WO2013000332A1 - 水晶坯件自动磨抛系统及其磨抛机械、辅助机械 - Google Patents

水晶坯件自动磨抛系统及其磨抛机械、辅助机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013000332A1
WO2013000332A1 PCT/CN2012/074701 CN2012074701W WO2013000332A1 WO 2013000332 A1 WO2013000332 A1 WO 2013000332A1 CN 2012074701 W CN2012074701 W CN 2012074701W WO 2013000332 A1 WO2013000332 A1 WO 2013000332A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
station
grinding
polishing
rotating frame
crystal blank
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2012/074701
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
虞卫东
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浙江名媛工艺饰品有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江名媛工艺饰品有限公司 filed Critical 浙江名媛工艺饰品有限公司
Publication of WO2013000332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013000332A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0023—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines with a plurality of working posts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0069—Other grinding machines or devices with means for feeding the work-pieces to the grinding tool, e.g. turntables, transfer means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/005—Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/16—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of diamonds; of jewels or the like; Diamond grinders' dops; Dop holders or tongs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of grinding and polishing of crystal products, in particular to a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system for automatically grinding and polishing a crystal blank, and a multi-station grinding and polishing machine and an auxiliary machine involved in the system.
  • the existing multi-station crystal inclined surface grinding and polishing machine adopts a plurality of heads fixed with a rhinestone jig to perform multi-station processing.
  • the patent document published as CN201179615Y discloses an automatic loading and unloading rhinestone inclined surface grinding and polishing.
  • the machine including the frame, has two rotating frames side by side on the frame, and one head is arranged on each side of the rotating frame to form seven working positions, which are respectively a loading station, a front hemisphere rough grinding station and a front hemisphere polishing worker.
  • Position, docking station, rear hemisphere rough grinding station, rear hemisphere polishing station, unloading station, loading station has a rhinestone blank feeding mechanism corresponding to the machine head, and the rough grinding station is provided with
  • the corresponding disc grinding mechanism of the machine head has a disc throwing mechanism corresponding to the machine head at the polishing station, and a rhinestone semi-finished product cutting mechanism corresponding to the machine head is arranged at the unloading station, and the docking station is provided with and respectively The corresponding docking mechanism of the two rhinestone fixtures on the two rotating frames.
  • the technical scheme does not require manual intervention in the entire rhinestone bevel grinding and polishing process, and realizes full automation of the rhinestone bevel grinding and polishing process, improves the processing efficiency, reduces the labor and tooling costs, and can effectively control the product quality.
  • the inventor found that the following problems are solved: First, at the docking station, the two clamps that are docked are respectively located on the two rotating frames, so that the manufacturing precision of the machine is very high and difficult. The docking accuracy is guaranteed; the machine is large in size and difficult to manufacture and transport; the third is the limited space for the docking station, the loading station and the loading station, and the complicated design of the structure affects the processing efficiency.
  • the patent document with the publication number 101758431A discloses a fully automatic rhinestone grinding and polishing machine which adopts a robot automatic conveying jig, the jig seat is arranged at each processing station, and the water jig jig is transported by the robot to the processing station, and the robot will
  • the water drill jig and the clamp base are positioned, and after being positioned, the clamp cylinder is locked and fixed by the locking cylinder on the clamp seat, so that the clamp holder and the corresponding grinding and polishing processing mechanism of each station are independent of each other, thereby reducing the machine platform
  • the overall manufacturing accuracy requirements and at the same time ensure the precise positioning of the rhinestone fixture relative to the grinding tool, avoiding the interaction and interference between the processing mechanisms at each station.
  • the fixture is flowed on the fixture holder of each processing station, for the crystal blank on a specific fixture, in order to ensure the consistency of processing at each station, it is necessary to ensure the fixture and each work.
  • the consistency of the fixture on the fixture (including the consistency of the grinding angle, the angle of the transition surface, etc.), and the error accumulation amplification effect occurs once there is an error, which is especially important for grinding and polishing stations. Inconsistent positioning between the front and the rear, there will be a subsequent polishing process that does not polish the bevel surface processed in the previous grinding process, resulting in a large reduction in the polishing effect. Therefore, the jig of the flow in this technical solution is at each station fixture.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system, which can not only realize the automatic grinding and polishing processing of the upper and lower hemispherical slopes of the crystal blank, but also ensure the quality of grinding and polishing processing, and It can make full use of the advantages of existing models, simplify the complexity of the mechanism, and is easy to manufacture and maintain.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-station crystal grinding and polishing machine for the above-mentioned crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system, which is suitable for processing single-angle or multi-angle, single-layer or multi-layer crystal products.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary machine for the above-mentioned crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system for automatically connecting the above plurality of crystal grinding and polishing machines.
  • a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprising: a first rotating frame, at least one upper hemisphere grinding station for grinding the upper hemisphere of the crystal blank and at least one pair of crystal blanks around the first rotating frame
  • the upper hemisphere of the piece is polished in the upper hemisphere polishing station, the first rotating frame is rotatable and positionable and provided with at least two heads;
  • the second rotating frame is provided with at least one pair of crystal blanks around the second rotating frame a lower hemisphere grinding station for grinding in the lower hemisphere and at least one lower hemisphere polishing station for polishing the lower hemisphere of the crystal blank, the second rotating frame being rotatable and positionable and provided with at least two heads;
  • the loading station is provided with a loading mechanism capable of fixing the crystal blank on the fixture;
  • the docking station is provided with a docking mechanism capable of transferring the crystal blank from one fixture to the other fixture; a blanking mechanism capable of detaching the crystal blank from the jig
  • the bevel grinding and polishing of crystal blanks mainly involves loading, upper hemisphere grinding, upper hemisphere polishing, butt joint, lower hemisphere grinding, lower hemisphere polishing and blanking.
  • the conversion between the grinding process and the polishing process is realized by using the rotating frame and the machine head, because the clamp and the clamp seat are integrated with each other in the process, and there is no flow of the clamp, so the front grinding can be ensured.
  • the overall precision of the grinding and polishing process can be ensured by the manufacturing precision of the rotating frame, the machine head and the related grinding and polishing station mechanism; the grinding and polishing process is realized by the mechanical hand transfer mechanism and The conversion between the feeding process, the docking process and the blanking process, because the clamp is flowing during this process, the clamp rotation is matched with the loading station, the docking station or the fixture seat on the blanking station, so It relies on the matching precision of the fixture seat and related mechanism at each station to ensure the loading, docking and blanking.
  • the requirements of the matching precision of these processes can be slightly lower than that of the grinding and polishing process.
  • an existing device can be used, for example, a four-station rhinestone bevel grinding and polishing machine disclosed in the patent document of the inventor's publication No. CN101269472A and subsequent
  • the mechanism disclosed in the patent document is disclosed, for example, in a multi-disc multi-grain gemstone polishing device disclosed in the patent document No. CN2715913Y, and a rhinestone grinding and polishing machine disclosed in the patent document No. CN2825203Y.
  • the rotating frame may be in the form of a turntable or a bracket; the head may be mounted with a fixture or a plurality of clamps; the crystal blank may be a crystal ball blank or a diamond blank.
  • the grinding mechanism is a flat disc grinding mechanism or a roller grinding mechanism, and the polishing mechanism is a flat disc polishing mechanism or a roller polishing mechanism, and the specific structure of each mechanism can be found in the above patent document.
  • the mechanical hand transfer mechanism can be realized by picking up and lowering the jig from under the jig fixing plate, but the required mechanism action is complicated
  • the head on the first rotating frame and the head on the second rotating frame respectively comprise a clamp fixing plate, and the clamp is placed on the fixing plate of the clamp and fixed by the clamp locking mechanism, thereby ensuring the mechanical transfer
  • the mechanism of the organization is simple and reliable. How to set the fixture fixing plate on the handpiece, what specific structure the machine head can adopt, and which auxiliary mechanisms are also found can be found in the above patent documents.
  • the first rotating frame is provided with at least one upper hemisphere grinding station, at least one upper hemisphere polishing station and at least one waiting station, and the first rotating frame is provided with at least three heads;
  • the frame is provided with at least one lower hemisphere grinding station, at least one lower hemisphere polishing station and at least one waiting station, and the second rotating frame is provided with at least three handpieces. Waiting for the station to be vacant, no grinding and polishing processing, setting the waiting station can avoid the grinding and polishing processing time of the machine when the robot transfer mechanism transfers the fixture, thereby improving the processing efficiency.
  • Each station and the rotating frame and the transfer mechanism in the above technical solution can be disposed on one machine frame, but the machine table is bulky and is not conducive to manufacturing transportation. Therefore, preferably, the first rotation The frame and its upper hemisphere grinding station, the upper hemisphere polishing station and the waiting station are arranged on the same frame, the second rotating frame and its lower hemisphere grinding station, the lower hemisphere polishing station and the waiting worker The positions are set on the same rack; the loading station, the docking station, the unloading station, the first transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism are disposed on the same rack. It is divided into three machine racks to facilitate the manufacture and transportation. Of course, it can be further split.
  • the loading station, the docking station, the unloading station, the first transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism are all made into a relatively independent machine. Bench.
  • the loading station, the docking station and the unloading station can be made into an integrated machine structure, that is, one side of the docking mechanism overlaps with the loading mechanism, and the other side of the docking mechanism overlaps with the blanking mechanism, first Both the transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism are made in the form of separate machines, which are respectively located on both sides of the docking station to transfer the jig.
  • the first transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism have various specific structures, which may be in the form of a track and a robot, that is, a robot is used for picking up and lowering the jig, and the robot moves from one station to another along a fixed track, but If such a mechanism uses a single robot to circulate between stations under a single track, there is a problem of inefficiency. If multiple robots are used to transfer between two stations along their independent tracks, there is a drive. There are many problems with complicated mechanisms.
  • the first transfer mechanism includes a third rotating frame that is rotatable and positionable, and the third rotating frame is circumferentially provided with at least three robots capable of picking up and lowering the jig;
  • the second transfer mechanism includes a rotatable And a fourth rotating frame positioned, the fourth rotating frame is provided with at least three robots capable of picking up and lowering the clamp.
  • the transfer mechanism in the form of a rotating frame and a robot has the advantages of simple structural action, high reliability and high efficiency, and the structure for transferring a plurality of robots along the circular orbit is substantially the same as that of the rotating frame and the robot.
  • the patent documents disclosed in the publications CN101758433A, CN201863078U, CN201702632U can be found.
  • the motor can be rotated by a gear or a belt drive to drive the rotating frame (including circular continuous rotation or reciprocating movement within a specific angle range), in rotation A positioning turntable is fixedly arranged on the frame, a pin hole is arranged on the positioning turntable, and a positioning pin driven by the positioning cylinder is arranged on the frame, and a positioning pin is inserted into the pin hole to realize positioning when the rotating frame is rotated into position.
  • the patent documents disclosed in the publications CN101758433A, CN201863078U, and CN201833251U can be found.
  • a multi-station crystal grinding and polishing machine for a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprising a frame, the frame is rotated and provided with a rotating frame, the surrounding rotating frame is provided with at least one grinding station and at least one polishing station
  • the rotating frame can be rotated and positioned and provided with at least two heads, the grinding station is provided with a grinding mechanism, and the polishing station is provided with a polishing mechanism, the head includes a clamp fixing plate, and the clamp It is placed on the fixture fixing plate and fixed by the clamp locking mechanism.
  • the clamp locking mechanism comprises a single dovetail slot disposed on an upper portion of the clamp fixing plate and matching with the dovetail at the bottom of the clamp, and a locking block is hinged at the bottom of the clamp fixing plate, and the upper end of the locking block is fixedly locked to the cylinder, and the lock is locked.
  • the movable end of the tight cylinder is movably connected with the clamp fixing plate, and the lower end of the locking block protrudes from the lower part of the clamp fixing plate and is provided with a dovetail hook which cooperates with the single dovetail groove to lock the bottom dovetail of the clamp. Because the fixture is generally fed downward for grinding and polishing, the fixture will bear a large upward force during processing. Therefore, the fixture can be securely fixed by using the upper dovetail slot positioning reference and the lower dovetail hook locking fixture. To avoid the fixture from being detached from the fixture fixing plate during grinding and polishing, and to reduce the pressure specification requirements for the locking cylinder.
  • An auxiliary machine for a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprising a frame, the frame is provided with two rotating frames capable of rotating and positioning, and a docking station is arranged between the two rotating frames, and the docking station is arranged
  • the utility model is provided with a docking mechanism, characterized in that a first waiting station, a docking station and a loading station are respectively arranged around one of the rotating frames, and a second waiting station, a docking station and a second rotating frame are respectively arranged around the other rotating frame.
  • each of the rotating frames is provided with three robots capable of picking up and lowering the clamps, wherein the loading station is provided with a loading mechanism, and the blanking station is provided with a cutting mechanism.
  • the invention adopts the above technical schemes, can not only realize the automatic grinding and polishing processing of the upper and lower hemispherical slopes of the crystal blank, and ensures the quality of the grinding and polishing processing, and can fully utilize the advantages of the existing models and simplify the complexity of the mechanism action. Reduced failure rates are easy to manufacture and maintain. It has the advantages of fully automated processing, good grinding and polishing quality, high processing efficiency, simple program control, low failure rate, easy maintenance, low manufacturing cost and convenient transportation.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the mounting structure of the jig of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 2;
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 2.
  • a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system as shown in FIG. 1 comprises: a first rotating frame 2, and two upper ball grindings for grinding the upper hemisphere of the crystal blank around the first rotating frame 2 Stations 11, 12 and an upper hemisphere polishing station 13 for polishing the upper hemisphere of the crystal blank, a waiting station 14, the first rotating frame 2 can be rotated and positioned and provided with four heads 21;
  • the second rotating frame 7 is disposed around the second rotating frame 7 with two lower ball grinding stations 61, 62 for grinding the lower hemisphere of the crystal blank and one for polishing the lower hemisphere of the crystal blank.
  • the docking station 42 is provided with a docking mechanism capable of transferring the crystal blank from one fixture to another fixture;
  • the unloading station 43 is provided with a blanking material capable of removing the crystal blank from the fixture Mechanism; and, one capable of picking up and dropping the fixture
  • a first transfer mechanism capable of transferring between the loading station 41, the docking station 42 and the handpiece 21 on the first rotating frame 2; one capable of picking up and lowering the jig and being able to place it at the docking station 42 a second transfer mechanism for transferring between the blanking station 43 and the head 71 on the second rotating frame 7; wherein the upper hemisphere grinding stations 11, 12 and the lower hemisphere grinding stations 61, 62 A grinding mechanism is disposed on each of the upper hemisphere polishing station
  • the head 21 on the first rotating frame 2 and the head 71 on the second rotating frame 7 each include a clamp fixing plate 101, and the clamp 8 is placed on the clamp fixing.
  • the upper side of the plate 101 is fixed by a clamp locking mechanism.
  • the first rotating frame 2 and its upper hemisphere grinding stations 11, 12, the upper hemisphere polishing station 13 and the waiting station 14 are disposed on the same frame, the second rotating frame 7 and its lower hemisphere grinding
  • the cutting stations 61, 62, the lower hemisphere polishing station 63 and the waiting station 64 are disposed on the same frame; the loading station 41, the docking station 42, the blanking station 43, the first transfer mechanism and
  • the second transfer mechanism is disposed on the same rack.
  • the first transfer mechanism includes a third rotating frame 3 that is rotatable and positionable, and the third rotating frame 3 is circumferentially provided with three robots 31 capable of picking up and lowering the jig 8; the second transfer mechanism includes a rotatable and positionable The fourth rotating frame 5, the fourth rotating frame 5 is provided on the upper circumference with three robots 51 capable of picking up and lowering the jig 8.
  • the grinding mechanism is a roller grinding mechanism
  • the polishing mechanism is a roller polishing mechanism.
  • a multi-station crystal grinding and polishing machine for a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprising a frame, a rotating frame is arranged on the frame, a grinding station and a polishing station are arranged around the rotating frame, and the rotating The rack can be rotated and positioned and provided with at least two heads, the grinding station is provided with a grinding mechanism, and the polishing station is provided with a polishing mechanism, the head includes a clamp fixing plate 101, and the clamp 8 It is placed on the clamp fixing plate 101 and fixed by a clamp locking mechanism.
  • the clamp locking mechanism includes a single dovetail slot disposed on an upper portion of the clamp fixing plate 101 and matching with a dovetail at the bottom of the clamp 8.
  • the bottom of the clamp fixing plate 101 is hinged with a locking block 102, and is locked.
  • the upper end of the block 102 is fixedly locked to the cylinder 103, and the movable end of the locking cylinder 103 is movably connected with the clamp fixing plate 101.
  • the lower end of the locking block 102 protrudes from the lower portion of the clamp fixing plate 101 and is provided with the single dovetail groove. Lock the dovetail hook of the dovetail at the bottom of the clamp 8.
  • An auxiliary machine for a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprising a frame provided with two rotating frames 3, 5 capable of rotating and positioning, and a docking machine between the two rotating frames 3, 5
  • the docking station 42 is provided with a docking mechanism
  • one of the rotating racks 3 is respectively provided with a first waiting station, a docking station 42 and a loading station 41, and a second rotating bracket 5 is respectively disposed second.
  • Waiting for the station, the docking station 42 and the unloading station 43, each of the rotating frames 3, 5 is provided with three robots 31, 51 capable of picking up and lowering the jig, wherein the loading station 41 is provided with
  • the material feeding mechanism 43 has a cutting mechanism.
  • a crystal blank automatic grinding and polishing system comprises: a first rotating frame 2, and two upper ball grindings for grinding the upper hemisphere of the crystal blank around the first rotating frame 2; Stations 11, 12 and an upper hemisphere polishing station 13 for polishing the upper hemisphere of the crystal blank, a waiting station 14, the first rotating frame 2 can be rotated and positioned and provided with four heads 21;
  • the second rotating frame 7 is disposed around the second rotating frame 7 with two lower ball grinding stations 61, 62 for grinding the lower hemisphere of the crystal blank and one for polishing the lower hemisphere of the crystal blank.
  • the docking station 42 is provided with a docking mechanism capable of transferring the crystal blank from one fixture to another fixture;
  • the unloading station 43 is provided with a blanking material capable of removing the crystal blank from the fixture Mechanism; and, one capable of picking up and dropping the fixture
  • a first transfer mechanism capable of transferring between the loading station 41, the docking station 42 and the handpiece 21 on the first rotating frame 2; one capable of picking up and lowering the jig and being able to place it at the docking station 42 a second transfer mechanism for transferring between the blanking station 43 and the head 71 on the second rotating frame 7; wherein the upper hemisphere grinding stations 11, 12 and the lower hemisphere grinding stations 61, 62 A grinding mechanism is disposed on each of the upper hemisphere polishing station
  • the head 21 on the first rotating frame 2 and the head 71 on the second rotating frame 7 each include a clamp fixing plate 101, and the clamp 8 is placed on the clamp fixing.
  • the upper side of the plate 101 is fixed by a clamp locking mechanism.
  • the first rotating frame 2 and its upper hemisphere grinding stations 11, 12, the upper hemisphere polishing station 13 and the waiting station 14 are disposed on the same frame, the second rotating frame 7 and its lower hemisphere grinding
  • the cutting stations 61, 62, the lower hemisphere polishing station 63 and the waiting station 64 are disposed on the same frame; the loading station 41, the docking station 42, the blanking station 43, the first transfer mechanism and
  • the second transfer mechanism is disposed on the same rack.
  • the first transfer mechanism includes three robots capable of picking up and lowering the clamps, respectively, above the head of the first rotating frame, above the docking station, above the docking station, above the loading station, and the loading machine Three fixed rails above the head of the first revolving frame run back and forth.
  • the second transfer mechanism comprises three robots capable of picking up and lowering the clamps, respectively, above the head of the second rotating frame, above the unloading station, above the unloading station, above the docking station, and docking Three fixed rails above the head of the station to the second rotating frame run back and forth.
  • the grinding mechanism is a roller grinding mechanism
  • the polishing mechanism is a roller polishing mechanism.

Abstract

一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，包括：第一旋转架（2），上半球磨削工位（11、12）和抛光工位（13），第一旋转架（2）设有机头（21）；第二旋转架（7），下半球磨削工位（61、62）和抛光工位（63），第二旋转架（7）设有机头（71）；上料工位（41）；对接工位（42）；下料工位（43）；以及，至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在上料工位（41）、对接工位（42）以及第一旋转架（2）上的机头（21）之间进行转移的第一转移机构；至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在对接工位（42）、下料工位（43）以及第二旋转架（7）上的机头（71）之间进行转移的第二转移机构。还公开了上述系统使用的磨抛机械和辅助机械。本系统不仅可以实现水晶坯件上、下半球斜面的全自动磨抛加工，保证磨抛加工质量，而且可以充分利用现有机型优点，简化机构动作复杂程度，易于制造及维护。

Description

水晶坯件自动磨抛系统及其磨抛机械、辅助机械 技术领域
本发明涉及水晶制品磨抛加工领域，尤其涉及一种对水晶坯件进行自动化磨抛加工的水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，以及该系统涉及的多工位磨抛机和辅助机械。
背景技术
现有的多工位水晶斜面磨抛机都是采用多个固定有水钻夹具的机头旋转进行多工位加工的，例如公开号为CN201179615Y的专利文献公开了一种自动上下料水钻斜面磨抛机，包括机架，机架上并排设有两个旋转架，旋转架四面各设一机头，构成七个工位，分别为上料工位、前半球粗磨工位、前半球抛光工位、对接工位、后半球粗磨工位、后半球抛光工位、下料工位，上料工位设有与机头相对应的水钻坯料上料机构，粗磨工位上设有与机头相对应的磨盘机构，抛光工位上设有与机头相对应的抛盘机构，下料工位上设有与机头相对应的水钻半成品下料机构，对接工位上设有与分别设在两个旋转架上的两个水钻夹具相对应的对接机构。该技术方案在整个水钻斜面磨抛加工工程中不需要人工介入，实现了水钻斜面磨抛加工的全自动化，提高了加工效率，降低了人工和工装成本，可以有效控制产品质量。该技术方案在实际实施过程中，发明人发现具有以下问题：一是在对接工位上，对接的两个夹具是分别位于两个旋转架上的，这样对机器制造精度要求很高并且也难于保证对接精度；再是机台体积较大，难于制造和运输；三是对接工位、上料工位、下料工位的空间有限，结构设计复杂动作繁琐影响加工效率。
公开号为101758431A的专利文献公开了一种全自动水钻磨抛机，其采用机械手自动运送夹具，夹具座设置在各加工工位上，水钻夹具由机械手运送到加工工位上，并由机械手将水钻夹具与夹具座进行定位，定位后由夹具座上的锁紧气缸锁紧夹具并固定，这样每个工位上夹具座和相应的磨抛加工机构是相互独立的，因而可以降低对机台整体制造精度的要求并同时保证水钻夹具相对于磨具的精确定位，避免了各工位上的加工机构之间的相互影响和干扰。但是，因为夹具是在各加工工位的夹具座上进行流转的，对于一个特定夹具上的水晶坯件来说，为了保证其在各工位的加工一致性就必须要保证夹具与每个工位上夹具座的配合一致性（包括磨抛角度、转面角度等的一致性），而一旦存在误差就会出现误差累加放大效果，这一点对于磨削和抛光工位来说尤为重要，如果出现前后配合定位的不一致，就会出现后道抛光工序不是对前道磨削工序加工的斜面进行抛光加工，导致抛光效果大打折扣，所以，该技术方案中流转的夹具在每个工位夹具座上的准确定位是至关重要的，而对于现有技术和机构来说要实现夹具与各工位夹具座配合的一致性和机械自动准确定位还是相当困难的，并且存在机构动作复杂繁琐、易出故障、维护成本高等问题。同样，采用完整机台结构同样存在体积大、运输制造困难等问题。
 技术问题
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的目的之一是提供一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，不仅可以实现水晶坯件上、下半球斜面的全自动磨抛加工，保证磨抛加工质量，而且可以充分利用现有机型优点，简化机构动作复杂程度，易于制造及维护。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种用于上述水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的多工位水晶磨抛机械，适用于加工单角度或多角度、单层面或多层面的水晶制品。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种用于上述水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的辅助机械，用于自动串联上述多台水晶磨抛机械。
 技术解决方案
为了达到上述的目的，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：
一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，包括：第一旋转架，环绕第一旋转架设置有至少一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行磨削加工的上半球磨削工位和至少一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行抛光加工的上半球抛光工位，第一旋转架能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头；第二旋转架，环绕第二旋转架设置有至少一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行磨削加工的下半球磨削工位和至少一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行抛光加工的下半球抛光工位，第二旋转架能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头；上料工位，设置有能够将水晶坯件固定在夹具上的上料机构；对接工位，设置有能够将水晶坯件从一个夹具转接固定到另一个夹具上的对接机构；下料工位，设置有能够将水晶坯件从夹具上拆卸下来的下料机构；以及，至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在上料工位、对接工位以及第一旋转架上的机头之间进行转移的第一转移机构；至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在对接工位、下料工位以及第二旋转架上的机头之间进行转移的第二转移机构；其中，所述上半球磨削工位和下半球磨削工位上均设有磨削机构，所述上半球抛光工位和下半球抛光工位上均设有抛光机构。
对于水晶坯件的斜面磨抛加工主要涉及上料、上半球磨削、上半球抛光、对接、下半球磨削、下半球抛光、下料。本技术方案中：采用旋转架和机头形式实现磨削工序和抛光工序之间的转换，因为这一过程中夹具与夹具座是配合一体的，不存在夹具的流转，所以可以保证前道磨削工序和后道抛光工序的加工一致性，然而磨抛加工的整体精度则可以由旋转架、机头与相关磨抛工位机构的制造精度来保证；采用机械手式转移机构实现磨抛工序与上料工序、对接工序、下料工序之间的转换，因为这一过程中夹具是流转的，夹具轮流与上料工位、对接工位或者下料工位上的夹具座配合固定，所以可以依靠各工位上夹具座与相关机构的自身配合精度保证上料、对接、下料得以实施，当然这些工序对配合精度的要求相对于磨抛工序来说可以略低些。
对于采用旋转架和机头形式实现多工位磨抛加工的机械，可以采用现有设备，例如本发明人的公开号为CN101269472A的专利文献公开的一种四工位水钻斜面磨抛机以及后续的改进专利文献公开的机构，再例如公开号为CN2715913Y的专利文献公开的一种多盘位多粒宝石研磨装置、公开号为CN2825203Y的专利文献公开的一种水钻研磨抛光机。需要说明的是，上述旋转架可以是转盘形式，也可以支架形式；上述机头上可以安装一个夹具也可以安装多个夹具；上述水晶坯件可以为水晶球坯件，也可以是水钻坯件；上述磨削机构为平盘磨削机构或者辊式磨削机构，上述抛光机构为平盘抛光机构或者辊式抛光机构，各机构的具体结构可见于上述专利文献。
从上述专利文献中，可以知道它们的夹具是安装在夹具固定板下面的，机械手式转移机构要从夹具固定板下方拾取和放下夹具虽然也能够实现，但是所需要的机构动作会比较复杂，因此，作为优选，所述第一旋转架上的机头和第二旋转架上的机头均包括夹具固定板，夹具放置在夹具固定板上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定，这样保证了机械手式转移机构的机构动作简单可靠。对于夹具固定板是如何设置于机头上、机头可以采用何种具体结构以及还具有哪些辅助机构，可见于上述专利文献。
作为优选，环绕第一旋转架设置有至少一个上半球磨削工位、至少一个上半球抛光工位和至少一个等待工位，第一旋转架上设置有至少三个机头；环绕第二旋转架设置有至少一个下半球磨削工位、至少一个下半球抛光工位和至少一个等待工位，第二旋转架上设置有至少三个机头。等待工位为空位，不实施磨抛加工，设置等待工位可以避免机械手式转移机构转移夹具时占用机台的磨抛加工时间，从而提高加工效率。
上述技术方案中的各工位和旋转架及转移机构是可以设置在一个机台机架上的，但是这样会机台体积较大、不利于制造运输，因此，作为优选，所述第一旋转架及其上半球磨削工位、上半球抛光工位和等待工位设置在同一个机架上，所述第二旋转架及其下半球磨削工位、下半球抛光工位和等待工位设置在同一个机架上；所述上料工位、对接工位、下料工位、第一转移机构和第二转移机构设置在同一个机架上。分成三个机台机架利于制造运输，当然还可以进一步拆分，即将上料工位、对接工位、下料工位、第一转移机构和第二转移机构都做成一个相对独立的机台机架。此外，还可以将上料工位、对接工位、下料工位做成一体机结构，即对接机构的一侧与上料机构重叠，对接机构的另一侧与下料机构重叠，第一转移机构和第二转移机构都做成独立机台形式分别位于对接工位两侧以转移夹具。
上述第一转移机构和第二转移机构的具体结构有多种，可以是轨道和机械手形式，即机械手用于拾取和放下夹具，机械手沿固定的轨道从一个工位移动至另一个工位，但是，这样的机构如果采用单个机械手沿单轨道在各工位之间循环移动，就存在效率低下的问题，如果采用多个机械手分别沿其独立轨道在两个工位之间实现转移，就存在驱动机构多而动作复杂的问题。因此，作为优选，所述第一转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第三旋转架，第三旋转架上圆周设置有至少三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手；所述第二转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第四旋转架，第四旋转架上圆周设置有至少三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手。采用旋转架和机械手形式的转移机构，具有结构动作简单、运行可靠效率高等优点，对于多个机械手沿圆环轨道转移的结构，其实质上与旋转架和机械手形式相同。至于机械手的具体结构可见于公开号为CN101758433A、CN201863078U、CN201702632U的专利文献。至于上述第一至第四旋转架的转动和定位机构均可采用现有技术，即可采用电机经齿轮或者带传动驱动旋转架转动（包括环形连续旋转或特定角度范围内往复移动），在旋转架上固定设置定位转盘，定位转盘上设置销孔，机架上设置由定位气缸驱动的定位销，当旋转架转动到位时有定位销插入该销孔实现定位。至于上述对接机构、上料机构和下料机构可见于公开号为CN101758433A、CN201863078U、CN201833251U的专利文献。
一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的多工位水晶磨抛机械，包括机架，机架上转动设置有旋转架，环绕旋转架设置有至少一个磨削工位和至少一抛光工位，旋转架能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头，所述磨削工位上设有磨削机构，所述抛光工位上设有抛光机构，所述机头包括夹具固定板，夹具放置在夹具固定板上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。
作为优选，所述夹具锁紧机构包括设置在夹具固定板的上部、与夹具底部燕尾相匹配的单燕尾槽，夹具固定板底部铰接有锁紧块，锁紧块的上端固定锁紧气缸，锁紧气缸的活动端与夹具固定板活动连接，锁紧块的下端伸出夹具固定板的下部并设有与所述单燕尾槽相配合锁紧夹具底部燕尾的燕尾钩。因为夹具一般是向下进给进行磨抛加工，所以加工时夹具会承受较大的向上的作用力，所以，采用上单燕尾槽定位基准、下燕尾钩锁紧固定夹具，可以保证夹具牢固固定，避免夹具在磨抛加工时与夹具固定板脱离固定，减小对锁紧气缸的压力规格要求。
一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的辅助机械，包括机架，机架上设置有能够转动和定位的两个旋转架，两个旋转架之间设有对接工位，对接工位上设有对接机构，其特征在于，环绕其中一个旋转架分别设置有第一等待工位、对接工位和上料工位，环绕另一个旋转架分别设置有第二等待工位、对接工位和下料工位，每个旋转架上各设有三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手，其中，所述上料工位设有上料机构，所述下料工位设有下料机构。
 有益效果
本发明由于采用了以上的技术方案，不仅可以实现水晶坯件上、下半球斜面的全自动磨抛加工，保证磨抛加工质量，而且可以充分利用现有机型优点，简化机构动作复杂程度，降低故障率易于制造及维护。具有全自动化加工、磨抛质量好、加工效率高、程序控制简单、故障率低易于维护、制造成本低、方便运输等优点。
 附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是实施例1的夹具安装结构示意图；
图3是图2的局部剖视图；
图4是实施例2的结构示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
实施例1：
如图1所示的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，包括：第一旋转架2，环绕第一旋转架2设置有两个对水晶坯件的上半球进行磨削加工的上半球磨削工位11、12和一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行抛光加工的上半球抛光工位13、一个等待工位14，第一旋转架2能够转动和定位并设置有四个机头21；第二旋转架7，环绕第二旋转架7设置有两个对水晶坯件的下半球进行磨削加工的下半球磨削工位61、62和一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行抛光加工的下半球抛光工位63、一个等待工位64，第二旋转架7能够转动和定位并设置有四个机头71；上料工位41，设置有能够将水晶坯件固定在夹具上的上料机构；对接工位42，设置有能够将水晶坯件从一个夹具转接固定到另一个夹具上的对接机构；下料工位43，设置有能够将水晶坯件从夹具上拆卸下来的下料机构；以及，一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在上料工位41、对接工位42以及第一旋转架2上的机头21之间进行转移的第一转移机构；一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在对接工位42、下料工位43以及第二旋转架7上的机头71之间进行转移的第二转移机构；其中，所述上半球磨削工位11、12和下半球磨削工位61、62上均设有磨削机构，所述上半球抛光工位13和下半球抛光工位63上均设有抛光机构。
本实施例中，如图2、图3所示，所述第一旋转架2上的机头21和第二旋转架7上的机头71均包括夹具固定板101，夹具8放置在夹具固定板101上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。所述第一旋转架2及其上半球磨削工位11、12、上半球抛光工位13和等待工位14设置在同一个机架上，所述第二旋转架7及其下半球磨削工位61、62、下半球抛光工位63和等待工位64设置在同一个机架上；所述上料工位41、对接工位42、下料工位43、第一转移机构和第二转移机构设置在同一个机架上。所述第一转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第三旋转架3，第三旋转架3上圆周设置有三个能够拾取和放下夹具8的机械手31；所述第二转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第四旋转架5，第四旋转架5上圆周设置有三个能够拾取和放下夹具8的机械手51。所述磨削机构为辊式磨削机构，所述抛光机构为辊式抛光机构。
一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的多工位水晶磨抛机械，包括机架，机架上转动设置有旋转架，环绕旋转架设置有一个磨削工位和一抛光工位，旋转架能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头，所述磨削工位上设有磨削机构，所述抛光工位上设有抛光机构，所述机头包括夹具固定板101，夹具8放置在夹具固定板101上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。如图2、3所示，所述夹具锁紧机构包括设置在夹具固定板101的上部、与夹具8底部燕尾相匹配的单燕尾槽，夹具固定板101底部铰接有锁紧块102，锁紧块102的上端固定锁紧气缸103，锁紧气缸103的活动端与夹具固定板101活动连接，锁紧块102的下端伸出夹具固定板101的下部并设有与所述单燕尾槽相配合锁紧夹具8底部燕尾的燕尾钩。
一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的辅助机械，包括机架，机架上设置有能够转动和定位的两个旋转架3、5，两个旋转架3、5之间设有对接工位42，对接工位42上设有对接机构，环绕其中一个旋转架3分别设置有第一等待工位、对接工位42和上料工位41，环绕另一个旋转架5分别设置有第二等待工位、对接工位42和下料工位43，每个旋转架3、5上各设有三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手31、51，其中，所述上料工位41设有上料机构，所述下料工位43设有下料机构。
 本发明的实施方式
实施例2：
如图4所示的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，包括：第一旋转架2，环绕第一旋转架2设置有两个对水晶坯件的上半球进行磨削加工的上半球磨削工位11、12和一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行抛光加工的上半球抛光工位13、一个等待工位14，第一旋转架2能够转动和定位并设置有四个机头21；第二旋转架7，环绕第二旋转架7设置有两个对水晶坯件的下半球进行磨削加工的下半球磨削工位61、62和一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行抛光加工的下半球抛光工位63、一个等待工位64，第二旋转架7能够转动和定位并设置有四个机头71；上料工位41，设置有能够将水晶坯件固定在夹具上的上料机构；对接工位42，设置有能够将水晶坯件从一个夹具转接固定到另一个夹具上的对接机构；下料工位43，设置有能够将水晶坯件从夹具上拆卸下来的下料机构；以及，一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在上料工位41、对接工位42以及第一旋转架2上的机头21之间进行转移的第一转移机构；一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在对接工位42、下料工位43以及第二旋转架7上的机头71之间进行转移的第二转移机构；其中，所述上半球磨削工位11、12和下半球磨削工位61、62上均设有磨削机构，所述上半球抛光工位13和下半球抛光工位63上均设有抛光机构。
本实施例中，如图2、图3所示，所述第一旋转架2上的机头21和第二旋转架7上的机头71均包括夹具固定板101，夹具8放置在夹具固定板101上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。所述第一旋转架2及其上半球磨削工位11、12、上半球抛光工位13和等待工位14设置在同一个机架上，所述第二旋转架7及其下半球磨削工位61、62、下半球抛光工位63和等待工位64设置在同一个机架上；所述上料工位41、对接工位42、下料工位43、第一转移机构和第二转移机构设置在同一个机架上。所述第一转移机构包括三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手，这三个机械手分别沿第一旋转架的机头上方至对接工位上方、对接工位上方至上料工位上方、上料工位上方至第一旋转架的机头上方的三个固定轨道往返运行。所述第二转移机构包括三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手，这三个机械手分别沿第二旋转架的机头上方至下料工位上方、下料工位上方至对接工位上方、对接工位上方至第二旋转架的机头上方的三个固定轨道往返运行。所述磨削机构为辊式磨削机构，所述抛光机构为辊式抛光机构。
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Claims (10)

  1. 一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，包括：
    第一旋转架（2），环绕第一旋转架（2）设置有至少一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行磨削加工的上半球磨削工位（11、12）和至少一个对水晶坯件的上半球进行抛光加工的上半球抛光工位（13），第一旋转架（2）能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头（21）；
    第二旋转架（7），环绕第二旋转架（7）设置有至少一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行磨削加工的下半球磨削工位（61、62）和至少一个对水晶坯件的下半球进行抛光加工的下半球抛光工位（63），第二旋转架（7）能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头（71）；
    上料工位（41），设置有能够将水晶坯件固定在夹具上的上料机构；
    对接工位（42），设置有能够将水晶坯件从一个夹具转接固定到另一个夹具上的对接机构；
    下料工位（43），设置有能够将水晶坯件从夹具上拆卸下来的下料机构；
    以及，
    至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在上料工位（41）、对接工位（42）以及第一旋转架（2）上的机头（21）之间进行转移的第一转移机构；
    至少一个能够拾取和放下夹具并能够将其在对接工位（42）、下料工位（43）以及第二旋转架（7）上的机头（71）之间进行转移的第二转移机构；
    其中，所述上半球磨削工位（11、12）和下半球磨削工位（61、62）上均设有磨削机构，所述上半球抛光工位（13）和下半球抛光工位（63）上均设有抛光机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，所述第一旋转架（2）上的机头（21）和第二旋转架（7）上的机头（71）均包括夹具固定板（101），夹具（8）放置在夹具固定板（101）上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，环绕第一旋转架（2）设置有至少一个上半球磨削工位（11、12）、至少一个上半球抛光工位（13）和至少一个等待工位（14），第一旋转架（2）上设置有至少三个机头（21）；环绕第二旋转架（7）设置有至少一个下半球磨削工位（61、62）、至少一个下半球抛光工位（63）和至少一个等待工位（64），第二旋转架（7）上设置有至少三个机头（71）。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，所述第一旋转架（2）及其上半球磨削工位（11、12）、上半球抛光工位（13）和等待工位（14）设置在同一个机架上，所述第二旋转架（7）及其下半球磨削工位（61、62）、下半球抛光工位（63）和等待工位（64）设置在同一个机架上；所述上料工位（41）、对接工位（42）、下料工位（43）、第一转移机构和第二转移机构设置在同一个机架上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，所述第一转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第三旋转架（3），第三旋转架（3）上圆周设置有至少三个能够拾取和放下夹具（8）的机械手（31）；所述第二转移机构包括能够转动和定位的第四旋转架（5），第四旋转架（5）上圆周设置有至少三个能够拾取和放下夹具（8）的机械手（51）。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，所述水晶坯件为水晶球坯件或者水钻坯件。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶坯件自动磨抛系统，其特征在于，所述磨削机构为平盘磨削机构或者辊式磨削机构，所述抛光机构为平盘抛光机构或者辊式抛光机构。
  8. 一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的多工位水晶磨抛机械，包括机架，机架上转动设置有旋转架，环绕旋转架设置有至少一个磨削工位和至少一抛光工位，旋转架能够转动和定位并设置有至少两个机头，所述磨削工位上设有磨削机构，所述抛光工位上设有抛光机构，其特征在于，所述机头包括夹具固定板（101），夹具（8）放置在夹具固定板（101）上面并通过夹具锁紧机构固定。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的多工位水晶磨抛机械，其特征在于，所述夹具锁紧机构包括设置在夹具固定板（101）的上部、与夹具（8）底部燕尾相匹配的单燕尾槽，夹具固定板（101）底部铰接有锁紧块（102），锁紧块（102）的上端固定锁紧气缸（103），锁紧气缸（103）的活动端与夹具固定板（101）活动连接，锁紧块（102）的下端伸出夹具固定板（101）的下部并设有与所述单燕尾槽相配合锁紧夹具（8）底部燕尾的燕尾钩。
  10. 一种用于水晶坯件自动磨抛系统的辅助机械，包括机架，机架上设置有能够转动和定位的两个旋转架，两个旋转架之间设有对接工位，对接工位上设有对接机构，其特征在于，环绕其中一个旋转架分别设置有第一等待工位、对接工位和上料工位，环绕另一个旋转架分别设置有第二等待工位、对接工位和下料工位，每个旋转架上各设有三个能够拾取和放下夹具的机械手，其中，所述上料工位设有上料机构，所述下料工位设有下料机构。
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