WO2013011954A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびそれに用いる化合物 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびそれに用いる化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013011954A1 WO2013011954A1 PCT/JP2012/067969 JP2012067969W WO2013011954A1 WO 2013011954 A1 WO2013011954 A1 WO 2013011954A1 JP 2012067969 W JP2012067969 W JP 2012067969W WO 2013011954 A1 WO2013011954 A1 WO 2013011954A1
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- 0 CC1NC(*)=**1C Chemical compound CC1NC(*)=**1C 0.000 description 2
- BRNMIIDEQOJZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=Cc(cccc2)c2S1(=O)=O Chemical compound CC1=Cc(cccc2)c2S1(=O)=O BRNMIIDEQOJZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1nc(cccc2)c2[s]1 Chemical compound Cc1nc(cccc2)c2[s]1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element) having high luminous efficiency and a luminescent material used therefor.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe organic electroluminescence devices using a compound in which an acridine skeleton and a fluorene skeleton are spiro-bonded as a host material for a hole transport layer.
- Patent Document 1 also describes an organic electroluminescence device using a compound in which an acridine skeleton and an anthrone skeleton are spiro-bonded as a host material for a hole transport layer.
- Patent Documents 5 to 14 describe organic electroluminescent devices using a compound in which an acridine skeleton and a fluorene skeleton are spiro-bonded in a light emitting layer.
- the present inventors have clarified that a specific spiro compound having an acridine skeleton is useful as a light emitting material of an organic electroluminescence device.
- a spiro compound having an acridine skeleton is useful as a delayed fluorescent material, and it has been clarified that an organic electroluminescence device having high emission efficiency can be provided at low cost.
- the present inventors have provided the following present invention as means for solving the above-mentioned problems.
- An organic electroluminescence device having an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, and represented by the following general formula (1) in the light emitting layer
- An organic electroluminescence device comprising a compound.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron donating group, One represents an electron donating group.
- R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron withdrawing group having no unshared electron pair at the ⁇ -position.
- Z is a single bond, at least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 does not have an unshared electron pair at the ⁇ -position. It is a group.
- [2] The organic electroluminescence device according to [1], which emits delayed fluorescence.
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group, and at least one represents an electron-donating group.
- At least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 in the general formula (1) is any one of the following general formulas (3) to (5)
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 41 and R 42 together form a ring structure.
- R 42 and R 43 may together form a ring structure.
- R 51 , R 52 and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 51 and R 52 together form a ring structure.
- R 52 and R 53 may be combined to form a ring structure.
- At least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 in the general formula (1) has one of the following structures: [1] The organic electroluminescence device according to any one of [6]. [11] At least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group or the following general formulas (6) to (9 The organic electroluminescent device according to any one of [1] to [10], which has a structure represented by any of the following: [In the above formula, R 61 and R 62 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 71 and R 72 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 71 and R 72 may form a ring structure together.
- R 81 , R 82 and R 83 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 81 and R 82 together form a ring structure.
- R 82 and R 83 may be combined to form a ring structure.
- R 91 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Z represents a linking group necessary for forming a heteroaromatic ring.
- Z represents a linking group necessary for forming a heteroaromatic ring.
- At least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 in the general formula (1) has any one of the following structures: [1] The organic electroluminescence device according to any one of [10] to [10].
- R 9 ′ , R 10 ′ , R 11 ′ , R 12 ′ , R 13 ′ , R 14 ′ , R 15 ′ and R 16 ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group.
- Z ′ represents a single bond or> C ⁇ Y, and Y represents O, S, C (CN) 2 or C (COOH) 2 .
- Z ′ is a single bond,> C ⁇ O or> C ⁇ S
- R 9 ′ , R 10 ′ , R 11 ′ , R 12 ′ , R 13 ′ , R 14 ′ , R 15 ′ and R 16 ′ At least one of is a cyano group.
- At least one of R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ and R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is an electron donating group.
- At least one of R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ and R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is represented by the following general formula ( [14]
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group, and at least one represents an electron-donating group.
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 are each independently a hydrogen
- At least one of R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ and R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is represented by the following general formula ( The compound according to any one of [14] to [17], which has a structure represented by any one of 3) to (5).
- R 31 and R 32 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and the aryl group represented by R 31 and the aryl group represented by R 32 may be linked.
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 41 and R 42 together form a ring structure.
- R 42 and R 43 may together form a ring structure.
- R 51 , R 52 and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 51 and R 52 together form a ring structure.
- R 52 and R 53 may be combined to form a ring structure.
- At least one of R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ and R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is any of the following: [14]
- a delayed fluorescent material comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1). [In General Formula (1), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron donating group, One represents an electron donating group.
- a delayed fluorescent material comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1 ′).
- R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ , R 8 ′ and R 17 ′ are each independently hydrogen.
- R 9 ′ , R 10 ′ , R 11 ′ , R 12 ′ , R 13 ′ , R 14 ′ , R 15 ′ and R 16 ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group.
- Z ′ represents a single bond or> C ⁇ Y, and Y represents O, S, C (CN) 2 or C (COOH) 2 .
- Z ′ is a single bond,> C ⁇ O or> C ⁇ S
- R 9 ′ , R 10 ′ , R 11 ′ , R 12 ′ , R 13 ′ , R 14 ′ , R 15 ′ and R 16 ′ At least one of is a cyano group.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention has high luminous efficiency and can be provided at low cost. Moreover, the compound of this invention is very useful as a luminescent material of such an organic electroluminescent element.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a layer configuration of an organic electroluminescence element of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a PL emission spectrum in Example 1.
- 3 is a graph showing PL transient attenuation in Example 1.
- 2 is an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the organic electroluminescence element of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics-luminance characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of the organic electroluminescence device of Example 1. It is PL emission spectrum in Example 141. It is a graph which shows PL transient attenuation
- 14 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics-luminance characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element of Example 141.
- 14 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of the organic electroluminescence device of Example 141.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is characterized in that the light emitting layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1). Therefore, first, the compound represented by the general formula (1) will be described.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 17 in the general formula (1) are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron donating group, and at least one Represents an electron donating group. When two or more of these represent an electron donating group, the two or more electron donating groups may be the same or different. Preferred is the case where they are identical.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 those representing an electron donating group are R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7.
- R 17 and more preferably any of R 2 , R 3 , R 6 , R 7 and R 17 . More preferably, it is R 17 or any one or two of R 2 , R 3 , R 6 and R 7 , and in the case of two , with any one of R 2 and R 3 , R 6 and R 7 are preferred.
- the electron donating groups represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 17 donate electrons to these rings when attached to the spiro ring. It is a group having properties.
- the electron donating group may be an aromatic group, a heteroaromatic group, or an aliphatic group, or may be a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- Examples of the electron donor group may be an alkyl group (which may be linear, branched or cyclic, preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, As a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and an isopropyl group) or an alkoxy group (straight, branched, or cyclic), preferably 1 carbon atom 6 or more, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a methoxy group), an amino group or a substituted amino group (preferably an amino group substituted with an aromatic group, Examples include diphenylamino group, anilyl group, and tolylamino group), aryl group (which may be monocyclic or fused ring, and may be further substituted with aryl group.
- alkyl group which may be linear, branched or cyclic, preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more
- An electron-donating group containing a heterocyclic structure preferably an electron-withdrawing group containing a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, and specific examples include thiophenyl
- a benzothiophenyl group, a julolidyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, and a carbazolyl group preferably has a ⁇ p value of ⁇ 0.06 or less, more preferably ⁇ 0.14 or less, and even more preferably ⁇ 0.28 or less.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are preferably a hydrogen atom or an aryl group substituted with an electron donating group.
- the aryl group here may be composed of one aromatic ring, or may have a structure in which two or more aromatic rings are fused.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms (ie, a phenyl group, 1-naphthyl). Group, 2-naphthyl group) is more preferred, and phenyl group is most preferred.
- the electron donating group substituted for the aryl group preferably has the above-mentioned ⁇ p value.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group represented by the following general formula (2).
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an electron donating group. However, at least one of these represents an electron donating group.
- the electron donating group here preferably has the above-mentioned ⁇ p value.
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 it is preferable that R 22 and R 24 are electron donating groups, or R 23 is an electron donating group, and R 23 is an electron donating group. More preferably.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 have a structure represented by a hydrogen atom or any one of the following general formulas (3) to (5) More preferably it is.
- R 31 and R 32 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and the aryl group represented by R 31 and the aryl group represented by R 32 may be linked.
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 41 and R 42 together form a ring structure.
- R 42 and R 43 may together form a ring structure.
- R 51 , R 52 and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 51 and R 52 together form a ring structure.
- R 52 and R 53 may be combined to form a ring structure.
- the ring structure formed by R 41 and R 42 , R 42 and R 43 , R 51 and R 52 , and R 52 and R 53 together may be an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, or an aliphatic ring. It is preferably an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring, more preferably an aromatic ring.
- Specific examples of the ring structure include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and the like.
- the aryl group as used herein may be composed of one aromatic ring or may have a structure in which two or more aromatic rings are fused.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms (ie, a phenyl group, 1-naphthyl). Group, 2-naphthyl group) is even more preferred.
- the alkyl group as used herein may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Preference is given to a linear or branched alkyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms (ie, a methyl group, an ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group) is even more preferable.
- Examples of the cyclic alkyl group include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.
- substituent for the aryl group and the alkyl group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, and an aryloxy group.
- alkoxy group that can be employed as the substituent may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Preferred is a linear or branched alkoxy group.
- the alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms (ie, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group) is even more preferable.
- Examples of the cyclic alkoxy group include a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and a cycloheptyloxy group.
- the aryloxy group that can be employed as a substituent may be composed of one aromatic ring or may have a structure in which two or more aromatic rings are fused.
- the aryloxy group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms (ie, phenyloxy group, 1 -Naphtyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group) is even more preferable.
- Examples of the substituent for the alkyl group and aryl group in the general formulas (3) to (5) include groups exhibiting electron donating properties.
- R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 in the general formula (1) are each independently a hydrogen atom or an electron withdrawing group having no unshared electron pair at the ⁇ -position. Represents. However, when Z is a single bond, at least one of these represents an electron-withdrawing group having no unshared electron pair at the ⁇ -position. When two or more of these represent an electron withdrawing group, the two or more electron withdrawing groups may be the same or different. Preferred is the case where they are identical.
- R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 those representing an electron withdrawing group are R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15.
- R 10 , R 11 , R 14, and R 15 is more preferable. More preferably, any one or two of R 10 , R 11 , R 14 and R 15 , and in the case of two, any one of R 10 and R 11 , and any of R 14 and R 15 It is preferable that it is one.
- the electron withdrawing group represented by R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 in the general formula (1) draws electrons from the spiro ring when bonded to the spiro ring. It is a group having properties. However, an electron withdrawing group having an unshared electron pair at the ⁇ -position (for example, a halogen atom) is excluded.
- the electron withdrawing group may be an aromatic group, a heteroaromatic group, or an aliphatic group, or may be a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- Examples of the electron withdrawing group include a nitro group and a perfluoroalkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a trifluoromethyl group).
- Sulfonyl group, electron-withdrawing group containing a heterocyclic structure preferably an electron-withdrawing group containing a heterocyclic structure containing a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, and specific examples include oxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, thiazolyl group , An imidazolyl group), a group containing a phosphine oxide structure, a cyano group, and the like.
- the group of electron withdrawing groups include a group in which a cyano group is removed from the specific examples of the electron withdrawing groups.
- the electron withdrawing group preferably has a ⁇ p value of 0.02 or more, more preferably 0.34 or more, and even more preferably 0.62 or more.
- At least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 is represented by a cyano group or any one of the following general formulas (6) to (9). It is preferable to have a structure.
- R 61 and R 62 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 71 and R 72 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 71 and R 72 may form a ring structure together.
- R 81 , R 82 and R 83 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 81 and R 82 together form a ring structure.
- R 82 and R 83 may be combined to form a ring structure.
- R 91 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- Z represents a linking group necessary for forming a heteroaromatic ring.
- the connecting chain of Z may be composed only of carbon atoms, may be composed only of heteroatoms, or may be a mixture of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. As a hetero atom, a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- the connecting chain is preferably 2 to 4 atoms long, and more preferably 2 or 3 atoms long.
- aryl group and alkyl group refer to the explanation and preferred range of the aryl group and alkyl group that can be taken by R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 51 , R 52 and R 53. Can do.
- substituent for the aryl group or alkyl group in the general formulas (6) to (9) include an electron-withdrawing group in addition to the alkyl group, aryl group, alkyloxy group, and aryloxy group. it can.
- R 17 in the general formula (1) represents a hydrogen atom or an electron donating group
- the electron donating group of R 17 is the above R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7.
- the electron donating group for R 17 is also preferably an unsubstituted aryl group, and more preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group.
- the electron donating group for R 17 may be the same as or different from the electron donating group for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 .
- Y represents O, S, C (CN) 2 or C (COOH) 2 .
- Z in the general formula (1) is a carbonyl group.
- a compound group in which R 17 is an aryl group and Z is a carbonyl group or> C ⁇ C (CN) 2 is more preferable.
- R 1 ′ , R 2 ′ , R 3 ′ , R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , R 6 ′ , R 7 ′ , R 8 ′ and R 17 ′ are each independently a hydrogen atom Or it is an electron-donating group, Comprising: At least 1 represents an electron-donating group.
- R 9 ′ , R 10 ′ , R 11 ′ , R 12 ′ , R 13 ′ , R 14 ′ , R 15 ′ and R 16 ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group.
- Z ′ represents a single bond or> C ⁇ Y, and Y represents O, S, C (CN) 2 or C (COOH) 2 .
- the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 1500 or less, and preferably 1200 or less when it is intended to use an organic layer containing the compound by forming a film by a vapor deposition method, for example. More preferably, it is more preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 800 or less. About the lower limit of molecular weight, it can be set as 350 or more, for example.
- D1 to D3 represent an aryl group substituted with the above electron donating group
- A1 to A5 represent the above electron withdrawing group
- H represents a hydrogen atom
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the method for synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited.
- the synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be performed by appropriately combining known synthesis methods and conditions.
- a preferred synthesis method includes a synthesis method represented by the following scheme.
- a method of synthesizing a compound of the general formula (15) in which one electron donating group D is substituted on the acridine skeleton, R 17 is substituted on the nitrogen atom of the acridine skeleton, and one electron withdrawing group A is substituted on the fluorene skeleton. is given as a typical example.
- n-butyllithium is reacted with the halogen-substituted diphenylamine represented by the general formula (11), and further the fluorene represented by the general formula (12) is reacted.
- a cyclene reaction is carried out by adding acetic acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid to the fluorene derivative represented by the general formula (13) thus obtained and heating to obtain the target product represented by the general formula (14).
- X in the general formula (11) represents a halogen atom. Specific examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom are preferable, and a bromine atom is more preferable.
- D in the general formulas (11), (13) and (14) represents an electron donating group, and A in the general formulas (12), (13) and (14) represents an electron withdrawing group.
- the method of synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (1) other than the general formula (14) can be synthesized according to the method of the above scheme.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (1) those having an anthrone skeleton, anthraquinone substituted with an electron withdrawing group A (instead of the compound represented by the general formula (12) of the above scheme)
- anthracene-9,10-quinone By using anthracene-9,10-quinone), it can be synthesized in the same manner.
- a spiro compound in which a halogen atom is substituted at the position where the cyano group is to be introduced is synthesized, and then the halogen is reacted by reacting CuCN with the halogen atom. Atoms can be converted to cyano groups. The details of these reactions can be referred to the synthesis examples described below.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can also be synthesized by combining other known synthesis reactions.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a structure having an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode.
- the organic layer includes at least a light emitting layer, and may consist of only the light emitting layer, or may have one or more organic layers in addition to the light emitting layer.
- the organic electroluminescent element of this invention contains the compound represented by General formula (1) in a light emitting layer. If the compound represented by the general formula (1) is used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in a light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence device, high luminous efficiency can be achieved at a lower cost than before.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention has a structure in which at least an anode, an organic layer, and a cathode are laminated.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention preferably comprises a plurality of organic layers.
- the organic layers other than the light-emitting layer are called a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole block layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or the like depending on their functions. They can be used in combination.
- anode and cathode include: anode / light emitting layer / cathode, anode / hole injection layer / light emitting layer / cathode, anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / cathode, anode / hole injection.
- anode / organic layer / cathode structures can be formed on a substrate.
- adopted by this invention is not limited to these.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is particularly preferably used in the light emitting layer, but the use of the compound represented by the general formula (1) as a charge transport material or the like in an organic layer other than the light emitting layer is excluded. Not what you want.
- each organic layer or electrode constituting the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention When manufacturing each organic layer or electrode constituting the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention, a known manufacturing method can be appropriately selected and employed. For each organic layer or electrode, various materials employed in known organic electroluminescence elements can be selected and used. Furthermore, the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention can be modified as necessary with various modifications that can be easily conceived from known techniques and known techniques. Hereinafter, typical materials constituting the organic electroluminescence element will be described. However, materials that can be used for the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention are not limitedly interpreted by the following description.
- the substrate functions as a support for supporting the structure of the anode / organic layer / cathode and also functions as a substrate in manufacturing the structure of the anode / organic layer / cathode.
- the substrate may be made of a transparent material, or may be made of a translucent or opaque material. In the case where light emission is extracted from the anode side, it is preferable to use a transparent substrate. Examples of the material constituting the substrate include glass, quartz, metal, polycarbonate, polyester, polymethacrylate, and polysulfone. If a flexible substrate is used, a flexible organic electroluminescence element can be obtained.
- the anode has a function of injecting holes toward the organic layer.
- a material having a high work function is preferably used.
- a material having 4 eV or more is preferably used.
- metal for example, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, platinum
- metal oxide for example, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide [ITO], zinc oxide
- ITO indium oxide
- IZO metal halide
- carbon black carbon black.
- conductive polymers such as polyaniline, poly (3-methylthiophene), polypyrrole and the like.
- the transmittance is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and further preferably 80% or more.
- the thickness of the anode is usually 3 nm or more and preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit can be set to, for example, 1 ⁇ m or less, but may be thicker when transparency is not required for the anode.
- the anode may have the above function as a substrate.
- the anode can be formed, for example, by vapor deposition, sputtering, or coating.
- a conductive polymer When a conductive polymer is used for the anode, it is also possible to form the anode on the substrate using an electrolytic polymerization method.
- surface treatment can be performed for the purpose of improving the hole injection function. Specific examples of the surface treatment include plasma treatment (for example, argon plasma treatment, oxygen plasma treatment), UV treatment, ozone treatment, and the like.
- the hole injection layer has a function of transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer side. Since the hole injection layer is generally formed on the anode, the hole injection layer is preferably a layer having excellent adhesion to the anode surface. For this reason, it is preferable to comprise with a material with high thin film formation ability.
- the hole transport layer has a function of transporting holes to the light emitting layer side.
- the hole transport layer is made of a material excellent in hole transportability.
- a hole transport material having high hole mobility and low ionization energy is used. An ionization energy of, for example, 4.5 to 6.0 eV can be preferably selected.
- As the hole transport material various materials that can be used for the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer of the organic electroluminescence element can be appropriately selected and used.
- the hole transport material may be a polymer material having a repeating unit or a low molecular compound.
- hole transport materials include aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazoles
- Examples thereof include derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, silane polymers, aniline copolymers, thiophene polymers, and porphyrin compounds.
- Preferred examples of the hole transporting material include aromatic tertiary amine compounds. Specifically, triphenylamine, tolylamine, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -1 , 1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, N, N, N ′, N ′-(4-methylphenyl) -1,1′-phenyl-4,4′-diamine, N, N, N ′ , N ′-(4-Methylphenyl) -1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-dinaphthyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4 ′ -Diamine, N, N '-(methylphenyl) -N, N'-(4-n-butylphenyl) -phenanthrene-9,10-diamine, N, N-bis (4
- phthalocyanine-based compounds may also be mentioned as preferred hole transport materials.
- metal oxides such as poly (ethylenedioxy) thiophene (PEDOT) and molybdenum oxide, and known aniline derivatives can also be preferably used.
- the hole transport material used in the present invention may be used by selecting only one kind per layer, or may be used by combining two or more kinds per layer.
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer can be formed by, for example, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a coating method.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer is usually 3 nm or more, and preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit value can be set to 5 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention may contain a host material and a dopant material, or may consist of only a single material.
- the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention contains a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the dopant material is preferably used at 10 wt% or less, more preferably 6 wt% or less, in order to prevent concentration quenching.
- the dopant material and the host material one kind of material may be used alone, or two or more kinds of materials may be used in combination. Doping can be performed by co-evaporation of a host material and a dopant material. At this time, the host material and the dopant material may be mixed in advance and then simultaneously deposited.
- Examples of the host material used for the light-emitting layer include carbazole derivatives, quinolinol derivative metal complexes, oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, and diphenylanthracene derivatives.
- materials proposed as host materials for the light emitting layer can be appropriately selected and used.
- a preferred host material for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (10) can be given.
- Z represents a q-valent linking group, and q represents an integer of 2 to 4.
- R 101 and R 102 each independently represent a substituent, and n 101 and n 102 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
- n101 is any integer of 2 to 4
- n101 R 101's may be the same as or different from each other
- n102 R 102 may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 101 , R 102 , n101 and n102 in each of q structural units may be the same as or different from each other.
- Examples of the substituent represented by R 101 and R 102 in the general formula (10) include a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group. And a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a halogen atom, and a cyano group.
- n101 and n102 are each independently preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2. Moreover, it is also preferable that both n101 and n102 are 0.
- Z in the general formula (10) is preferably a linking group containing an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- the aromatic ring may be a single ring or a fused ring in which two or more aromatic rings are fused.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring is preferably 6 to 22, more preferably 6 to 18, still more preferably 6 to 14, and still more preferably 6 to 10.
- Specific examples of the aromatic ring include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring.
- the heterocyclic ring may be a single ring or a fused ring in which one or more heterocyclic rings and an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring are fused.
- the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclic ring is preferably 5 to 22, more preferably 5 to 18, still more preferably 5 to 14, and still more preferably 5 to 10.
- the hetero atom constituting the heterocyclic ring is preferably a nitrogen atom.
- Specific examples of the heterocyclic ring include a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazine ring, a triazole ring, and a benzotriazole ring.
- Z in the general formula (10) contains an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and may contain a non-aromatic linking group. Examples of such a non-aromatic linking group include those having the following structure.
- R 107 , R 108 , R 109 and R 110 in the above non-aromatic linking group each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted It is preferable that the alkyl group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 111 , R 112 and R 113 each independently represent a substituent, n111 and n112 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4, and n113 is any of 1 to 5 Represents an integer.
- At least one R 111 , at least one R 112 , and at least one R 113 are aryl groups.
- n111 is an integer of 2 to 4, it may be the being the same or different each n111 amino R 111
- n112 is an integer of 2 to 4
- n112 amino R 112 may be the same as or different from each other.
- n113 is an integer of 2 to 5
- n113 R 113 may be the same as or different from each other.
- n111, n112 and n113 are preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of preventing holes passing through the light emitting layer from moving to the cathode side. It is preferably formed between the light emitting layer and the organic layer on the cathode side.
- the organic material forming the hole blocking layer include an aluminum complex compound, a gallium complex compound, a phenanthroline derivative, a silole derivative, a quinolinol derivative metal complex, an oxadiazole derivative, and an oxazole derivative.
- BCP 2,9-dimethyl And -4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- the hole block layer can be formed by, for example, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a coating method.
- the thickness of the hole block layer is usually 3 nm or more, and preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit value can be set to 5 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the electron injection layer has a function of transporting electrons from the cathode to the light emitting layer. Since the electron injection layer is generally formed so as to be in contact with the cathode, it is preferably a layer having excellent adhesion to the cathode surface.
- the electron transport layer has a function of transporting electrons to the light emitting layer side.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having excellent electron transport properties. For the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer, an electron transport material having high electron mobility and high ionization energy is used. As the electron transport material, various materials that can be used for the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer of the organic electroluminescence element can be appropriately selected and used.
- the electron transport material may be a polymer material having a repeating unit or a low molecular compound.
- electron transport materials include fluorenone derivatives, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives. , Fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives and the like.
- preferred electron transport materials include 2,5-bis (1-phenyl) -1,3,4-oxazole, 2,5-bis (1-phenyl) -1,3,4-thiazole, 2,5 -Bis (1-phenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- (4′-tert-butylphenyl) -5- (4 ′′ -biphenyl) 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2, 5-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,4-bis [2- (5 -phenyloxadiazolyl)] benzene, 1,4-bis [2- (5-phenyl) Oxadiazolyl) -4-tert-butylbenzene], 2- (4′-tert- butylphenyl) -5- (4 ′′ -biphenyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (1- Naphthyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,4
- the electron transport material used in the present invention may be used by selecting only one kind for one layer, or may be used by combining two or more kinds for one layer.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer can be formed by, for example, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a coating method.
- the thickness of the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer is usually 3 nm or more, and preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit value can be set to 5 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the cathode has a function of injecting electrons toward the organic layer.
- a material having a low work function is preferably used.
- a material having 4 eV or less is preferably used.
- Specific examples include metals (eg, tin, magnesium, indium, calcium, aluminum, silver) and alloys (eg, aluminum-lithium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy).
- metals eg, tin, magnesium, indium, calcium, aluminum, silver
- alloys eg, aluminum-lithium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy.
- the transmittance is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and further preferably 80% or more.
- the thickness of the cathode is usually 3 nm or more, and preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit value can be set to 1 ⁇ m or less, for example, but may be thicker if the cathode is not required to be transparent.
- the cathode can be formed, for example, by vapor deposition or sputtering.
- a protective layer is preferably formed on the cathode in order to protect the cathode.
- Such a protective layer is preferably a layer made of a stable metal having a high work function. For example, a metal layer such as aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, chromium, gold, or platinum can be formed.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be further applied to various uses. For example, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescence display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. For details, see “Organic EL Display” by Osamu Shigeru Tokito, Chiba Adachi, and Hideyuki Murata. ) Can be referred to. In particular, the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be applied to organic electroluminescence illumination that is in great demand.
- the solid obtained by concentrating the obtained fraction was recrystallized with a mixed solvent of acetone and methanol to obtain an acicular yellow solid (Compound 1) in a yield of 0.81 g and a yield of 50%.
- the compound was identified by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, TOF-Mass and elemental analysis.
- Example 1 In this example, a test was performed using Compound 1 synthesized in Synthesis Example 1, and an organic electroluminescence device having a structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- FIG. 2 shows a PL emission spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 339 nm. The co-deposited film emitted green light, and the PL quantum yield was as high as 35%.
- the PL transient attenuation of the co-deposited film was measured using a streak camera.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the PL transient decay curve agreed well with the two-component fitting, and a short-life component of 18 ns and a long-life component of 5.2 ms were observed. That is, with compound 1, in addition to short-lived fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence derived from long-lived components was observed.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- mCP3 was formed thereon with a thickness of 60 nm.
- 6% by weight of Compound 1 and mCP were co-evaporated to form a light emitting layer 4 with a thickness of 20 nm.
- Bphen5 was formed thereon with a thickness of 40 nm.
- magnesium-silver (MgAg) 6 was vacuum-deposited with a thickness of 100 nm, and then aluminum (Al) 7 was deposited with a thickness of 20 nm to obtain an organic electroluminescence device having the layer structure shown in FIG. Since the produced organic EL element showed green light emission and agreed well with the PL spectrum, it was confirmed that the light emission from the element was derived from the compound 1.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- TAPC is formed thereon with a thickness of 40 nm.
- 6 wt% of Compound 1 and TPSi—F were co-evaporated to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 20 nm.
- TmPyPB was formed thereon with a thickness of 35 nm.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was vacuum-deposited by 1 nm, and then aluminum (Al) was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 60 nm to obtain an organic electroluminescence element.
- FIG. 4 shows an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum.
- FIG. 5 shows current density-voltage characteristics-luminance characteristics
- FIG. 6 shows external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics. It was confirmed that the external quantum efficiency was as high as 10%.
- Example 2 to 140 In the same manner as in Example 1, the usefulness of compounds 2 to 140 and 142 to 354 can be confirmed.
- Example 141 In this example, the same test as in Example 1 was performed using Compound 141, and an organic electroluminescence device was produced. (1) Observation of delayed fluorescence 10 wt% of compound 141 and DPEPO or UGH2 were co-evaporated to form a film on a quartz substrate, and PL emission spectrum, PL quantum yield, and PL transient were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Attenuation was measured. FIG. 7 shows a PL emission spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 339 nm, and FIG. 8 shows a PL transient decay curve. With compound 141, in addition to short-lived fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence derived from long-lived components was observed. The PL quantum yield was confirmed to be as high as 74% when co-deposited with DPEPO and 80% when co-deposited with UGH2.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- NPD NPD
- mCP was formed to a thickness of 10 nm.
- a light emitting layer was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by co-evaporation of 9% by weight of compound 141 and DPEPO. Further thereon, DPEPO was formed into a film with a thickness of 20 nm.
- FIG. 9 shows an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum. Since it was in good agreement with the PL spectrum, it was confirmed that light emission from the device was derived from compound 141.
- FIG. 10 shows current density-voltage characteristics-luminance characteristics
- FIG. 11 shows external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics. The external quantum efficiency was confirmed to be as high as 10.7%.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost and can realize high luminous efficiency. Moreover, the compound of this invention is useful as a luminescent material for such an organic electroluminescent element. For this reason, this invention has high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする[1]に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[3] 一般式(1)のZが単結合であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[4] 一般式(1)のZがカルボニル基であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[5] 一般式(1)のZが>C=C(CN)2であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[6] 一般式(1)のR17がアリール基であることを特徴とする[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[7] 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、電子供与基で置換されたアリール基であることを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[8] 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有することを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[9] 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、下記一般式(3)~(5)のいずれかで表される構造を有することを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[10] 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、下記のいずれかの構造を有することを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[12] 一般式(1)のR9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15およびR16の少なくとも1つが、下記のいずれかの構造を有することを特徴とする[1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
[14] 下記一般式(1’)で表される化合物。
[15] 一般式(1’)のZ’が単結合であることを特徴とする[14]に記載の化合物。
[16] 一般式(1’)のZ’がカルボニル基であることを特徴とする[14]に記載の化合物。
[17] 一般式(1’)のZ’が>C=C(CN)2であることを特徴とする[14]に記載の化合物。
[18] 一般式(1’)のR17’がアリール基であることを特徴とする[14]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
[19] 一般式(1’)のR1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、R5’、R6’、R7’およびR8’の少なくとも1つが、電子供与基で置換されたアリール基であることを特徴とする[14]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
[20] 一般式(1’)のR1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、R5’、R6’、R7’およびR8’の少なくとも1つが、下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有することを特徴とする[14]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
[22] 一般式(1’)のR1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、R5’、R6’、R7’およびR8’の少なくとも1つが、下記のいずれかの構造を有することを特徴とする[14]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
[24] 下記一般式(1’)で表される化合物からなる遅延蛍光材料。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を発光層に含むことを特徴とする。そこで、一般式(1)で表される化合物について、まず説明する。
R41およびR42、R42およびR43、R51およびR52、ならびにR52およびR53が一緒になって形成する環構造は、芳香環、ヘテロ芳香環、脂肪環のいずれであってもよいが、芳香環またはヘテロ芳香環であることが好ましく、芳香環であることがより好ましい。環構造の具体例として、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環などを挙げることができる。
本明細書でいうアルキル基は、直鎖状であっても、分枝状であっても、環状であってもよい。好ましいのは直鎖状または分枝状のアルキル基である。アルキル基の炭素数は、1~20であることが好ましく、1~12であることがより好ましく、1~6であることがさらに好ましく、1~3であること(すなわちメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基)がさらにより好ましい。環状のアルキル基としては、例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基を挙げることができる。
アリール基やアルキル基の置換基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基を挙げることができる。置換基として採用しうるアルキル基とアリール基の説明と好まし範囲は、上記と同じである。また、置換基として採用しうるアルコキシ基は、直鎖状であっても、分枝状であっても、環状であってもよい。好ましいのは直鎖状または分枝状のアルコキシ基である。アルコキシ基の炭素数は、1~20であることが好ましく、1~12であることがより好ましく、1~6であることがさらに好ましく、1~3であること(すなわちメトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基)がさらにより好ましい。環状のアルコキシ基としては、例えばシクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ基、シクロヘプチルオキシ基を挙げることができる。また、置換基として採用しうるアリールオキシ基は、1つの芳香環からなるものであってもよいし、2以上の芳香環が融合した構造を有するものであってもよい。アリールオキシ基の炭素数は、6~22であることが好ましく、6~18であることがより好ましく、6~14であることがさらに好ましく、6~10であること(すなわちフェニルオキシ基、1-ナフチルオキシ基、2-ナフチルオキシ基)がさらにより好ましい。
一般式(3)~(5)中のアルキル基とアリール基の置換基としては、電子供与性を示す基も挙げることができる。
ここでいうアリール基とアルキル基の説明と好ましい範囲については、R41、R42、R43、R51、R52およびR53が採りうるアリール基とアルキル基の説明と好ましい範囲を参照することができる。ただし、一般式(6)~(9)におけるアリール基やアルキル基の置換基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、アルキルオキシ基、アリールオキシ基の他に、電子吸引性を示す基も挙げることができる。
一般式(1’)における電子供与基、電子吸引基の説明と好ましい範囲については、上記一般式(1)における対応する記載を参照することができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物の合成法は特に制限されない。一般式(1)で表される化合物の合成は、既知の合成法や条件を適宜組み合わせることにより行うことができる。
例えば、好ましい合成法として、下記のスキームで表される合成法を挙げることができる。ここでは、アクリジン骨格に電子供与基Dが1つ置換し、アクリジン骨格の窒素原子にR17が置換し、フルオレン骨格に電子吸引基Aが1つ置換した一般式(15)の化合物の合成法を典型例として挙げている。
これらの反応の詳細については、後述の合成例を参考にすることができる。また、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、その他の公知の合成反応を組み合わせることによっても合成することができる。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、陽極、陰極、および陽極と陰極の間に有機層を有する構造を備えている。有機層は、少なくとも発光層を含むものであり、発光層のみからなるものであってもよいし、発光層の他に1層以上の有機層を有するものであってもよい。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、発光層に一般式(1)で表される化合物を含むものである。
一般式(1)で表される化合物を、熱活性化遅延蛍光材料として有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光層に用いれば、高い発光効率を従来よりも安価に達成しうる。従来は、発光効率が高い有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を製造するために、励起子生成効率が高いリン光材料を用いた研究が活発に行われてきた。しかしながら、リン光材料を用いる場合は、IrやPtといった希少金属を利用する必要があるため、コストが高くなるという問題があった。遅延蛍光材料を用いれば、このような高価な材料を必要としないため、発光効率が高い有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を安価に提供することが可能になる。
基板は、陽極\有機層\陰極の構造を支える支持体として機能するとともに、陽極\有機層\陰極の構造を製造する際の基板として機能するものである。基板は、透明材料で構成されていても、半透明ないし不透明な材料で構成されていてもよい。陽極側から発光を取り出す場合は、透明な基板を用いることが好ましい。基板を構成する材料として、ガラス、石英、金属、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリスルホンを挙げることができる。可撓性を有する基板を用いれば、フレキシブルな有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とすることができる。
陽極は、有機層へ向けてホールを注入する機能を有する。そのような陽極としては、仕事関数が高い材料を用いることが好ましく、例えば4eV以上の材料を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、金属(例えば、アルミニウム、金、銀、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金)、金属酸化物(例えば、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛、酸化インジウムと酸化スズの混合物[ITO]、酸化亜鉛と酸化インジウムの混合物[IZO])、ハロゲン化金属(例えば、ヨウ化銅)、カーボンブラックを挙げることができる。また、ポリアニリン、ポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)、ポリピロール等の導電性ポリマーを用いることも可能である。陽極側から発光を取り出す場合は、ITOやIZOなどの発光に対する透過率が高い材料を用いることが好ましい。透過率は、10%以上であることが好ましく、50%以上であることがより好ましく、80%以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、陽極の厚みは、通常は3nm以上であり、10nm以上であることが好ましい。上限値は、例えば1μm以下とすることができるが、陽極に透明性が要求されない場合はさらに厚くてもよく、例えば、上記の基板としての機能を陽極が兼ね備えるようにすることもできる。陽極は、例えば蒸着法、スパッタリング法、塗布法により形成することができる。導電性ポリマーを陽極に用いる場合は、電解重合法を用いて基板上に陽極を形成することも可能である。陽極の形成後は、ホール注入機能を向上させること等を目的として表面処理を行うことができる。表面処理の具体例として、プラズマ処理(例えば、アルゴンプラズマ処理、酸素プラズマ処理)、UV処理、オゾン処理などが挙げられる。
ホール注入層は、ホールを陽極から発光層側へ輸送する機能を有する。ホール注入層は、一般に陽極の上に形成されることから、陽極表面との密着性に優れた層であることが好ましい。このため、薄膜形成能が高い材料で構成されることが好ましい。ホール輸送層は、ホールを発光層側へ輸送する機能を有している。ホール輸送層には、ホール輸送性に優れた材料から構成される。
ホール注入層およびホール輸送層には、ホール移動度が高くてイオン化エネルギーが小さいホール輸送材料を用いる。イオン化エネルギーは、例えば4.5~6.0eVのものを好ましく選択することができる。ホール輸送材料としては、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子のホール注入層またはホール輸送層に用いることができるとされている種々の材料を適宜選択して用いることができる。ホール輸送材料は、繰り返し単位を有するポリマー材料であってもよいし、低分子化合物であってもよい。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光層は、ホスト材料とドーパント材料を含むものであってもよいし、単一材料のみからなるものであってもよい。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光層は、一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む。
発光層がホスト材料とドーパント材料を含むとき、濃度消光を防ぐために、ドーパント材料はホスト材料に対して10重量%以下で用いることが好ましく、6重量%以下で用いることがより好ましい。ドーパント材料およびホスト材料は、いずれも1種の材料を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上の材料を組み合わせて用いてもよい。ドーピングは、ホスト材料とドーパント材料を共蒸着することにより行うことができるが、このときホスト材料とドーパント材料はあらかじめ混合しておいてから同時に蒸着してもよい。
n101およびn102は、各々独立に0~3のいずれかの整数であることが好ましく、0~2のいずれかの整数であることがより好ましい。また、n101およびn102がいずれも0であるものも好ましい。
一般式(11)におけるn111、n112およびn113は1~3であることが好ましく、1または2であることがより好ましい。
ホールブロック層は、発光層を経由したホールが陰極側へ移動するのを防げる機能を有する。発光層と陰極側の有機層との間に形成されることが好ましい。ホールブロック層を形成する有機材料としては、アルミニウム錯体化合物、ガリウム錯体化合物、フェナントロリン誘導体、シロール誘導体、キノリノール誘導体金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体を挙げることができる。具体的には、ビス(8-ヒドロキシキノリナート)(4-フェニルフェノラート)アルミニウム、ビス(2-メチル-8-ヒドロキシキノリナート)(4-フェニルフェノラート)ガリウム、2,9-ジメチル-4,7-ジフェニル-1,10-フェナントロリン(BCP)等を挙げることができる。ホールブロック層には、1種の有機材料を選択して単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、ホールブロック層は、例えば蒸着法、スパッタリング法、塗布法により形成することができる。ホールブロック層の厚みは、通常は3nm以上であり、10nm以上であることが好ましい。上限値は、例えば5μm以下とすることができる。
電子注入層は、電子を陰極から発光層側へ輸送する機能を有する。電子注入層は、一般に陰極に接するように形成されることから、陰極表面との密着性に優れた層であることが好ましい。電子輸送層は、電子を発光層側へ輸送する機能を有している。電子輸送層には、電子輸送性に優れた材料から構成される。
電子注入層および電子輸送層には、電子移動度が高くてイオン化エネルギーが大きい電子輸送材料を用いる。電子輸送材料としては、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の電子注入層または電子輸送層に用いることができるとされている種々の材料を適宜選択して用いることができる。電子輸送材料は、繰り返し単位を有するポリマー材料であってもよいし、低分子化合物であってもよい。
陰極は、有機層へ向けて電子を注入する機能を有する。そのような陰極としては、仕事関数が低い材料を用いることが好ましく、例えば4eV以下の材料を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、金属(例えば、スズ、マグネシウム、インジウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、銀)、合金(例えば、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、マグネシウム-銀合金、マグネシウム-インジウム合金)を挙げることができる。陰極側から発光を取り出す場合は、透過率が高い材料を用いることが好ましい。透過率は、10%以上であることが好ましく、50%以上であることがより好ましく、80%以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、陰極の厚みは、通常は3nm以上であり、10nm以上であることが好ましい。上限値は、例えば1μm以下とすることができるが、陰極に透明性が要求されない場合はさらに厚くてもよい。陰極は、例えば蒸着法、スパッタリング法により形成することができる。陰極の上には、陰極を保護するために保護層を形成することが好ましい。そのような保護層は、仕事関数が高くて安定な金属からなる層であることが好ましく、例えば、アルミニウム、銀、銅、ニッケル、クロム、金、白金等の金属層を形成することができる。
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, TMS, δ): 6.26 (dd, J=7.8Hz, 1.5Hz, 2H), 6.42 (dd, J=8.4Hz, 0.8Hz, 2H), 6.62 (td,J=7.4Hz, 1.1Hz, 2H), 7.01 (td, J=7.8Hz, 1.5Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.61 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.73-7.76 (m, 6H), 7.94 (d, J=8.3Hz, 2H)
13C-NMR (125MHz, CDCl3, δ): 157.49, 141.50, 141.12, 140.30, 132.20, 131.32, 130.91, 129.97, 128.87, 128.36, 127.11, 121.62, 121.29, 120.96, 118.72, 115.48, 113.20, 57.25
TOF-Mass [M+]:Anal. Calcd for C33H19N3: 458.16, found: 458.24
元素分析: Anal. Calcd for C33H19N3:C 86.63, H 4.19, N 9.18%; found:C 86.82, H 4.23, N 9.16%.
合成例1と同様にして、化合物2~282および284~354を合成することができる。
得られたフラクションを濃縮して得た固体にエタノールを加えて超音波を照射した。照射後、この固体を回収したところ、淡橙色粉末状固体(化合物283)を収量0.15g、収率9.0%で得た。
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, TMS, δ): 8.25 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.72 (t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 7.59 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.41 (m, 8H), 6.94 (t, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 6.65 (t, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 6.39-6.34 (m, 4H).
MS(MALDI): m/z calcd:483.17 [M+H]+; found: 483.08.
本実施例において、合成例1で合成した化合物1を用いて試験を行うとともに、図1に示す構造の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
(1)遅延蛍光の観測
10重量%の化合物1とmCPを共蒸着することにより石英基板上に製膜し、PL発光スペクトル、PL量子収率、PL過渡減衰を測定した。図2に励起波長339nmにおけるPL発光スペクトルを示す。共蒸着膜は緑色発光を示し、PL量子収率は35%と高い値を示した。次に化合物1の熱活性化遅延蛍光特性を検討するために、ストリークカメラを用いて共蒸着膜のPL過渡減衰を測定した。測定結果を図3に示す。PL過渡減衰曲線は2成分のフィッティングによく一致し、18nsの短寿命成分と5.2msの長寿命成分が観測された。すなわち、化合物1によって、短寿命の蛍光に加え、長寿命成分に由来する熱活性化遅延蛍光が観測された。
ガラス1上にインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)2をおよそ30~100nmの厚さで製膜し、さらにその上にmCP3を60nmの厚さで製膜した。次いで、6重量%の化合物1とmCPを共蒸着することによって発光層4を20nmの厚さで製膜した。さらにその上にBphen5を厚さ40nmで製膜した。次いで、マグネシウム-銀(MgAg)6を100nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)7を20nmの厚さに蒸着して、図1に示す層構成を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。作成した有機EL素子は緑色発光を示し、PLスペクトルとよく一致したことから、素子からの発光は化合物1に由来することが確認された。
ガラス上にインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)をおよそ30~100nmの厚さで製膜し、さらにその上にTAPCを40nmの厚さで製膜し、mCPを5nmの厚さで製膜した。次いで、6重量%の化合物1とTPSi-Fを共蒸着することによって発光層を20nmの厚さで製膜した。さらにその上にTmPyPBを厚さ35nmで製膜した。次いで、フッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を60nmの厚さに蒸着して、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。図4にエレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)スペクトルを示す。図5に電流密度-電圧特性-輝度特性を示し、図6に外部量子効率-電流密度特性を示す。外部量子効率は10%と高いことが確認された。
実施例1と同様にして、化合物2~140および142~354についても有用性を確認することができる。
本実施例において、化合物141を用いて実施例1と同様の試験を行うとともに、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
(1)遅延蛍光の観測
10重量%の化合物141とDPEPOまたはUGH2を共蒸着することにより石英基板上に製膜して、実施例1と同様にしてPL発光スペクトル、PL量子収率、PL過渡減衰を測定した。図7に励起波長339nmにおけるPL発光スペクトルを示し、図8にPL過渡減衰曲線を示す。化合物141によって、短寿命の蛍光に加え、長寿命成分に由来する熱活性化遅延蛍光が観測された。PL量子収率はDPEPOと共蒸着した場合が74%、UGH2と共蒸着した場合が80%と高いことが確認された。
ガラス上にインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)をおよそ100nmの厚さで製膜し、さらにその上にNPDを40nmの厚さで製膜し、さらにその上にmCPを10nmの厚さで製膜した。次いで、9重量%の化合物141とDPEPOを共蒸着することによって発光層を40nmの厚さで製膜した。さらにその上に、DPEPOを厚さ20nmで製膜した。次いで、マグネシウム-銀(MgAg=10:1)を100nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を10nmの厚さに蒸着して有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。図9にエレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)スペクトルを示す。PLスペクトルとよく一致したことから、素子からの発光は化合物141に由来することが確認された。図10に電流密度-電圧特性-輝度特性を示し、図11に外部量子効率-電流密度特性を示す。外部量子効率は10.7%と高いことが確認された。
2 ITO
3 mCP
4 発光層
5 Bphen
6 MgAg
7 Al
Claims (24)
- 陽極、陰極、および前記陽極と前記陰極の間に発光層を含む少なくとも1層の有機層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、前記発光層に下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のZが単結合であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のZがカルボニル基であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のZが>C=C(CN)2であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のR17がアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、電子供与基で置換されたアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つが、下記一般式(3)~(5)のいずれかで表される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 一般式(1)のR9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15およびR16の少なくとも1つが、シアノ基、または下記一般式(6)~(9)のいずれかで表される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を発光層のドーパントとして用いたことを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 下記一般式(1’)で表される化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のZ’が単結合であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のZ’がカルボニル基であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のZ’が>C=C(CN)2であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のR17’がアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項14~17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のR1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、R5’、R6’、R7’およびR8’の少なくとも1つが、電子供与基で置換されたアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項14~17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 一般式(1’)のR1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、R5’、R6’、R7’およびR8’の少なくとも1つが、下記一般式(3)~(5)のいずれかで表される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項14~17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 下記一般式(1)で表される化合物からなる遅延蛍光材料。
- 下記一般式(1’)で表される化合物からなる遅延蛍光材料。
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EP12815130.5A EP2733762B1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-13 | Organic electroluminescence element and compound used therein |
JP2013524706A JP5565742B2 (ja) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-13 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびそれに用いる化合物 |
CN201280035225.XA CN103650195B (zh) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-13 | 有机电致发光元件及其所使用的化合物 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20140138670A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
US9660198B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
EP2733762A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
CN103650195A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
JP5565742B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
TW201309778A (zh) | 2013-03-01 |
EP2733762B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
KR102006506B1 (ko) | 2019-08-01 |
KR20140061365A (ko) | 2014-05-21 |
JPWO2013011954A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
EP2733762A4 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
CN103650195B (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
TWI585187B (zh) | 2017-06-01 |
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