WO2012176783A1 - 光測定装置、光測定方法、及び光測定プログラム - Google Patents
光測定装置、光測定方法、及び光測定プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176783A1 WO2012176783A1 PCT/JP2012/065667 JP2012065667W WO2012176783A1 WO 2012176783 A1 WO2012176783 A1 WO 2012176783A1 JP 2012065667 W JP2012065667 W JP 2012065667W WO 2012176783 A1 WO2012176783 A1 WO 2012176783A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
- G06T7/0014—Biomedical image inspection using an image reference approach
- G06T7/0016—Biomedical image inspection using an image reference approach involving temporal comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/60—Type of objects
- G06V20/69—Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
- G06V20/695—Preprocessing, e.g. image segmentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6452—Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
- G06T2207/30024—Cell structures in vitro; Tissue sections in vitro
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
- G06T2207/30072—Microarray; Biochip, DNA array; Well plate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light measurement device, a light measurement method, and a light measurement program for measuring light emitted from a cell.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for evaluating cells by performing image processing on cell images of animals and plants.
- a protrusion protruding outward from a cell body such as a nerve cell is extracted from a cell image by an image processing technique.
- a pixel having a luminance value exceeding a predetermined threshold is extracted from a plurality of pixels constituting an image as an analysis processing target.
- the temporal emission characteristics of light may vary depending on the cell type. For example, neuronal responses are characterized by time changes.
- an image including light emitted from a specific cell such as a stained cell includes a pixel that receives light having a certain luminance value, and a pixel that receives light having a luminance value that changes over time. May be included.
- a cell image in which light having a constant luminance value is emitted is distinguished from a cell image in which light having a luminance value that changes with time is emitted. I can't. Further, the image processing method described in Patent Document 1 cannot distinguish a plurality of types of cell images having different light temporal emission characteristics.
- the present invention is an optical measurement that can classify an image of a cell whose luminance value changes over time in an image including light emitted from a sample including cells such as nerve cells.
- An object is to provide an apparatus, a light measurement method, and a light measurement program.
- An optical measurement device is an optical measurement device that measures light emitted from a cell held by a sample case having a holding unit that holds a sample containing cells.
- This apparatus detects moving image data of a two-dimensional light image by detecting a two-dimensional light image of the sample case including light emitted from the sample held in the holding part of the sample case.
- analysis processing means for performing analysis processing on the moving image data.
- the analysis processing means acquires luminance value data acquisition means for acquiring luminance value data indicating a change with time in luminance values in a plurality of pixels constituting the area corresponding to the holding unit from the area corresponding to the holding unit included in the moving image data.
- a luminance value extracting means for extracting the peak value and bottom value of the luminance value from the luminance value data, and an evaluation value for evaluating the temporal change of the luminance value is calculated based on the peak value and the bottom value.
- Pixel extraction means for extracting a target pixel constituting an image of a predetermined cell from a plurality of pixels. The pixel extracting means is based on at least one of the amplitude of the luminance value obtained from the difference between the peak value and the bottom value and the rate of change of the luminance value obtained from the ratio of the peak value to the bottom value as the evaluation value. Extract pixels.
- the light measurement method is a light measurement method for measuring light emitted from a cell held by a sample case having a holding unit that holds a sample containing cells.
- This method includes a moving image acquisition step of detecting a two-dimensional light image of a sample case including light emitted from a sample held in a holding portion of the sample case and acquiring moving image data of the two-dimensional light image And an analysis processing step for performing analysis processing on the moving image data.
- the analysis processing step is a luminance value data acquisition step of acquiring luminance value data indicating a change in luminance value with time in a plurality of pixels constituting the region corresponding to the holding unit from the region corresponding to the holding unit included in the moving image data.
- a luminance value extraction step for extracting the peak value and the bottom value of the luminance value from the luminance value data, and an evaluation value for evaluating the temporal change of the luminance value is calculated based on the peak value and the bottom value.
- the light measurement program is a light measurement program for measuring light emitted from a cell held by a sample case having a holding unit that holds a sample containing cells.
- This program is used for moving image data obtained by detecting a two-dimensional light image of a sample case including light emitted from a sample held in a holding unit of the sample case, acquired by a moving image acquisition unit.
- Luminance value data acquisition means for acquiring luminance value data indicating a change in luminance value with time in a plurality of pixels constituting the region corresponding to the holding unit, from the region corresponding to the holding unit included in the moving image data, the luminance value data Luminance value extracting means for extracting the peak value and the bottom value of the luminance value from the calculation value, the evaluation value for evaluating the temporal change of the luminance value is calculated based on the peak value and the bottom value, and from a plurality of pixels based on the evaluation value It is made to function as pixel extraction means for extracting a target pixel constituting an image of a predetermined cell.
- the pixel extracting means is based on at least one of the amplitude of the luminance value obtained from the difference between the peak value and the bottom value and the rate of change of the luminance value obtained from the ratio of the peak value to the bottom value as the evaluation value. It has a function of extracting pixels.
- the two-dimensional light image of the sample case including the light emitted from the sample including the cells held in the holding part of the sample case is detected and two-dimensional The moving image data of is acquired.
- luminance value data indicating a change with time of luminance values in a plurality of pixels constituting the moving image data is acquired.
- the peak value and bottom value of the brightness value are acquired from the brightness value data. Based on one of the amplitude of the luminance value obtained by the difference between the peak value and the bottom value, and the change rate of the luminance value obtained by the ratio of the peak value to the bottom value, an image of a predetermined cell from a plurality of pixels Are extracted.
- the light measurement device, the light measurement method, or the light measurement program extracts the target pixel based on the luminance value data, so that light having a luminance value that changes with time is emitted.
- the target pixels constituting the cell image can be segmented.
- the pixel extraction unit uses the peak period, the number of peaks, the peak time defined by the time from the predetermined timing to the peak, and the bottom value to the peak value as the evaluation value.
- the target pixel may be further extracted on the basis of at least one of the peak fluctuation ranges that are the differences of.
- the light measurement apparatus uses the peak period, the number of peaks, the peak time, the rise time, the fall time, and the peak fluctuation range as parameters for extracting the target pixel. Accordingly, since the feature of the luminance value with time can be determined in detail, the target pixels constituting the image of the predetermined cell can be accurately classified.
- an analysis processing unit corrects a phase shift between a plurality of luminance value data, and calculates a corrected luminance value data subjected to phase correction, and a plurality of corrections Processing means for processing the brightness value data to calculate average brightness value data that is an average of the plurality of corrected brightness value data.
- the correcting means corrects the luminance value data of the pixel selected by the pixel extracting unit and calculates corrected luminance value data.
- the processing means averages the plurality of corrected luminance value data to calculate average luminance value data. Therefore, analysis processing with improved measurement sensitivity for light emitted from the cells can be performed.
- the analysis processing unit compares the average luminance value data with the sample luminance value data acquired in advance, and identifies the image configured by the target pixel. May further be included. According to this, the kind of image comprised by a desired cell image can be discriminate
- An optical measurement device is an optical measurement device that measures light emitted from a cell held by a sample case having a holding unit that holds a sample containing cells.
- This apparatus detects moving image data of a two-dimensional light image by detecting a two-dimensional light image of the sample case including light emitted from the sample held in the holding part of the sample case.
- analysis processing means for performing analysis processing on the moving image data.
- the analysis processing means acquires luminance value data acquisition means for acquiring luminance value data indicating a change with time in luminance values in a plurality of pixels constituting the area corresponding to the holding unit from the area corresponding to the holding unit included in the moving image data.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an embodiment of the light measurement device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the microplate.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross-sectional structure of the microplate shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the side.
- a microplate 20 may be used as an example of a sample case.
- the light measurement device 1 is a device that measures fluorescence from a sample S (see FIG. 3) placed at a measurement position P while being held by a microplate 20.
- Sample S includes predetermined cells.
- the predetermined cell include a nerve cell.
- the light measurement device, the light measurement method, and the light measurement program according to the embodiment are generally applicable to light measurement that measures light emitted from a sample, such as phosphorescence or light emission. .
- the configuration of the light measurement apparatus 1 will be described.
- the light measurement device 1 includes a data acquisition device 10, an excitation light source 30, and a data analysis device 50.
- the data acquisition device 10 includes a dark box 15 and a moving image acquisition unit 40.
- the dark box 15 accommodates therein a microplate 20 that holds cells to be subjected to fluorescence measurement.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 measures fluorescence from the sample S installed in the dark box 15 and disposed at the measurement position P.
- the bottom surface 22 of the microplate 20 is formed of a material that can transmit the excitation light for fluorescence measurement irradiated to the sample S and the fluorescence emitted from the sample S. In general, the bottom surface 22 of the microplate 20 included in the light measurement device 1 may be formed of a material that can transmit light emitted from the sample S to be measured.
- a microplate 20 is installed in the dark box 15.
- the microplate 20 is held by a microplate holder 11 having an opening for fluorescence observation.
- the dark box 15 is provided with a microplate transport mechanism 12.
- the microplate transport mechanism 12 transports the holder 11 holding the microplate 20 in a predetermined direction in the dark box 15.
- the predetermined direction is a direction from the right side to the left side in FIG.
- the carry-in side microplate stocker 13 is installed on one side 15 a of the dark box 15 which is the carry-in side with respect to the transport direction of the microplate 20.
- the carry-in side microplate stocker 13 stocks a predetermined number (for example, 25) of the microplate 20 before measurement on which the sample S is held.
- the carry-out side microplate stocker 14 is installed on the other side 15b of the dark box 15 which is on the carryout side with respect to the conveyance direction of the microplate 20.
- the carry-out side microplate stocker 14 stocks the microplate 20 after the measurement.
- the microplate 20 carried into the dark box 15 from the carry-in microplate stocker 13 is held by the microplate holder 11 and carried by the carrying mechanism 12.
- the microplate 20 is temporarily stopped at the measurement position P, and in this state, necessary light measurement is performed on the sample S held by the microplate 20.
- the microplate 20 is again transported by the transport mechanism 12 and unloaded to the unloading side microplate stocker 14.
- FIG. 1 illustration of specific configurations in the transport mechanism 12 and the stockers 13 and 14 for loading, transporting, and unloading the microplate 20 is omitted.
- the dispensing device 16 is installed above the measurement position P.
- the dispensing device 16 injects a reagent or the like into the well 21 of the microplate 20.
- the measurement position P is a position where the microplate 20 and the sample S held on the microplate 20 are arranged when the fluorescence measurement is performed.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 is installed below the measurement position P. The moving image acquisition unit 40 detects fluorescence emitted from the sample S accommodated in the well 21 through the bottom surface 22 of the microplate 20.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 is a moving image acquisition unit that acquires moving image data of a two-dimensional light image.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 detects a two-dimensional light image including light images from the plurality of wells 21 of the microplate 20. This two-dimensional light image includes light emitted from the sample S held in the well 21 of the microplate 20.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 has a two-dimensional pixel structure in which a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged, and acquires a fluorescence image that is a two-dimensional photodetection image by fluorescence emitted from the sample S.
- It has a possible imaging device 45.
- the imaging device 45 for example, a highly sensitive CCD camera or CMOS image camera can be used.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 may include an image intensifier tube, a relay lens, and the like that are arranged in front of the imaging device 45.
- the light guide optical system 41 is installed between the measurement position P where the microplate 20 is arranged and the imaging device 45.
- the light guide optical system 41 is an optical system that guides a two-dimensional light image obtained by viewing the microplate 20 from the bottom surface 22 side to the imaging device 45. In the microplate 20, the sample S is held in each of the plurality of wells 21.
- the light guide optical system 41 can be appropriately configured by an optical element capable of realizing necessary functions (for example, a condensing function, a light image reduction function, etc.) according to the configurations of the microplate 20 and the imaging device 45.
- Such a light guide optical system 41 may be an optical element having an optical reduction function that provides a resolution of one pixel or more per cell, and includes, for example, a tapered fiber (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-188044).
- the optical filter unit 42 is installed between the light guide optical system 41 and the imaging device 45.
- the optical filter unit 42 performs arrangement, switching, and the like of the optical filter on the fluorescent light guide optical path as necessary. However, such an optical filter unit 42 may not be provided if unnecessary.
- the light measuring device 1 has an excitation light source 30.
- the excitation light source 30 is excitation light supply means for supplying the sample S with excitation light for fluorescence measurement.
- the excitation light source 30 can be appropriately configured according to the type of sample S to be subjected to fluorescence measurement, the wavelength of excitation light irradiated on the sample S, and the like.
- the excitation light source 30 can be configured by, for example, an illumination light source that supplies light and an optical filter unit that performs selection and switching of the wavelength of the excitation light.
- the light measurement device 1 may be configured without the excitation light source 30.
- the excitation light source 30 is disposed outside the dark box 15 and connected to a light guide optical system 41 via an excitation light supply light guide 31.
- Excitation light supplied from the excitation light source 30 is applied to the sample S via the excitation light supply light guide 31 and the light guide optical system 41.
- the light guide optical system 41 can guide the two-dimensional light image from the microplate 20 and the sample S to the imaging device 45 and guide the excitation light from the excitation light source 30 to the sample S.
- It is a simple optical system.
- Such an optical system can be configured using, for example, a dichroic mirror that allows the fluorescence from the microplate 20 to pass and reflects the excitation light from the excitation light source 30.
- the optical paths of fluorescence and excitation light in the light guide optical system 41 are schematically shown by solid lines and broken lines, respectively.
- the light measurement device 1 has a data analysis device 50.
- the data analysis device 50 is an analysis processing unit that performs analysis processing on moving image data including a photodetection image acquired by the moving image acquisition unit 40.
- the data analysis device 50 controls the fluorescence measurement on the sample S in the light measurement device 1 by controlling the operation of each part of the data acquisition device 10 and the excitation light source 30.
- Connected to the data analysis device 50 are a display device 61 that displays measurement results and the like, and an input device 62 that is used for inputting data and instructions necessary for fluorescence measurement.
- the sample S is irradiated with excitation light for fluorescence measurement.
- This excitation light is supplied from the excitation light source 30 via the light guide 31 and the light guide optical system 41.
- the sample S is held in the well 21 of the microplate 20 and is disposed at the measurement position P in the dark box 15.
- the two-dimensional light image including fluorescence emitted from the sample S is guided to the imaging device 45 via the light guide optical system 41, and the moving image data of the two-dimensional light image at a predetermined frame rate by the imaging device 45. Is acquired.
- the moving image data including the fluorescent image acquired by the moving image acquisition unit 40 is sent to the data analysis device 50.
- the data analysis device 50 extracts a target pixel constituting an image of a nerve cell from the input moving image data, and performs analysis processing necessary for evaluation and the like.
- the sample case is not limited to the microplate described above.
- the plurality of samples S may be held in a dish such as a petri dish as a sample case.
- the light measurement device 1 may have a device configuration for observing a sample held in a petri dish via a microscope.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the data analysis device included in the light measurement device 1 according to an embodiment.
- the data analysis device 50 acquires luminance value data for each pixel from the moving image data, extracts a target pixel constituting an image of a nerve cell to be analyzed based on the luminance value data, and extracts the target pixel.
- This moving image data is obtained by converting an image obtained by photographing the microplate 20 including light emitted from the sample S held in the well 21 to digital data.
- the moving image data may be input to the data analysis device 50 via a communication network, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a DVD, or a semiconductor memory.
- the data analysis apparatus 50 includes an analysis processing unit 51, a threshold recording unit 54, and a sample luminance value data recording unit 55 as functional components.
- the data analysis device 50 is connected to the data acquisition device 10, the display device 61, and the input device 62.
- the analysis processing unit 51 includes an extraction unit 52 and a data processing unit 53 as functional components.
- the analysis processing unit 51 extracts target pixels constituting an image of a cell such as a nerve cell to be analyzed from the moving image data acquired by the moving image acquisition unit 40.
- the analysis processing unit 51 performs an analysis process using the luminance value data of the target pixel as analysis data.
- the extraction unit 52 includes a luminance value data acquisition unit (luminance value data acquisition unit) 52a, a luminance value extraction unit (luminance value extraction unit) 52b, and a pixel extraction unit (pixel extraction unit) 52c.
- the extraction unit 52 extracts a target pixel that constitutes an image of a cell such as a nerve cell that is actually a target of analysis processing from the measurement region corresponding to the well 21.
- the target pixel is extracted based on the feature value indicating the waveform feature of the luminance value data. Examples of the feature value include a peak value, a bottom value, a rate of change at the time of Ratio calculation, a frequency, a period, an interval between peak values, a rising speed, a falling speed, an integral value, and the like. In the present embodiment, a case where the feature value is a peak value and a bottom value will be described.
- the extraction unit 52 is connected to the data processing unit 53.
- the extraction unit 52 is connected to the threshold recording unit 54.
- the threshold recording unit 54 records thresholds related to various evaluation values used when extracting the target pixel. Examples of the threshold include a peak value threshold, an amplitude threshold, and a change rate threshold.
- the threshold recording unit 54 is configured to be referred to from the extraction unit 52.
- the luminance value data acquisition unit 52a acquires luminance value data from the moving image data input from the moving image acquisition unit 40. That is, the luminance value data acquisition unit 52a acquires luminance value data for each pixel in the measurement area of the moving image data input from the data acquisition device 10. The luminance value data indicates a change with time of the luminance value of the pixel. The luminance value data acquired by the luminance value data acquisition unit 52a is output to the luminance value extraction unit 52b.
- the luminance value extraction unit 52b extracts the peak value and the bottom value from the luminance value data of the pixels input by the luminance value data acquisition unit 52a.
- the peak value and the bottom value are output to the pixel extraction unit 52c.
- the pixel extraction unit 52c extracts a target pixel constituting an image of a nerve cell based on the peak value and the bottom value input from the luminance value extraction unit 52b. Information on the target pixel is output to the data processing unit 53. A method of extracting the target pixel will be described in detail later.
- the data processing unit (data processing unit) 53 includes a phase correction unit (correction unit) 53a, a luminance value data processing unit (processing unit) 53b, and a luminance value data identification unit (identification unit) 53c.
- the data processing unit 53 refers to the target pixel extracted by the extraction unit 52, and performs analysis processing on the target pixel constituting the nerve cell image using the luminance value data of the target pixel as analysis data.
- the data processing unit 53 is connected to the extraction unit 52. Further, the data processing unit 53 is connected to the sample luminance value data recording unit 55.
- the phase correction unit 53a corrects the timing of changing from the bottom value to the peak value in order to align the phases of the luminance value data for each pixel in the luminance value data of the extracted target pixel.
- the phase correction unit 53a corrects the phase of each luminance value data based on the rise time and the peak time.
- the luminance value data corrected by the phase correction unit 53a is output to the luminance value data processing unit 53b.
- the luminance value data processing unit 53b calculates the average of the corrected luminance value data phase-corrected by the phase correcting unit 53a.
- the average luminance value data calculated by the luminance value data processing unit 53b is output to the display device 61 or the luminance value data identification unit 53c.
- the luminance value data identification unit 53c identifies an image constituted by the target pixel. This identification is performed using the average luminance value data calculated by the luminance value data processing unit 53b and the sample luminance value data recorded in the sample luminance value data recording unit 55.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining main steps of the light measurement method according to the embodiment.
- Process S10 is executed by the moving image acquisition unit 40 of the data acquisition device 10.
- step S10 moving image data of a two-dimensional light image is acquired (moving image acquisition step).
- This two-dimensional light image is an image of a microplate containing light from the sample S containing cells held in the well 21 of the microplate 20.
- the moving image data is a collection of two-dimensional image data in which two-dimensional image data detected at a predetermined time interval is arranged with time. With this moving image data, it is possible to extract temporal changes in the luminance value of each pixel.
- a two-dimensional image of the microplate 20 is detected by the imaging device 45 of the moving image acquisition unit 40 to acquire moving image data.
- the microplate 20 holds a sample S containing cells in a well 21.
- the moving image data is acquired only for a preset time.
- the set time is the time from when the luminance value changes to when the luminance value changes from the bottom value to the peak value and then back to the bottom value. That is, the set time may be a time at which a waveform for at least one cycle can be confirmed, and may be, for example, 10 seconds or more. Further, the set time may be set longer than the time when the waveform for one period is confirmed, and may be a time when a plurality of waveforms can be confirmed.
- the acquired moving image data is input from the data acquisition device 10 to the data analysis device 50.
- Process S11 is executed by the data analysis device 50.
- analysis processing is performed on the moving image data acquired by the data acquisition device 10 in step S10 (analysis processing step).
- Step S11 includes a step of extracting a target pixel to be analyzed (extraction step) and a step of performing analysis processing on the target pixel (data processing step).
- Process S20 is executed by the extraction unit 52 of the data analysis device 50.
- step S20 a target pixel that is a target of the analysis region is extracted based on the luminance value data in the pixels of the moving image data acquired in step S10.
- Step S20 includes luminance value data acquisition step S21, luminance value extraction step S22, and pixel extraction step S23.
- luminance value data acquisition step S21 luminance value data for each pixel is acquired.
- the peak value and the bottom value are acquired from the luminance value data of each pixel as an example of the feature of the luminance value data.
- the target pixel is extracted based on the peak value and the bottom value.
- Step S21 is executed by the luminance value data acquisition unit 52a.
- step S21 luminance value data for each pixel is acquired.
- Step S22 is executed by the luminance value extraction unit 52b.
- a peak value and a bottom value are extracted from the luminance value data acquired in step S21. At least one peak value is extracted from the change over time of the luminance value data in one pixel. Similarly, at least one bottom value is extracted from the change over time of luminance value data in one pixel.
- Step S23 is executed by the pixel extraction unit 52c.
- the target pixel is extracted based on the peak value and the bottom value acquired in step S22.
- an evaluation value for evaluating the state of change in luminance value is calculated.
- the evaluation value either the amplitude of the luminance value or the change rate (ratio value) of the luminance value is used.
- the peak value is the absolute value L of the peak that appears in the luminance value data.
- the bottom value is the absolute value B of the bottom that appears in the luminance value data.
- background luminance value data acquired in advance may be used.
- the amplitude of the luminance value is a difference (LB) between the peak value and the bottom value.
- the change rate of the luminance value is the ratio (L / B) of the peak value to the bottom value.
- the evaluation value only the amplitude of the luminance value may be used, or only the change rate of the luminance value may be used. Further, both the amplitude of the luminance value and the change rate of the luminance value may be used as the evaluation value.
- both the luminance value amplitude and the luminance value change rate are used as evaluation values, after extracting pixels using the luminance value amplitude, further extraction is performed using the luminance value change rate from the extracted pixels. Also good. After extracting a pixel using the change rate of the luminance value, the pixel may be further extracted from the extracted pixel using the amplitude of the luminance value.
- the peak period is a period when a peak equal to or higher than a threshold is repeated.
- the number of peaks refers to the number of times that a peak equal to or greater than a threshold appears.
- the peak time refers to a time from reaching a peak from a predetermined timing such as a timing of medication.
- the rise time is the time from the bottom value to the peak value.
- the fall time is the time until the peak value returns to the bottom value.
- the peak fluctuation range is a time difference between a peak time in one pixel and a peak time in another pixel adjacent to the one pixel.
- evaluation values can be used in combination with at least one of the amplitude of the luminance value and the change rate of the luminance value. You can select one from peak period, number of peaks, peak time, rise time, fall time, and peak fluctuation range and use it in combination as an evaluation value, or select multiple and use them in combination as an evaluation value Also good.
- the order in which the evaluation values are applied is not particularly limited, and can be applied in a desired order.
- Extraction in one embodiment includes a case where a desired cell image is selected from moving image data and a case where different types of cell images included in the moving image data are classified by type.
- a desired cell image can be selected by using a combination of a plurality of evaluation values.
- the luminance value data of a desired cell image can be specified by, for example, the amplitude of a predetermined luminance value and a predetermined peak time, a pixel is extracted using these evaluation values, so that a desired image is obtained from the moving image data Cell images can be sorted out.
- At least one evaluation value can be classified for each type by setting a plurality of threshold values.
- threshold values of X1 and X2 are set for the amplitude of the luminance value. It is assumed that the threshold value X1 is larger than the threshold value X2. In this case, it can be classified into a group in which the amplitude of the luminance value is X1 or more, a group in which the amplitude of the luminance value is X2 or more and less than X1, and a group in which the amplitude of the luminance value is less than X2.
- Process S30 is executed by the data processing unit 53.
- an analysis process is performed on the target pixel constituting the image of the nerve cell extracted in step S20.
- Step S30 includes a correction step S31, a processing step S32, and an identification step S33.
- corrected luminance value data obtained by correcting the phase of the luminance value data of the pixel in the analysis region is calculated.
- process step S32 average brightness value data is calculated based on the corrected brightness value data.
- an image constituted by the target pixel is identified by comparing the average luminance value data with the sample luminance value data acquired in advance.
- Step S31 is executed by the phase correction unit 53a.
- the timing for changing from the bottom value to the peak value is corrected.
- Changes in luminance values radiated from cells over time may vary in the way the stimulus is transmitted depending on the position of the cells and the dosage, and therefore there may be a shift in the timing at which the reaction appears.
- the timing at which a reaction appears in a pixel constituting a neuron image located at a position away from the center of the stimulus is later than the timing at which a reaction appears in a pixel constituting a neuron image located at a position close to the center of the stimulus. .
- step S31 may be omitted.
- Step S32 is executed by the luminance value data processing unit 53b.
- luminance value data is averaged based on the corrected luminance value data.
- average luminance value data is calculated.
- the average luminance value data is data obtained by averaging the extracted luminance value data of the target pixel for each two-dimensional image data. Thereby, the average luminance of the light emitted from the cells at a specific time can be calculated. Since the average luminance value data at each time is calculated using the corrected luminance value data phase-corrected in step S31, the measurement sensitivity can be improved.
- average luminance data obtained by averaging the luminance value data of the target pixel may be calculated for each area of the nerve cell formed by the target pixel.
- Step S33 is executed by the luminance value data identification unit 53c.
- the type of image constituted by the target pixel is identified using the sample luminance value data.
- This identification process is executed by comparing the average luminance value data calculated in step S32 with the sample luminance value data acquired in advance and recorded in the sample luminance value data recording unit 55. For example, when the average luminance value data is included in the tolerance range set for the sample luminance value data, the cell image having the average luminance value data is a specific cell represented by the sample luminance value data. Identified.
- the sample luminance value data may be identified using an evaluation value that can be specified.
- the light measurement program according to an embodiment is provided by being stored in a recording medium.
- the recording medium include a recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk, CD-ROM, DVD, or ROM, or a semiconductor memory.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of a computer for executing a program recorded on a recording medium.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of a computer for executing a program recorded on a recording medium.
- the computer includes various data processing devices such as a server device that includes a CPU and performs processing and control by software, and a personal computer.
- a computer 70 includes a reading device 72 such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk drive device, a CD-ROM drive device, a DVD drive device, and a working memory (RAM) 73 in which an operating system is resident. , A memory 74 for storing a program stored in the recording medium 71, a display device 75 such as a display, a mouse 76 and a keyboard 77 as input devices, a communication device 78 for transmitting and receiving data, and the execution of the program And a CPU 79 for controlling the above.
- the computer 70 can access the light measurement program stored in the recording medium 71 from the reading device 72, and the light measurement program according to the present embodiment is used by the light measurement program. It becomes possible to operate as 1.
- the light measurement program may be provided via a network as a computer data signal 79 superimposed on a carrier wave.
- the computer 70 can store the light measurement program received by the communication device 78 in the memory 74 and execute the light measurement program.
- a two-dimensional light image of the microplate 20 is detected and two-dimensional moving image data is acquired (S10).
- This two-dimensional light image includes cells held in the well 21 of the microplate 20.
- the luminance value data indicating the temporal change of the luminance value in the plurality of pixels constituting the moving image data is acquired (S21).
- the peak value and the bottom value of the brightness value are acquired from the brightness value data (S22).
- an image of a neuron from a plurality of pixels is obtained.
- a target pixel to be configured is extracted (S23). As described above, since the luminance value amplitude and the luminance value change rate based on the luminance value change with time are used, the pixels constituting the image of the nerve cell from which light having the luminance value changing with time is emitted. Can be classified.
- the evaluation value is defined by the peak period, the number of peaks, the peak time defined by the time from the predetermined timing to the peak, and the rise defined by the time from the bottom value to the peak value.
- the peak fluctuation range which is the difference between the peak time at one pixel and the peak time at another pixel adjacent to one pixel, and the falling time defined by the time from the peak value to the bottom value, and the peak time at one pixel Contains.
- the pixel extraction unit 52c extracts the target pixel based on at least one of the peak period, the number of peaks, the peak time, the rising time, the falling time, and the peak fluctuation range.
- the peak period is used as the evaluation value
- classification based on the oscillation period of cells that undergo oscillation for example, changes in Ca ions in nerves and muscles
- classification based on the period change after drug effect are possible.
- classification based on the number of times of oscillation of the cell and classification based on the number of times of oscillation after the drug effect are possible.
- classification based on the arrival time (speed) to the peak value is possible as the effect of the medicinal effect response.
- the fall time is used as the evaluation value, it is possible to classify cells that return poorly due to damage after medicinal effect.
- the light measurement apparatus 1 includes a phase correction unit 53a that calculates corrected luminance value data by correcting a phase shift between a plurality of luminance value data after the analysis processing unit 51 extracts a target pixel, and a plurality of corrections. And a luminance value data processing unit 53b that calculates the average luminance value data by averaging the luminance value data every time. According to this, the luminance value data of the pixel extracted by the pixel extraction unit 52c is corrected to calculate corrected luminance value data (S31). Then, the average brightness value data is calculated by averaging the plurality of corrected brightness value data (S32). Therefore, analysis processing with improved measurement sensitivity for light emitted from the cells can be performed.
- a phase correction unit 53a that calculates corrected luminance value data by correcting a phase shift between a plurality of luminance value data after the analysis processing unit 51 extracts a target pixel, and a plurality of corrections.
- a luminance value data processing unit 53b that calculates the average luminance value data by
- the light measurement apparatus 1 further includes a luminance value data identification unit 53c in which the analysis processing unit 51 compares the average luminance value data with the sample luminance value data acquired in advance to identify an image constituted by the target pixel. May be included. According to this, the kind of image comprised by a desired cell image can be discriminate
- FIG. 8A shows the result of executing step S21 (luminance value data acquisition step).
- Each of the plurality of pixels C1 to C6 has luminance value data shown in the graphs G1 to G6.
- a process of dividing the pixel C1 having the luminance value data G1 will be described as an example.
- the number of peaks, the amplitude of the luminance value, the peak time, and the fall time are used.
- the threshold of the number of peaks is 1 or more and less than 2.
- the threshold value of the amplitude of the luminance value is not less than a predetermined amplitude threshold value.
- the peak time threshold is ts or less.
- the fall time threshold is ds or less.
- the peak values P1 to P6 and the bottom values B1 to B6 are acquired from the luminance value data G1 to G6 (S22). Subsequently, pixels are extracted by applying the number of peaks as an evaluation value.
- the threshold used here is '1 or more and less than 2'.
- the peak number of the luminance value data G1, G3, G5, G6 is “1”
- the peak number of the luminance value data G2 is “0”
- the peak number of the luminance value data G4 is '2'.
- the luminance value data G1, G3, G5, G6 among the luminance value data G1 to G6 satisfying the threshold value “1 or more and less than 2” are the pixel value C1 as shown in FIG. 8B. , C3, C5, C6 are extracted.
- the pixel is extracted by applying the amplitude of the luminance value as the evaluation value.
- the amplitude of the luminance value is calculated using the peak values P1, P3, P5, and P6 and the bottom values B1, B3, B5, and B6 of the extracted pixels C1, C3, C5, and C6.
- the luminance value data G1, G5, and G6 satisfying the threshold among the luminance value amplitudes calculated from the luminance value data G1, G3, G5, and G6 are the luminance value data G1, G5, and G6, as shown in FIG. Pixels C1, C5, and C6 are extracted.
- pixels are extracted by applying the peak time as an evaluation value.
- the peak times ⁇ t1, ⁇ t5, ⁇ t6 of the extracted pixels C1, C5, C6 are acquired.
- the threshold value used here is “below ts”. For this reason, the luminance value data G1, G6 satisfy the threshold value among the luminance value data G1, G5, G6. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8D, the pixels C1 and C6 are extracted as target pixels.
- the pixel is extracted by applying the fall time as an evaluation value.
- the fall times d1 and d2 of the extracted pixels C1 and C6 are acquired.
- the threshold used here is 'below ds'.
- the luminance value data G1 satisfies the threshold value among the luminance value data G1 and G6. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 8E, the pixel C1 is extracted as a pixel constituting an image of a predetermined cell. In this way, a plurality of pixels having the luminance value data G1 are segmented from the moving image data.
- Example 1 The method of Example 1 described above can be used for, for example, cell oscillation analysis with calcium ions.
- the luminance value data of all the pixels constituting the image of the well 21 is acquired.
- pixels having predetermined luminance value data are extracted from the luminance value data.
- an averaging process is performed on the extracted luminance value data.
- each well 21 is displayed on the display device 61.
- Example 1 The method of Example 1 described above can be used for identification of cell images, for example.
- predetermined cells in the well 21 are stained.
- the moving image acquisition unit 40 switches the wavelength of light to be observed to acquire moving image data.
- luminance value data of all the pixels constituting the image of the well 21 is acquired.
- pixels constituting an image of a cell stained with a predetermined staining reagent are extracted using the method as described in the first embodiment.
- an averaging process is performed on the luminance value data of the extracted pixels.
- the luminance value data subjected to the averaging process is identified using the standard luminance value data. Thereby, the cell image can be identified.
- FIG. 9A shows the result of executing step S21 (luminance value data acquisition step) after executing step S10 (moving image acquisition step).
- Each of the plurality of pixels C7 to C14 has luminance value data shown in the graphs G7 to G14.
- a process of classifying a plurality of pixels C7 to C14 for each luminance value data satisfying a predetermined condition will be described.
- a plurality of pixels are classified into three groups using the amplitude of the luminance value as the evaluation value. Therefore, two amplitude threshold values v0 and v1 are used.
- the amplitude threshold v1 is larger than the amplitude threshold v0. According to this, a group of pixels whose luminance value amplitude is v1 or more, a group of pixels whose luminance value amplitude is less than v1 and v0 or more, and a group of pixels whose luminance value amplitude is less than v0 are divided. be able to.
- the peak values P7 to P14 and the bottom values B7 to B14 are obtained from the luminance value data G7 to G14. Then, the amplitude of the luminance value is calculated from the peak values P7 to P14 and the bottom values B7 to B14.
- pixels C7, C9, and C12 are extracted as pixels whose luminance value amplitude is v1 or more.
- C8 and C14 are extracted as pixels whose luminance value amplitude is less than v1 and greater than or equal to v0.
- C11 and C13 are extracted as pixels whose luminance value amplitude is less than v0. In this way, the plurality of pixels C7 to C14 can be divided into three groups.
- the luminance value data belonging to the same group is subjected to phase correction between the pixels C7, C9 and C12 in step S31 (correction step). Similarly, the phase is corrected between the pixels C8 and C14. Further, the phase is corrected between the pixels C11 and C13. Then, as shown in FIG. 9C, the corrected luminance value data is synthesized in step S32 (data processing step). Thereafter, the corrected luminance value data G7, G9, and G12 are combined to calculate average luminance value data G15. The corrected luminance value data G8 and G14 are combined to calculate average luminance value data G16. The corrected luminance value data G11 and G13 are combined to calculate average luminance value data G17.
- the synthesized luminance value data G15, G16, and G17 are displayed on the display device 61.
- the phase correction is performed after the plurality of pixels C7 to C14 are divided into three groups. However, the phase correction may be performed before the division into three groups.
- the method of classifying a plurality of pixels as in Example 2 described above can be used for functional analysis of nerve cells using calcium ions, for example.
- the luminance value data is classified using a predetermined classification condition.
- Subsequently, averaging processing is performed on the luminance value data classified into the same group. And it displays on the display apparatus 61 for every extraction condition.
- the nerve cell is described as an example of the predetermined cell, but the predetermined cell may be a cell different from the nerve cell.
- the predetermined cell may be epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, blood cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, organ cells, cell lines may be used.
- the light measurement device in an image including light emitted from a sample including nerve cells or the like, pixels constituting an image of a cell whose luminance value changes with time are classified. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
この二次元光像は、マイクロプレート20のウェル21内に保持された細胞を含んでいる。次に、動画像データを構成する複数の画素における輝度値の経時変化を示す輝度値データを取得する(S21)。続いて、輝度値データから輝度値のピーク値とボトム値とを取得する(S22)。ピーク値とボトム値との差分により得られる輝度値の振幅、及びボトム値に対するピーク値の比率により得られる輝度値の変化率の何れか一方に基づいて、複数の画素中から神経細胞の像を構成する対象画素を抽出する(S23)。このように、輝度値の経時変化に基づく輝度値の振幅及び輝度値の変化率を用いているので、経時的に変化する輝度値を有する光が放出されている神経細胞の像を構成する画素を区分けすることができる。
動画像データを構成する複数の画素から、所定の輝度値データを有する画素を選別する工程を具体的に説明する。図8(a)は、工程S21(輝度値データ取得ステップ)を実行した結果を示す。複数の画素C1~C6のそれぞれは、グラフG1~G6に示された輝度値データを有する。本実施例1では、輝度値データG1を有する画素C1を区分けする過程を例に説明する。
動画像データを構成する複数の画素を所定の分類条件により区分けし、分類した輝度値データを表示させる工程を具体的に説明する。図9(a)は、工程S10(動画像取得ステップ)を実行した後に、工程S21(輝度値データ取得ステップ)を実行した結果を示す。複数の画素C7~C14のそれぞれは、グラフG7~G14に示された輝度値データを有する。本実施例2では、所定条件を満たす輝度値データごとに複数の画素C7~C14を分類する過程を説明する。ここでは、評価値として輝度値の振幅を用いて複数の画素を3つのグループに分類する。そのため、2つの振幅閾値v0,v1が用いられる。振幅閾値v1は振幅閾値v0よりも大きいとする。これによれば、輝度値の振幅がv1以上である画素のグループと、輝度値の振幅がv1未満v0以上である画素のグループと、輝度値の振幅がv0未満である画素のグループに区分けすることができる。
Claims (7)
- 細胞を含む試料を保持する保持部を有する試料ケースによって保持された前記細胞から放出された光を測定する光測定装置であって、
前記試料ケースの前記保持部の内部に保持された前記試料から放出された光を含む前記試料ケースの二次元光像を検出して、前記二次元光像の動画像データを取得する動画像取得手段と、
前記動画像データに対して解析処理を行う解析処理手段と、
を備え、
前記解析処理手段は、
前記動画像データに含まれる前記保持部に対応する領域から、前記保持部に対応する領域を構成する複数の画素における輝度値の経時変化を示す輝度値データを取得する輝度値データ取得手段と、
前記輝度値データから前記輝度値のピーク値とボトム値とを抽出する輝度値抽出手段と、
前記輝度値の経時変化を評価する評価値を前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値とに基づいて計算し、前記評価値に基づいて前記複数の画素から所定の前記細胞の像を構成する対象画素を抽出する画素抽出手段と、
を含み、
前記画素抽出手段は、前記評価値として、前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値との差分により得られる輝度値の振幅、及び前記ボトム値に対する前記ピーク値の比率により得られる輝度値の変化率のうち少なくとも一つに基づいて前記対象画素を抽出する光測定装置。 - 前記画素抽出手段は、前記評価値として、ピーク周期、ピーク回数、所定のタイミングからピークに達するまでの時間により規定されるピーク時間、前記ボトム値から前記ピーク値に達するまでの時間により規定される立ち上がり時間、前記ピーク値から前記ボトム値に戻るまでの時間により規定される下がり時間、及び一の画素における前記ピーク時間と前記一の画素と隣接する他の画素における前記ピーク時間との差分であるピーク変動幅、のうち少なくとも一つに基づいて前記対象画素をさらに抽出する請求項1に記載の光測定装置。
- 前記解析処理手段は、
複数の前記輝度値データ間における位相のずれを補正して、位相補正された補正輝度値データを算出する補正手段と、
複数の前記補正輝度値データを処理して、複数の前記補正輝度値データの平均である平均輝度値データを算出する処理手段と、をさらに含む請求項1又は請求項2に記載の光測定装置。 - 前記解析処理手段は、
前記平均輝度値データと、予め取得された標本輝度値データとを対比して、前記対象画素により構成される像を同定する同定手段、をさらに含む請求項3に記載の光測定装置。 - 細胞を含む試料を保持する保持部を有する試料ケースによって保持された前記細胞から放出された光を測定する光測定方法であって、
前記試料ケースの前記保持部の内部に保持された前記試料から放出された光を含む前記試料ケースの二次元光像を検出して、前記二次元光像の動画像データを取得する動画像取得ステップと、
前記動画像データに対して解析処理を行う解析処理ステップと、
を備え、
前記解析処理ステップは、
前記動画像データに含まれる前記保持部に対応する領域から、前記保持部に対応する領域を構成する複数の画素における輝度値の経時変化を示す輝度値データを取得する輝度値データ取得ステップと、
前記輝度値データから前記輝度値のピーク値とボトム値とを抽出する輝度値抽出ステップと、
前記輝度値の経時変化を評価する評価値を前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値とに基づいて計算し、前記評価値に基づいて前記複数の画素から所定の前記細胞の像を構成する対象画素を抽出する画素抽出ステップと、
を含み、
前記画素抽出ステップは、前記評価値として、前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値との差分により得られる輝度値の振幅、及び前記ボトム値に対する前記ピーク値の比率により得られる輝度値の変化率のうち少なくとも一つに基づいて前記対象画素を抽出する光測定方法。 - 細胞を含む試料を保持する保持部を有する試料ケースによって保持された前記細胞から放出された光を測定する光測定プログラムであって、
コンピュータを、
動画像取得手段によって取得された、前記試料ケースの前記保持部の内部に保持された前記試料から放出された光を含む前記試料ケースの二次元光像を検出した動画像データに対し、前記動画像データに含まれる前記保持部に対応する領域から、前記保持部に対応する領域を構成する複数の画素における輝度値の経時変化を示す輝度値データを取得する輝度値データ取得手段、
前記輝度値データから前記輝度値のピーク値とボトム値とを抽出する輝度値抽出手段、
前記輝度値の経時変化を評価する評価値を前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値とに基づいて計算し、前記評価値に基づいて前記複数の画素から所定の前記細胞の像を構成する対象画素を抽出する画素抽出手段、
として機能させ、
前記画素抽出手段は、前記評価値として、前記ピーク値と前記ボトム値との差分により得られる輝度値の振幅、及び前記ボトム値に対する前記ピーク値の比率により得られる輝度値の変化率のうち少なくとも一つに基づいて前記対象画素を抽出する機能を有する光測定プログラム。 - 細胞を含む試料を保持する保持部を有する試料ケースによって保持された前記細胞から放出された光を測定する光測定装置であって、
前記試料ケースの前記保持部の内部に保持された前記試料から放出された光を含む前記試料ケースの二次元光像を検出して、前記二次元光像の動画像データを取得する動画像取得手段と、
前記動画像データに対して解析処理を行う解析処理手段と、
を備え、
前記解析処理手段は、
前記動画像データに含まれる前記保持部に対応する領域から、前記保持部に対応する領域を構成する複数の画素における輝度値の経時変化を示す輝度値データを取得する輝度値データ取得手段と、
前記輝度値の経時変化を評価する評価値を前記輝度値データの波形の特徴を示す特徴値に基づいて計算し、前記評価値に基づいて前記複数の画素から所定の前記細胞の像を構成する対象画素を抽出する画素抽出手段と、
前記対象画素における前記輝度値データに対して所定の処理を行うデータ処理部と、を含む光測定装置。
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JP5869239B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-21 | 2016-02-24 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光測定装置、光測定方法、及び光測定プログラム |
CN105981396B (zh) * | 2014-08-19 | 2020-07-14 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 传输方法及再现装置 |
DE102015219709A1 (de) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-13 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Bildkorrekturverfahren und Mikroskop |
US10796130B2 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2020-10-06 | Nikon Corporation | Image processing apparatus |
CN106991668B (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2020-08-18 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种天网摄像头拍摄画面的评价方法 |
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EP2725346B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
CN103620390B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
CN103620390A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2725346A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
JP6006205B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
JPWO2012176783A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
US20140152799A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
US10197782B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
EP2725346A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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