure catalyst.
- the method for preparing a metal catalyst according to the present invention it is easy to prepare a metal catalyst having various sizes and shapes according to the type and concentration of the precipitant, the aging time and temperature, and the heat treatment temperature after supporting.
- the present invention also relates to the present invention.
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- X represents the amount of metal supported per unit area (g / cm 2 ) in 150 mM of the metal precursor solution.
- the metal structure catalyst preferably satisfies the following general formula 2:
- the Y represents a methane conversion rate (%) at a steam supply time of 70 hours in a natural gas steam reforming reaction in which the reactant water vapor and carbon are 3: 1 at a space velocity of 15,000 h ⁇ 1 .
- the metal support preferably has any one metal selected from stainless steel, FeCr alloy, aluminum, titanium, or two or more metal alloy materials, but is not limited thereto.
- the metal support may include shapes such as felt, mat, mesh, foam, foil, or monolith.
- the metal support is prepared through an electrochemical surface treatment step and a heat treatment step, and may also be prepared by applying an additional carrier to the metal oxide layer formed by electrochemical surface treatment and heat treatment.
- the carrier may be, but is not limited to, alumina, boehmite, titania, silica or ceria-zirconia mixture.
- the metal nanoparticles are highly dispersed on a metal support (through surface treatment and heat treatment) after firing and reduction, which is formed by mixing a precipitant and a metal precursor.
- Conventional metal structure catalyst manufacturing method is an impregnation method, which impregnates a metal structure coated with a metal oxide (ex, Al 2 O 3 ) carrier layer on the surface in a metal precursor (ex, nickel nitrate) solution
- a metal oxide ex, Al 2 O 3
- a metal precursor ex, nickel nitrate
- the metal content coated on the surface of the carrier is influenced by the specific surface area of the carrier layer, the concentration of the metal precursor solution, and the number of loadings.
- there is a problem that it takes a lot of repetitive coating process and time to obtain the desired coating amount because the amount of metal supported on a single coating is small.
- another conventional metal structure catalyst manufacturing method is a wash coating method, which is a metal support in a coating solution slurrying a metal / metal oxide carrier (ex, Ni / Al 2 O 3 ) powder catalyst on which a metal is already supported.
- a metal / metal oxide carrier ex, Ni / Al 2 O 3
- the metal precursor solution is supported on the carrier powder before coating, and then the metal / metal oxide carrier powder catalyst is made through a calcination process.
- the viscosity of the slurry coating solution has a large effect on the thickness of the catalyst coating layer and there is a problem in that the coating is thick because the thickness control is not easy.
- the coating layer is thick and physical There is a problem that the coating layer is easily dropped due to heat or mechanical impact due to bonding.
- the method for preparing a metal structure catalyst according to the present invention compensates for the problems of the conventional methods described above, and has a small coating amount, and the amount or dispersion of the metal to be coated is influenced by the specific surface area of the carrier, which is difficult to control.
- the addition of a precipitant to the metal precursor solution facilitates control of the particle size and spraying of the precipitate.
- the metal / metal oxide (Ni / Al 2 O 3 ) coating layer is coated on the metal / metal oxide (Ni / Al 2 O 3 ) coating layer, and thus the thickness or surface of the coating layer.
- the metal oxide (ex, Al 2 O 3 ) carrier layer is added to the metal precursor (ex, Nickel nitrate) solution to which the precipitant is added.
- a precipitate (ex, Ni (OH) 2 ) is formed on the surface of the metal oxide (ex, Al 2 O 3 ) carrier layer.
- the amount of precipitates (ex, Ni (OH) 2 ) supported on the metal surface may be adjusted according to the concentration of the metal precursor (ex, nickel nitrate) solution.
- the precipitate is calcined (through Ni (OH) 2- > NiO + H 2 O ( ⁇ ) reaction), moisture is blown away, leaving only metal oxides (ex, NiO).
- a coating layer composed of only metal oxides (ex, NiO) is formed on the surface of the metal structure. It is converted into metals (ex, Ni) only by reducing in H 2 atmosphere to act as active metals.
- the metal structure catalyst prepared by the method for preparing the metal structure catalyst of the present invention is more uniformly supported on the metal support on which the metal oxide carrier layer is formed, as compared with the catalyst prepared by the conventional impregnation and wash coating methods.
- the bonding strength between the catalyst carrier layer and the surface of the metal support can be confirmed by the amount of metal supported per unit area and the methane conversion rate in the natural steam reforming reaction.
- the surface of the metal support and the deposition of the carrier are invented by the present inventors in the order of (1) metal support cleaning, (2) electrochemical surface treatment, (3) heat treatment, and (4) carrier coating. It follows the manufacturing method of the domestic registered patent No. 1019234.
- the present invention is also applicable to hydrogen production of the metal structure catalyst.
- the hydrogen production includes steam reforming, water-gas shift (WGS) or selective oxidation (PROX) reactions.
- Samples 1 to 7 of Table 1 used a metal oxide layer uniformly formed on the surface of the metal support through the electrochemical surface treatment in the same manner as the registered domestic patent No. 1019234 as a carrier.
- An active metal nickel catalyst was directly supported on the surface of the metal support without separate carrier deposition.
- Table 1 shows the composition analysis of the sample after nickel loading, and the composition analysis of the sample was performed through an energy dispersive spectrometery (EDS). As the nickel nitrate concentration increased, it was confirmed that the nickel concentration on the surface also increased.
- EDS energy dispersive spectrometery
- Table 1 sample Ni precursor solution concentration (mM) Atomic (%) Al Cr Fe Ni O Si One 10 16.6 5.1 13.6 8.7 56.0 - 2 20 14.3 3.4 8.4 12.7 57.6 3.6 3 50 4.3 1.2 3.3 33.1 58.1 - 4 100 1.8 1.5 3.3 39.4 54.0 - 5 150 0 0 2.3 40.9 53.3 3.5 6 300 0.2 0.7 2.5 46.6 50.0 - 7 1000 0 0 1.6 56.3 42.1 -
- Samples 8 to 10 were subjected to high dispersion of nickel catalyst on metal supports of various shapes.
- a metal support As a metal support, a mesh, a foil, and a monolith made of FeCr alloy were selected, and an alumina carrier was deposited on a uniformly formed alumina layer after electrochemical surface treatment and heat treatment as in Korean Patent No. 1019234.
- Figure 2 looks at the shape of the nickel catalyst particles highly dispersed on the mesh (sample 8), foil (sample 9), monolith (sample 10) metal support on which an alumina carrier is deposited on a uniformly formed alumina layer after surface treatment and heat treatment. SEM picture for viewing. On the surface of the monolith (sample 10), petal-shaped thin plate-shaped particles having a thickness of 50 nm or less were formed. In the case of the mesh (sample 8) and the foil (sample 9), the primary plate particles filled the metal support surface. Later it was confirmed that the thin plate particles grew in the form of tangled thread. Nickel catalyst particles formed on the surface of the mesh and the foil grow in a three-dimensional form and are formed in a large amount because the coating area of the mesh and the foil is narrower than that of the monolith having a large surface area.
- Table 2 below shows the amount of the coated catalyst per unit area by shape of the metal support, which was measured by the following equation (1).
- W represents the metal support weight
- w 1 represents the coated metal support weight
- A represents the coated metal support area.
- Samples 11 to 14 supported nickel catalysts by concentration in a monolith (metallic support) made of FeCr alloy material.
- a monolith metallic support
- an alumina carrier was deposited on a uniformly formed alumina layer after electrochemical surface treatment and heat treatment.
- the nickel nitrate solution concentration was 100 to 1000 mM and 80 parts by weight of the ammonia solution was added to 20 parts by weight of the nickel catalyst precursor solution [adjusted to pH 12-13], 90 Aging was carried out at 40 ° C. for 40 hours (precipitated Ni (OH)). 2 formation). After aging, the sample is washed It baked at 0 degreeC and oxidation atmosphere. After firing, H 2 A nickel-supported structure catalyst was prepared through a reduction process under an atmosphere.
- Table 3 below shows the nickel loading per unit area in the metal monolith catalyst supporting nickel at various concentrations.
- Figure 3 is a photograph of the top and side of the metal monolith catalyst by the concentration of nickel precursor solution, it was confirmed that both the monolith inlet and side of the nickel catalyst is uniformly coated without clogging or agglomeration.
- Sample 15 was prepared by impregnating a nickel catalyst on a metal support (mesh of FeCr alloy material) in order to examine the effect of the nickel catalyst supporting method.
- the electrochemical surface treatment of the metal support and the deposition of the alumina carrier were carried out in the same manner, and the metal support coated with the alumina carrier was impregnated with the nickel nitrate solution (150, 300 mM), which is a nickel catalyst precursor (amount to be supported once). After repeated several times to carry this small amount of desired nickel), it baked at 700 degreeC.
- nickel-supported structure catalyst was prepared by reducing under H 2 atmosphere [nickel loading in nickel precursor solution at 300 mM: 0.00054 g / cm 2 ] (nickel loading was less than 200 mM in nickel precursor solution). Measurement was impossible).
- the nickel loading in the nickel precursor solution 300 mM was 0.00021 g / cm 2 (the nickel loading in the nickel precursor solution 200 mM or less was too small to measure).
- Nickel was unevenly supported on the mesh surface, mainly nickel particles agglomerated at the intersections, and thick nickel catalyst layers were observed to desorb.
- Sample 6 carrying the same nickel precursor solution concentration of 300 mM in the metal catalyst preparation method according to the present invention was confirmed that the nickel catalyst was highly uniformly supported throughout.
- Sample 16 was coated with a nickel catalyst Ni / MgAl 2 O 4 in a monolith made of FeCr alloy by wash coating method.
- Electrochemical surface treatment and alumina carrier deposition were carried out in the same manner, and after wash coating a slurry solution containing a powder catalyst and alumina in a 1: 1 ratio, 700 was washed. It was baked at ⁇ . After firing, H 2 A nickel-supported structure catalyst was prepared through a reduction process under an atmosphere. [Amount of nickel supported at 1.795 g of nickel precursor: 0.0007 g / cm 2 ].
- reaction conditions were carried out at a reaction temperature of 700 ° C. by supplying a reactant water vapor and carbon ratio of 3: 1 at a space velocity of 15,000 h ⁇ 1 .
- 5a is a photograph of Sample 16 prepared by wash coating a Ni / MgAl 2 O 4 catalyst.
- FIG. 5B is an SEM image of the surface of the wash coated metal monolith catalyst (Sample 16).
- Sample 12 of Example 3 exhibited high catalyst activity and stable durability for a long time in spite of less nickel loading than Comparative Example 2 (Sample 16) of the conventional wash coating method.
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Abstract
Description
시료 | Ni 전구체 용액농도 (mM) | Atomic (%) | |||||
Al | Cr | Fe | Ni | O | Si | ||
1 | 10 | 16.6 | 5.1 | 13.6 | 8.7 | 56.0 | - |
2 | 20 | 14.3 | 3.4 | 8.4 | 12.7 | 57.6 | 3.6 |
3 | 50 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 33.1 | 58.1 | - |
4 | 100 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 39.4 | 54.0 | - |
5 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 40.9 | 53.3 | 3.5 |
6 | 300 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 46.6 | 50.0 | - |
7 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 56.3 | 42.1 | - |
구분 | 시료 8 (g/cm2) | 시료 9 (g/cm2) | 시료 10 (g/cm2) |
단위면적당 니켈 담지량 (g/cm2) | 0.0007 | 0.0009 | 0.0010 |
구분 | 시료 11 | 시료 12 | 시료 13 | 시료 14 |
니켈 전구체용액 농도 (mM) | 100 | 150 | 300 | 1000 |
니켈 전구체사용량(g) | 0.0291 | 0.0436 | 0.0872 | 0.2908 |
단위면적당 니켈 담지량 (g/cm2) | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0010 | 0.0030 |
Claims (21)
- 금속 촉매의 전구체 및 침전제를 포함하는 혼합 용액과 금속 지지체를 접촉시켜 금속 지지체 상에 금속 침전물을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 금속 지지체 상에 형성된 금속 침전물을 열처리 및 환원처리하여 금속 입자를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 촉매는 니켈, 루테늄, 백금, 로듐, 세리아 및 지르코니아로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 원소를 포함하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 촉매의 전구체 용액은 금속 나이트레이트, 금속 할라이드, 금속 아세테이트, 금속 설페이트, 금속 아세토아세테이트, 금속 플루오르아세토아세테이트, 금속 퍼클로로레이트, 금속 설파메이트, 금속 스티어레이트, 금속 포스페이트, 금속 카보네이트, 금속 옥살레이트 및 금속 착화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 침전제는 KOH, NaOH, 암모니아, 우레아, Na2CO3 및 K2CO3로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 침전제는 혼합 용액의 pH를 8 내지 14로 제어하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 침전제는 금속 전구체 용액 100 부피부에 대하여 100 내지 500 부피부인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 지지체는 스테인레스 스틸, FeCr 합금, 알루미늄, 티타늄 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 금속 또는 둘 이상의 금속합금인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 지지체는 펠트, 매트, 메쉬, 폼, 포일 또는 모노리스 형상인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 지지체는 전기화학적 표면처리 단계: 및산화분위기 하에서 열처리하는 단계를 포함하여 제조된 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 금속 지지체는 상기 열처리 단계 후, 담체를 코팅하는 도포 단계를 추가로 포함하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 담체는 알루미나, 보헤마이트, 티타니아, 실리카 또는 세리아-지르코니아 혼합물인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 침천물은 금속 수산화물 또는 금속 카보네이트인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 침전물을 형성하는 단계는 25 내지 100 ℃에서 0.5 내지 90시간 동안 실시하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 입자는 금속 산화물 나노 입자인 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 열처리는 300 내지 900 ℃의 온도 범위 및 산화 또는 환원 분위기에서 실시하는 금속 구조체 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항의 방법으로 제조되며, 하기 일반식 1을 만족하는 금속 구조체 촉매:[일반식 1]X ≥ 0.0004상기 X는 금속 전구체 용액 150 mM에서 단위면적당 금속 담지량(g/cm2)을 나타낸다.
- 금속 지지체;상기 금속 지지체 상에 형성된 금속 산화물 층; 및상기 금속 산화물 층에 형성된 금속 나노 입자를 포함하되,하기 일반식 1을 만족하는 금속 구조체 촉매:[일반식 1]X ≥ 0.0004상기 X는 금속 전구체 용액 150 mM에서 단위면적당 금속 담지량(g/cm2)을 나타낸다.
- 제 16 항 또는 제 17 항에 있어서,하기 일반식 2를 만족하는 금속 구조체 촉매;[일반식 2]Y ≥ 93상기 Y는 700 ℃에서 반응물인 수증기와 탄소를 3 : 1로 하여 공간속도 15,000 h-1로 공급한 천연가스 수증기 개질반응에서, 수증기 공급 시간 70시간에서의 메탄 전환율(%)을 나타낸다.
- 제 16 항에 따른 금속 구조체 촉매를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 단계를 포함하는 수소 생산방법.
- 제 17 항에 따른 금속 구조체 촉매를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 단계를 포함하는 수소 생산방법.
- 제 19 항 또는 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 수소 생산은 수증기 개질반응, 수성가스 전환 반응(Water-gas Shift, WGS) 또는 선택 산화(preferential oxidation, PROX) 반응인 수소 생산방법.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2014510620A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
KR101403698B1 (ko) | 2014-06-27 |
WO2013019013A3 (ko) | 2013-04-04 |
EP2664378A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2664378A2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
JP6006237B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
US9409155B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
KR20130014364A (ko) | 2013-02-07 |
US20130309165A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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