WO2012159571A1 - 一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵中糖利用率的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵中糖利用率的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012159571A1
WO2012159571A1 PCT/CN2012/075978 CN2012075978W WO2012159571A1 WO 2012159571 A1 WO2012159571 A1 WO 2012159571A1 CN 2012075978 W CN2012075978 W CN 2012075978W WO 2012159571 A1 WO2012159571 A1 WO 2012159571A1
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xylose
clostridium acetobutylicum
glcg
gene
thl
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French (fr)
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顾阳
肖晗
姜卫红
宁媛媛
李治林
蒋宇
孙喆
杨晟
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中国科学院上海生命科学研究院
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    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C12N9/1205Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/33Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Clostridium (G)
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/90Isomerases (5.)
    • C12N9/92Glucose isomerase (5.3.1.5; 5.3.1.9; 5.3.1.18)
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    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/065Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage with microorganisms other than yeasts
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/16Butanols
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/24Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
    • C12P7/26Ketones
    • C12P7/28Acetone-containing products
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y207/00Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups (2.7)
    • C12Y207/01Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1)
    • C12Y207/01069Protein-Npi-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (2.7.1.69), i.e. sucrose phosphotransferase system II
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of genetic engineering technology and fermentation technology.
  • the present invention relates to an increase in C Acetobw y//c flat) A method of sugar utilization (especially the utilization of xylose and arabinose in mixed sugar fermentation;), a strain used in the method, a use thereof, and a preparation method.
  • Butanol is a large-scale basic raw material for various uses, and can be used as a precursor for synthesis of various organic compounds in chemical and chemical fields such as dyes, paints, plastics, resins, rubbers, etc.; in the production process of antibiotics and synthetic drugs An indispensable solvent; also a food grade extractant for the food and fragrance industry.
  • butanol is still a high-quality fuel and fuel additive with higher octane number than gasoline. Its high boiling point (1 18 °C) and low vapor pressure contribute to the cold start of the car; and, due to the butanol It is more hydrophobic than ethanol, and it is more miscible with steam and diesel hydrocarbon fuels. In addition, the complete combustion of butanol can greatly reduce the CO 2 emission of exhaust gas without residual hydrocarbon pollution. advantageous. Obviously, the above advantages may make butanol a new green fuel for future engines. Substituting mineralized fuels as one of the sustainable renewable energy sources will have an important proportion in the future transportation fuel structure.
  • the production strain C. acetobutylicum (C/oWrz ⁇ aceto1 ⁇ 2 y//c3 ⁇ 4) used in the traditional butanol fermentation production in China is based on grain raw materials (such as corn, wheat, etc.). Higher food prices result in higher raw material costs as a percentage of total solvent production costs (more than 75%;), which not only limits the market competitiveness of butanol products, but also seriously violates China's food security strategy. Therefore, in the long run, the production of butanol by biotransformation with non-grain raw materials, especially cheap lignocellulosic resources (such as straw, straw, etc.) is an inevitable trend in the future.
  • Closyl acetobutylicum can also utilize various carbon sources such as xylose, lactose, and arabinose.
  • the main components of cellulose and hemicellulose in agriculture and forestry waste are glucose, xylose and arabinose.
  • the broad substrate spectrum of Clostridium acetobutylicum makes it possible to use cellulose.
  • the hemicellulose hydrolyzate is used as a raw material for the fermentation of biobutanol. Cellulose and hemicellulose account for more than 50% of the carbon in the planting world. The use of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolyzate for biobutanol fermentation is expected to significantly reduce the cost of raw materials.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum like many other bacteria, has a carbon catabolite repression (CCR), that is, in the presence of glucose, almost no xylose and arabinose are utilized.
  • CCR carbon catabolite repression
  • the xylose metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum itself also has a bottleneck.
  • improving the utilization of xylose and arabinose in mixed sugar in Clostridium acetobutylicum needs to overcome two problems, one is the inhibition of xylose and arabinose metabolism in the presence of glucose, and the other is the bottleneck of xylose metabolism itself. .
  • the PTS system (phosphoenolpymvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system) is the main system for the transport of hexasaccharide by the solvent-producing Clostridium, which transports carbohydrates into the cell while accompanied by the phosphoric acid of the substrate. Chemical.
  • a typical PTS system consists of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), HPr (histine-phosphorylatable protein) and three catalytic entities, enzyme I, enzyme II and enzyme III.
  • Glc (; glucose-glucoside) protein or Man (mannose-fructose-sorbose) protein of enzyme II component can regulate the activity of glucose PTS in Clostridium acetobutylicum It has been shown that Glc family proteins play a key role in the phosphorylation of glucose, and the gene glcG has been predicted at the level of bioinformatics.
  • Xylose metabolism catalyzed by xylose isomerase in microorganisms mainly includes: 1) xylose transports from extracellular to intracellular via transporter (xylT); 2) intracellular xylose through two steps (xylose isomerase ( xylA) and xylulose kinase (xylB) catalyze the reaction to form 5-phospho-xylulose; 3) 5-phosphonium-xylulose enters the pentose phosphate pathway for metabolism, which includes 4 Key enzymes: transaldolase, transketolase, 5-phospho-ribose isomerase, and 5-phosphate-ribulose epimerase, and the final metabolic flux enters the glycolysis pathway (see Figure 8). .
  • Bacteria typically undergo a process as described above to catalyze the conversion of xylose to glycerol-3-phosphate to central metabolism, and the enzymes that catalyze these steps are Tal, Tkt, Rpe and Rpi of the xylT, xylA, xylB and PPP pathways, respectively.
  • Strategies for overexpressing all genes in xylose metabolism to increase xylose utilization have been reported in other microorganisms (Karhumaa, K., B. Hahn-Hagerdal, et al. (2005). Yeast 22(5): 359-368 Zhang, M., C. Eddv et al. (1995).
  • An important object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the utilization of xylose and/or arabinose by Clostridium acetobutylicum, thereby efficiently utilizing glucose, xylose and/or arabinose fermentation in a raw material. Production of butanol, acetone and ethanol.
  • the method of the present invention can increase the utilization of xylose and/or arabinose by inhibiting the expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene, increasing the expression or activity of xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and xylulokinase.
  • a method of increasing the utilization of xylose and/or arabinose by Clostridium acetobutylicum comprising the steps of:
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum (a) Genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum, relative to wild-type Clostridium acetobutylicum: inhibits glcG gene expression, increases xylose transporter expression or viability, and increases xylose isomerase Expressing or viable, and/or increasing the expression or viability of xylulokinase;
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum obtained in the step (a) is used in the fermentation of a raw material containing xylose and/or arabinose.
  • the genetically engineered acetone butanol shuttle increases the utilization of xylose by at least 20%, such as 30%, 40%, 50%, 60, compared to the wild-type acetone butanol shuttle. %, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500% or any interval between them, preferably 50 to 500%, preferably 55 to 400%, more preferably 60 to 300%.
  • the yield of the genetically engineered acetone butanol shuttle fermentation product acetone, butanol, ethanol is increased by at least 10%, for example 20%, 30 compared to the wild-type acetone butanol shuttle. %, 50%, 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500% or any interval therebetween, preferably 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 400%, more preferably 50 to 400%.
  • the Clostridium acetobutylicum is selected from the group consisting of: ATCC 824; EA 2018; or other Clostridium acetobutylicum that produces butanol, acetone, and ethanol.
  • the Clostridium acetobutylicum is ATCC 824.
  • the inhibiting glcG gene expression is achieved by one or more selected from the group consisting of: inserting a DNA fragment into the glcG gene, partially or completely knocking out the glcG gene, and introducing a reverse a nucleic acid or an interfering nucleic acid, introducing a glcG inhibitor;
  • the enhancing expression or viability of the xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulose kinase is achieved by one or more selected from the group consisting of : introduction of additional xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulose kinase genes into the C.
  • acetobutylicum genome introduction of increased xylose transporters, xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase Mutation of expression or viability; or expression vector for transient expression of xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase.
  • the DNA fragment is inserted into the glcG gene by inserting DNA (e.g., glcG-targetron) at any position inside the glcG gene by a second type of intron insertion technique, or by any position of the glcG gene by homologous recombination. Point insertion into the DNA sequence is achieved.
  • DNA e.g., glcG-targetron
  • the inhibition of glcG gene expression is achieved by: inserting a foreign DNA fragment between bases 1 to 1923 of the glcG gene.
  • a foreign DNA fragment between the 1st to the 1761th bases of the glcG gene, or between the 1st to 1554th bases, or between the 1st and 1248th bases, or the 1st to 270th positions Insert a foreign DNA fragment between, or between 269 and 270 positions.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene expression is inhibited, xylose transporter overexpression, xylose isomerase overexpression, and/or xylulose kinase overexpression.
  • the inhibition of expression of the glcG gene comprises: non-expression of glcG, decreased expression of glcG, and inability to express glcG having intact structure and/or function.
  • the xylose transporter is a protein derived from xylose-utilizing organisms for xylose transport or a biologically active fragment thereof, or the protein or biological activity thereof a fragment is formed by substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues to form an amino acid sequence that still functions to transport xylose;
  • the xylose isomerase is derived from an organism that utilizes xylose and is used to catalyze wood An saccharide-generating enzyme or a biologically active fragment thereof, or the protein or biologically active fragment thereof, after one or more amino acid residues Substituting, deleting or adding to form an amino acid sequence which still functions to catalyze the isomerization of xylose;
  • the xylulose kinase is an enzyme derived from xylose-utilizing organisms for catalyzing xylulose phosphorylation Or a biologically active fragment thereof, or a substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues of the protein
  • the organism is selected from the group consisting of: Clostridium acetobutylicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, gram Leptobacillus, Escherichia, Rhodobacter, Flavobacterium or Salmonella.
  • the xylose transporter is encoded by the xylT gene; the xylose isomerase is encoded by the xylA gene; and the xylulose kinase is encoded by the xylB gene.
  • the xylT gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C1345, CEA-G1359 or a molecule that hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule having 90% or more homology to the above molecule;
  • the xylB The gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C2612, CEA G2621 or a molecule that hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule having more than 90% homology to the above molecule;
  • the xylA gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C2610, CEA- G2619 is a molecule which hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule which has 90% or more homology with the above molecule.
  • the glcG gene expression of the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is inhibited by 20 to 100%, preferably 35 to 100%, preferably 50 to 100%, compared to the wild type Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  • the expression or viability of the sugar transporter is increased by 50 to 200%, more preferably 75 to 150%; the expression or viability of xylose isomerase is increased by at least 20%, for example, 30%, 50% , 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 1000% or any interval therebetween, preferably 20 to 1000%, preferably 50 to 500%, more preferably 75 to 500%; and / Or the expression or activity of xylulose kinase is increased by at least 20%, such as 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 1000% or any between them The interval is preferably 20 to 1000%, preferably 50 to 500%, more preferably 75 to 500%.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is transformed with one or more plasmids selected from the group consisting of: pWJl-glcG, pIMP1-thl-xylT, pIMP1-thl-xylA, pIMPl-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xyl A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl -xylBA or pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl.
  • any glucose insensitive promoter can be used in place of the th1 promoter in the above plasmid to construct a plasmid, preferably a ptb, adc promoter.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is selected from the group consisting of: Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylA), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylB), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMP 1-thl-xylB A), and Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMP 1-thl-xylT-thl-xylB A), C Clostridium ketoprofen glcG, Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG pIMPl-thl), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostri
  • any glucose insensitive promoter can be used in place of the th1 promoter in the above plasmid to construct a plasmid, and the plasmid is used to prepare a genetically engineered strain, preferably a ptb, adc promoter.
  • the raw material comprising xylose and/or arabinose is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrolyzate of cellulose or hemicellulose, grain, cotton, and the like.
  • the cellulose or hemicellulose is obtained from agricultural and forestry waste, preferably a non-grain raw material such as straw or straw.
  • the hydrolysis of the cellulose or hemicellulose is carried out by chemical hydrolysis or biological enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • the starting material further comprises glucose, preferably comprising glucose-xylose-arabinose, glucose-xylose.
  • the raw material further comprises glucose, preferably comprising glucose-xylose-arabinose, glucose-xylose, wherein the content of xylose is not less than 5% (preferably 6%) of the total sugar in the raw material. , 8%, 10%)
  • a genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum having one or a group selected from the group consisting of the wild type Clostridium acetobutylicum A variety of features: inhibition of glcG gene expression or inhibition of glcG protein activity, increased overexpression or viability of xylose transporters, increased overexpression or viability of xylose isomerase, and/or increased overexpression or viability of xylulokinase.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is obtained by genetic engineering treatment selected from one or more of the group consisting of: inserting a DNA fragment, partially or completely knocking in the glcG gene In addition to the glcG gene, introduction of an antisense nucleic acid or interfering nucleic acid against the glcG gene, introduction of a glcG inhibitor; introduction of an additional xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulose kinase gene; introduction of an increased xylose transporter, Mutation of expression or viability of xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase; or expression vector for transient expression of xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase.
  • the insertion of the DNA fragment into the glcG gene is accomplished by inserting DNA at any position within the glcG gene by a second type of intron insertion technique, or by inserting a DNA sequence at any position of the glcG gene by homologous recombination. of.
  • the inhibition of glcG gene expression is achieved by: inserting an exogenous DNA fragment between bases 1 to 9923 of the glcG gene.
  • an exogenous DNA fragment between bases 1 to 9923 of the glcG gene.
  • the 1st to the 1761th bases of the glcG gene or between the 1st to 1554th bases, or between the 1st and 1248th bases, or Insert a foreign DNA fragment between 1 and 270, or between 269 and 270.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is constructed based on Clostridium acetobutylicum selected from the group consisting of ATCC 824 or EA2018, it being understood that one of ordinary skill in the art can Know any Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  • the Clostridium acetobutylicum is ATCC 824.
  • the xylose transporter is a protein derived from xylose-utilizing organisms for xylose transport or a biologically active fragment thereof, or the protein or biological activity thereof a fragment is formed by substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues to form an amino acid sequence that still functions to transport xylose;
  • the xylose isomerase is derived from an organism that utilizes xylose and is used to catalyze wood
  • the xylulose kinase is an enzyme derived from xylose-utilizing organisms for catalyzing xylulose phosphorylation or a biologically active fragment thereof, or the protein or biologically active fragment thereof passes through one or more Substitution, deletion or addition of amino acid residues forms an amino acid sequence
  • the organism is selected from the group consisting of: Clostridium acetobutylicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, gram Leptobacillus, Escherichia, Rhodobacter, Flavobacterium or Salmonella.
  • the xylose transporter is encoded by the xylT gene; the xylose isomerase is encoded by the xylA gene; and the xylulose kinase is encoded by the xylB gene.
  • the xylT gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C1345, CEA-G1359 or a molecule that hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule having 90% or more homology to the above molecule;
  • the xylB The gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C2612, CEA G2621 or a molecule that hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule having more than 90% homology to the above molecule;
  • the xylA gene is selected from the group consisting of: CA-C2610, CEA- G2619 is a molecule which hybridizes to the sequence under stringent conditions, or a molecule which has 90% or more homology with the above molecule.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is transformed with one or more plasmids selected from the group consisting of: pWJl-glcG, pIMP1-thl-xylT, pIMPl-thl-xylA, pIMPl-thl -xylB, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylBA, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylA, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB, pIMPl-thl-xylBA or pIMPl- thl-xylT-thl.
  • any glucose-insensitive promoter can be used in place of the th1 promoter in the above plasmid to construct a plasmid, preferably a ptb, adc promoter.
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum is selected from the group consisting of: Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylA), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMPl-thl-xylB), Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMP 1-thl-xylB A), and Clostridium acetobutylicum (pIMP 1-thl-xylT-thl-xylB A), C Clostridium ketoprofen glcG, Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG pIMPl-thl), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT), Clostri
  • any glucose insensitive promoter can be used in place of the th1 promoter in the above plasmid to construct a plasmid, and the plasmid is used to prepare a genetically engineered strain, preferably a ptb, adc promoter.
  • a genetically engineered strain preferably a ptb, adc promoter.
  • the production is fermentation production
  • the raw material for fermentation comprises one or more of glucose, xylose, and arabinose, and preferably comprises glucose-xylose-arabinose, glucose-xylose.
  • the raw material for fermentation is obtained from: a hydrolyzate of cellulose or hemicellulose, grain, preferably the cellulose or hemicellulose is obtained from agricultural and forestry waste, more preferably non-grain such as straw or straw. raw material.
  • the hydrolysis of the cellulose or hemicellulose is carried out by chemical hydrolysis or biological enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • a method of preparing a genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum or a genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum of the invention for use in the method of the invention comprising Clostridium butyricum is subjected to one or more genetic engineering modifications selected from the group consisting of inserting a DNA fragment into the glcG gene, partially or completely knocking out the glcG gene, introducing an antisense nucleic acid or interfering nucleic acid against the glcG gene, and introducing glcG Inhibitor; introduction of mutations that increase the expression or viability of xylose transporters, xylose isomerases and/or xylulokinase; introduction of additional xylose transporters, xylose isomerases and/or xylulokinase genes Or providing an expression vector that transiently expresses a xylose
  • the insertion of the DNA fragment into the glcG gene is accomplished by inserting DNA at any position within the glcG gene by a second type of intron insertion technique, or by inserting a DNA sequence at any position of the glcG gene by homologous recombination. of.
  • the method further comprises expanding the culture and/or preservation of the resulting genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum can be made to xylose and/or in fermentation. Or the arabinose utilization rate is increased by 20 to 200%, preferably 25 to 150%.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum Compared with the conventional method using wild type Clostridium acetobutylicum, using the method of the present invention or using the present invention
  • the genetically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum provided by Ming can increase the yield of acetone, butanol and ethanol produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum in the fermentation of xylose/arabinose-containing materials by at least 10%, for example 20 ⁇ 500%, preferably 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 400%, more preferably 50 to 400%.
  • FIG. 1A shows the residual sugar content detection results of 4% glucose: 2% arabinose P2 fermentation 0-89 hr of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824glcG and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824;
  • FIG. 1B shows 4% glucose. : 2% xylose P2 fermentation 0-89 hr of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824glcG and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 test results of residual sugar content.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of gel electrophoresis detection of colony PCR identification of glcG disrupted strains, wherein NC represents a negative control without template, the template used for WT is Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 genome, and the template of glcG mutant is Transformant 824glcGl-5, molecular weight markerd as lkb DNA gradient.
  • Figure 3 shows 4% glucose: 2% xylose P2 fermentation 96hr of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824,
  • Figure 4 shows the detection results of the introduction of pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylBA into 824glcG by Clostridium plasmid PCR, wherein A and B represent two pairs of identification primers at different positions, and "one" indicates that water is used as a template.
  • An increased negative control, "+” indicates a positive control amplified using the constructed plasmid as a template, and 1 to 6 indicates plasmids extracted from different strains, and No. 6 was positive.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of the determination of residual sugar content of 3.8% glucose: 1.4% xylose: 0.3% arabinose fermentation 824 and 824 8 100-butyl-8.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of the detection of butanol and ABE of 3.8% glucose: 1.4% xylose: 0.3% arabinose fermentation 824 and 824 8 100-butyl-8.
  • Figure 7 shows the residual sugar content of 1.5% arabinose and 1.5% xylose fermentation 824.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of the metabolism of bacterial arabinose and xylose.
  • Figure 9 shows the results of the residual sugar content of 4% glucose: 2% xylose fermentation 824 and 824-xylBA.
  • Figure 10 shows the results of the residual sugar content of 4% glucose: 2% xylose fermentation 824 and 824-xylT.
  • Figure 11 shows the results of glucose and xylose consumption of 4% glucose: 2% xylose fermentation 2018, 2018 glcG and 2018 glcG-TBA 96 hr.
  • Figure 12 shows the solvent test results for 4% glucose: 2% xylose fermentation 2018, 2018 glcG and 2018 glcG-TBA 96 hr.
  • the inventors have developed a method for improving the utilization of xylose and/or arabinose in the fermentation process of Clostridium acetobutylicum after a long period of intensive research, thereby enabling efficient use of raw materials such as cellulose or Glucose, xylose and/or arabinose in the hemicellulose hydrolysate are separately or co-fermented to produce butanol, acetone and ethanol.
  • the method of the present invention is mainly achieved by inhibiting the expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene and increasing the expression of xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and xylulokinase.
  • the present invention can be achieved by inserting a DNA fragment into the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene and introducing pIMP1-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA.
  • the present inventors further provide a recombinant strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum for use in the above method, wherein the expression of the Clostridium butyrolella glcG gene is inhibited, the xylT gene is overexpressed, the xylA gene is overexpressed, and/or the xylB gene is overexpressed.
  • the glcG gene in the genome of the recombinant strain provided by the present invention has been inserted into a DNA fragment to cause its expression to be inhibited, and the strain also overexpresses the xylT gene, the xylA gene and the xylB gene.
  • the inventors further investigated that the reason for the absence of delay in glucose utilization is that activation of the glucose non-PTS system compensates for glucose transport and subsequent phosphorylation. This unique phenomenon discovered by the inventors in Clostridium acetobutylicum makes the g/cG gene an important remodeling target for eliminating the glucose inhibitory effect of the microorganism.
  • the method and strain of the present invention can be used for the efficient use of glucose-xylose-arabinose mixed sugar fermentation to produce butanol, acetone and ethanol, and has broad industrial application and market prospects.
  • C. acetobutylicum refers to a bacillus which is positive for Gram staining, has a fusiform cell, and is capable of producing substances such as acetone and butanol. These bacteria are capable of decomposing proteins and sugars, and produce a large amount of solvents such as acetone, butanol and ethanol in the fermentation of starchy and saccharide raw materials, and are important industrial fermentation strains.
  • yield refers to the percentage of the yield of the product compared to the amount of the input material.
  • yield refers to the percentage of ethanol, butanol, and/or acetone produced as a percentage of total sugar in the feedstock, where total sugar refers to all sugars contained in the feedstock, including but not limited to glucose, xylose in the feedstock, And / or arabinose.
  • utilization refers to the percentage of raw material consumed by Clostridium acetobutylicum compared to the amount of raw material input.
  • the term “increased yield”, or “increased utilization” is relative to a wild-type strain, and specifically refers to a higher yield or higher utilization than a wild-type strain.
  • the "inhibition of Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene expression" as referred to in the present invention may be such that the expression level of the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene is decreased, or the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene is not expressed or expressed correctly.
  • Protein The sequence of the glcG gene (; CA-C (0570;, which encodes PTS enzyme II, contains three catalytic subunits, B, C) is also known in the art, and any of these three catalytic subunits is also included in the present invention. Inhibition of glcG overall expression and viability caused by deletion or inhibition.
  • the utilization of xylose and/or arabinose by Clostridium acetobutylicum can be improved by interrupting the expression of the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene.
  • the expression of the glcG gene in the genome of the recombinant strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum is inhibited, It can express glcG protein with intact structure.
  • the disruption of the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene can be carried out by inserting DNA at any position inside the gene using a second type of intron insertion technique; for example, an intron or a resistance gene of a size not exceeding lkb, such as The erythromycin resistance gene on the pIMP1 vector backbone;) is achieved; the glcG gene can also be interrupted by homologous recombination, and the insert for interrupting the glcG gene can be inserted at any position in the glcG gene, and only the glcG gene needs to be enabled.
  • a second type of intron insertion technique for example, an intron or a resistance gene of a size not exceeding lkb, such as The erythromycin resistance gene on the pIMP1 vector backbone;
  • the glcG gene can also be interrupted by homologous recombination, and the insert for interrupting the glcG gene can be inserted at any position in the
  • Expression may be interrupted or inhibited; it may also be achieved by knocking out part or all of the sequence of glcG by homologous recombination, as long as the expression of the glcG gene is interrupted or inhibited or the incomplete glcG protein is expressed.
  • the above method can be used to inactivate the glcG gene.
  • the glcG protein structure prediction of Clostridium acetobutylicum showed that the protein contains three catalytic subunits of A, B and C, wherein the first to the 416th amino acids (corresponding to the 1st to 1248th bases; Is the first catalytic subunit C, amino acids 417 to 518 (corresponding to positions 1249 to 1554;) is the second catalytic subunit B, amino acid 519 to 641 (corresponding to The 1555th to the 1923th bases are the third catalytic subunit (: the cysteine at position 437 of the second catalytic subunit of the glcG protein and the 587th position of the third catalytic subunit of the glcG protein) Histidine is a key conserved site (Martin Tangney, Wilfrid J.
  • a foreign DNA fragment is inserted between bases 1 to 1761, or at positions 1 and 1554. Inserting an exogenous DNA fragment between, or inserting between the 1st and 1248th positions The source DNA fragment, or an exogenous DNA fragment is inserted between positions 1 and 270. In a specific embodiment of the invention, a DNA fragment is inserted between positions 269/270 of the glcG gene.
  • Recombinant knockout plasmid vector refers to a recombinant plasmid vector for knocking out the glcG gene, which vector is understood to be a recombinant plasmid vector having a specific pairing site with a specific sequence of the glcG gene, which is included in the above recombinant plasmid vector. A fragment used to specifically knock out the glcG gene.
  • the recombinant knockout plasmid vector pWJ1-glcG used is: based on Escherichia coli and the C. acetobutylicum shuttle plasmid pWJl (which expresses erythromycin in Clostridium acetobutylicum)
  • the glcG-targetron fragment used is a fragment which is used to knock out the glcG gene after the bases of the IBS, EBS2, and EBS ld are modified, and the fragment belongs to a part of the Ll.LtrB intron.
  • the L1 ⁇ trB class II intron is a prokaryotic class II intron comprising the ltrA gene.
  • one of ordinary skill in the art can select other insertion sites for experimentation when practicing the method of the present invention, and may even perform experiments without using a recombinant plasmid vector, as long as a nucleic acid fragment can be inserted into the glcG gene to interrupt the expression of the glcG gene. Just fine.
  • the activity of the glcG protein can be inhibited for the purpose of the present invention.
  • “increasing gene expression”, “gene expression up-regulation” or “over-expression” can be either to increase the expression level of the gene of interest (i.e., xylT, xylA and/or xylB genes) or to express the activity of the gene of interest. Increased protein of interest.
  • an additional (eg, one or more copies;) xylose transporter, xylose isomerase, and/or xylulose kinase gene can be introduced into the C. acetobutylicum genome; introduction of an increased xylose transporter, xylose Mutation of expression or viability of isomerase and/or xylulokinase; or expression vector for transient expression of xylose transporter, xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase.
  • xylose transporter refers to a protein or a biologically active fragment thereof that can be used for xylose transport from any organism (especially a fungus;) in which xylose is available, which organism can be For example (but not limited to;): Clostridium acetobutylicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia , red bacteria, yellow bacillus, salmonella, etc.
  • a description of the xylose transporter and its coding sequence can be found, for example, in Jojima, T. et al.
  • xylose isomerase refers to an enzyme or biologically active fragment thereof used to catalyze the isomerization of xylose from any organism (especially a fungus;) in which xylose is available.
  • the organism may be, for example but not limited to:: Clostridium acetobutylicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia, red bacteria, yellow bacillus, salmonella, etc.
  • a description of xylose isomerase and its coding sequence can be found, for example, in CN102037120A (in particular, Table 1 therein).
  • xylulose kinase refers to an enzyme or biologically active fragment thereof used to catalyze the phosphorylation of xylulose from any organism (especially a fungus;) in which xylose is available, said organism
  • the body can be, for example (but not limited to): Clostridium acetobutylicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, Klebsiella, A. Hess, red bacteria, yellow bacillus, salmonella, etc.
  • a description of xylose isomerase and its coding sequence can be found, for example, in CN102037120A (in particular, Table 2 therein).
  • xylose transporter also include substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues to form the original A functional amino acid sequence and a biologically active fragment thereof, for example, 1-20, preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-5, of an amino acid sequence in a wild-type xylose transporter, xylose isomerase or xylulose kinase
  • a derivative protein formed by substitution, deletion or addition of an amino acid residue and having an original activity may comprise a replacement sequence for a portion of a conserved amino acid that does not affect its activity or retain a portion of its activity.
  • sequences which are conservatively substituted may also be used in the present invention, and preferred active derivatives mean up to 5, preferably up to 3, more preferably up to 2, compared to the original amino acid sequence.
  • one amino acid is replaced by an amino acid of similar or similar nature to form a polypeptide.
  • conservative variant polypeptides are preferably produced according to conservative amino acid substitutions known in the art.
  • coding sequence refers to a sequence encoding the above-described protein or polypeptide of the invention, which may be in the art A sequence known in the art (described in the above), a molecule that hybridizes to a known sequence under stringent conditions, or a family gene molecule that is highly homologous to the above molecule.
  • stringent conditions means: (1) hybridization and elution at lower ionic strength and higher temperatures, such as 0.2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 60 ° C; or (2) hybridization Adding a denaturant such as 50% (v/v) formamide, 0.1% calf serum / 0.1% Ficoll, 42 ° C, etc.; or (3) at least 50% identity between the two sequences, Hybridization occurs preferably at 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more.
  • the sequence may be the complement of a sequence defined in (X).
  • the coding sequences of the present invention or fragments thereof can generally be obtained by PCR amplification, recombinant methods or synthetic methods.
  • primers can be designed in accordance with the disclosed nucleotide sequences, particularly open reading frame sequences, and can be prepared using commercially available cDNA libraries or conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the library is used as a template to amplify the relevant sequences. When the sequence is long, it is often necessary to perform two or more PCR amplifications, and then the amplified fragments are spliced together in the correct order.
  • the coding sequence of the present invention is preferably obtained from Clostridium acetobutylicum, obtained from other bacteria or organisms, and highly homologous to the coding sequence obtained from Clostridium acetobutylicum; (e.g., having more than 50%, preferably more than 55%)
  • Other coding sequences of 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, such as 85%, 90%, 95%, or even 98% sequence identity
  • the invention is preferably within the equivalent scope of the consideration. Methods and tools for aligning sequence identity are also well known in the art, such as BLAST.
  • recombinant plasmid vector refers to an overexpression of the xylT gene, the xylA gene, and
  • the vector is a recombinant plasmid vector containing a promoter derived from the Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 th1 gene and the xylT gene, the xylA gene and/or the xylB gene.
  • any glucose insensitive promoter e.g., thl, ptb, adc promoter; can be employed to construct the recombinant plasmid vector of the present invention.
  • a recombinant mass carrier is used.
  • pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylB refers to the E. coli and C. acetobutylicum shuttle plasmid pIMP1-thl (;; it expresses the erythromycin resistance gene in Clostridium acetobutylicum, the sequence is SEQ ID NO.: 2; constructed as a recombinant plasmid vector for overexpressing the xylT gene and the xylB gene, wherein the promoter used is the thl gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824.
  • vectors of similar definition may be employed in the present invention, such as, but not limited to, pIMP1-thl-xylT, pIMP1-thl-xylA, pIMP1-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A , pIMPl- thl-xylT -thl-xylA, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl-xylBA, and the like.
  • a plurality of plasmids can be simultaneously or sequentially transformed with Clostridium acetobutylicum, for example, pWJl-glcG, pIMP1-thl-xylT, pIMP1-thl-xylA, pIMP1-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 - Th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xyl A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , one or more of pIMPl-thl-xylBA Make conversions.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum for example, pWJl-glcG, pIMP1-thl-xylT, pIMP1-thl-xylA, pIMP1-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 - Th 1
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG refers to knockdown of the glcG gene with a recombinant knockout plasmid vector pWJ1-glcG to inhibit expression of the gene, and the recombinant plasmid vector pIMPl-thl-xylT is used.
  • a recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum strain transformed to achieve overexpression of the xylT gene.
  • recombinant strains constructed in a similar manner in the present invention, such as, but not limited to, Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylA), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylB), Acetone Clostridium clostridium glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylBA), Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA) and the like.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG pIMPl-thl-xylA
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG pIMPl-thl-xylB
  • Acetone Clostridium clostridium glcG pIMPl-thl-xylBA
  • the C. acetobutylicum mixed sugar can be further improved. Utilization of xylose and/or arabinose in fermentation.
  • the recombinant strain used may be a strain which inhibits the expression of the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene and overexpresses the xylT gene, the xylA gene and the xylB gene provided by the present invention, or may be according to the teachings of the present invention and existing Techniques, other strains which inhibit the expression of the Clostridium acetobutylicum glcG gene and overexpress the xylT gene, the xylA gene and the xylB gene, such as strains which reduce the expression level of glcG by antisense nucleic acid technology. Fermentation production using the recombinant strain of the present invention
  • ABE is an abbreviation for the production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol produced by the fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  • ABE concentration refers to the total concentration of acetone, butanol, and ethanol obtained. .
  • the method and the strain provided by the invention have obvious utilization rate of xylose and/or arabinose in the fermentation raw material With the increase, the ABE concentration generated by the conversion is correspondingly increased, so it can be used for the fermentation production of acetone, butanol and ethanol.
  • the engineered strain constructed by the invention improves the consumption rate of xylose and arabinose in the mixed sugar, and can efficiently utilize the glucose-xylose-arabinose for fermentation, and therefore these strains utilize the lignocellulosic hydrolyzate for acetone butanol fermentation. potential.
  • the term "fermentation” means a process of producing a product of acetone, butanol, ethanol or the like by biotransformation from a sugar-containing raw material using the recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum of the present invention.
  • the process can be carried out using fermentation equipment and processes conventionally used in the art, and one of ordinary skill in the art can select equipment and processes based on actual needs and conditions.
  • the raw material used in the fermentation production of the present invention may be a single sugar or a mixed sugar such as xylose-arabinose, glucose-xylose-arabinose.
  • the sugar-containing raw material used may be a single sugar or a mixed sugar (such as glucose-xylose-arabinose;) obtained by directly using glucose, xylose and/or arabinose, or may be a fermented or hydrolyzed polymer compound (such as hydrolyzed cellulose or hemicellulose, etc.;), obtained mixed sugar.
  • Sugar-containing raw materials can be obtained from conventional foods, but are more preferably obtained from non-grain raw materials, such as inexpensive lignocellulosic resources or agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw, straw, etc., according to reports in the prior art documents in the vast majority
  • the ratio of glucose, xylose and arabinose in the straw or straw can be 20 to 60% by mass of glucose: 3 to 24% by mass.
  • the ratio of the various sugars in the mixed sugar may be 2 to 5% glucose: 0.3 to 2% xylose: 0.05% to 5% arabinose, more preferably 3.9% glucose: 1.5% xylose : 0.3% arabinose (the percentage shown is w/v).
  • the target PTS system which is considered to be unfavorable for transformation in other bacteria can be used for the transformation of Clostridium acetobutylicum, making the glcG gene an important transformation target for eliminating the glucose inhibition effect of the microorganism. ;
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum that efficiently utilizes xylose and/or arabinose in fermented raw materials to produce important industrial materials such as butanol, ethanol and acetone;
  • the strains used for Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 contained glcG, xylT, xylB and xylA genes are known in the art, and their numbers in the genome of the NCBI nucleic acid database are respectively Yes: CA—C0570, CA—C 1345, CA—C2612 and n CA—C2610.
  • ABE is an abbreviation for Acetone-butanol-ethanol
  • ABE concentration refers to the total concentration of acetone, butanol, and ethanol in the solution.
  • 824glcG refers to a strain constructed based on ATCC 824, in which glcG gene expression is inhibited or even not expressed.
  • Recombinant plasmid vector pIMP1-thl refers to a recombinant plasmid vector expressing the xylT, xylB and xylA genes (the sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, the thl promoter is derived from the C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 thl gene promoter child.
  • the "recombinant knockout plasmid vector pWJ1-glcG” refers to a recombinant plasmid vector for knocking out the glcG gene (the sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10), wherein the glcG-targetron fragment used is referred to as IBS, EBS2
  • the EBS ld locus is modified to be used to knock out a fragment of the glcG gene, which belongs to a part of the L1 ⁇ trB intron, and the Ll.LtrB intron is a prokaryotic intron. It contains the ltrA gene.
  • strains and plasmids used in the present invention are:
  • the plasmid pWJ1 is a shuttle plasmid of Escherichia coli and Clostridium acetobutylicum (the replicon pCB 102 derived from Clostridium butyricum DSM10702 was replaced with the replicon pIM13 of pSY6), and the erythromycin resistance was expressed in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Sex gene, the sequence of this plasmid is shown in SEQ ID NO.: 1.
  • the plasmid pIMP1-thl is a shuttle plasmid for Escherichia coli and Clostridium acetobutylicum (the vector backbone is based on pIMPl in the reference Mermelstein, LD and ET Papoutsakis (1993). Appl Environ Microbiol 59(4): 1077-1081.
  • the erythromycin resistance gene was expressed in Clostridium acetobutylicum by introducing a promoter of the th1 gene (cac2873), and the sequence of the plasmid is shown in SEQ ID NO.: 2.
  • the plasmid pANS l the sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.: 3 (Mermelstein, L. D and E. T. Papoutsakis (1993). Appl Environ Microbiol 59(4): 1077-1081.), containing the spectinomycin resistance gene.
  • the strain E. coli ER2275 was purchased from New England Biolabs.
  • the strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purchased from ATCC.
  • the strain clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018 is from the patent ZL 951 11733.5, and its comparative genomics study with ATCC824 is described in the literature Hu, SY, HJ Zheng (2011). "Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed genetic characteristics related to solvent formation and Xylose utilization in Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018." BMC Genomics 12. Reagents
  • PCR purification and DNA gel recovery and purification kits used in the present invention were purchased from Huasheng Biological Products Co., Ltd., TargetronTM Gene Knockout System (TA0100) Kit was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and the genome extraction kit was purchased from Shanghai Health. Engineering Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
  • the medium and buffer used were as follows:
  • the CGM medium is as follows (Joseph W. Roos et al, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, P681-694, Vol 557, 1985): 2g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , lg ⁇ 2 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , 0.5g KH 2 PO 4 , O.
  • Solution 1 40 g D-glucose: 20 g D-xylose or 40 g D-glucose: 20 g L-arabinose, dissolved in H 2 O to 850 mL;
  • Solution 2 NH 4 Ac 2.2g, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0.5g, KH 2 PO 4 0.5g, add H 2 O to dissolve to 100mL;
  • Solution 3 2.0 g MgSO 4 -7H 2 O , 0. lg MnSO 4 'H 2 O, 0. lg NaCl, 0. lg FeSO 4 '7H 2 O;
  • Solution 4 100 mg of aminobenzoic acid was added to 100 ml of distilled water ( P-aminobenzoic acid), lOOmg vitamin B l (thiamine), lmg biotin (biotin);
  • Solution 1 and solution 2 are sterilized by high temperature and heat sterilization, and solution 3 and solution 4 are filtered and sterilized.
  • Solution 1 and solution 2 are cooled and mixed uniformly. Then, 10 mL of solution 3 and 1 mL of solution 4 are added, and after mixing, they are packed into 95 mL/bottle. Filtration sterilization, N 2 to remove air from the bottle.
  • the preparation method of the P2 medium which mimics the proportion of the hydrolyzate sugar in the fermenter 5.5% w/v is as follows:
  • Solution 1 56.4 g D-glucose, 21.7 g D-xylose and 4.3 g L-arabinose, dissolved in H 2 O to 1240 mL;
  • Solution 2 NH 4 Ac 3.3g, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0.75g, KH 2 PO 4 0.75g, add H 2 O to 150mL;
  • Solution 3 2.0 g MgSO 4 -7H 2 O , 0. lg MnSO 4 'H 2 O, 0. lg NaCl, 0. lg FeSO 4 '7H 2 O;
  • Solution 4 100 mg of aminobenzoic acid was added to 100 ml of distilled water ( P-aminobenzoic acid),
  • Solution 1 and solution 2 are sterilized by high temperature damp heat, and solution 3 and solution 4 are filtered and sterilized. After solution 1 is sterilized together with the fermenter, it is cooled by N 2 , and then uniformly mixed with solution 2, and then 15 mL of solution 3 and 1.5 mL of solution are added. 4.
  • the ETM buffer formulation was as follows: 270 mM sucrose, 0.6 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 4.4 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 10 mM MgCl 2 .
  • the ET buffer formulation was as follows: 270 mM sucrose, 0.6 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 4.4 mM NaH 2 PO 4 .
  • the restriction enzymes used in the present invention, Taq DNA polymerase, T4 DNA ligase and calf alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) were purchased from TaKaRa, and KOD plus DNA polymerase was purchased from Toyobo.
  • SEQ ID Nos: 1-38 represent the following sequences:
  • the present invention amplifies a fragment for expressing the xylT, xylB and xylA genes by PCR and a targetron fragment which interrupts the glcG gene, and then double-digested and ligated with the same pIMP1-thl or pWJl vector to obtain a plasmid pIMP1- thl-xylT-thl-xylBA and pWJl-glcG, electroporating Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 glcG and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 or EA 2018, and then identifying the presence and presence of exogenous gene fragments by Clostridium plasmid PCR
  • the recombinant bacteria having the inserted into the genome were subjected to fermentation verification to confirm that the consumption rate of xylose and arabinose in the mixed sugar of the recombinant bacteria was increased, as shown in the following examples.
  • the glcG targetron fragment was amplified by PCR, then digested with ⁇ ol and ⁇ rG I, and ligated with the pWJ1 vector digested with J oI and ⁇ rG I to obtain the disruption plasmid pWJl-glcG, wherein PCR amplification
  • the template and primer design method for glcG targetron was derived from Sigma-Aldrich TargetronTM Gene Knockout System (TAOlOO) kit, the specific steps are as follows:
  • the primers were designed glcG-IBS (such as the sequence SEQ ID NO:. FIG 4), glcG-EBS ld (such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:. 5 below) And glcG-EBS2 (as set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 6) for construction of the pWJ1-glcG plasmid vector.
  • glcG-IBS such as the sequence SEQ ID NO:. FIG 4
  • glcG-EBS ld such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:. 5 below
  • glcG-EBS2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 6
  • EBS universal primer required for PCR amplification is supplied by the TargetronTM Gene Knockout System (TAO100) kit.
  • TAO100 TargetronTM Gene Knockout System
  • PCR amplification using Sigma-Aldrich's TargetronTM Gene Knockout System (TAO100) kit PCR reaction conditions: 94 ° C for 30 s, 94 ° C for 30 s, 55 ° C for 30 s, 72 ° C for 30 s 30 cycles, 72 ° C for 2 min, 4 °
  • TAO100 Gene Knockout System
  • the template and reagents required for the preservation of the amplification are provided by the kit, and the PCR product is subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and then the strip at 350 bp is recovered by purification using a gelatin recovery kit of Huaying Company.
  • the vector pWJl and glcG-targetron fragments were digested with I and ⁇ rGI, respectively, and then the digested product was purified using a gelatin recovery kit from Huaying Company.
  • the digested glcG-targetron fragment was ligated with the digested vector fragment using T4 DNA ligase, and the ligation reaction was carried out in a 16 ° C water bath for 10 hr, and the obtained ligation product was transformed into Escherichia coli by CaCl 2 heat shock method.
  • DH5a competent cells heat shock at 42 °C for 90 sec, then add 4 °C LB liquid medium for 1 hr, then centrifuge the cells at 4500 rpm for 5 min, and apply to LB solid medium plates containing 10 ( ⁇ g/mL ampicillin) Incubate for 16-18 hr.
  • Colony PCR was performed on the obtained colonies (reaction reagents were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich's TargetronTM Gene Knockout System (TAO100) kit under the following conditions: 95 ° C for 5 min, 94 ° C for 30 s, 55 ° C for 30 s, 72 ° C for 30 s for 30 cycles. 72 ° C 2 min, 4 ° C preservation), to detect whether the 350 bp targetron fragment was ligated into the pWJl vector, the PCR amplification primers were IBS and EBSld.
  • TAO100 Gene Knockout System
  • PCR results showed that colony PCR could amplify a 350 bp specific band.
  • the PCR-positive colonies were picked and expanded in LB liquid medium to extract the plasmid.
  • the extracted plasmid was sequenced as a template, and the results were as expected: the targetron fragment was indeed ligated into the pWJ1 vector).
  • Example 2 Construction, detection and knockout of the Clostridium acetobutylicum/cG mutant.
  • the pWJl-glcG plasmid was methylated by E.
  • the pWJl-glcG plasmid needs to be methylated (Mermelstein, L. D and Papoutsakis, ETAppl Environ Microbiol. vol 59. issue 4: p 1077-81).
  • the pANS1 plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli ER2275 by CaCl 2 heat shock method to obtain the strain Escherichia coli ER2275/pANS1.
  • the extracted pWJ1-glcG plasmid was transformed into E. coli ER2275/pANS1 competent cells, and the pANS1 plasmid was coated with 10 ( ⁇ g/mL ampicillin and 5 ( ⁇ g/mL) because of its spectinomycin resistance. After culturing overnight on LB medium plates of spectinomycin, single colonies were picked and cultured overnight in 4 mL of LB liquid medium supplemented with 10 ( ⁇ g/mL ampicillin and 5 ( ⁇ g/mL spectinomycin).
  • Escherichia coli ER2275 containing pANS1 and pWJl-glcG was extracted with plasmid extraction kit, and the plasmid obtained by extraction was verified by restriction enzyme digestion (pSY6-ccpA not transformed into E.
  • the digestion results show that the plasmid pWJl-glcG treated above can not be Sat / digested, and the control can be digested by Sat / according to the enzyme digestion results
  • the Ca ⁇ W cleavage site of the plasmid pWJ1-glcG treated as described above was methylated and not recognized by the restriction system of Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  • C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was streaked on CGM medium plate for 48 hr, single colonies were picked and cultured in 5 mL CGM liquid medium for 16 hr, and then inoculated into 50 mL CGM liquid medium according to 1% inoculum.
  • the OD 6 (K) of the cultured cells reaches between 0.6 and 0.7, the culture bacteria are taken out for preparation of electrotransformed competent cells.
  • a partial sequence of the second intron may be inserted into the glcG gene of the genome, and if there is an intron insertion, the primer upstream and downstream of the insertion site may be used.
  • wild-type bacteria without introns will amplify a 400 bp band, and the recombinant strain inserted with an intron will amplify the band to a 1.3 Kb band, thus randomly picking Five transformants were validated, in which the C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 genome was used as a negative control. The specific process was as follows:
  • the primers used in the PCR reaction were glcG-126-145 and 8 ⁇ -473-492, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID No.: 8 and SEQ ID No.: 9, respectively;
  • the product obtained by the PCR reaction was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the results are shown in Fig. 2. According to the results of Fig. 2, the obtained five transformants were all mutants in which an intron was inserted.
  • the positive transformants corresponding to the marker 4 in Figure 2 were randomly picked and extracted in a CGM liquid medium supplemented with 2 ( ⁇ g/mL erythromycin), and the genome was extracted.
  • the extracted genome was used as a template.
  • PCR amplification was performed using glcG-126-145 and glcG-473-492 as primer pairs, and the amplified 1.3 kb DNA band was recovered and sequenced, and the result is shown in SEQ ID NO.: 10.
  • the sequencing result showed that The DNA at positions 101-1015 of the sequence is the inserted intron sequence, ie the intron sequence is inserted precisely between the predicted 269
  • the fermentation of the fermentation broth was carried out in the P2 medium by the suspension of the glcG gene of Clostridium acetobutylicum 824glcG in step 2.5, and the specific process was as follows:
  • Figure 1 shows that the wild type strain consumed 9.87 g/L arabinose in the 40 g/L glucose and 23 g/L arabinose fermentation, and the glcG inactivated strain consumed 19.15 g/L arabinose; at 41 g/L In the fermentation of glucose and 22 g/L xylose, the wild type strain consumed 5.62 g/L xylose, and the glcG inactivated strain consumed 12.17 g/L xylose. The wild-type strain eventually consumed xylose, which accounts for about 8.8% of the total sugar.
  • the frozen cells were resuspended in 6 ml of Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) containing 10% v/v glycerol, using One Shot.
  • the cell disrupter (Low March, Daventry, Northants, UK) broke it (30KPSI, 2 times), 4 ° C,
  • Single bacteria were picked from CGM plate and connected to 5mL CGM liquid medium, cultured overnight, and then inoculated into 50mL CGM medium with 1% inoculation amount, cultured for 8 ⁇ 10hr, so that the concentrated OD 6(K) reached 0.4. 5% was added to 100 ml of P2 medium for fermentation, and the fermentation broth was used to detect residual sugar content (using a WATER-park column of WATERS, determined by Agela 1200 HPLC, the results are shown in Figure 7), wherein the residue in the fermentation broth was determined. Before the sugar content, the following pretreatment is required: After the fermentation broth is centrifuged, the supernatant is separately taken and diluted with 20 ⁇ 4 to be used for the determination of residual sugar.
  • the primers were used to amplify xylT, thl primers, ylB and xylA by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 genome. After digestion, they were ligated with the same digested vector, transformed into DH5a, verified by colony PCR and sequenced. Among them, PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation transformation, and colony PCR were the same as in Example 1. The specific process is as follows:
  • the xylT fragment was amplified using xylT-up and xylT-dn as primers, and the sequences thereof are shown in SEQ ID No.: 20 and SEQ ID No.: 17, respectively.
  • Sa/I Using Sa/I and the respective vector pIMP l-thl and xylT fragments, the two were ligated and transformed with DH5a and identified with the same primers. The colonies with positive bands were extracted and the bacteria were confirmed by correct sequencing.
  • the xylA fragment was amplified with xylA-up and xylA-dn as primers, and the sequences were as follows: SEQ ID No.:
  • the xylB fragment was amplified using xylB-up and xylB-dn as primers, and the sequences thereof are shown in SEQ ID No.: 23 and SEQ ID No.: 24, respectively.
  • the vector pIMP1-thl and xylB fragments were digested with a HI and coRI, respectively. The two were ligated and transformed with DH5a and identified by the same primers. The colonies with positive bands were extracted and purified by sequencing.
  • the xylBA fragment was amplified with xylB-up and xylA-dn as primers, and the sequences thereof are shown in SEQ ID No.: 23 and SEQ ID No.: 22, respectively.
  • the vectors pIMP l-thl and xylBA were digested with a HI and S al respectively. The two were ligated and transformed with DH5a and identified with the same primers. The colonies with positive bands were extracted and the bacteria were sequenced and verified.
  • the th1 promoter fragment was amplified using Thl2-up and Thl2-dn as primers, and the sequences thereof are shown in SEQ ID No.: 25 and SEQ ID No.: 26, respectively.
  • 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ and a HI were respectively digested with the vector pIMP1-thl-xylT and the thl promoter fragment, and the two were ligated and transformed with DH5a and identified by primers dxylT-overlap-up and dpIMP1-dn, respectively, whose sequences are respectively SEQ ID No.: 18 and SEQ ID No.: 14.
  • the colony with the positive band was extracted and the plasmid was verified to be correct.
  • the xylBA operon was amplified with xylBA-up and xylBA-dn as primers, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID No.: 27 and SEQ ID No.: 28, respectively.
  • the vector pIMP1-thl-xylT-thl and the xylBA operon were digested with ⁇ and Smal, respectively, and ligated and transformed with DH5a and identified by primers dxylT-overlap-up and dxylBA-overlap-dn, respectively, whose sequences are respectively SEQ ID No. : 18 and SEQ ID No.: 19.
  • the colonies with positive bands were extracted and the plasmid was verified to be correct.
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum 824 (pIMPl-thl-xylBA), 824 (pIMPl-thl-xylT, 824glcG (pIMPl-thn, 824glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT, 824glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylA, 824glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylA, 824glcG ( Construction and detection of pIMPl-thl-xvlB and 824glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA) mutants
  • the PCR system, method, and DNA agarose electrophoresis were verified as 2.3, and the positive control was used to construct the correct plasmid, and the negative control was water.
  • the primers are dxylT-up and dpIMPl-dn, the sequences of which are SEQ ID No.: 13 and SEQ ID No.: 14; the positive colony obtained is abbreviated as 824-xylT.
  • the primers are dpIMP l-up and dxylB-dn, the sequences of which are SEQ ID No.: 1 1 and SEQ ID No.:
  • the primers were dpIMP l-up and dthl-dn, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID No.: 1 1 and SEQ ID No.: 12, respectively; the positive colonies obtained were abbreviated as 824 glcG-thl.
  • the primers were dxylT-up and dpIMP l-dn, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID No.: 13 and SEQ ID No.: 14, respectively; the positive colonies obtained were abbreviated as 824 glcG-xylT.
  • the primers are dxylA-up and dpIMP l-dn, the sequences of which are SEQ ID No.: 15 and SEQ ID No.:
  • the primers are dpIMP l-up and dxylB-dn, the sequences of which are SEQ ID No.: 1 1 and SEQ ID No.:
  • the first pair of identification primers are dpIMP l-up and xylT-dn, the sequences thereof are shown in SEQ ID No.: 1 1 and SEQ ID No.: 17, respectively, and the identification results are shown in Figure 4, all lanes marked with A;
  • the two pairs of identification primers were dxylT-overlap-up and dxylBA-overlap-dn, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID No.: 18 and SEQ ID No.: 19, respectively, and the results of the identification are shown in all lanes marked with B in FIG. It can be seen from the electropherogram: colonies labeled as No. 6 are positive.
  • the positive colony obtained was abbreviated as 824glcG-TBA.
  • Example 8. P2 fermentation of 824-xylT at 4% w/v glucose and 2% w/v xylose as carbon source
  • OD 6 (K) 0.8 ⁇ 1.0, 1% inoculum was added to 50mL CGM medium, cultured for 8 ⁇ 1 Ohr, so that the concentrated OD 6Q() reached 0.4, and 950ml P2 was added (4% w/v)
  • the fermentation was carried out in a medium containing glucose and 2% w/v xylose as carbon source, and 824 glcG-thl was used as a control.
  • OD 6 (K) 3.8 and 7, 4 ml, 5000 rpm, lOmin was centrifuged to collect 250 ml of bacteria. The body was quickly frozen with liquid nitrogen. Extraction of cellular RNA and preparation of cDNA are described in the literature (Ren, C, Y. Gu. et al. (2010). Metab Eng 12(5): 446-454.).
  • Each 20 ⁇ l real-time PCR reaction system includes: ⁇ iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad), 200 nM primer, ll cDNA template.
  • Real-time PCR was performed in a real-time PCR detector (Bio-Rad). The PCR procedure was: 95 °C for 3 min; 95 °C for 20 s, 55 °C for 20 s, 72 °C for 20 s, 40 cycles; 65-95 °C for dissolution. Curve analysis. All samples were subjected to three parallel experiments and averaged for analysis.
  • Example 11 Engineering bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum 824g/cG, 824g/cG (pIMP1-thl, 824g/cG (pIMP 1 -thl-xylT, 824g/cG (pIMP 1 -thl-xylA, 824g/cG (pIMPl -thl-xylB and 824g/cG (pIMP 1-thl-xvlT-thl-xvlBA fermentation)
  • the fermentation method was the same as in Example 3.
  • FIG. 3 Although compared with 824glcG, empty plasmid into cells to make use 824glcG 32% xylose sugar mixed, but X ylT, X ylA, xylB of these three genes were introduced simultaneously or 824glcG
  • the utilization of xylose by the cells in mixed sugars was increased to varying degrees: their xylose utilization increased by 75%, 106%, 63% and 137%, respectively, compared to the control 824glcG-thl strain.
  • the three genes simultaneously introduced into the 824glcG engineering bacteria 824glcG-TBA have the highest xylose consumption rate and are the most promising engineering bacteria.
  • the supernatant was taken to determine residual sugar and acetone, butanol and ethanol:
  • the supernatant was diluted with H 2 O for 20 times and used for the determination of residual sugar; 40 ( ⁇ L supernatant and ⁇ internal standard were mixed to determine acetone, butanol and ethanol (the internal standard formula was: 25 g isobutyl) Alcohol, 5g isobutyric acid, 50mL 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid, add water to a volume of 1L;).
  • the engineered bacteria 824glcG-TBA basically used up the various sugars in the fermentation broth at 52 hours, while the wild type had 51% xylose residue at the end of the fermentation (71h).
  • Table 4 shows the calculation results of 3.8% glucose: 1.4% xylose: 0.3% arabinose fermentation 824 and 824 8 100-butyl 8 eight residual sugar, acetone, butanol, ethanol yield and productivity, yield. Table 4. Residual sugar concentration, product yield, productivity, yield of 824 and 824 g lcG-TBA strains According to the results of Table 4, the productivity and yield of the 824 glcG-TBA mutant strain were higher than those of the wild strain.
  • Example 13 Fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum EA2018, 2018glcG and 2018glcG-TBA

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Abstract

提供了一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵中糖利用率的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行基因工程化改造,以相对于野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌而言,抑制glcG基因表达、提高木糖转运蛋白的表达或活力、提高木糖异构酶的表达或活力、和/或提高木酮糖激酶的表达或活力;并将所得的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌用于糖发酵中。该方法可使得丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵中能利用更多的木糖和阿拉伯糖,产生更高浓度的溶剂产物,大幅提高产品得率,具有工业应用前景。

Description

一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵中糖利用率的方法 技术领域 本发明属于基因工程技术和发酵技术领域。 具体而言, 本发明涉及一种提 高丙
Figure imgf000003_0001
acetobw y//c扁)在混合糖发酵中糖利用率 (尤其是 木糖和阿拉伯糖的利用率;)的方法、 用于该方法中的菌株、 其用途及制备方法。 背景技术 丁醇是具有多种用途的大宗基础原料, 在染料、 油漆、 塑料、 树脂、 橡胶 等化学化工领域中, 可用作多种有机化合物合成的前体; 为抗生素及合成药生 产过程中必不可少的溶媒; 同时也是食品、 香料工业的食品级抽提剂。 另一方 面, 丁醇尚是一种辛烷值高于汽油的优质燃料和燃料添加剂, 其高沸点 (1 18 °C ) 和低蒸汽压有助于汽车的冷启动; 并且, 由于丁醇的疏水性比乙醇更强, 其更 易于与汽、 柴油烃类燃料相混溶; 此外, 丁醇的完全燃烧性, 可大大降低尾气 的 CO2 排放, 且不发生残留烃污染, 对净化空气十分有利。 显然, 上述优点有 可能使丁醇成为未来发动机的新型绿色燃料, 替代矿化燃料成为可持续发展的 再生能源之一, 在未来的运输燃料结构中将会占有重要的比重。
我国传统的丁醇发酵生产中采用的生产菌丙酮丁醇梭菌(C/oWrz^ aceto½ y//c¾ )是以粮食原料 (;如玉米、 小麦等)为底物的。 较高的粮食价格致使 原料费用占溶剂生产总成本的比例偏高 (75%以上;), 这不仅限制了丁醇产品的 市场竞争力, 也严重违背了我国的粮食安全战略。 因此, 就长远而言, 以非粮 原料, 尤其是廉价的木质纤维素资源 (如秸秆、 稻草等;)通过生物转化制造丁醇 是今后发展的必然趋势。
丙酮丁醇梭菌除了能够利用葡萄糖、 蔗糖、 淀粉外, 还能利用木糖、 乳糖、 阿拉伯糖等多种碳源。 农林废弃物 (秸秆、 稻草等;)中的纤维素和半纤维素水解 后的主要成分是葡萄糖、 木糖及阿拉伯糖, 丙酮丁醇梭菌宽泛的底物谱使得该 菌可以利用纤维素、 半纤维素水解液为原料进行生物丁醇的发酵。 纤维素和半 纤维素在自然界中占到植物界碳素的 50%以上, 利用纤维素和半纤维素水解液 进行生物丁醇发酵, 有望大大降低原料成本。
然而, 丙酮丁醇梭菌与很多其它细菌一样存在着糖代谢物阻遏效应 (; carbon catabolite repression, CCR), 即在葡萄糖存在时, 几乎不利用木糖和阿拉伯糖。 此外, 丙酮丁醇梭菌木糖代谢本身也存在瓶颈。 鉴于此, 提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在 混合糖中木糖和阿拉伯糖利用率需要克服两个问题, 一是葡萄糖存在时对木 糖、 阿拉伯糖代谢的阻遏, 二是木糖代谢自身存在的瓶颈。
PTS系统 (;磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸-糖磷酸转移酶系统, phosphoenolpymvate -carbohydrate phosphotransferase system)是产溶剂梭菌转运六碳糖的主要系统, 它转运碳水化合物进入胞内的同时伴随底物的磷酸化。 典型的 PTS系统包含磷 酸烯醇式丙酮酸 (PEP)、 HPr (组氨酸-可磷酸化蛋白, histidine-phosphorylatable protein)和三个催化实体, 分别是酶 I、 酶 II和酶 III。 酶 II组分的 Glc (;葡萄糖 -葡糖 苷, glucose-glucoside)蛋白或 Man(甘露糖-果糖-山梨糖, mannose-fructose -sorbose)蛋白可调节葡萄糖 PTS的活性, 在丙酮丁醇梭菌中已证明是 Glc家族蛋 白对葡萄糖的磷酸化起关键作用,其中的基因 glcG已在生物信息学水平被预测。
然而, 研究者在针对多种细菌 (例如枯草杆菌、 大肠杆菌、 链霉菌;)的研究 中发现敲除 PTS系统都会导致葡萄糖利用延迟甚至不用, 进而降低葡萄糖的生 产效率和转化率, 因此认为该系统并不适于用作改造靶点 (; Eiteman, M. A., S. A. Lee等 (2008). J Biol Eng 2: 3.; Paulsen, I. T., S. Chauvaux,等(1998). J Bacteriol 180(3): 498-504.; Perez-Redondo, R., I. 8&1«&111&11&等(2010), Microbiology 156(Pt 5): 1527-1537.)。
微生物中经由木糖异构酶催化的木糖代谢主要包括: 1) 木糖通过转运蛋白 (xylT)从胞外向胞内运输; 2) 胞内木糖通过两步 (;木糖异构酶 (xylA)和木酮糖激 酶 (xylB))催化反应生成 5-磷酸-木酮糖; 3) 5-磷酸 -木酮糖进入磷酸戊糖途径 (pentose phosphate pathway)进行代谢, 这之中又包括 4个关键酶: 转醛酶、 转酮 酶、 5-磷酸-核糖异构酶以及 5-磷酸-核酮糖差向异构酶, 最后的代谢流则进入糖 酵解途径 (;参见图 8)。
细菌通常经历如上所述的过程将木糖催化成 3-磷酸甘油醛进入中心代谢,催化 这些步骤反应的酶分别是 xylT、 xylA、 xylB和 PPP途径的 Tal、 Tkt、 Rpe和 Rpi。 过 表达木糖代谢全部基因以提高木糖利用率的策略虽然在其它微生物中有报道 (Karhumaa, K., B. Hahn-Hagerdal, et al. (2005). Yeast 22(5): 359-368; Zhang, M., C. Eddv等 (1995).Science 267(5195): 240-243.),但在丙酮丁醇梭菌中同时表达这么多基 因目前在技术上是无法实现的, 因此必须确认木糖途径中真正的限速基因,减少过 表达基因的数量,这项工作具有一定的挑战性 (Nakotte, S., S. Schaffer等 (1998). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50(5): 564-567; Shao, L" S. Hu等 (2007). Cell Research 17(11): 963-965.)。
并且, 根据阿拉伯糖的代谢途径 (参见图 8), 其经阿拉伯糖转运蛋白转运至 胞内代谢为 5-磷酸-核酮糖可进一步转化为 5-磷酸-木酮糖,并由此进入磷酸戊糖 途径。 虽然我们的研究工作表明 xylT(cac l345 ) 是木糖的转运蛋白 (Gu, Y., Y. Ding等 (2010).BMC Genomics 11(1): 255.), 但也有研究表明它也是阿拉伯糖的转 运蛋白(Servinsky, M. D., J. T. Kiel等 (2010).Microbiology 156(Pt 11): 3478-3491)。 因 此, 提高木糖的转化利用率可能进一步促进阿拉伯糖的利用率。
综上所述, 本领域中迫切需要开发出一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌在混合糖发酵 中的木糖和阿拉伯糖利用率的方法以及可实现该方法的菌株, 从而有利于其发 酵产物 (;如丁醇;)的工业化生产和应用。 发明内容 本发明的一方面的重要目的是提供一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌对木糖和 /或阿 拉伯糖利用率的方法, 从而能高效利用原料中的葡萄糖、 木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖发 酵生产丁醇、 丙酮和乙醇。 本发明的方法, 可通过抑制丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因 表达、 增加木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和木酮糖激酶的表达或活力提高木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的利用率。
本发明的另一重要目的在于提供一种具有提高的木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖利用 率的丙酮丁醇梭菌。 本发明的另一目的在于提供本发明方法或菌株在丁醇、 丙 酮和 /或乙醇生产中的用途。本发明的又一目的在于提供一种制备本发明菌株的 方法。
在本发明的第一方面中, 提供了一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌对木糖和 /或阿拉伯 糖的利用率的方法, 所述方法包括步骤:
(a) 对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行基因工程化改造, 以相对于野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌而 言: 抑制 glcG基因表达、 提高木糖转运蛋白的表达或活力、提高木糖异构酶的表达 或活力、 和 /或提高木酮糖激酶的表达或活力;
(b) 将步骤 (a)中所得的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌用于含木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的 原料的发酵中。
在本发明的优选例中, 与野生型丙酮丁醇梭相比, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇 梭对木糖的利用率至少提高了 20%,例如 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%或它们之间的任意区间, 优选 50〜500%, 优选 55〜400%, 更优选 60〜300%。
在本发明的优选例中, 与野生型丙酮丁醇梭相比, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇 梭发酵生产产物丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇的产率至少提高了 10%, 例如 20%, 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%或它们之间的任意区间, 优选 10〜500%, 优选 20〜400%, 更优选 50〜400%。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述丙酮丁醇梭菌选自: ATCC 824; EA 2018; 或其它可产丁醇、 丙酮和乙醇的丙酮丁醇梭菌。
在一个优选例中, 所述丙酮丁醇梭菌为 ATCC 824。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述抑制 glcG基因表达是通过选自下组的一 种或多种方式实现的: 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段、 部分或全部敲除 glcG基因、 引入反义核酸或干扰核酸、 引入 glcG抑制物; 所述提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶 和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力是通过选自下组的一种或多种方式实现的: 在丙酮 丁醇梭菌基因组中导入额外的木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶基因; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突变; 或提 供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
在一个优选例中, 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段是通过二类内含子插入技术在 glcG基因内部的任何位点插入 DNA (例如 glcG-targetron)、 或通过同源重组在 glcG 基因的任意位点插入 DNA序列实现的。
在一个实施方式中, 所述抑制 glcG基因表达是通过以下方式实现的: 在 glcG 基因第 1位到第 1923位碱基之间插入外源 DNA片段。 优选地, 在 glcG基因第 1位到 第 1761位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1554位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1248位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 270位之间, 或 269位到 270位之间插入外源 DNA片段。
在另一个优选例中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌的 glcG基因表达受抑制、 木糖转运蛋白过表达、 木糖异构酶过表达、 和 /或木酮糖激酶过表达。
在另一个优选例中, 所述 glcG基因表达受抑制包括: 不表达 glcG、 glcG表达量 下降、 无法表达具有完整结构和 /或功能的 glcG。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述木糖转运蛋白是来自于可利用木糖的生 物体的、用于木糖转运的蛋白或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段 经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而形成仍具有转运木糖功能的氨基 酸序列;所述木糖异构酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、用于催化木糖发生异构 的酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残 基的取代、缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木糖发生异构功能的氨基酸序列;所述木 酮糖激酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、用于催化木酮糖磷酸化的酶或其生物活 性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失 或添加而形成仍具有催化木酮糖磷酸化功能的氨基酸序列。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述生物体选自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希 氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌或沙门氏菌。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述木糖转运蛋白由 xylT基因编码; 木糖异 构酶由 xylA基因编码; 木酮糖激酶由 xylB基因编码。 在一个优选例中, 所述 xylT基 因选自: CA— C1345、 CEA— G1359或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上 述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子; 所述 xylB基因选自: CA— C2612、 CEA G2621 或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分 子; 所述 xylA基因选自: CA— C2610、 CEA— G2619或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交 的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子。
在另一个优选例中, 与野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌比较, 基因工程化改造的丙酮丁 醇梭菌的 glcG基因表达被抑制了 20~100%, 优选 35~100%, 优选 50~100%, 更优选 75〜100%; 糖转运蛋白的表达或活力提高了 50~200%, 更优选 75〜150%; 木糖异 构酶的表达或活力至少提高了 20%, 例如 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 1000%或它们之间的任意区间, 优选 20〜1000%, 优选 50〜500%, 更优选 75〜500%; 和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力提高了至少提高了 20%, 例如 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 1000%或它们之间的任意 区间, 优选 20〜1000%, 优选 50〜500%, 更优选 75〜500%。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌以选自下组的 一种或多种质粒转化: pWJl-glcG、 pIMPl-thl-xylT、 pIMPl-thl-xylA、 pIMPl-thl-xylB 、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A 、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xyl A 、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl-xylBA或 pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl。 在另一优选例 中,可采用任何对葡萄糖不敏感的启动子替代上述质粒中的 thl启动子来构建质粒, 优选 ptb、 adc启动子。
在一个优选例中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌选自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylT),丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylA)、丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylB)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMP 1-thl-xylB A)、 和丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMP 1-thl-xylT-thl-xylB A)、 丙 酮丁醇梭菌 glcG、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG pIMPl-thl)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylA)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylB)、 和丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylBA)。 在另一优 选例中, 可采用任何对葡萄糖不敏感的启动子替代上述质粒中的 thl启动子来构建 质粒, 并用该质粒制备基因工程化菌, 优选 ptb、 adc启动子。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述包含木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的原料选自: 纤 维素或半纤维素的水解液、 粮食、 棉花等。
在一个优选例中, 所述纤维素或半纤维素获自农林废弃物, 优选秸秆、 稻草 等非粮原料。
在另一个优选例中, 所述纤维素或半纤维素的水解是通过化学法水解或生物 酶水解的方法进行的。
在另一个优选例中, 所述原料中还包含葡萄糖, 优选包含葡萄糖-木糖-阿拉伯 糖、 葡萄糖-木糖。
在另一个优选例中, 所述原料中还包含葡萄糖, 优选包含葡萄糖-木糖-阿拉伯 糖、葡萄糖-木糖,其中木糖的含量不低于原料中总糖量的 5% (优选 6%, 8%, 10%) 在本发明的第二方面中, 提供了一种基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其与野生型 丙酮丁醇梭菌相比, 具有选自下组的一种或多种特征: glcG基因表达受抑制或 glcG 蛋白活力受抑制、木糖转运蛋白过表达或活力提高、木糖异构酶过表达或活力提高、 和 /或木酮糖激酶过表达或活力提高。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌通过选自下组的 一种或多种的基因工程化处理获得的: 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段、 部分或全部 敲除 glcG基因、 引入针对 glcG基因的反义核酸或干扰核酸、 引入 glcG抑制物; 导入 额外的木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶基因; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突变;或提供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
在另一个优选例中, 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段是通过二类内含子插入技术 在 glcG基因内部的任何位点插入 DNA、 或通过同源重组在 glcG基因的任意位点插 入 DNA序列实现的。
在一个实施方式中, 所述抑制 glcG基因表达是通过以下方式实现的: 在 glcG 基因第 1位到第 1923位碱基之间插入外源 DNA片段。 优选地, 在 glcG基因第 1位到 第 1761位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1554位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1248位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 270位之间, 或 269位到 270位之间插入外源 DNA片段。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌是基于选自下 组的丙酮丁醇梭菌构建的: ATCC 824或 EA2018, 应理解本领域普通技术人员可采 用已知的任何丙酮丁醇梭菌。 在一个优选例中, 所述丙酮丁醇梭菌为 ATCC 824。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述木糖转运蛋白是来自于可利用木糖的生 物体的、用于木糖转运的蛋白或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段 经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而形成仍具有转运木糖功能的氨基 酸序列;所述木糖异构酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、用于催化木糖发生异构 的酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残 基的取代、缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木糖发生异构功能的氨基酸序列;所述木 酮糖激酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、用于催化木酮糖磷酸化的酶或其生物活 性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失 或添加而形成仍具有催化木酮糖磷酸化功能的氨基酸序列。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述生物体选自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希 氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌或沙门氏菌。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中, 所述木糖转运蛋白由 xylT基因编码; 木糖异 构酶由 xylA基因编码; 木酮糖激酶由 xylB基因编码。 在一个优选例中, 所述 xylT基 因选自: CA— C1345、 CEA— G1359或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上 述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子; 所述 xylB基因选自: CA— C2612、 CEA G2621 或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分 子; 所述 xylA基因选自: CA— C2610、 CEA— G2619或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交 的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子。
在另一个优选例中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌以选自下组的一种或多种 质粒转化: pWJl-glcG , pIMPl-thl-xylT、 pIMPl-thl-xylA、 pIMPl-thl-xylB、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylBA、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylA、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB、 pIMPl-thl-xylBA或pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl。 在另一优选例中, 可采用任何对葡萄糖不 敏感的启动子替代上述质粒中的 thl启动子来构建质粒, 优选 ptb、 adc启动子。
在一个优选例中, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌选自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylT),丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylA)、丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylB)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMP 1-thl-xylB A)、 和丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMP 1-thl-xylT-thl-xylB A)、 丙 酮丁醇梭菌 glcG、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG pIMPl-thl)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylA)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylB)、 和丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylBA)。 在另一优 选例中, 可采用任何对葡萄糖不敏感的启动子替代上述质粒中的 thl启动子来构建 质粒, 并用该质粒制备基因工程化菌, 优选 ptb、 adc启动子。 在本发明的第三方面中, 提供了本发明的方法、 或本发明的基因工程化丙酮 丁醇梭菌在丁醇、 丙酮和 /或乙醇的生产中的用途。
在一个优选例中, 所述生产是发酵生产, 用于发酵的原料包含葡萄糖、 木糖、 阿拉伯糖中的一种或多种, 优选包含葡萄糖 -木糖 -阿拉伯糖、 葡萄糖-木糖。
在另一个优选例中, 用于发酵的原料获自: 纤维素或半纤维素的水解液、 粮 食, 优选所述纤维素或半纤维素获自农林废弃物, 更优选秸秆、 稻草等非粮原料。
在另一个优选例中, 所述纤维素或半纤维素的水解是通过化学法水解或生物 酶水解的方法进行的。
在本发明的第四方面中, 提供了一种制备本发明方法中所用的基因工程化丙 酮丁醇梭菌、或本发明上述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌的方法,所述方法包括对丙酮 丁醇梭菌进行选自下组的一种或多种基因工程化改造: 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片 段、部分或全部敲除 glcG基因、引入针对 glcG基因的反义核酸或干扰核酸、引入 glcG 抑制物; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突 变; 导入额外的木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶基因; 或提供瞬时表 达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
在另一个优选例中, 在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段是通过二类内含子插入技术 在 glcG基因内部的任何位点插入 DNA、 或通过同源重组在 glcG基因的任意位点插 入 DNA序列实现的。
在另一个优选例中, 所述方法还包括对所得基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌进行扩 大培养和 /或保存。 与采用野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌的常规方法比较, 采用本发明的方法或采用本发 明所提供的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 可使得丙酮丁醇梭菌在发酵中对木糖和 /或 阿拉伯糖利用率提高 20〜200%, 优选 25〜150%。
与采用野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌的常规方法比较, 采用本发明的方法或采用本发 明所提供的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 可使得丙酮丁醇梭菌在含有木糖 /阿拉伯糖 的物料发酵中生产产物丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇的产率至少提高 10%, 例如 20〜500%, 优选 10〜500%, 优选 20〜400%, 更优选 50〜400%。
本发明的其它方面由于本文的公开内容, 对本领域的技术人员而言是显而 易见的。 附图说明 图 1A所示为 4%葡萄糖 :2%阿拉伯糖 P2发酵 0-89hr的丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824glcG和丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824的残糖含量检测结果; 图 1B所示为 4% 葡萄糖 :2%木糖 P2发酵 0-89hr的丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824glcG和丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824的残糖含量检测结果。
图 2所示为 glcG中断菌株的菌落 PCR鉴定的凝胶电泳检测结果, 其中, NC 表示未加模板的阴性对照, WT所用的模板为丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824基因组, glcG突变体的模板分别为转化子 824glcGl-5, 分子量标记为 lkb DNA梯度。
图 3所示为 4%葡萄糖: 2%木糖 P2发酵 96hr的丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824、
824glcG、 824glcG-thl、 824glcG-xylT 、 824glcG-xylA、 824glcG-xylB和 824glcG-TBA葡萄糖、 木糖消耗量的检测结果。
图 4所示为梭菌质粒 PCR鉴定 824glcG中导入 pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylBA的检 测结果, 其中, A、 B表示不同位置的两对鉴定引物, " 一 "表示以水为模板扩 增的阴性对照, " + "表示以构建的质粒为模板扩增的阳性对照, 1〜6表示不 同菌株抽提的质粒, 6号为阳性。
图 5所示为 3.8%葡萄糖: 1.4%木糖:0.3%阿拉伯糖发酵824和8248100-丁8八的 残糖含量检测结果。
图 6所示为 3.8%葡萄糖: 1.4%木糖:0.3%阿拉伯糖发酵824和8248100-丁8八的 丁醇和 ABE的检测结果。
图 7所示为 1.5%阿拉伯糖和 1.5%木糖发酵 824的残糖含量检测结果。
图 8所示为细菌阿拉伯糖和木糖代谢的示意图。
图 9所示为 4%葡萄糖: 2%木糖发酵 824和 824-xylBA的残糖含量检测结果。 图 10所示为 4%葡萄糖: 2%木糖发酵 824和 824-xylT的残糖含量检测结果。 图 11所示为 4%葡萄糖: 2%木糖发酵 2018、 2018glcG和 2018glcG-TBA 96hr 的葡萄糖、 木糖消耗量的检测结果。 图 12所示为 4%葡萄糖: 2%木糖发酵 2018、 2018glcG和 2018glcG-TBA 96hr 的溶剂检测结果。 具体实施方式 本发明人经过长期而深入的研究, 开发出了一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌发酵过 程中的木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖利用率的方法, 从而能高效利用原料 (如纤维素或半 纤维素水解液)中的葡萄糖、 木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖单独或共发酵生产丁醇、 丙酮 和乙醇。 本发明的方法主要通过抑制丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达和增加木糖转 运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和木酮糖激酶的表达实现。 例如, 在本发明的一个优选实 施方式中, 通过在丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段和导入 pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA可实现本发明。
本发明人还进一步提供了用于上述方法的丙酮丁醇梭菌重组菌株, 其中丙 酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达被抑制、 xylT基因过表达、 xylA基因过表达和 /或 xylB 基因过表达。 例如, 在本发明的一个优选实施方式, 本发明提供的重组菌株的 基因组中的 glcG基因已插入 DNA片段从而导致其表达被抑制, 并且该菌株还过 表达的 xylT基因、 xylA基因和 xylB基因。
具体而言, 现有技术中在许多微生物 (如枯草、 大肠、 链霉菌;)中发现敲除 PTS系统都会导致葡萄糖利用延迟甚至不用, 故认为该靶点不是理想的改造靶 点。 然而, 发明人在本研究中通过敲除 glcG虽然使得发酵前期葡萄糖利用速率 有所降低, 但是葡萄糖的发酵周期并未延迟 (例如参见图 1A和 1B), 即并不以牺 牲葡萄糖的利用来换取木糖、 阿拉伯糖等次级碳源的利用。 并且, 发明人进一 步研究发现, 葡萄糖利用没有延迟的原因是葡萄糖非 PTS系统的激活补偿了葡 萄糖转运以及后续磷酸化。 发明人在丙酮丁醇梭菌中所发现的这一独特现象使 得 g/cG基因成为消除该微生物葡萄糖抑制效应的重要改造靶点。
并且, 细菌将木糖转化成 3-磷酸甘油醛进入中心代谢需经过多个步骤、 多 种酶的催化。 虽然过表达木糖途径全部基因以提高木糖利用率的策略在其它微 生物中有所报道, 但在丙酮丁醇梭菌中同时表达这么多基因目前在技术上是无 法实现的, 因此必须确认木糖途径中真正的限速基因,减少过表达基因的数量, 这项工作具有一定的挑战性。 本发明人通过研究发现木糖代谢瓶颈在于 xylT、 xylA和 xylB催化的三步反应。 分别过表达和同时过表达这三个基因, 确实提高 了菌体在混合糖发酵中的木糖利用率。 该项研究结果使得在丙酮丁醇梭菌中强 化木糖代谢途径的策略成为可能, 对工程菌的构建具有重要指导意义。
本发明的方法和菌株可用于高效利用葡萄糖-木糖-阿拉伯糖混合糖发酵生 产丁醇、 丙酮和乙醇的应用, 具有广阔的工业应用和市场前景。
如本文所用, 术语"丙酮丁醇梭菌 "是指一种革兰染色阳性、 细胞呈梭状、 且能产生丙酮和丁醇等物质的芽孢杆菌。 此类细菌能分解蛋白质和糖类, 并在 淀粉质及糖质原料发酵中产生大量的丙酮、 丁醇和乙醇等溶剂, 是重要的工业 发酵菌种。 本领域中有许多文献对此类细菌的种属和功能有所描述, 例如 Keis, S.等, Int. J. Syst. BacterioL, 45, 693, 1995; Keis, S.等, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51, 2095, 2001.等。 虽然本申请的实施例部分以 ATCC 824和 EA2018为例对本发 明进行了详细说明, 但应理解在本发明中可采用任何符合上述定义的丙酮丁醇 梭菌, 而不限于实施例。
如本文所用, 术语 "产率"是指生成物的产量比投入原料量的百分比。 在 本文中, 指乙醇、 丁醇和 /或丙酮的生成量比原料中投入总糖的量的百分比, 其 中总糖指原料中包含的所有的糖, 包括但不限于原料中的葡萄糖、 木糖、 和 / 或阿拉伯糖。
如本文所用, 术语 "利用率"是指丙酮丁醇梭菌消耗的原料的量比投入原 料的量的百分比。
如本文所用, 术语 "提高产率" , 或 "提高利用率" 是相对野生型菌株而 言, 具体是指比野生型菌株具有更高的产率或更高的利用率。
glcG基因的表达抑制或蛋白活性的抑制
本发明中所指的 "抑制丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达" , 既可以是降低丙酮 丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达量, 也可以是使丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因不表达或不能表 达出正确的蛋白质。 本领域中已知 glcG基因的序列 (; CA— C(0570; , 它编码 PTS 酶 II, 含 、 B、 C三个催化亚基, 本发明中也包含了这三个催化亚基中任一缺 失或受抑制从而引起的对 glcG整体表达和活力的抑制。
实现上述目的的方法在本领域中为一般技术人员所熟知 (例如但不限于 Shao, L., S. Hu等(2007). Cell Research 17(11): 963-965; Sambrook等人《分子克隆: 实验 室指南》(New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)), 在 it匕不具体描述。 例如, 根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 通过中断丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达, 能提高丙酮丁醇梭菌对木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的利用率。在本发明的另一个优选实 施例中, 所提供的丙酮丁醇梭菌重组菌株的基因组中 glcG基因表达被抑制, 不 能表达出具有完整结构的 glcG蛋白。
根据本发明, 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因的中断, 可采用二类内含子插入技术 在该基因内部的任何位点插入 DNA (;例如内含子或大小不超过 lkb的抗性基因, 如 pIMPl载体骨架上的红霉素抗性基因;)实现; 也可通过同源重组中断 glcG基 因, 用于中断 glcG基因的插入片段可在 glcG基因中的任意位点插入, 只需要能 使 glcG基因表达被中断或抑制即可; 还可以通过同源重组敲除 glcG部分或全部 序列实现, 只要能使得 glcG基因的表达被中断或被抑制或表达出不完整 glcG蛋 白即可。 上述方法可用于将 glcG基因失活。
此外, 对于丙酮丁醇梭菌的 glcG蛋白结构预测显示, 该蛋白质包含 A、 B、 C 三个催化亚基, 其中第 1位到第 416位氨基酸 (对应第 1位到第 1248位碱基;)是第一个 催化亚基 C, 第 417位到 518位氨基酸 (;对应第 1249位到第 1554位碱基;)是第二催化亚 基 B, 第 519位到第 641位氨基酸 (;对应第 1555位到第 1923位碱基)是第三催化亚基(:。 位于 glcG蛋白第二催化亚基的第 437位的半胱氨酸和位于 glcG蛋白第三催化亚基的 第 587位的组氨酸是关键的保守位点 (Martin Tangney, Wilfrid J. Mitchell. (2007). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (74): 398-405.)。 因此, 在本发明的优选实施方式中, 在 glcG基因的第 1-1923位碱基插入外源 DNA片段。 在本发明的另一优选实施方式 中, 在第 1位到第 1761位碱基之间插入外源 DNA片段, 或在第 1和第 1554位之间 插入外源 DNA片段, 或在第 1和第 1248位之间插入外源 DNA片段, 或在第 1和第 270位之间插入外源 DNA片段。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 在 glcG基因 的第 269/270位之间插入 DNA片段。
除此之外, 还可以采用反义核酸技术等本领域常规用于抑制特定基因表达 的方法来抑制 glcG基因的表达, 将 glcG表达量下调。 实现上述目的的方法在本 领域中为一般技术人员所熟知 (;例如但不限于 Tummala, S. B., N. E. Welker等 (2003Y J Bacteriol 185(6): 1923-1934; Sambrook等人《分子克隆: 实验室指南》(New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)), 因 it匕在 it匕不具体描述。
"重组敲除质粒载体"指的是用于敲除 glcG基因的重组质粒载体, 该载体 应理解为具有与 glcG基因的特定序列进行特异配对位点的重组质粒载体, 在上 述重组质粒载体中包括用于对 glcG基因进行特异性敲除的片段。
本发明的优选实施例中, 所使用的重组敲除质粒载体 pWJl-glcG指的是: 基于大肠杆菌和丙酮丁醇梭菌穿梭质粒 pWJl (其在丙酮丁醇梭菌中表达红霉素 抗性基因, 序列如 SEQ ID NO. : 1所示)构建的, 用于敲除 glcG基因的重组质粒 载体。 在该载体中, 使用的 glcG-targetron片段指的是在 IBS, EBS2, EBS ld位 点碱基经修改后,用于敲除 glcG基因的片段,该片段属于 Ll.LtrB内含子一部分, 所述的 L1丄 trB二类内含子为原核二类内含子, 其中包含 ltrA基因。 然而, 本领 域普通技术人员在实践本发明的方法时, 可以选取其它插入位点进行试验, 甚 至还可以不使用重组质粒载体进行试验, 只要能在 glcG基因中插入核酸片段以 中断 glcG基因的表达即可。
应理解, 除了可从基因水平对 glcG基因的表达进行抑制以外, 为了实现本 发明的目的, 还可对 glcG蛋白的活性进行抑制。 xylT、 xylA、 xylB基因表达或蛋白活力的上调
根据本发明, "提高基因表达" 、 "基因表达上调"或 "过表达" 既可以 是提高目的基因(即 xylT、 xylA和 /或 xylB基因)的表达量, 也可以是使目的基因 表达出活力提高的目的蛋白。
实现上述目的的方法在本领域中为一般技术人员所熟知 (例如但不限于
Sillers, R., M. A. Al-Hinai, et al. (2009). Biotechnology and Bioengineering 102(1): 38-49; Sambrook等人 《分子克隆: 实验室指南》 (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)), 在此不具体描述。
例如, 可在丙酮丁醇梭菌基因组中导入额外的 (如一或多个拷贝;)木糖转运 蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶基因; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶 和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突变; 或提供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异 构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
如本文所用, 术语 "木糖转运蛋白"是指来自于可利用木糖的任何生物体 (尤其是菌类;)中可用于木糖转运的蛋白或其生物活性片段, 所述生物体可为例 如 (但不限于;): 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖 杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌、 沙门 氏菌等。 关于木糖转运蛋白及其编码序列的描述可参见例如: Jojima, T.等 (2010). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85(3): 471-480; Sumiya, M.等 1995. Receptors Channels 3 : 117-28; Henderson, P. J. 1990. J Bioenerg Biomembr 22:525-69; Leandro, M. J.等 2006. Biochem J 395:543-9; Saloheimo, A.等 2007. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74: 1041-52; Weierstall, T.等 1999. Mol Microbiol 31 :871-83; Tarr, P. T. 等 2009. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791 :584-93; Davis, E. O.等 1987. J Biol Chem 262: 13928-32; Schneider, E. 2001. Res Microbiol 152:303-10。
如本文所用, 术语"木糖异构酶"是指来自于可利用木糖的任何生物体 (尤 其是菌类;)中用于催化木糖发生异构的酶或其生物活性片段,所述生物体可为例 如 (但不限于;): 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖 杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌、 沙门 氏菌等。 关于木糖异构酶及其编码序列的描述可参见例如: CN102037120A (;尤 其是其中的表 1)。
如本文所用, 术语"木酮糖激酶"是指来自于可利用木糖的任何生物体 (尤 其是菌类;)中用于催化木酮糖磷酸化的酶或其生物活性片段,所述生物体可为例 如 (但不限于;): 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖 杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌、 沙门 氏菌等。 关于木糖异构酶及其编码序列的描述可参见例如: CN102037120A (;尤 其是其中的表 2)。
本发明的 "木糖转运蛋白" 、 "木糖异构酶"及 "木酮糖激酶" 的定义中 还包括经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有其原有功 能的氨基酸序列及其生物活性片段, 例如将由野生型木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构 酶或木酮糖激酶中的氨基酸序列经过 1-20个, 优选 1-10个, 更优选 1-5个氨基酸 残基的取代、 缺失或添加而形成的, 且具有原有活性的衍生蛋白。 衍生蛋白可 包含一部分保守氨基酸的替代序列, 所述经氨基酸替换的序列并不影响其活性 或保留了其部分的活性。 适当替换氨基酸是本领域公知的技术, 所述技术可以 很容易地被实施, 并且确保不改变所得分子的生物活性。 这些技术使本领域人 员认识到, 一般来说, 在一种多肽的非必要区域改变单个氨基酸基本上不会改 变生物活性。 见 Watson等, " Molecular Biology of The Gene " (《基因分子生物 学》 , 第四版, 1987, 本杰明 /库明出版公司, The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. P224)。
应理解经保守取代的上文所述的序列也可用于本发明, 优选的活性衍生物 指与原氨基酸序列相比, 有至多 5个, 较佳地至多 3个, 更佳地至多 2个, 最佳 地 1个氨基酸被性质相似或相近的氨基酸所替换而形成多肽。 这些保守性变异 多肽最好根据本领域已知的保守氨基酸替换而产生。
术语 "编码序列"是指编码本发明上述蛋白或多肽的序列, 其可为本领域 中已知的序列(同上文献所述)、 在严格条件下与已知序列杂交的分子、 或与上 述分子高度同源的家族基因分子。
如本文所用, 术语 "严格条件"是指: (1)在较低离子强度和较高温度下的 杂交和洗脱,如 0.2 X SSC, 0.1%SDS, 60°C ;或 (2)杂交时加有变性剂,如 50%(v/v) 甲酰胺, 0.1%小牛血清 /0.1%Ficoll, 42°C等; 或 (3)仅在两条序列之间的相同性 至少在 50%, 优选 55%以上、 60%以上、 65%以上、 70%以上、 75%以上、 80% 以上、 85%以上或 90%以上, 更优选是 95%以上时才发生杂交。 例如, 所述序列 可为 (X)中所限定序列的互补序列。
本发明的编码序列或其片段通常可以用 PCR扩增法、 重组法或人工合成的 方法获得。 对于 PCR扩增法, 可根据本发明所公开的有关核苷酸序列, 尤其是 开放阅读框序列来设计引物, 并用市售的 cDNA库或按本领域技术人员已知的 常规方法所制备的 cDNA库作为模板, 扩增而得有关序列。 当序列较长时, 常 常需要进行两次或多次 PCR扩增, 然后再将各次扩增出的片段按正确次序拼接 在一起。
应理解, 本发明的编码序列优选获自丙酮丁醇梭菌, 获自其它菌或生物、 与获自丙酮丁醇梭菌的编码序列高度同源 (;如具有 50%以上,优选 55%以上、 60% 以上、 65%以上、 70%以上、 75%以上、 80%以上, 更优选 85%以上如 85%、 90%、 95%、 甚至 98%序列相同性)的其它编码序列也在本发明优选考虑的等同范围之 内。 比对序列相同性的方法和工具也是本领域周知的, 如 BLAST。
根据本发明, "重组质粒载体" 指的是用于过表达 xylT基因、 xylA基因和
/或 xylB基因的的质粒载体。 在本发明的一个优选例中, 该载体为含有来源于丙 酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824 thl基因的启动子和 xylT基因、 xylA基因和 /或 xylB基因的 重组质粒载体。 在本发明的另一优选例中, 可采用任何对葡萄糖不敏感的启动 子 (;如 thl、 ptb、 adc启动子;)来构建本发明的重组质粒载体。
例 如 , 本 发 明 的 具 体 实 例 中 , 使 用 的 重 组 质 粒 载 体
" pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylB " 指的是基于大肠杆菌和丙酮丁醇梭菌穿梭质粒 pIMPl-thl (;其在丙酮丁醇梭菌中表达红霉素抗性基因, 序列如 SEQ ID NO. : 2所 示;)构建的, 用于过表达 xylT基因和 xylB基因的重组质粒载体, 其中, 使用的启 动子是来源于丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC824的 thl基因。
本发明中可采用类似定义的其它载体, 例如但不限于: pIMPl-thl-xylT、 pIMPl-thl-xylA, pIMPl-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A , pIMPl-thl-xylT -thl-xylA、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl-xylBA等。 抑制 glcG基因的表达或蛋白活性并同时上调 xylT、 xylA、 xylB基因表达或 蛋白活力
在本发明的方法中, 更为有利是在抑制 glcG基因的表达或蛋白活性的同 时, 上调 xylT、 xylA、 xylB中一种或多种基因的表达或一种或多种蛋白的活力。
可采用本领域中常规的方法, 实现上述优选方案。 例如, 可同时或先后采 用多种质粒对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行转化, 例如先采用 pWJl-glcG转化、 再采用 pIMPl-thl-xylT, pIMPl-thl-xylA, pIMPl-thl-xylB, pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xyl A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl-xylBA中的一 种或多种进行转化。
例如, 在本发明中, 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT)是指用重组敲除质 粒载体 pWJl-glcG敲除了 glcG基因以抑制该基因表达,并用重组质粒载体 pIMPl -thl-xylT转化以实现 xylT基因的过表达而构建的重组丙酮丁醇梭菌菌株。
在本发明中可采用类似的方法构建的其它重组菌株, 例如但不限于: 丙酮 丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylA)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylB)、 丙酮丁醇 梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylBA)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA)等。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 在 824glcG中单独过表达 xylT、 xylA、 xylB 基因和 /或共表达 xylT、 xylA、 xylB基因中的两者或三者, 能进一步提高丙酮丁 醇梭菌混合糖发酵中的木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖利用率。
根据本发明, 使用的重组菌株, 既可以是本发明提供的抑制丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达和过表达 xylT基因、 xylA基因和 xylB基因的菌株, 也可以是根据 本发明的教导和现有技术, 制备的其它的抑制丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG基因表达和过 表达 xylT基因、 xylA基因和 xylB基因的菌株, 如采用反义核酸技术降低 glcG表 达量的菌株。 采用本发明重组菌株的发酵生产
本文中, 术语 " ABE" 为丙酮丁醇梭菌发酵生产的产物丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇 (Acetone-butanol-ethanol)的简称, 术语 " ABE浓度" 是指所得丙酮、 丁醇、 乙 醇的总浓度。
本发明提供的方法和菌株对发酵原料中的木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的利用率显 著提高, 同时转化生成的 ABE浓度相应提高, 因此可用于丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇的 发酵生产。 并且, 本发明构建的工程菌株提高了混合糖中木糖和阿拉伯糖的消 耗率, 能高效利用葡萄糖-木糖-阿拉伯糖进行发酵, 因此这些菌株有利用木质 纤维素水解液进行丙酮丁醇发酵的潜力。
本文中, 术语 "发酵"是指采用本发明的重组丙酮丁醇梭菌, 由含糖原料 通过生物转化生产丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇等产物的过程。 该过程可采用本领域中常 规使用的发酵设备和工艺进行, 本领域普通技术人员可根据实际需要和条件对 设备和工艺进行选择。
用于本发明发酵生产的原料可为单一糖或混合糖, 例如木糖 -阿拉伯糖、葡 萄糖 -木糖 -阿拉伯糖。 使用的含糖原料既可以是直接使用葡萄糖、 木糖和 /或阿 拉伯糖配制获得的单一糖或混合糖 (;如葡萄糖-木糖-阿拉伯糖;),也可以是发酵或 水解高分子化合物 (如水解纤维素或半纤维素等;), 获得的混合糖。 含糖原料可 获自传统的粮食, 但更优选地获自非粮原料, 例如廉价的木质纤维素资源或农 林废弃物, 如秸秆、 稻草等, 根据现有技术文献中的报道在绝大多数的秸秆或 稻草中葡萄糖、 木糖和阿拉伯糖的比例可为 20〜60质量%葡萄糖: 3〜24质量% 木糖: 0.5〜5质量%阿拉伯糖 (Aristidou, A. and M. Penttila (2000). Curr Opin Biotechnol 11(2): 187- 198; Jeewon Lee, Journal of Biotechnology 56 (1997) 1 - 24)。 在本发明的一些实施方式中, 混合糖中各种糖的比例可为 2〜5%葡萄糖: 0.3〜2%木糖: 0.05%〜5%阿拉伯糖, 更优选 3.9%葡萄糖 : 1.5%木糖: 0.3%阿拉伯 糖 (;所示百分比为 w/v)。
应理解, 本发明实施例部分虽然仅基于本领域常用的典型模式丙酮丁醇梭 菌 ATCC 824 , 本领域普通技术人员在阅读了本发明之后, 可在不脱离本发明精 神和范围的基础上对其它丙酮丁醇梭菌进行改造以获得所需的提高的糖利用 率。 本发明的优点
本发明的主要优点在于:
1. 本发明中突破性地发现了在其它菌中被认为是不利于改造的靶点 PTS 系统可用于丙酮丁醇梭菌的改造, 使得 glcG基因成为消除该微生物葡萄糖抑制 效应的重要改造靶点;
2. 明确了木糖途径中真正的限速基因, 通过对 xylT、 xylA和 xylB基因的改 造, 提高了菌体在混合糖发酵中的木糖利用率, 对工程菌的构建具有重要指导 意义;
3. 提供了一种新颖的基因工程化改造的丙酮丁醇梭菌,其可高效利用发酵 原料中木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖生产丁醇、 乙醇和丙酮等重要工业原料;
4. 提供了一种采用本发明丙酮丁醇梭菌、 高效利用发酵原料中木糖和 /或 阿拉伯糖生产丁醇、 乙醇和丙酮等重要工业原料的方法, 该方法扩大了发酵原 料的可选范围, 降低了生产成本, 且具有更高的产率和效率。 实施例 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说 明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方 法, 通常按照常规条件如 Sambrook等人 《分子克隆: 实验室指南》 (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press , 1989)中所述的条件, 或按照制造厂商所建 议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和份数按重量计算。 发酵液或糖溶液中 糖的百分比为 w/v%。 术语说明
除非另行定义, 文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟 悉的意义相同。 此外, 任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于 本发明中。 文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
本发明的下述实施例中, 使用的菌株丙酮丁醇梭菌 Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824含有的 glcG、 xylT、 xylB和 xylA基因是现有技术已知 的, 其在 NCBI核酸数据库中基因组内的序号分别是: CA— C0570、 CA— C 1345、 CA— C2612禾 n CA— C2610。 使用的菌株丙酮丁醇梭菌 EA2018含有的 glcG、 xylT、 xylB和 xylA基因是现有技术已知的,其在 NCBI核酸数据库中基因组内的序号分 别是: CEA— G0584、 CEA— G1359 ; CEA— G2621和 CEA— G2619, 这些序列与 ATCC824的相应序列完全相同。
本发明的下述实施例中," ABE "为丙酮、丁醇、乙醇 ( Acetone-butanol-ethanol) 的简称, ABE浓度指的是溶液中丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇的总浓度。
本发明的下述实施例中, " 824glcG " 是指基于 ATCC 824构建的、 glcG基 因表达受抑制甚至不表达的菌株。 "重组质粒载体 pIMPl-thl "是指表达 xylT、 xylB和 xylA基因的重组质粒载 体 (;其序列如 SEQ ID NO: 2所示 thl启动子是来源于丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824 thl 基因的启动子。
"重组敲除质粒载体 pWJl-glcG " 是指用于敲除 glcG基因的重组质粒载体 (其序列如 SEQ ID NO: 10所示), 其中, 使用的 glcG-targetron片段指的是在 IBS, EBS2,EBS ld位点碱基经修改后,用于敲除 glcG基因的片段,该片段属于 L1丄 trB 内含子一部分, 所述的 Ll.LtrB二类内含子为原核二类内含子, 其中包含 ltrA基 因。 菌株和质粒
本发明使用的菌株和质粒分别为:
质粒 pWJl为大肠杆菌 和丙酮丁醇梭菌的穿梭质粒 (;将来源于丁酸梭 菌 DSM10702的复制子 pCB 102替换掉 pSY6的复制子 pIM13),在丙酮丁醇梭菌中 表达红霉素抗性基因, 该质粒的序列见 SEQ ID NO. : 1。
质粒 pIMPl-thl为大肠杆菌和丙酮丁醇梭菌的穿梭质粒 (载体骨架基于参考 文献 Mermelstein, L. D. and E. T. Papoutsakis (1993). Appl Environ Microbiol 59(4): 1077-1081.中的 pIMPl, 区别仅在于引入了 thl基因 (cac2873)的启动子), 在丙酮丁醇 梭菌中表达红霉素抗性基因, 该质粒的序列见 SEQ ID NO. : 2。
质粒 pANS l,序列见 SEQ ID NO.: 3 (Mermelstein, L. D和 E. T. Papoutsakis (1993). Appl Environ Microbiol 59(4): 1077-1081.), 含壮观霉素抗性基因。
菌株大肠杆菌 ER2275购自 New England Biolabs公司。
菌株丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824购于 ATCC公司。 菌株丙酮丁醇梭菌 EA 2018 来自于专利 ZL 951 11733.5, 它和 ATCC824的比较基因组组学研究参见文献 Hu, S. Y., H. J. Zheng(2011). "Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed genetic characteristics related to solvent formation and xylose utilization in Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018." BMC Genomics 12. 试剂
本发明中使用的 PCR纯化和 DNA凝胶回收纯化试剂盒均购自华舜生物制 品有限公司, Targetron™ Gene Knockout System(TA0100)Kit购自 Sigma-Aldrich 公司, 基因组抽提试剂盒购自上海生工生物工程有限公司。 在本发明的下述实施例中, 使用的培养基和缓冲液如下:
CGM培养基酉己方如下 (Joseph W. Roos等, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, P681-694, Vol 557, 1985): 2g (NH4)2SO4, lg Κ2ΗΡΟ4·3Η2Ο, 0.5g KH2PO4, O. lg MgSO4-7H2O , 0.015g FeSO4'7H2O, O.O lg CaCl2, O.Olg MnSO4'H2O, 0.002g CoCl2, 0.002g ZnSO4, 2g 胰蛋白胨, lg 酵母提取物 (Yeast Extraction) , 50g 葡 萄糖, 2%琼脂溶于 1L水中。
P2培养基的配制方法如下(F. Monot等, Appl Environ Microbiol, Issue 6, Vol 44, 1982):
溶液 1 : 40g D-葡萄糖: 20g D-木糖或 40g D-葡萄糖: 20g L-阿拉伯糖, 加 H2O定溶至 850mL;
溶液 2: NH4Ac 2.2g, Κ2ΗΡΟ4·3Η2Ο 0.5g, KH2PO4 0.5g, 加 H2O定溶至 lOOmL;
溶液 3: 2.0g MgSO4-7H2O , 0. lg MnSO4'H2O, 0. lg NaCl, 0. lg FeSO4'7H2O; 溶液 4 : 100ml蒸馏水中加入 100 mg氨基苯甲酸 (p-aminobenzoic acid) , lOOmg维生素 B l(thiamine) , lmg生物素 (biotin);
溶液 1和溶液 2高温湿热灭菌, 溶液 3和溶液 4过滤除菌, 溶液 1和溶液 2冷 却后混合均匀, 再加入 10mL溶液 3和 lmL溶液 4, 混匀后分装成 95mL/瓶, 以过 滤除菌, N2排除瓶中的空气。
发酵罐中模仿水解液糖比例 5.5%w/v的 P2培养基配制方法如下:
溶液 1 : 56.4g D-葡萄糖、 21.7g D-木糖和 4.3g L-阿拉伯糖, 加 H2O定溶 至 1240mL;
溶液 2: NH4Ac 3.3g, Κ2ΗΡΟ4·3Η2Ο 0.75g, KH2PO4 0.75g, 加 H2O定溶 至 150mL;
溶液 3: 2.0g MgSO4-7H2O , 0. lg MnSO4'H2O, 0. lg NaCl, 0. lg FeSO4'7H2O; 溶液 4: 在 100ml蒸馏水中加入 lOOmg氨基苯甲酸 (p-aminobenzoic acid),
1 OOmg维生素 B 1 (thiamine), 1 mg生物素 (biotin);
溶液 1和溶液 2高温湿热灭菌, 溶液 3和溶液 4过滤除菌, 溶液 1与发酵罐 一起灭菌后, 通 N2冷却, 再和溶液 2混合均匀, 再加入 15mL溶液 3和 1.5mL溶液 4。
ETM缓冲液配方如下: 270mM蔗糖, 0.6mM Na2HPO4, 4.4mM NaH2PO4, lOmM MgCl2。 ET缓冲液配方如下: 270mM蔗糖, 0.6mM Na2HPO4, 4.4mM NaH2PO4。 本发明使用的限制性内切酶, Taq DNA聚合酶, T4 DNA连接酶和小牛碱 性磷酸酶 (CIAP)均购自 TaKaRa公司, KOD plus DNA聚合酶购自 Toyobo公司。
其它常规试剂均为国产或进口分装。 序列表说明
序列表中 SEQ ID NOs: 1-38分别代表如下序列:
表 1. 序列表中序列的含义
Figure imgf000023_0001
叩=上游引物 **^! =下游引物 实施例概述
本发明通过 PCR扩增用于表达 xylT、 xylB和 xylA基因的片段和中断 glcG基 因的 targetron片断, 然后经双酶切、 并与经同样酶切的 pIMPl-thl或 pWJl载体连 接, 得到质粒 pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA和 pWJl-glcG, 电转丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824 glcG和丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824或 EA 2018, 然后经梭菌质粒 PCR鉴定出有 外源基因片段的存在和内含子插入到基因组中的重组菌, 经发酵验证确定重组 菌在混合糖中木糖、 阿拉伯糖消耗率提高, 具体如下述实施例所示。 实施例 1. 构建 pWJl-glcG质粒载体
通过 PCR扩增 glcG targetron片断,然后使用 ^ ol和 ^rG I进行双酶切, 并与 同样经 J oI和 ^rG I酶切的 pWJl载体连接, 得到中断质粒 pWJl-glcG, 其中, PCR扩增 glcG targetron的模板及引物设计方法来源于 Sigma- Aldrich公司的 Targetron™ Gene Knockout System(TAOlOO)试剂盒, 具体步骤如下:
1.1 PCR扩增引物
参考 TargetronTM Gene Knockout System(TAOlOO)试剂盒提供的方法, 分别 设计引物 glcG-IBS (如序列 SEQ ID NO. : 4所示)、 glcG-EBS ld (如序列 SEQ ID NO. : 5所示)和 glcG-EBS2(如序列 SEQ ID NO. : 6所示), 用于构建 pWJl-glcG质 粒载体。
PCR扩增需要的 EBS通用引物 (EBS universal)由 Targetron™ Gene Knockout System(TAOlOO)试剂盒自带。 1.2 PCR扩增
使用 Sigma- Aldrich的 Targetron™ Gene Knockout System(TAOlOO)试剂盒进 行 PCR扩增 (PCR反应条件: 94°C30s, 94°C30s、 55°C30s、 72°C 30s 30个循环, 72°C2min, 4°C保存 扩增需要的模板和试剂由试剂盒提供, 将 PCR产物进行 琼脂糖凝胶电泳, 然后使用华舜公司的胶回收试剂盒纯化回收 350bp处的条带。
1.3 构建 pWJl-glcG重组质粒载体
使用 I及 ^rGI分别酶切载体 pWJl和 glcG-targetron片段, 然后使用华舜 公司的胶回收试剂盒纯化回收酶切后产物。
将酶切后的 glcG-targetron片段与酶切后的载体片段使用 T4 DNA连接酶连 接, 该连接反应在 16°C水浴锅中进行 10hr, 将获得的连接产物以 CaCl2热休克法 转化大肠杆菌 DH5a感受态细胞: 42°C 热击 90sec, 然后添加 4°C LB液体培养 基复苏 lhr, 然后将细胞以 4500rpm离心 5min, 涂布到含有 10(^g/mL氨苄青霉素 的 LB固体培养基平板上培养 16-18hr。
对获得的菌落进行菌落 PCR (反应试剂由 Sigma-Aldrich的 Targetron™ Gene Knockout System(TAOlOO)试剂盒提供、 条件: 95 °C5min, 94°C 30s、 55°C 30s、 72°C30s 30个循环, 72°C2min, 4°C保存), 以检测 350bp的 targetron片段是否连 接入 pWJl载体中, PCR扩增引物为 IBS和 EBSld。
PCR检测结果显示, 菌落 PCR可以扩增出 350bp特异性条带。 随即挑取 PCR 呈阳性的菌落以 LB液体培养基扩培,提取质粒。然后,以 dpIMPl-up(SEQ ID NO: 7)作为引物, 提取的质粒作为模板进行测序, 结果如预期: targetron片段确已 连接入 pWJl载体)。 实施例 2. 丙酮丁醇梭菌 /cG突变株的构建、 检测与敲除质粒的丢失 将 pWJl-glcG质粒经大肠杆菌 ER2275/pANSl在 Cac8 I位点甲基化后, 电转 丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824, 复苏过夜后, 取 200μ1细胞液涂布于加有 2(^g/mL红 霉素的 CGM平板上,在厌氧箱内 37°C培养 48-96小时后,挑取单菌进行菌落 PCR 验证, 具体过程如下:
2.1 pWJl-glcG质粒的甲基化
为防止外源 DNA进入丙酮丁醇梭菌后被其限制系统切割降解, 需对 pWJl-glcG质粒进行甲基化 (Mermelstein, L. D禾口 Papoutsakis, E. T.Appl Environ Microbiol. vol 59. issue 4: p 1077-81)。
将 pANSl质粒以 CaCl2热休克法转化入大肠杆菌 ER2275, 获得菌株大肠杆 菌 ER2275/pANSl。
将抽提获得的 pWJl-glcG质粒转化入大肠杆菌 ER2275/pANSl感受态细胞, 由于 pANSl质粒具有壮观霉素抗性, 因此涂布于含有 10(^g/mL氨苄青霉素和 5(^g/mL壮观霉素的 LB培养基平板上培养过夜后, 挑取单菌落接至 4mL添加有 10(^g/mL氨苄青霉素和 5(^g/mL壮观霉素的 LB液体培养基中过夜培养, 获得含 pANSl及 pWJl-glcG的大肠杆菌 ER2275, 用质粒抽提试剂盒抽提质粒, 将抽提 获得的质粒使用 酶切验证(以未转化入大肠杆菌 ER2275/pANSl的 pSY6-ccpA为对照; 为 CacS /的同裂酶, 与 CacS /具有相同的识别位点), 酶切结果显示, 经上述处理的质粒 pWJl-glcG不能被 Sat/酶切, 而对照可被 Sat/ 酶切, 根据酶切结果, 经上述处理的质粒 pWJl-glcG的 Ca ^W酶切位点被甲基 化而不被丙酮丁醇梭菌的限制系统所识别。
2.2 pWJl-glcG质粒电转入丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824
将丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824于 CGM培养基平板上划线培养 48hr后, 挑取单 菌落接入 5mL CGM液体培养基中培养 16hr,再按 1%接种量接入 50mL CGM液体 培养基中培养, 当培养菌体的 OD6(K)达到 0.6-0.7之间时取出培养菌, 用于制备电 转感受态细胞。 取 30mL菌液, 于 4°C、 4500rpm离心 10min, 弃上清, 加入 30mL 4°C的 ETM缓冲液悬浮, 再于 4°C、 4500rpm离心 10min, 弃上清, 加入 lmL 4°C 的 ET缓冲液, 获得悬浮菌液。
取上述悬浮菌液 190μΙ^, 加入 ΙΟμΙ^ (约 l〜3 g)pWJl-glcG甲基化质粒 (;冰上操 作), 混匀后转入电转杯中(2mm直径), 使用 Bio-Rad MicroPulser™电转仪电转, 电压 1.8kV, 其余参考使用手册, 电击后迅速加入常温的 CGM培养基 lmL, 于 37°C培养 8hr后, 取 20(^L细胞液涂布于加有 2(^g/mL红霉素的 CGM平板上, 于 厌氧箱内 37°C培养约 2〜4天。
2.3 菌落的 PCR验证
pWJl-glcG质粒转化入丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824中后, 可能会将二类内含子 的部分序列插入到基因组的 glcG基因中, 是否有内含子插入可以使用插入位点 上下游的引物, 通过菌落 PCR加以验证(未插入内含子的野生型菌将扩增出 400bp的条带, 插入有内含子的重组菌株将扩增出的条带为 1.3Kb条带 因此, 随机挑取五个转化子进行验证, 其中, 以丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824基因组为阴性 对照, 具体过程如下:
PCR反应使用的引物为 glcG— 126-145和8^^—473-492, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 8和 SEQ ID No. : 9所示;
PCR反应体系: 与实施例 1相同;
PCR反应条件: 95 °C 5min; 95 °C 30s, 55 °C 30s, 72 °C 1.5min, 30个循 环; 72 °C 5 mine
将 PCR反应获得的产物, 进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 结果如图 2所示。 根据图 2的结果, 得到的五个转化子均为插入了内含子的突变体。
2.4 测序验证阳性转化子
随机挑取步骤 2.3中对应于图 2中标记为 4的阳性转化子, 以加有 2(^g/mL红 霉素的 CGM液体培养基培养后, 抽提基因组。 以抽提的基因组为模板, 以 glcG- —126-145和 glcG— 473-492为引物对进行 PCR扩增, 回收扩增获得的 1.3kb DNA条 带并测序, 结果如 SEQ ID NO. : 10所示。 测序结果显示, 该序列的 101-1015位 点的 DNA为插入的内含子序列,即内含子序列精确地插入到预计的 269|270位点 之间。
2.5 824/pWJl-glcG敲除质粒的丢失
将 ΙΟμΙ生长至对数生长期的转化子分别转接至 5ml CGM无抗和含有红霉 素 (2(^g/ml)的试管中, 12〜15小时转接一次, 直至抗性试管不再生长为止, 此 过程需约 2天。将抗性试管不再生长时对应代时的无抗试管菌液涂板,菌落 PCR、 测序验证 (同 2.3、 2.4)保证内含子的插入, 将丢失敲除质粒的突变株 824glcG用 于后续的代谢工程改造。 实施例 3. 824glcG突变株的发酵
取步骤 2.5中的中断了 glcG基因的丙酮丁醇梭菌菌株 824glcG在 P2培养基中 发酵, 并检测发酵液, 具体过程如下:
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以 1%接 种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~10hr, 使菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.4, 以 5%接入 P2培养基中培养发酵, 取发酵液检测残糖含量 (;使用 WATERS公司的 sugar-park 柱经 Agela 1200 HPLC测定, 结果如图 1所示), 并以丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824作 为对照, 其中, 测定发酵液中的残糖含量前需进行如下预处理: 发酵液经离心 后, 分别取上清液, 以 ¾0经 20倍稀释后用于残糖测定。
结果显示: glcG基因经插入失活后, 在葡萄糖存在下, 阿拉伯糖和木糖的 最终消耗量分别增加了 94%和 117% (;图 1)。该结果证明了 glcG经插入失活后显著 减弱了葡萄糖抑制效应。图 1显示结果表明在 40g/L葡萄糖和 23g/L阿拉伯糖混糖 发酵中, 野生型菌株消耗了 9.87g/L阿拉伯糖, glcG失活菌株消耗了 19.15g/L阿 拉伯糖; 在 41g/L葡萄糖和 22g/L木糖混糖发酵中, 野生型菌株消耗了 5.62g/L木 糖, glcG失活菌株消耗了 12.17g/L木糖。野生型菌株最终消耗了占总糖量约 8.8% 的木糖。
本研究中敲除 glcG虽然使得发酵前期葡萄糖利用速率有所降低, 但是葡萄糖 的发酵周期并未延迟 (图 1A和 B), 即并不以牺牲葡萄糖的利用来换取木糖、 阿拉伯 糖等次级碳源的利用。 实施例 4. 824glcG以 4o/。W/V葡萄糖为碳源的 P2发酵中不同时期葡萄糖激酶活力 的测定
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以 1%接 种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~10hr, 使菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.4, 接入 950ml P2培养基中培养发酵, 并以丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824作为对照, 当 OD6(K)=1.8和 4-4.5时, 4°C, 5000rpm, lOmin离心收集 250ml菌体并用液氮速冻。 将速冻后的 细胞重悬在 6ml含有 10%v/v甘油的 Tris-HCl缓冲液 (50mM, pH7.4)中,用 One Shot 细胞破碎仪 (Low March, Daventry, Northants, UK)将之破碎 (30KPSI, 2次)后, 4°C,
12000rpm, 3 Omin离心收集上清用于酶活测定。酶活测定方法参见文献 (Seno, E. T. 和 K. F. Chater (1983).Joumal of General Microbiology 129(May): 1403-1413.)中利用酶耦 联反应检测 NADP减少的方法。
表 2所示为 824和 824glcG在产酸期 (OD6(K)=1.8)和产溶剂期 (OD6(K) = 4-4.5)在
4%葡萄糖 P2培养基中葡萄糖激酶的比活力。
表 2. 824和 824glcG的葡萄糖激酶的比活力
^ ~~ 葡萄糖激酶的比活力 (U/mg)
产酸期 产溶剂期
824 0.16±0.02 0.23±0.06
824glcG 0.31±0.13 1.05±0.36 该结果显示: 824glcG的葡萄糖激酶的活力在产酸期和产溶剂期分别比野 生型高出 0.9、 3.6倍。 该结果证实了产溶剂期葡萄糖激酶活力的迅速提高很好 的弥补了产酸期葡萄糖利用滞后的表型, 也很好解释了突变株用完葡萄糖的时 间没有滞后的原因。 gP, 实施例 3中葡萄糖利用没有延迟的原因是葡萄糖非 PTS 系统的激活补偿了突变株 824glcG的葡萄糖转运以及后续磷酸化。
上述结果表明: g/cG基因可成为消除丙酮丁醇梭菌葡萄糖抑制效应的重要改 造靶点。 实施例 5. 824菌株在 1.5% w/v的木糖和阿拉伯糖中的发酵
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以 1%接 种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~10hr, 使菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.4, 以 5%接入 100ml P2培养基中培养发酵, 取发酵液检测残糖含量 (;使用 WATERS公司的 sugar-park柱经 Agela 1200 HPLC测定, 结果如图 7所示), 其中测定发酵液中的 残糖含量前需进行如下预处理: 发酵液经离心后, 分别取上清液, 以 ¾0经 20 倍稀释后用于残糖测定。
结果显示: 824菌株在 40小时内就能完全消耗 17.16g/L的阿拉伯糖, 而这时 的木糖利用才刚刚开始, 在 80小时后仍有 1.41g/L木糖的残留。 低糖发酵能避免 过多的终产物如丁醇等菌体的毒害作用, 824菌株在低木糖发酵中仍表现出利 用不完全的表型, 说明除了 CCR效应、 产物抑制外, 824木糖代谢途径天然存 在问题。 因此, 需要寻求一种可改善该代谢途径的新方法。 实 施 例 6. 构 建 pIMPl-thl-xylT 、 p!MPl-thl-xylA 、 p!MPl-thl-xylB 、 pIMP 1 -thl-xvlBA、 IMP 1 -thl-xylT— thl禾卩 pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylB A质粒载体
以丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824基因组为模板,设计引物扩增 xylT、 thl引物、 ylB 和 xylA, 酶切处理后与同样酶切处理的载体相连, 转化 DH5a, 菌落 PCR验证并 抽提质粒测序。 其中, PCR、 酶切、 连接转化、 菌落 PCR方法同实施例 1。 具体 过程如下:
4.1 pIMPl-thl-xylT的构建
以 xylT-up和 xylT-dn为引物扩增出 xylT片段, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 20 和 SEQ ID No. : 17所示。 使用 Sa/I和 分别酶切载体 pIMP l-thl和 xylT片段, 二者连接、 转化 DH5a后用同样的引物鉴定, 将有阳性条带的菌落抽提质粒, 测 序验证正确后保菌。
4.2 pIMPl-thl-xylA的构建
以 xylA-up和 xylA-dn为引物扩增出 xylA片段, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. :
21和 SEQ ID No. : 22所示。 使用 a HI及 S al分别酶切载体 pIMPl-thl禾卩 xylA片 段,二者连接、转化 DH5a后用同样的引物鉴定,将有阳性条带的菌落抽提质粒, 测序验证正确后保菌。 4.3 pIMPl-thl-xylB的构建
以 xylB-up和 xylB-dn为引物扩增出 xylB片段, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 23和 SEQ ID No. : 24所示。 使用 a HI及 coRI分别酶切载体 pIMPl-thl禾卩 xylB 片段, 二者连接、 转化 DH5a后用同样的引物鉴定, 将有阳性条带的菌落抽提质 粒, 测序验证正确后保菌。
4.4 pIMPl-thl-xylBA的构建
以 xylB-up和 xylA-dn为引物扩增出 xylBA片段, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 23和 SEQ ID No. : 22所示。 使用 a HI及 S al分别酶切载体 pIMP l-thl和 xylBA 片段, 二者连接、 转化 DH5a后用同样的引物鉴定, 将有阳性条带的菌落抽提质 粒, 测序验证正确后保菌。 4.5 pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl的构建
以 Thl2-up和 Thl2-dn为引物扩增出 thl启动子片段, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 25禾卩 SEQ IDNo.: 26所示。使用; ¾αΙ及 a HI分别酶切载体 pIMPl-thl-xylT 和 thl启动子片段, 二者连接、 转化 DH5a后用引物 dxylT-重叠 -up和 dpIMPl-dn鉴 定, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 18和 SEQ ID No.: 14所示。 将有阳性条带的菌 落抽提质粒, 测序验证正确后保菌。
4.6 pIMP 1 -thl-xylT-thl-xylBA的构建
以 xylBA-up和 xylBA-dn为引物扩增出 xylBA操纵子, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 27和 SEQ ID No.: 28所示。 使用 ΒωηΗΙ及 Smal分别酶切载体 pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl和 xylBA操纵子, 二者连接、 转化 DH5a后用引物 dxylT-重叠 -up和 dxylBA-重叠 -dn鉴定, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 18和 SEQ ID No.: 19所 示。 将有阳性条带的菌落抽提质粒, 测序验证正确后保菌。 实施例 7. 丙酮丁醇梭菌 824(pIMPl-thl-xylBA)、 824(pIMPl-thl-xylT 、 824glcG(pIMPl-thn、 824glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT 、 824glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylA 、 824glcG(pIMPl-thl-xvlB 、 和 824glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA)突变株的构建 与检测
将实施例 6中构建正确的 pIMP l-thl-xylBA、 pIMPl-thl-xylT甲基化后电转进 入 ATCC824; 将 pIMPl-thl禾卩实施例 6中构建正确 的 pIMPl-thl-xylT、 pIMPl-thl-xylA, pIMPl-thl-xylB, pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA甲基化后电转进入 824glcG, 具体过程如下:
5.1 各质粒的甲基化
方法同 2.1
5.2 甲基化的各质粒的电转
方法同 2.2
5.3 各个工程菌的菌落 PCR验证
PCR体系、 方法、 DNA琼脂糖电泳验证同 2.3, 阳性对照为各自构建正确的 质粒, 阴性对照为水。
5.3.1 丙酮丁醇梭菌 824 (pIMP 1 - thl-xylT)的鉴定
引物为 dxylT-up和 dpIMPl-dn,其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 13禾口 SEQ ID No.: 14所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824-xylT。
5.3.2 丙酮丁醇梭菌 824 (pIMPl-thl-xylBA)的鉴定
引物为 dpIMP l-up和 dxylB-dn,其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 1 1和 SEQ ID No. :
16所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824-xylBA。
5.3.3 丙酮丁醇梭菌 824glcG (pIMPl-thl)的鉴定
引物为 dpIMP l-up和 dthl-dn, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 1 1和 SEQ ID No. : 12所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824glcG-thl。
5.3.4 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG φΙΜΡΙ-thl-xylT)的鉴定
引物为 dxylT-up和 dpIMP l-dn,其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 13禾口 SEQ ID No. : 14所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824glcG-xylT。
5.3.5 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG φΙΜΡΙ-thl-xylA)的鉴定
引物为 dxylA-up和 dpIMP l-dn,其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 15禾口 SEQ ID No. :
14所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824glcG-xyl A。
5.3.6 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylB)的鉴定
引物为 dpIMP l-up和 dxylB-dn,其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 1 1和 SEQ ID No. :
16所示; 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824glcG-xylB。
5.3. 7 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG (pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA )的鉴定
第一对鉴定引物为 dpIMP l-up和 xylT-dn, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No.: 1 1和 SEQ ID No. : 17所示, 鉴定结果见图 4以 A为标记的所有泳道; 第二对鉴定引物 为 dxylT-重叠 -up和 dxylBA-重叠 -dn, 其序列分别如 SEQ ID No. : 18和 SEQ ID No. : 19所示, 鉴定结果见图 4以 B为标记的所有泳道。 由电泳图谱可见: 标记 为 6号的菌落为阳性。 获得的阳性菌落简称为 824glcG-TBA。 实施例 8. 824-xylT在 4%w/v葡萄糖和 2%w/v木糖为碳源的 P2发酵
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入含有 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以
1%接种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~10hr, 使菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.4, 以 5% 接入 100ml P2培养基中培养发酵,取发酵液检测残糖含量 (;使用 WATERS公司的 sugar-park柱经 Agela 1200 HPLC测定, 结果如图 10所示), 其中测定发酵液中的 残糖含量前需进行如下预处理: 发酵液经离心后, 分别取上清液, 以 ¾0经 20 倍稀释后用于残糖测定。
结果显示: 以葡萄糖不敏感的启动子 thl携带 xylT在野生型中过表达, 能增 加混糖中木糖的利用, 发酵终点 96小时 824-xylT能利用 43%的木糖, 比野生型 多用 8.02g木糖。 实施例 9. 824-xylBA在 4%w/v葡萄糖和 2%w/v木糖为碳源的 P2发酵
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入含有 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以
1%接种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~10hr, 使菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.4, 以 5% 接入 100ml P2培养基中培养发酵,取发酵液检测残糖含量 (;使用 WATERS公司的 sugar-park柱经 Agela 1200 HPLC测定, 结果如图 9所示), 其中测定发酵液中的 残糖含量前需进行如下预处理: 发酵液经离心后, 分别取上清液, 以 ¾0经 20 倍稀释后用于残糖测定。
结果显示: 以葡萄糖不敏感的启动子 thl携带 xylBA在野生型中过表达, 能 增加混糖中木糖的利用, 发酵终点 96小时 824-xylBA能利用 38%的木糖, 比野生 型多用 5.2g木糖。 实施例 10. 定量 PCR检测 824glcG-thl和 824glcG-TBA中 xylT、 xylA和 xylB的转录 从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入含有 25 g/ml红霉素的 5mLCGM液体培养基 中, 过夜培养至 OD6(K) = 0.8〜1.0, 以 1%接种量接入 50mL CGM培养基中, 培养 8~ 1 Ohr, 使菌浓 OD6Q()达到 0.4, 接入 950ml P2(以 4%w/v葡萄糖和 2%w/v木糖为碳 源)培养基中培养发酵, 并以 824glcG-thl作为对照, 当 OD6(K)=3.8和 7时, 4°C, 5000rpm, lOmin离心收集 250ml菌体并用液氮速冻。 细胞 RNA的提取和 cDNA 的制备同文献 (Ren, C, Y. Gu.等 (2010).Metab Eng 12(5): 446-454.)。
每 20μ1实时 PCR反应体系包括: ΙΟμΙ iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad), 200 nM 引物, l l cDNA模板。 实时 PCR在实时 PCR检测仪 (Bio-Rad)中进行, PCR程序为: 95 °C 3min; 95 °C 20s, 55 °C 20s, 72 °C 20s, 40个循环; 65-95°C进行溶解曲线分析。 所 有样品都进行了三次平行实验, 取平均值进行分析。 为了计算相对表达水平, cDNA稀释了 200倍进行分析, 参见文献 (Pfaffl, M. W. (200 lYNucleic Acids Res 29(9): e45.)。 采用 CA— C2679和 CA— C3 141作为内参基因。 实时 PCR的引物如 SEQ ID NOs: 29-38所示。 表 3. 824glcG-thl和 824glcG-TBA在 4%葡萄糖 :2%木糖在产酸期(OD6(K)=3.8) 和产溶剂期 (OD6(K) = 7)中 xylT、 xylA和 xylB的转录情况(以 824glcG-thl的基因表 达为 1为基准计)。
相对表达量
产溶剂期
1.22±0.07 5.002±0.009
124±6 26±1
115±2 46±1
结果表明: 和对照 824glcG-thl相比, xylT、 xylA和 xylB在 824glcG-TBA中产 酸期、 产溶剂期转录都有明显上调, 表达策略成功。 实 施例 11. 工 程 菌 丙 酮 丁 醇 梭 菌 824g/cG 、 824g/cG(pIMPl-thl 、 824g/cG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylT , 824g/cG(pIMP 1 -thl-xylA , 824g/cG (pIMPl-thl-xylB 和 824g/cG (pIMP 1-thl-xvlT-thl-xvlBA的发酵
发酵方法同实施例 3。
从图 3中看出: 虽然与 824glcG相比, 空质粒导入 824glcG使菌体在混合糖中 对木糖的利用降低 32%,但 XylT、XylA、xylB这三种基因分别或同时导入 824glcG 使菌体在混合糖中对木糖的利用有不同程度的提高: 与对照 824glcG-thl菌株相 比, 它们的木糖利用率分别提高了 75%、 106%、 63%和 137%。所有的工程菌中, 三个基因同时导入 824glcG的工程菌 824glcG-TBA具有最高的木糖消耗率, 是最 有应用前景的工程菌。
该结果证明了过表达 xylT、 xylA、 xylB基因中的一种或多种, 可促进丙酮 丁醇梭菌对木糖的利用率。 实施例 12. 工程菌丙酮丁醇梭菌8242^(7(01^^14111 ¥1丁4111 ¥18 )在5.5% w/v 仿真料液中的发酵
从 CGM平板上挑取单菌接入 5mL CGM液体培养基中, 过夜培养, 以 3%接 种量接入 lOOmL CGM培养基中,培养 4〜8hr,菌浓 OD6(K)达到 0.8〜 1.0,接入 1.4L P2培养基中培养发酵, 取发酵液检测残糖含量 (;使用 WATERS公司的 sugar-park 柱经 Agela 1200 HPLC测定, 结果如图 5所示)以及丙酮、 丁醇和乙醇含量 (;使用 Agela 7890A气相色谱仪测定, 结果如图 6所示), 以丙酮丁醇梭菌 ATCC 824作 为对照, 其中, 测定发酵液中的残糖含量和丙酮、 丁醇和乙醇含量前需进行如 下预处理:
发酵液经离心后分别取上清液测定残糖和丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇: 上清液以 H2O经 20倍稀释后用于残糖测定; 取 40(^L上清液与 ΙΟΟμΙ^内标混 合均匀测定丙酮、 丁醇和乙醇 (;内标配方为: 25g异丁醇, 5g异丁酸, 50mL 37% 浓盐酸, 加水定容至 1L;)。
根据图 5的结果, 工程菌 824glcG-TBA在 52小时基本用完发酵液中的各种 糖, 而野生型到发酵终点 (71h)还有 51%的木糖残留。
根据图 6的结果, 824glcG-TBA突变菌株发酵液中的丁醇和 ABE的终浓度均 高于野生菌株。
表 4所示为 3.8%葡萄糖: 1.4%木糖:0.3%阿拉伯糖发酵824和8248100-丁8八的 残糖、 丙酮、 丁醇、 乙醇产量和生产率、 得率的计算结果。 表 4. 824和 824glcG-TBA菌株的残糖浓度、 产物产量以及生产率、 得率
Figure imgf000034_0001
根据表 4的结果, 824glcG-TBA突变菌株的生产率、 得率均高于野生菌株。 实施例 13. 丙酮丁醇梭菌 EA2018、 2018glcG和 2018glcG-TBA的发酵
除了基于 EA2018而不是 ATCC824菌株, 工程菌 2018glcG和 2018glcG-TBA的 构建与检测和 824glcG、 824glcG-TBA相同。 发酵同实施例 3。
结果显示: 和野生型 EA2018相比, 2018glcG、 2018glcG-TBA在 96小时的 木糖利用率分别提高了 1.1、 2.2倍, 其提高的趋势类似于 ATCC 824中的改造结 果 (;图 11); 和野生型相比, 2018glcG、 2018glcG-TBA在 96小时的 ABE分别提高 了 46%、 55% (图 12)。 综上所述,在本发明提供的方法中, xylT、 xylB和 xylA基因过量表达、 glcG 基因经二类内含子插入失活后的菌株利用混合糖中木糖和阿拉伯糖的能力显 著提高, 同时转化生成的 ABE浓度相应提高, 因此经工程化的菌株有利用木质 纤维素水解液进行丙酮丁醇发酵的潜力。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

1. 一种基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其与野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌相比, 具有选自 下组的一种或多种特征: glcG基因表达受抑制或 glcG蛋白活力受抑制、木糖转运蛋 白过表达或活力提高、 木糖异构酶过表达或活力提高、 和 /或木酮糖激酶过表达或 活力提高。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于, 所述基因工程 化丙酮丁醇梭菌通过选自下组的一种或多种的基因工程化处理获得的:在 glcG基因 中插入 DNA片段、 部分或全部敲除 glcG基因、 引入针对 glcG基因的反义核酸或干 扰核酸、 引入 glcG抑制物; 导入额外的木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激 酶基因; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突 变; 或提供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于, 所述抑制 glcG 基因表达是通过以下方式实现的: 在 glcG基因第 1位到第 1923位碱基之间插入外源 DNA片段。
优选地, 在 glcG基因第 1位到第 1761位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1554位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1248位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 270位之间, 或 269位到 270位之间插入外源 DNA片段。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于,
所述木糖转运蛋白是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于木糖转运的蛋白或 其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取 代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有转运木糖功能的氨基酸序列;
所述木糖异构酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于催化木糖发生异构的 酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基 的取代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木糖发生异构功能的氨基酸序列;
所述木酮糖激酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于催化木酮糖磷酸化的 酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基 的取代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木酮糖磷酸化功能的氨基酸序列。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于, 所述生物体选 自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏杆菌、 埃希氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌或沙门氏菌。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于, 所述木糖转运 蛋白由 xylT基因编码; 木糖异构酶由 xylA基因编码; 木酮糖激酶由 xylB基因编码。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 xylT基因选自: CA— C1345、 CEA— G1359或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上 同源性的分子; 所述 xylB基因选自: CA— C2612、 CEA— G2621或在严格条件下与所 述序列杂交的分子、或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子;所述 xylA基因选自: CA C2610, CEA— G2619或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具 有 90%以上同源性的分子。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌, 其特征在于, 所述基因工程 化丙酮丁醇梭菌选自: 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (; pIMPl-thl-xylT;)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylA) 、 丙 酮 丁 醇 梭 菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylB) 、 丙 酮 丁 醇 梭 菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylBA) , 和丙酮丁醇梭菌 (pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT;)、 丙酮丁 醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylA;)、 丙酮丁醇梭菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylB;)、 和丙酮丁醇梭 菌 glcG(pIMPl-thl-xylT-thl-xylBA;)、 或用 ptb或 adc启动子替代上述基因工程化丙酮 丁醇梭菌中的 thl启动子的基因工程化菌。
9. 一种生产丙酮、 丁醇和 /或乙醇的方法, 所述方法包括步骤:
a) 在适当的培养基中培养如权利要求 1-8中任一项所述的菌株;
b) 从 a)的培养物中分离产物丙酮、 丁醇和 /或乙醇。
10. 一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌 (C/oWr/c /w aceto½ y//cw )对木糖禾 Π/或阿拉伯 糖的利用率的方法, 所述方法包括步骤:
(a) 对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行基因工程化改造, 以相对于野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌而 言: 抑制 glcG基因表达、 提高木糖转运蛋白的表达或活力、提高木糖异构酶的表达 或活力、 和 /或提高木酮糖激酶的表达或活力;
(b) 将步骤 (a)中所得的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌用于含木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的 原料的发酵中。
11. 一种提高丙酮丁醇梭菌 (C/oWr/c /w acetobw y//c¾ )生产产物丙酮、 丁醇 和 /或乙醇的产率的方法, 所述方法包括步骤:
(a) 对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行基因工程化改造, 以相对于野生型丙酮丁醇梭菌而 言: 抑制 glcG基因表达、 提高木糖转运蛋白的表达或活力、提高木糖异构酶的表达 或活力、 和 /或提高木酮糖激酶的表达或活力;
(b) 将步骤 (a)中所得的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌用于含木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的 原料的发酵中。
12. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述含有木糖和 /或阿拉伯 糖的原料中木糖含量不低于原料中总糖量的 5%。 优选地, 所述含有木糖和 /或阿拉伯糖的原料中木糖含量不低于原料中总糖量 的 6%, 8%, 10%。
13. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述抑制 glcG基因表达是通过选自下组的一种或多种方式实现的: 在 glcG基 因中插入 DNA片段、 部分或全部敲除 glcG基因、 引入反义核酸或干扰核酸、 引入 glcG抑制物;
所述提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力是通过选 自下组的一种或多种方式实现的:在丙酮丁醇梭菌基因组中导入额外的木糖转运蛋 白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶基因; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或 木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突变; 或提供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 / 或木酮糖激酶的表达载体。
14. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述抑制 glcG基因表达是通过以下方式实现的: 在 glcG基因第 1位到第 1923位 碱基之间插入外源 DNA片段。
优选地, 在 glcG基因第 1位到第 1761位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1554位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 1248位碱基之间, 或第 1位到 270位之间, 或 269位到 270位之间插入外源 DNA片段。
15. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述木糖转运蛋白是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于木糖转运的蛋白或 其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取 代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有转运木糖功能的氨基酸序列;
所述木糖异构酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于催化木糖发生异构的 酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基 的取代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木糖发生异构功能的氨基酸序列;
所述木酮糖激酶是来自于可利用木糖的生物体的、 用于催化木酮糖磷酸化的 酶或其生物活性片段,或是所述蛋白或其生物活性片段经过一个或多个氨基酸残基 的取代、 缺失或添加而形成仍具有催化木酮糖磷酸化功能的氨基酸序列。
16. 如权利要求 15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生物体选自:丙酮丁醇梭菌、 大肠杆菌、 农杆菌、 假单胞菌、 醋杆菌、 葡糖杆菌、 根瘤菌、 黄单孢菌、 克雷白氏 杆菌、 埃希氏菌、 红细菌、 黄杆菌或沙门氏菌。
17. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述木糖转运蛋白由 xylT基 因编码; 木糖异构酶由 xylA基因编码; 木酮糖激酶由 xylB基因编码。
18. 如权利要求 17所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 xylT基因选自: CA— C1345、 CEA— G1359或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具有 90%以上 同源性的分子; 所述 xylB基因选自: CA— C2612、 CEA— G2621或在严格条件下与所 述序列杂交的分子、或与上述分子具有 90%以上同源性的分子;所述 xylA基因选自: CA C2610, CEA— G2619或在严格条件下与所述序列杂交的分子、 或与上述分子具 有 90%以上同源性的分子。
19. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭 菌以选自下组的一种或多种质粒转化: pWJl-glcG、 pIMPl-thl-xylT、 pIMPl-thl-xylA 、 pIMPl-thl-xylB 、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB A 、 pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xyl A , pIMP 1 -th 1 -xylT-th 1 -xylB , pIMPl-thl-xylBA, 或是以 ptb 或 adc启动子替代上述质粒中的启动子 thl构建各相应质粒。
20. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述包含木糖和 /或阿拉伯 糖的原料选自: 纤维素或半纤维素的水解液、 粮食、 棉花等。
21. 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述丙酮丁醇梭菌选自: ATCC 824, EA 2018。
22. 如权利要求 10〜21中任一项所述的方法在丁醇、 丙酮和 /或乙醇的生产中 的用途。
23. 一种制备权利要求 1〜8中任一项所述的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌、或权利 要求 10〜21中任一项所述的方法中所采用的基因工程化丙酮丁醇梭菌的方法,所述 方法包括对丙酮丁醇梭菌进行选自下组的一种或多种基因工程化改造:
在 glcG基因中插入 DNA片段、 部分或全部敲除 glcG基因、 引入针对 glcG基因的 反义核酸或干扰核酸、 引入 glcG抑制物; 引入提高木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 / 或木酮糖激酶的表达或活力的突变; 导入额外的木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或 木酮糖激酶基因; 或提供瞬时表达木糖转运蛋白、 木糖异构酶和 /或木酮糖激酶的 表达载体。
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