WO2013009155A2 - 비수 전해액 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해액 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013009155A2 WO2013009155A2 PCT/KR2012/005656 KR2012005656W WO2013009155A2 WO 2013009155 A2 WO2013009155 A2 WO 2013009155A2 KR 2012005656 W KR2012005656 W KR 2012005656W WO 2013009155 A2 WO2013009155 A2 WO 2013009155A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery comprising a branched alkyl ester compound and a linear alkyl ester compound and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
- Lithium secondary batteries are the batteries that can best meet these demands, and research on these is being actively conducted.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s are nonaqueous materials in which lithium salts are dissolved in an appropriate amount of lithium salt in an anode made of carbon material, a cathode containing lithium containing oxide, and a mixed organic solvent capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions. It consists of electrolyte solution.
- the average discharge voltage of the lithium secondary battery is about 3.6 ⁇ 3.7V, one of the advantages is that the discharge voltage is higher than other alkaline batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and the like.
- an electrochemically stable electrolyte composition is required in the charge and discharge voltage range of 0 to 4.2 V.
- a mixed solvent in which cyclic carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and linear carbonate compounds such as dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are appropriately mixed is used as a solvent of the electrolyte solution.
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , and the like are commonly used as lithium salts as electrolytes, which act as a source of lithium ions in the battery to enable operation of the lithium battery.
- lithium ions derived from a cathode active material such as lithium metal oxide move to an anode active material such as graphite and are inserted between the layers of the anode active material.
- anode active material such as graphite
- the electrolyte and the carbon constituting the anode active material react on the surface of the anode active material such as graphite to generate compounds such as Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O, and LiOH.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- the SEI layer acts as an ion tunnel and passes only lithium ions.
- the SEI layer is an effect of such an ion tunnel, and prevents the structure of the anode from being destroyed by inserting an organic solvent molecule having a large molecular weight moving with lithium ions in the electrolyte between the layers of the anode active material. Therefore, by preventing contact between the electrolyte solution and the anode active material, decomposition of the electrolyte solution does not occur, and the amount of lithium ions in the electrolyte solution is reversibly maintained to maintain stable charge and discharge.
- the SEI layer is unstable, so the problem of increasing the internal pressure of the battery is more prominent.
- ethylene carbonate has a high freezing point of 37 to 39 ° C. and a solid state at room temperature, the ionic conductivity at low temperature is low, so that a lithium battery using a non-aqueous solvent containing a large amount of ethylene carbonate has a low low temperature conductivity.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery using the same improved the normal temperature and high temperature cycle.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises a first ester compound represented by the following formula (1) and a second ester compound represented by the following formula (2), wherein the content of the first ester compound and the second ester compound is the organic solvent And 50 to 90% by volume of the nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery based on the total volume of the ester compound:
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3 and R 4 are a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery having an anode, a cathode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery.
- a lithium secondary battery having a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a combination of a branched alkyl group ester compound and a linear alkyl group ester compound a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing only a linear alkyl group ester compound Compared to the lithium secondary battery provided, even if the charge and discharge cycles are repeated several hundred times at room temperature and high temperature, the lifespan characteristics and stability of the improved secondary battery can be realized in which the battery capacity and the thickness of the battery are remarkably small.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the high temperature life characteristics of the lithium secondary battery prepared in Examples 2-4 to 2-6, Comparative Example 2-5, and Comparative Example 2-6.
- FIG 3 is a graph showing the high temperature life characteristics of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 2-7 to 2-9 and Comparative Examples 2-7 to 2-9.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent according to an aspect of the present invention further comprises a first ester compound represented by the formula (1) and a second ester compound represented by the formula (2),
- the content of the first ester compound and the second ester compound is 50 to 90% by volume based on the total volume of the organic solvent and the ester compound:
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3 and R 4 are a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the anode As the charging and discharging cycles of the secondary battery in which the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected are repeated, the anode also has a rapid shrinkage expansion, and when the SEI layer collapses due to the expansion of the anode during charging, a new SEI layer is formed by decomposition of the electrolyte. As a result, the electrolyte is gradually depleted, and as a result, lithium ions present in the electrolyte are consumed and the capacity of the battery decreases as the cycle progresses.
- the depletion of the electrolyte can be said to occur mainly in the cyclic carbonate in the solvent, which is a decomposition of the secondary battery when the life of the secondary battery during the life test, the analysis of the electrolyte solution, the fluorine used as a cyclic carbonate It can be deduced from the point that all of the low ethylene carbonate has been consumed.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a combination of a first ester compound having a branched alkyl group and a second ester compound having only a straight alkyl group.
- the branched alkyl group has a characteristic of generating radicals more easily than the linear alkyl group.
- the ester compound having the branched alkyl group generates radicals instead of the cyclic carbonates, thereby inhibiting decomposition of the cyclic carbonates in the electrolyte, and as a result, it is possible to maintain the capacity of the secondary battery for a long time.
- radical transfer between different ester compounds when using a combination thereof, radical transfer between different ester compounds (when one of the first ester compound having a branched alkyl group and the second ester compound having only a linear alkyl group is used alone)
- the transfer reaction may delay the continuous decomposition of radicals of one species.
- the SEI layer formed when there are several kinds of ester compounds which are partly involved in the formation of the SEI layer shows a better performance. This is the same as the battery performance is better when using a combination of different linear carbonates than one type of linear carbonate. Therefore, in the case of using a combination of ester compounds, life performance is improved by delaying the decomposition reaction of the SEI layer and the electrolyte solution than in the case of using alone.
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 may be a substituted or unsubstituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 3 and R It may be a tetravalent substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted isoalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, sec-substituted or substituted unsubstituted 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 may be a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group
- R 2 is an isopropyl group, isobutyl group, isopentyl group, isohexyl group, sec-butyl Group, sec-pentyl group, tert-butyl group, or tert-pentyl group.
- Non-limiting examples of the first ester compound include at least one selected from the group consisting of isobutyl propionate, isoamyl propionate, isobutyl butyrate, and isopropyl propionate
- Non-limiting examples of two ester compounds include methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, and propyl butyrate And butyl butyrate.
- the content of the first ester compound and the second ester compound may be 50 to 90% by volume, or 55 to 80% by volume based on the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent and the ester compound.
- the mixing volume ratio (a: b) of the first ester compound (a) to the second ester compound (b) may be 80:20 to 20:80, or 60:40 to 40:60.
- the volume ratio satisfies this range, synergistic effects due to the mixing of two ester compounds may be expressed.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be substituted.
- at least one hydrogen atom included in the alkyl group of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be a halogen atom, a cyano group, May be optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, a nitro group, an amino group (-NH 2 , -NH (R), -N (R ') (R''),R' and R "are independently of each other an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- R 1 and R 2 which are branched alkyl groups, may be an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms, in addition to the substituents described above. And optionally an aryl group of 12 to 12.
- the electrolyte salt contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to one aspect of the present invention is a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt may be used without limitation those conventionally used in the lithium secondary battery electrolyte.
- the anion of the lithium salt is F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N (CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 )
- organic solvent included in the nonaqueous electrolyte described above those conventionally used in the lithium secondary battery electrolyte may be used without limitation, and for example, linear carbonate, cyclic carbonate, ether, ester, amide, and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It can be mixed and used.
- carbonate compounds which are typically cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, or mixtures thereof may be included.
- cyclic carbonate compound examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate and any one selected from the group consisting of halides thereof or mixtures of two or more thereof.
- halides include, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), but are not limited thereto.
- linear carbonate compounds include dimethyl carbonate (dimethyl carbonate, DMC), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate, DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate Any one selected or a mixture of two or more thereof may be representatively used, but is not limited thereto.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates among the carbonate-based organic solvents, are high viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, which may dissociate lithium salts in the electrolyte more effectively.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates among the carbonate-based organic solvents, are high viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, which may dissociate lithium salts in the electrolyte more effectively.
- any one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, and ethylpropyl ether, or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used. It is not limited to this.
- esters in the organic solvent include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and One or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -caprolactone may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery according to an aspect of the present invention may further include a conventionally known additive for forming the SEI layer in a range not departing from the object of the present invention.
- a conventionally known additive for forming the SEI layer usable in the present invention cyclic sulfite, saturated sultone, unsaturated sultone, acyclic sulfone, and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but is not limited thereto.
- vinylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate may also be used as additives for forming an SEI layer for improving battery life.
- the cyclic sulfites include ethylene sulfite, methyl ethylene sulfite, ethyl ethylene sulfite, 4,5-dimethyl ethylene sulfite, 4,5-diethyl ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, 4,5-dimethyl propylene sulfide Pite, 4,5-diethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6-dimethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6-diethyl propylene sulfite, 1,3-butylene glycol sulfite, and the like.
- 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, and the like, and unsaturated sultone include ethene sultone, 1,3-propene sultone, 1,4-butene sultone, 1-methyl-1,3-prop Pen sulfone etc. are mentioned, As acyclic sulfone, divinyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, methyl vinyl sulfone, etc. are mentioned.
- the additive for forming the SEI layer may be included in an appropriate content according to the specific type of the additive, for example, may be included in 0.01 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte may be used as an electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery in the form of a gel polymer electrolyte impregnated with a liquid electrolyte or a polymer per se.
- the electrolyte salt is mixed with the nonaqueous solvent, and the content of the first ester compound and the second ester compound is equal to the organic solvent, the first ester compound, and the first agent. It can be obtained by adding 50 to 90% by volume to the total volume of the two ester compound to dissolve.
- the compound added to the nonaqueous solvent used and electrolyte solution can be refine
- air or carbon dioxide in the nonaqueous electrolyte for example, it is possible to further improve battery characteristics such as suppression of gas generation due to decomposition of the electrolyte and long-term cycle characteristics and charge storage characteristics.
- an electrolyte solution in which carbon dioxide is dissolved in a nonaqueous electrolyte solution can be used.
- the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved may be at least 0.001% by weight, or at least 0.05% by weight, or at least 0.2% by weight relative to the weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte, and may be dissolved in the nonaqueous electrolyte until the carbon dioxide is saturated.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte is A lithium secondary battery, which is a nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries described above, is provided:
- Cathode, anode, and separator constituting the electrode assembly may be used all those conventionally used in the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
- the cathode has a structure in which a cathode layer including a cathode active material, a conductive material, and a binder is supported on one or both surfaces of a current collector.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be coated with a metal or metal oxide such as aluminum (Al).
- a metal or metal oxide such as aluminum (Al).
- sulfide, selenide, halide, and the like may also be used.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electronic conductive material that does not cause chemical change in the electrochemical device.
- carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, metal powder, conductive metal oxide, organic conductive materials, and the like can be used, and currently commercially available products as acetylene black series (Chevron Chemical) Chevron Chemical Company or Gulf Oil Company, etc., Ketjen Black EC series (Armak Company), Vulcan XC-72 (Cabot Company) (Cabot Company) and Super P (MMM).
- acetylene black, carbon black, graphite, etc. are mentioned.
- the anode has a structure in which an anode layer including an anode active material and a binder is supported on one side or both sides of a current collector.
- anode active material a carbon material, a lithium metal, a metal compound, and a mixture thereof, which may normally occlude and release lithium ions, may be used.
- both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- Soft crystalline carbon and hard carbon are typical low crystalline carbon
- high crystalline carbon is natural graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, liquid crystal pitch-based carbon fiber.
- High temperature calcined carbon such as (mesophase pitch based carbon fiber), meso-carbon microbeads, Mesophase pitches and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- metal elements such as Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr, Ba, etc.
- the compound containing 1 or more types is mentioned.
- These metal compounds may be used in any form, such as single, alloys, oxides (TiO 2 , SnO 2, etc.), nitrides, sulfides, borides, and alloys with lithium. High capacity can be achieved.
- one or more elements selected from Si, Ge, and Sn may be contained, and one or more elements selected from Si and Sn may further increase the capacity of the battery.
- anode active material a mixture of a metal compound and a carbon material may be used, wherein the weight ratio of the metal compound to the carbon material is 1:99 to 40:60, or 3:97 to 33:67, or 5:95 to 20 May be: 80.
- the weight ratio of the metal compound to the carbon material satisfies the above range, the electrical conductivity decreases due to the use of the metal compound alone and the crack generation of the active material due to volume expansion is minimized, and the capacity of the anode active material is improved to improve the capacity of the metal compound and carbon. It is possible to provide excellent electrochemical properties to the electrochemical device to which a mixture of materials is applied.
- the binders used for the cathode and the anode have a function of retaining the cathode active material and the anode active material in the current collector and connecting the active materials, and a binder commonly used may be used without limitation.
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- polyacrylonitrile polyacrylonitrile
- polymethylmethacrylate polymethylmethacrylate
- SBR butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the current collectors used for the cathode and the anode are metals of high conductivity, and metals to which the slurry of the active material can easily adhere can be used as long as they are not reactive in the voltage range of the battery.
- a non-limiting example of a cathode current collector is a foil prepared by aluminum, nickel or a combination thereof
- a non-limiting example of an anode current collector is copper, gold, nickel or a copper alloy or a combination thereof.
- the current collector may be used by stacking substrates made of the materials.
- the cathode and the anode are kneaded using an active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a high boiling point solvent to form an electrode mixture, and then the mixture is applied to a copper foil of a current collector, dried, and press-molded, then about 50 ° C to 250 ° C. It may be produced by heat treatment under vacuum at a temperature of about 2 hours.
- the thickness of the electrode layer of the cathode may be 30 to 120 ⁇ m, or 50 to 100 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the electrode layer of the anode may be 1 to 100 ⁇ m, or 3 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the separator may be a conventional porous polymer film conventionally used as a separator, such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer, ethylene / methacrylate copolymer, and the like.
- Porous polymer films made of polyolefin-based polymers may be used alone or in a lamination thereof, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric may be used, for example, a non-woven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, or the like. It doesn't happen.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not limited in appearance, but may be cylindrical, square, pouch type, or coin type using a can.
- a mixed solution was prepared by mixing 30% by volume of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 5% by volume of propylene carbonate (PC), 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate, and 30% by volume of methyl propionate. Thereafter, 3 parts by weight of 1,3-propene sultone and 3 parts by weight of 1,3-propane sultone were further added based on 100 parts by weight of the prepared mixed solution, and LiPF 6 was dissolved to a concentration of 1 M to prepare a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- isopropyl propionate 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate
- methyl propionate 30% by volume of methyl propionate
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that isobutyl propionate was used instead of isopropyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that isopentyl propionate was used instead of isopropyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 35% by volume of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate, and 30% by volume of methyl propionate were used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 45 vol% of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 30 vol% of isopropyl propionate, and 25 vol% of methyl propionate were used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 20% by volume of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 45% by volume of isopropyl propionate, and 35% by volume of methyl propionate were used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- 45% by volume of isopropyl propionate 45% by volume of isopropyl propionate
- 35% by volume of methyl propionate were used.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate and 65% by volume of methyl propionate instead of 30% of methyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate and 65% by volume of isopropyl propionate instead of 30% of methyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 35% by volume of isopropyl propionate and 65% by volume of isobutyl propionate instead of 30% of methyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 35 vol% of isopropyl propionate and 65 vol% of isopentyl propionate were used instead of 30 vol% of methyl propionate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 60% by volume of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 25% by volume of isopropyl propionate, and 15% by volume of methyl propionate were used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5% by volume of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 50% by volume of isopropyl propionate, and 45% by volume of methyl propionate were used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by a conventional method of injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte solution prepared in Example 1-1 using LiCoO 2 as a cathode and carbon microspheres made of graphite-based artificial graphite as an anode.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-2.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-3.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-4.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-5.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-6.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by a conventional method of injecting the prepared nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-7 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-2.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-7 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Example 1-3.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-1.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-2.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-3.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-4.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-5.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-6.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-7 except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-1.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-7, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-2.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-7, except for using the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1-6.
- C represents the charge / discharge current rate and C-rate of the battery represented by ampere (A) and is usually expressed as a ratio to the battery capacity. That is, 1C of the cells manufactured previously means a current of 5.5 mA.
- Lithium secondary batteries (battery capacity 5.5 mAh) prepared in Examples 2-4 to 2-6, Comparative Examples 2-5 and Comparative Examples 2-6 were charged at 55 ° C. at a constant current of 0.7 C to 4.35 V, After charging at a constant voltage of 4.35V, the charging was terminated when the charging current became 0.275mA. Thereafter, it was left for 10 minutes and discharged until it became 3.0V with a constant current of 0.5C. After 200 cycles of charging and discharging, the battery capacity was measured and shown in FIG. 2.
- C represents the charge / discharge current rate and C-rate of the battery represented by ampere (A) and is usually expressed as a ratio to the battery capacity. That is, 1C of the cells manufactured previously means a current of 5.5 mA.
- the lithium secondary battery (5.0 mAh battery capacity) prepared in Examples 2-7 to 2-9 and Comparative Examples 2-7 to 2-9 was charged at 55 ° C. at a constant current of 0.5 C until 4.35 V was charged. After that, the battery was charged with a constant voltage of 4.35V and the charging was terminated when the charging current became 0.25mA. Thereafter, it was left for 10 minutes and then discharged until it reached 2.5V with a constant current of 1.0C. After 100 cycles of charging and discharging, the battery capacity was measured and shown in FIG. 3.
- C represents the charge / discharge current rate and C-rate of the battery represented by ampere (A) and is usually expressed as a ratio to the battery capacity. That is, 1C of the cells manufactured previously means a current of 5.0 mA.
- a lithium secondary battery having an electrolyte solution in which an ester compound having a branched alkyl group and an ester compound having a linear alkyl group is mixed contains an ester compound having a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group alone. It can be seen that it exhibits superior life characteristics at high temperatures than a lithium secondary battery provided with an electrolyte solution.
- an electrolyte solution having a mixture of an ester compound having a branched alkyl group and an ester compound having a linear alkyl group is provided.
- One lithium secondary battery has a higher temperature than an electrolyte solution containing an ester compound having a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group alone, and an electrolyte solution containing a linear alkyl group compound and a branched alkyl group compound beyond the content range of the present invention. It can be seen that excellent life characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 전해질 염 및 유기용매를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액에 있어서,상기 비수 전해액이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 제2 에스테르계 화합물을 더 포함하고, 상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 제2 에스테르계 화합물의 함량이 상기 유기용매, 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 제2 에스테르계 화합물의 총부피에 대하여 50 내지 90 부피%인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액:[화학식 1]상기 화학식 1에서, R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 10의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 10의 분지형 알킬기이고,[화학식 2]상기 화학식 2에서, R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 10의 직쇄형 알킬기이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물(a) 대 제2 에스테르계 화합물(b)의 혼합 부피비(a:b)가 80:20 내지 20:80인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 8의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, 상기 R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 8의 분지형 알킬기이고,상기 R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 8의 직쇄형 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 6의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, 상기 R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 8의 이소알킬기, 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 4 내지 8의 sec-알킬기 또는 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 4 내지 8의 tert-알킬기이고,상기 R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 6의 직쇄형 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 R1, R3 및 R4가 메틸기, 에틸기, 프로필기 또는 부틸기이고, 상기 R2가 이소프로필기, 이소부틸기, 이소펜틸기, 이소헥실기, sec-부틸기, sec-펜틸기, tert-부틸기, 또는 tert-펜틸기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물이 이소부틸 프로피오네이트, 이소아밀 프로피오네이트, 이소부틸 부티레이트, 및 이소프로필 프로피오네이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상이고, 상기 제2 에스테르계 화합물이 메틸프로피오네이트, 에틸프로피오네이트, 프로필프로피오네이트, 부틸프로피오네이트, 메틸아세테이트, 에틸아세테이트, 프로필아세테이트, 부틸아세테이트, 메틸부티레이트, 에틸부티레이트, 프로필부티레이트, 및 부틸부티레이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전해질 염이 리튬염인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 리튬염의 음이온이 F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3 -, N(CN)2 -, BF4 -, ClO4 -, PF6 -, (CF3)2PF4 -, (CF3)3PF3 -, (CF3)4PF2 -, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, CF3SO3 -, CF3CF2SO3 -, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N- , CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3 -, CF3CO2 -, CH3CO2 -, SCN- 및 (CF3CF2SO2)2N-로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 유기 용매가 선형 카보네이트, 환형 카보네이트, 에테르, 에스테르, 및 아미드로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 선형 카보네이트가 디메틸 카보네이트, 디에틸 카보네이트, 디프로필 카보네이트, 에틸메틸 카보네이트, 메틸프로필 카보네이트 및 에틸프로필카보네이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 환형 카보네이트가 에틸렌 카보네이트, 프로필렌 카보네이트, 1,2-부틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-부틸렌 카보네이트, 1,2-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 비닐렌 카보네이트, 비닐에틸렌 카보네이트 및 이들의 할로겐화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 에테르가 디메틸 에테르, 디에틸 에테르, 디프로필 에테르, 메틸에틸 에테르, 메틸프로필 에테르 및 에틸프로필 에테르로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 비수 전해액이 환형 설파이트, 포화 설톤, 불포화 설톤, 및 비환형 설폰으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 애노드, 캐소드, 및 상기 캐소드와 애노드 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터로 이루어진 전극조립체 및 상기 전극 조립체에 주입된 비수 전해액을 구비하는 리튬 이차전지에 있어서, 상기 비수 전해액이 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 애노드가 리튬 금속, 탄소재, 금속 화합물 및 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 애노드 활물질층을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 금속 화합물이 Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr, 및 Ba로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소를 함유하는 화합물 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 캐소드가 리튬 함유 산화물을 포함하는 캐소드층을 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 리튬 함유 산화물이 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물이 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1-yCoyO2, LiCo1-yMnyO2, LiNi1-yMnyO2(O≤y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), LiMn2-zNizO4, LiMn2-zCozO4(0<z<2), LiCoPO4 및 LiFePO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
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JP2010056076A (ja) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-03-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2012082760A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Battery electrolyte solution containing certain ester-based solvents, and batteries containing such an electrolyte solution |
US20120231325A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Su-Jin Yoon | Electrolyte for a lithium rechargeable battery, lithium rechargeable battery including the same, and method of manufacturing a lithium rechargeable battery |
CN103597648B (zh) * | 2011-06-08 | 2018-01-02 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 非水性电解质和使用其的锂二次电池 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-16 EP EP12811452.7A patent/EP2733780B1/en active Active
- 2012-07-16 TW TW101125730A patent/TWI464932B/zh active
- 2012-07-16 WO PCT/KR2012/005656 patent/WO2013009155A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2012-07-16 JP JP2014520143A patent/JP5687804B2/ja active Active
- 2012-07-16 KR KR1020120077045A patent/KR101387603B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-16 CN CN201280034942.0A patent/CN103688402B/zh active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-03 US US13/934,523 patent/US9325035B2/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-12-02 US US14/557,726 patent/US20150086878A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None |
See also references of EP2733780A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013009155A3 (ko) | 2013-04-04 |
CN103688402B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
EP2733780B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
TWI464932B (zh) | 2014-12-11 |
JP5687804B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
US9325035B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
KR20130009706A (ko) | 2013-01-23 |
US20150086878A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
KR101387603B1 (ko) | 2014-04-21 |
EP2733780A4 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
JP2014523096A (ja) | 2014-09-08 |
EP2733780A2 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
TW201318245A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
CN103688402A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
US20130295468A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
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