WO2013001711A1 - 高周波電力増幅器 - Google Patents
高周波電力増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013001711A1 WO2013001711A1 PCT/JP2012/003321 JP2012003321W WO2013001711A1 WO 2013001711 A1 WO2013001711 A1 WO 2013001711A1 JP 2012003321 W JP2012003321 W JP 2012003321W WO 2013001711 A1 WO2013001711 A1 WO 2013001711A1
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- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/193—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only with field-effect devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
- H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/601—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators using FET's, e.g. GaAs FET's
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/387—A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/423—Amplifier output adaptation especially for transmission line coupling purposes, e.g. impedance adaptation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-frequency power amplifier, and more particularly to a high-frequency power amplifier suitable as a class F or inverse class F amplifier circuit for controlling harmonics.
- the input / output characteristics of a high-frequency power amplifier include a linear region that maintains a constant gain when the input power is low and amplifies the signal, and that the input power increases and the gain starts to decrease. There is a saturation region.
- PAE power added efficiency
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-frequency power amplifier capable of realizing high output and high PAE.
- one aspect of a high-frequency power amplifier is a high-frequency power amplifier that performs a class F operation, an amplification element that amplifies an input signal and outputs it from an output terminal, and the output terminal
- An output load circuit having a first resonance circuit and a second resonance circuit connected to each other, wherein a resonance frequency of the first resonance circuit is higher than a frequency of a second harmonic of the input signal, The resonant frequency of the second resonant circuit is lower than the frequency of the third harmonic of the input signal, and the output load circuit is connected to the output load circuit side from the output terminal on the basis of the output impedance of the amplification element.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic of the input signal is greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the third harmonic of the input signal is greater than 0 °. Having an impedance less than 180 °.
- One of the high-frequency power amplifiers of the present invention is that the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the output load circuit viewed from the output terminal of the amplifying element is capacitive (greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °), and the third harmonic.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient is capacitive (greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °)
- the effects of parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the amplifying element are included.
- the load viewed from the drain terminal satisfies the class F load condition, and a high PAE is obtained.
- FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the high-frequency power amplifier according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating the influence of the reflection coefficient on the phase of the second harmonic of the output resistance and the parasitic inductor when the signal frequency is 1 GHz.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the influence on the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the output resistance and the parasitic inductor when the signal frequency is 2.45 GHz.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the high-frequency power amplifier according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the high-frequency power amplifier according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to harmonics and PAE.
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to another modification of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to a modification of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency power amplifier according to another modification of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the load circuit of the high-frequency power amplifier circuit is designed in a form including the parasitic capacitance between the drain and source of the FET that is the amplifier element. .
- the inventors have clarified that it is not sufficient to consider only the parasitic capacitance between the drain and the source in a high-output high-frequency power amplifier.
- driving with a large current is indispensable, and the size (gate width) of the FET becomes very large in order to realize a large current operation.
- the impedance of the FET decreases.
- the impedance of the FET becomes small, in addition to the parasitic capacitance between the drain and source, the influence of the parasitic inductance of the drain, which has not been considered in the past, becomes large, and it is not possible to achieve sufficiently high efficiency.
- the inventors have newly found.
- one form of the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention is a high-frequency power amplifier that performs class F operation, and amplifies an input signal.
- An amplification element that outputs from an output terminal; and an output load circuit having a first resonance circuit and a second resonance circuit connected to the output terminal, wherein the resonance frequency of the first resonance circuit is the input signal Of the second resonance circuit is lower than the frequency of the third harmonic of the input signal, and the output load circuit is based on the output impedance of the amplification element.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the input signal is greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °, and the input signal
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic of the signal has an impedance greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °.
- the output load circuit combines the parasitic capacitance, the parasitic inductor, and the output load circuit. Since the impedance has a short-circuit impedance with respect to the even-order harmonics of the input signal and an open impedance with respect to the odd-order harmonics of the input signal, it has a high output as an amplifying element. Even when the amplifying element is used, the load viewed from the drain terminal including the influence of the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic inductance of the amplifying element satisfies the class F load condition, and a high PAE is obtained.
- each of the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit includes an inductive element and a capacitive element connected in series, and one end is connected to the output terminal, and the other.
- a first series resonance circuit and a second series resonance circuit whose ends are grounded may be used.
- each of the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit has a first open stub and a second open stub in which one end is connected to the output terminal and the other end is opened. It may be.
- the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit have a first dielectric resonator and a second resonance circuit in which one end is connected to the output terminal and the other end is opened, respectively. It may be a dielectric resonator.
- the first resonance circuit is composed of an inductive element and a capacitive element connected in series, and one end is connected to the output terminal, and the other end is grounded.
- the second resonance circuit includes a series inductive element having one end connected to the output terminal, an inductive element and a capacitive element connected in series, and one end connected to the other end of the series inductive element. And a fourth series resonant circuit having the other end grounded.
- the first resonance circuit is a third open stub having one end connected to the output terminal and the other end opened, and the second resonance circuit has one end connected to the output terminal.
- the first resonance circuit is a third dielectric resonator having one end connected to the output terminal and the other end opened, and the second resonance circuit has one end You may have a series induction element connected with the said output terminal, and the 4th dielectric resonator by which one end was connected with the other end of the said series induction element, and the other end was open
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic when the output load circuit is viewed from the output terminal to the output load circuit side is 195 ° to 310 °
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the third harmonic may be 30 ° or more and 140 ° or less.
- another aspect of the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention is a high-frequency power amplifier that performs an inverse class F operation, and amplifies an input signal and outputs it from an output terminal And an output load circuit having a first resonant circuit and a second resonant circuit connected to the output terminal, wherein the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit is a frequency of a second harmonic of the input signal
- the resonance frequency of the second resonance circuit is higher than the frequency of the third harmonic of the input signal
- the output load circuit is connected to the output terminal with reference to the output impedance of the amplification element.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic of the input signal is greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °, and the phase of the reflection coefficient for the third harmonic of the input signal is 18 °.
- the impedance may be greater than 0 ° and less than 360 °.
- the output load circuit combines the parasitic capacitance, the parasitic inductor, and the output load circuit. Since the impedance becomes an open impedance with respect to the even-order harmonics of the input signal and a short-circuit impedance with respect to the odd-order harmonics of the input signal, it has a high output as an amplifying element. Even when the amplifying element is used, the load viewed from the drain terminal including the influence of the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic inductance of the amplifying element satisfies the reverse class F load condition, and a high PAE is obtained.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic circuit diagram of high-frequency power amplifier 400 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1B is an equivalent circuit diagram of high-frequency power amplifier 400 in the first embodiment.
- a high-frequency power amplifier 400 includes an amplification element (such as an FET) 102 that amplifies a high-frequency signal that is an input signal, an output load circuit 109, and an output matching circuit 107.
- the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 is amplified by the amplifying element 102 and output from the output terminal 108 via the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107.
- FIG. 1B is an equivalent circuit diagram in which the output impedance of the amplifying element 102 in FIG. 1A is expressed by an output resistor 401, a first parasitic capacitance 402, a parasitic inductor 403, and a second parasitic capacitance 404.
- the output resistance 401 is a resistance between the drain and the source in the intrinsic region of the amplifying element 102.
- the first parasitic capacitance 402 is a capacitance between the drain and source of the intrinsic region of the amplifying element 102.
- the second parasitic capacitance 404 is a capacitance of an output electrode pad for outputting a signal from the intrinsic region of the amplifying element 102.
- the parasitic inductor 403 is the drain wiring of the intrinsic part of the transistor, the inductor component of the wiring from the intrinsic part to the output electrode pad, and the like.
- the first parasitic capacitance 402 and the second parasitic capacitance 404 are expressed individually, but the parasitic capacitance is simply expressed by only one of them. It may be expressed.
- the impedance of the output load circuit 109 is set to the short-circuit impedance for the even-order harmonics, and is set to the open impedance for the odd-order harmonics. The condition is met.
- phase of reflection coefficient means the phase of the reflection coefficient in a complex plane (or Smith chart), and is different from the phase of the impedance of the load.
- the “harmonic” is a signal having a frequency obtained by multiplying the frequency of the signal input to the amplifying element 102 by an integer.
- 2A and 2B show signal frequencies in the case where a resonance circuit having a short-circuit impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 180 °) with respect to the second harmonic as viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 is used.
- the frequency is 1 GHz and 2.45 GHz
- the result of simulation When the frequency is 1 GHz and 2.45 GHz, the phase of the reflection coefficient (vertical axis) with respect to the second harmonic viewed from the drain terminal B of the intrinsic part of the amplifying element 102 and the output resistance 401 (horizontal axis) of the amplifying element 102 ) And the result of simulation.
- the inductance of the parasitic inductor 403 is 0.013 nH (black circle plot), 0.026 nH (white square plot), 0.052 nH (white triangle plot), 0.104 nH (white circle plot). Plot), 0.208 nH (black triangle mark plot).
- the amplifying element 102 when the output resistance 401 is 20 ⁇ or more and the inductance of the parasitic inductor 403 is 0.052 nH or less, the amplifying element 102 is used regardless of whether the signal frequency is 1 GHz or 2.45 GHz.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic when the load terminal is viewed from the drain terminal B of the intrinsic part of the signal is approximately 180 degrees, that is, an ideal phase. In this case, a high PAE can be achieved even when a resonant circuit having a short-circuit impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 180 °) with respect to the second harmonic is used at the output terminal of the amplifying element 102 as in the prior art. Obtainable.
- the output resistance 401 is 10 ⁇ or less, or the inductance of the parasitic inductor 403 is 0.104 nH or more
- the drain of the intrinsic part of the amplifying element 102 regardless of the signal frequency is 1 GHz or 2.45 GHz. Since the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic viewed from the terminal B on the load side is greatly deviated from 180 degrees and far from the F-class operation condition, a high PAE cannot be obtained.
- the output load circuit 109 is considered in consideration of the parasitic inductor 403 of the amplification element 102. Need to be configured.
- 2A and 2B show the case where the frequency of the signal is 1 GHz and the case where it is 2.45 GHz.
- the parasitic inductor 403 increases as the signal frequency increases. There is a tendency for the influence of to increase. However, even when the signal frequency is 1 GHz, when the output resistance 401 is 10 ⁇ or less or the inductance of the parasitic inductor 403 is 0.104 nH or more, it is necessary to configure the output load circuit 109 in consideration of the parasitic inductor 403. is there.
- the high-frequency power amplifier includes an output load circuit 109 that takes into account the parasitic inductor 403, which will be described later, particularly when the frequency of the input signal to the amplifying element 102 is 1 GHz or more.
- High PAE can be realized.
- the amplifying element 102 is a general FET used as an amplifying element for a mobile communication terminal or the like, the output resistance is 20 ⁇ or more. Even when a resonant circuit having a short-circuit impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 180 °) with respect to the wave, a high PAE could be obtained.
- the amplifying element 102 is a high-power FET, for example, an FET with an output of 100 W
- the output resistance of the amplifying element 102 becomes small, so that a high PAE cannot be obtained with the conventional technology.
- the gate width is generally set to about 36 mm or more.
- the output resistance value is about 2.5 ⁇
- the inductance of the parasitic inductor 403 is about 0.013 nH.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic is shown.
- the present invention focuses on a new problem that becomes a problem only when an output load circuit is provided in a high output FET having an output resistance of 10 ⁇ or less.
- the output resistance value and the inductance of the parasitic inductor at a gate width of 36 mm are examples, and the output resistance value and the inductance of the parasitic inductor differ depending on the structure and layout of the amplifying element. Therefore, the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention Is not limited to this value.
- the output load circuit for the second harmonic will be described.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient is 180 °. It is necessary to set the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic to 180 °, which is the sum of the phase rotation by the parasitic inductor 403 and the phase rotation by the output load circuit 109. That is, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second-order harmonic when viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 shown in FIG.
- phase rotation refers to phase rotation in the complex plane (Smith chart) of the reflection coefficient.
- the output terminal of the amplifying element 102 shown in FIG. 1B As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the load for the second harmonic, as viewed from the output load circuit 109 side from A, is adjusted to a short-circuit impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 180 °). The phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic is greatly shifted when the output load circuit 109 side is seen from the drain terminal B of the intrinsic portion of the amplifying element 102 shown. Therefore, in the prior art, it is far from the condition of class F operation, and a high PAE cannot be obtained.
- the load for the third harmonic is set to an open impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 0 ° or 360 °) when the output load circuit 109 side is viewed from the drain terminal B of the intrinsic part of the amplification element 102 shown in FIG. 1B.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic is changed by the phase rotation by the parasitic inductor 403, the phase rotation by the parasitic capacitance (the first parasitic capacitance 402 and the second parasitic capacitance 404), and the phase by the output load circuit 109.
- the total rotation needs to be 0 ° or 360 °.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third-order harmonic viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 shown in FIG. 1B to the output load circuit 109 side is inductive (greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °), and the parasitic inductor 403
- the load on the wave is set to an open impedance (that is, the phase of the reflection coefficient is 0 ° or 360 °).
- the phase rotation by the parasitic inductor 403 affects the drain of the intrinsic part of the amplifying element 102 shown in FIG. 1B.
- the output load circuit 109 side is viewed from the terminal B, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic is greatly shifted. Therefore, in the prior art, it is far from the condition of class F operation, and a high PAE cannot be obtained.
- the high-frequency power amplifier 400 in the present embodiment includes an amplifying element 102 that amplifies an input signal and outputs the amplified signal from the output terminal A, and an output load circuit 109 connected to the output terminal A.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the input signal is larger than 180 ° and 360 °.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic of the input signal is greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °.
- the output load circuit 109 represents the output impedance of the amplifying element 102 as an output resistor 401, a parasitic capacitance (first parasitic capacitance 402 and second parasitic capacitance 404), and a parasitic inductor 403.
- the combined impedance of the parasitic capacitance (the first parasitic capacitance 402 and the second parasitic capacitance 404), the parasitic inductor 403, and the output load circuit 109 is an even-order harmonic of the input signal (in this embodiment, 2
- the second harmonic has an impedance that becomes a short-circuit impedance and an open impedance with respect to the odd harmonic (third harmonic in the present embodiment) of the input signal.
- the load viewed from the drain terminal satisfies the class F load condition including the influence of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the FET, and a high PAE is obtained. .
- the present invention is a high-frequency power amplifier that satisfies the condition of inverse class F operation, and amplifying an element 102 that amplifies an input signal and outputs the amplified signal from the output terminal A, and an output load circuit 109 connected to the output terminal A.
- the output load circuit 109 has a phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the input signal from 0 ° when the output load circuit 109 side is viewed from the output terminal A on the basis of the output impedance of the amplifying element 102. It may be configured to have an impedance that is largely less than 180 ° and the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic of the input signal is greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °.
- the output load circuit 109 represents the output impedance of the amplifying element 102 as an output resistor 401, a parasitic capacitance (first parasitic capacitance 402 and second parasitic capacitance 404), and a parasitic inductor 403.
- the combined impedance of the parasitic capacitance (the first parasitic capacitance 402 and the second parasitic capacitance 404), the parasitic inductor 403, and the output load circuit 109 is an even-order harmonic of the input signal (in this embodiment, 2
- the second harmonic is an open impedance, and has an impedance that is a short-circuit impedance for the odd harmonic (third harmonic in the present embodiment) of the input signal.
- the load viewed from the drain terminal satisfies the reverse class F load condition including the influence of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the FET, and a high PAE is obtained. It is done.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the high-frequency power amplifier 100 according to the second embodiment.
- an amplifying element such as an FET
- the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 is amplified by the amplifying element 102 and output from the output terminal 108 via the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107.
- the output load circuit 109 includes a first series resonant circuit configured by connecting an inductor 103 as an inductive element and a capacitor 104 as a capacitive element in series, an inductor 105 as an inductive element, and a capacitor 106 as a capacitive element.
- a first series resonant circuit configured by connecting an inductor 103 as an inductive element and a capacitor 104 as a capacitive element in series, an inductor 105 as an inductive element, and a capacitor 106 as a capacitive element.
- a second series resonance circuit constituted by serial connection.
- Each of the first series resonance circuit and the second series resonance circuit has one end connected to the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 and the other end grounded.
- the first series resonance circuit and the second series resonance circuit are examples of the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit, respectively.
- the resonance frequency of the first series resonance circuit is set to a frequency higher than twice the signal frequency of the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 (the frequency of the second harmonic). Accordingly, when the load side including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to a frequency (second harmonic) twice the signal frequency. Can be greater than 180 °. That is, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic can be adjusted to be capacitive (greater than 180 ° and less than 360 °).
- the resonance frequency of the second series resonance circuit is set to a frequency lower than three times the signal frequency of the high frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 (third harmonic frequency). Accordingly, when the load side including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to a frequency (third harmonic) that is three times the signal frequency. Can be made smaller than 180 °. That is, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic can be adjusted to be inductive (greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °).
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second and third harmonics is affected not only by the output load circuit 109 but also by the output matching circuit 107.
- each resonator constituting the output load circuit 109 has a considerable influence on the signal frequency. Therefore, it is preferable to design the load and phase including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107.
- the output load circuit provided in the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention corresponds to the circuit including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 in the present embodiment, and the output load circuit is designed. That's fine.
- the amplifying element 102 is represented by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 1B, the output resistance 401 is 1.3 ⁇ , the first parasitic capacitance 402 is 8.82 pF, and the second parasitic capacitance.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic of the output load circuit 109 is 221.6 °, and the third harmonic.
- the reflection coefficient of the second harmonic is reflected.
- the influence of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the high-power amplifying element 102 can be reduced.
- the load viewed from the drain terminal B approaches the class F load condition, and a high PAE is obtained.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second and third harmonics of the impedance on the load side is output from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 based on the impedance viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 to the amplifying element 102 side.
- Phase when viewing the load side including the load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 that is, the reflection coefficient ((z) expressed using the normalized impedance z of the load normalized by the output impedance of the amplifying element 102) ⁇ 1) / (z + 1))).
- the impedance at the signal frequency when the amplification element 102 is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplification element 102 (that is, the output impedance of the amplification element 102) is 1.3 ⁇ j ⁇ 0.5 ⁇
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic when using 3-j ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ as a reference is 195 ° to 310 °
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic is 30 ° to 140 °. Is good.
- FIG. 4A shows the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic when the load side including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102, and PAE. It is the result of simulating the relationship.
- FIG. 4B shows the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic when the load side including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102, and PAE. It is the result of simulating the relationship.
- the amplifying element 102 As the amplifying element 102, an FET model using a gate width of 36 mm using GaN is used, and the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 are ideal circuits having no loss, and matching loss is considered. Absent.
- a direct current bias for driving the amplifying element 102 a gate voltage was applied from the input terminal 101, and a drain voltage / current was applied from the output terminal 108. Further, the signal frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the power (Pin) input to the amplifying element 102 is 35 dBm where the amplifying element 102 is in a saturation region. From the DC supply power (Pdc) and the output power (Pout), PAE was calculated by Equation 1.
- PAE (Pout-Pin) / Pdc (Formula 1)
- FIG. 4A shows a load including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 on the basis of the impedance viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 to the amplifying element 102 side. It is the result of simulating how the PAE changes when the phase (horizontal axis) of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic when viewed from the side is changed.
- the tertiary output load circuit is not arranged.
- 4A represents the PAE when the output load circuit 109 is not used. As can be seen from FIG. 4A, the PAE exceeds the numerical value indicated by the broken line when the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic is between 160 ° and 350 °. Furthermore, in the region where the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second harmonic is 195 ° to 310 °, the second harmonic component is effectively processed, and the PAE exceeds 65%.
- 4B shows a load including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 on the basis of the impedance viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102 to the amplifying element 102 side. It is the result of simulating how PAE changes when the phase (horizontal axis) of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic when viewed from the side is changed.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic is set to 250 °.
- FIG. 4B represents the PAE when the output load circuit 109 is not used, as in FIG. 4A.
- the third harmonic component is effectively processed in the region where the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic is 30 ° or more and 140 ° or less, and only the output load circuit is processed.
- the PAE (66.2%) in FIG. 4A which was used and adjusted to the optimum phase, it was improved by 5% or more.
- the first and second resonance circuits of the output load circuit 109 are constituted by inductors and capacitors.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and an open stub as shown in FIG. 5A is used instead of the LC series resonance circuit.
- You may comprise by the serial resonance circuit etc. of a transmission line and a capacitive element.
- the output load circuit 213 includes a first open stub 211 and a second open stub 212 that are connected to the output terminal A at one end and opened at the other end.
- the resonant frequency of the first open stub 211 is set higher than the frequency of the second harmonic
- the resonant frequency of the second open stub 212 is set lower than the frequency of the third harmonic.
- the 1st open stub 211 and the 2nd open stub 212 are comprised by transmission lines, such as a strip line or a microstrip line, for example.
- the first open stub 211 and the second open stub 212 are examples of a first resonance circuit and a second resonance circuit, respectively.
- the output load circuit 223 includes a first dielectric resonator 221 and a second dielectric resonator whose one end is connected to the output terminal A and the other end is open. 222.
- the resonance frequency of the first dielectric resonator 221 is set higher than the frequency of the second harmonic, and the resonance frequency of the second dielectric resonator 222 is set lower than the frequency of the third harmonic.
- the first dielectric resonator 221 and the second dielectric resonator 222 are examples of the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit, respectively.
- the simulation result is shown with a signal frequency of 2.45 GHz.
- the influence of the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic inductor is taken into consideration, so that the high output amplifying element is improved. Efficient operation can be realized.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the high-frequency power amplifier 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the output load circuit 306 in FIG. 6 includes a third series resonant circuit configured by connecting an inductor 302 as an inductive element and a capacitor 303 as a capacitive element in series, an inductor 304 as an inductive element, and a capacitor as a capacitive element.
- a fourth series resonance circuit configured by connecting 305 in series and a series induction element (inductor) 301 connecting the amplifier element 102 and the output matching circuit 107 are configured.
- One end of the third series resonance circuit is connected to the output terminal A of the amplifying element 102, and the other end is grounded.
- One end of the series induction element 301 is connected to the output terminal A (in other words, one end of the inductor 302).
- the fourth series resonant circuit has one end connected to the other end of the series induction element 301 and the other end grounded.
- the third series resonance circuit is an example of the first resonance circuit
- the circuit including the series induction element (inductor) 301 and the fourth series resonance circuit is an example of the second resonance circuit.
- the resonance frequency of the third series resonance circuit is set to a frequency higher than twice the signal frequency of the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 (second harmonic frequency).
- the resonance frequency when the series induction element 301 and the fourth series resonance circuit are in series resonance is lower than three times the signal frequency of the high frequency signal input from the input terminal 101 (the frequency of the third harmonic). Set to frequency.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic can be made smaller than 180 °. it can. That is, the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the third harmonic can be adjusted to be inductive (greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °).
- the phase of the reflection coefficient for the second and third harmonics is affected not only by the output load circuit 306 but also by the output matching circuit 107.
- each resonator constituting the output load circuit 306 has a considerable influence on the signal frequency. Therefore, it is preferable to design the output load circuit 306 and the output matching circuit 107 comprehensively.
- the output load circuit provided in the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention corresponds to the circuit including the output load circuit 109 and the output matching circuit 107 in the present embodiment, and the output load circuit is designed. That's fine.
- the phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to the second harmonic is set to 195 ° to 310 °.
- the load viewed from the drain terminal including the parasitic capacitance of the high-power amplifying element 102 and the influence of the parasitic inductance is F A high PAE is obtained by approaching the class load condition.
- the third and fourth series resonant circuits of the output load circuit 306 are configured by inductive elements and capacitive elements.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and an open circuit as shown in FIG. 7A is used instead of the series resonant circuit.
- Stubs third open stub 312 and fourth open stub 313), dielectric resonators (third dielectric resonator 322 and fourth dielectric resonator 323) as shown in FIG. 7B, and others
- a series resonance circuit of a transmission line and a capacitive element may be used.
- the series induction element 301 is configured with an inductor, but is not limited thereto, and may be configured with a transmission line or the like instead of the inductor.
- the output load circuit 314 includes a third open stub 312 having one end connected to the output terminal A and the other end open, and one end connected to the output terminal A. And a fourth open stub 313 having one end connected to the other end of the series induction element 311 and the other end opened.
- the resonance frequency of the third open stub 312 is set higher than the second harmonic, and the resonance frequency when the series induction element 311 and the fourth open stub 313 are in series resonance is lower than the third harmonic. Is set.
- the 3rd open stub 312 and the 4th open stub 313 are comprised by transmission lines, such as a strip line or a microstrip line, for example.
- the third open stub 312 is an example of the first resonance circuit
- the circuit including the series induction element (inductor) 311 and the fourth open stub 313 is an example of the second resonance circuit.
- the output load circuit 324 includes a third dielectric resonator 322 having one end connected to the output terminal A and the other end opened, and one end connected to the output terminal A.
- the resonance frequency of the third dielectric resonator 322 is set higher than the second harmonic, and the resonance frequency when the series induction element 321 and the fourth dielectric resonator 323 are in series resonance is the third harmonic. It is set lower than the wave.
- the third dielectric resonator 322 is an example of the first resonance circuit
- the circuit including the series induction element (inductor) 321 and the fourth dielectric resonator 323 is an example of the second resonance circuit. is there.
- the high-frequency power amplifier according to the present invention has been described based on the first to third embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- the second harmonic has been described as an example of the even harmonics, but higher harmonics such as fourth harmonics are also included in addition to the second harmonics.
- a high frequency power amplifier may be designed.
- a circuit for higher-order even-order harmonics having the same properties as those for the second-order harmonics may be added as an output load circuit.
- the third harmonic has been described as an example of the odd harmonics, but higher harmonics such as the fifth harmonic are also included in addition to the third harmonics.
- a high frequency power amplifier may be designed.
- a circuit for higher-order odd-order harmonics having the same characteristics as the characteristics for third-order harmonics may be added as an output load circuit.
- the present invention can be applied as a high-frequency power amplifier, for example, as a high-frequency power amplifier used in microwave home appliances such as mobile communication terminals and base stations, or microwave ovens.
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Abstract
Description
上記特許文献2の技術では、高周波電力増幅回路のPAEを高めるために、増幅素子であるFETのドレイン・ソース間の寄生容量を含めた形で、高周波電力増幅回路の負荷回路を設計している。
以下、本発明の実施の形態1における高周波電力増幅器について図面を参照して説明する。
次に、本発明の高周波電力増幅器のより具体的な回路構成について、実施の形態2として、図面を参照しながら説明する。
次に、本発明の高周波電力増幅器の別の具体的な回路構成について、実施の形態3として、図面を参照しながら説明する。
101 入力端子
102 増幅素子
103、105、302、304 インダクタ(誘導素子)
104、106、303、305 キャパシタ(容量素子)
107 出力整合回路
108 出力端子
109、213、223、306、314、324 出力負荷回路
211 第1のオープンスタブ
212 第2のオープンスタブ
221 第1の誘電体共振器
222 第2の誘電体共振器
301、311、321 直列誘導素子(インダクタ)
312 第3のオープンスタブ
313 第4のオープンスタブ
322 第3の誘電体共振器
323 第4の誘電体共振器
401 出力抵抗
402 第1の寄生容量
403 寄生インダクタ
404 第2の寄生容量
Claims (11)
- F級動作をする高周波電力増幅器であって、
入力信号を増幅して出力端子から出力する増幅素子と、
前記出力端子に接続された第1の共振回路および第2の共振回路を有する出力負荷回路とを備え、
前記第1の共振回路の共振周波数は、前記入力信号の2次高調波の周波数よりも高く、
前記第2の共振回路の共振周波数は、前記入力信号の3次高調波の周波数よりも低く、
前記出力負荷回路は、前記増幅素子の出力インピーダンスを基準にして、前記出力端子から前記出力負荷回路側をみたときに、前記入力信号の2次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が180°より大きく360°未満となり、かつ、前記入力信号の3次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が0°より大きく180°未満となるインピーダンスを有する
高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路と前記第2の共振回路は、それぞれ、直列接続された誘導素子と容量素子とから構成され、一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が接地された第1の直列共振回路と第2の直列共振回路である
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路と前記第2の共振回路は、それぞれ、一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が開放された第1のオープンスタブと第2のオープンスタブである
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路と前記第2の共振回路は、それぞれ、一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が開放された第1の誘電体共振器と第2の誘電体共振器である
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路は、
直列接続された誘導素子と容量素子とから構成され、一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が接地された第3の直列共振回路であり、
前記第2の共振回路は、
一端が前記出力端子と接続された直列誘導素子と、
直列接続された誘導素子と容量素子とから構成され、一端が前記直列誘導素子の他端と接続され、他端が接地された第4の直列共振回路とを有する
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路は、
一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が開放された第3のオープンスタブであり、
前記第2の共振回路は、
一端が前記出力端子と接続された直列誘導素子と、
一端が前記直列誘導素子の他端と接続され、他端が開放された第4のオープンスタブとを有する
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記第1の共振回路は、
一端が前記出力端子と接続され、他端が開放された第3の誘電体共振器であり、
前記第2の共振回路は、
一端が前記出力端子と接続された直列誘導素子と、
一端が前記直列誘導素子の他端と接続され、他端が開放された第4の誘電体共振器とを有する
請求項1記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記出力負荷回路は、前記出力端子から前記出力負荷回路側をみたときの前記2次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が195°以上310°以下であり、かつ、前記3次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が30°以上140°以下である
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記出力負荷回路は、
前記増幅素子の出力インピーダンスを、出力抵抗と、寄生容量と、寄生インダクタとで表したとき、
前記寄生容量と、前記寄生インダクタと、前記出力負荷回路との合成インピーダンスが、前記入力信号の偶数次高調波に対して、短絡インピーダンスとなり、かつ、前記入力信号の奇数次高調波に対して、開放インピーダンスとなるインピーダンスを有する
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の高周波電力増幅器。 - 逆F級動作をする高周波電力増幅器であって、
入力信号を増幅して出力端子から出力する増幅素子と、
前記出力端子に接続された第1の共振回路および第2の共振回路を有する出力負荷回路とを備え、
前記第1の共振回路の共振周波数は、前記入力信号の2次高調波の周波数よりも低く、
前記第2の共振回路の共振周波数は、前記入力信号の3次高調波の周波数よりも高く、
前記出力負荷回路は、前記増幅素子の出力インピーダンスを基準にして、前記出力端子から前記出力負荷回路側をみたときに、前記入力信号の2次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が0°より大きく180°未満となり、かつ、前記入力信号の3次高調波に対する反射係数の位相が180°より大きく360°未満となるインピーダンスを有する
高周波電力増幅器。 - 前記出力負荷回路は、
前記増幅素子の出力インピーダンスを、出力抵抗と、寄生容量と、寄生インダクタとで表したとき、
前記寄生容量と、前記寄生インダクタと、前記出力負荷回路との合成インピーダンスが、前記入力信号の偶数次高調波に対して、開放インピーダンスとなり、かつ、前記入力信号の奇数次高調波に対して、短絡インピーダンスとなるインピーダンスを有する
請求項10記載の高周波電力増幅器。
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