Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
  • C07C45/82—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
  • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
  • C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
  • C07C45/74—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups combined with dehydration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C45/85—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) in the presence of at least one defoamer in the wastewater column in the workup part.
• Isophorone is used, among other things, as a high-boiling solvent in the paint, printing inks, adhesives and pesticides industry. According to the known prior art, the isophorone can be further processed, for example, to isophorone nitrile,
• Isophorone diamine, isophorone diisocyanate or keto-isophorone isophorone diamine, isophorone diisocyanate or keto-isophorone.
• Isophorone is the trimeric condensation product of the acetone. Isophorone is produced by a catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone.
• US Pat. No. 2,419,051 describes a process in which part of the overcondensates can be split back by hydrolysis of the higher condensation products.
• the hydrolysis is carried out in a pressure reactor at temperatures between 130-235 ° C with an increased concentration of alkali.
• Forming reaction two phases are emulsified both by a suitable reaction (reactor construction, pulse generator), as well as by the use of an emulsifier to ensure good contact between the catalyst and the reactants
• the recovery of pure isophorone from isophorone-containing condensation products is achieved by separation of the low boilers by distillation under the same pressure at the condensation is carried out and by further workup of the remaining over-condensates by distillation at reduced pressure (DE 1 1 44 269).
• BP Chemicals can be by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) instead of the usual catalyst sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) increase the isophorone yield with constant selectivity by up to 7% (DE 25 20 681).
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• NaOH catalyst sodium hydroxide solution
• the product quality of the isophorone can be increased by discharging color-forming substances in a side stream from the reaction column, and this stream is purified by distillation and acidic reaction
• Hydrotalcites (Mg 1-x Al x Oi + x ) as a heterogeneous catalyst system for the production of isophorone.
• Hydrotalcites (Mg 1-x Al x Oi + x ) as a heterogeneous catalyst system for the production of isophorone. In discontinuous stirred tank experiments could with such
• Isophorone can also be prepared by means of heterogeneous catalysts in the gas phase.
• Life of such a catalyst can be increased up to about 1000 hours
• the Aristech Chemical Corporation patents disclose various magnesium / aluminum oxide catalysts prepared by the slurry of pseudoboehmite and magnesium oxide (WO 9012645). At an acetone conversion of 30%, the selectivity to isophorone is 76%. In addition to the catalysts, the Aristech Chemical Company also describes a process for preparing isophorone in the gas phase in a fixed bed reactor (WO 95072559). Acetone conversion is limited to 10 - 35% to prevent the formation of
• JP 9059204 JP 9151 152, JP 9151 153, JP 9157207, JP 9157208, JP 9169687, JP 9169688
• Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals discloses various zeolite and magnesium / alkali metal catalysts for the preparation of Claim isophorone.
• Sewer column in which the distillative workup of the aqueous fraction takes place come.
• EMR electronic measuring and control
• the control of the process is difficult.
• the heat transfer and / or the separation behavior in the wastewater column are difficult to control. The consequence of this is that it is not possible to work permanently on the economic as well as on the ecological optimum.
• By-products are, for example, diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, phoron, mesitylene and a number of higher condensation products (overcondensates) of the acetone (eg xylitons and isoxylitones). For this reason, obtaining high yields and selectivities to isophorone is difficult to achieve.
• the technical object of this invention was therefore to find a method that makes it possible to reduce the economics of isophorone production by avoiding
• defoamer - prevents foaming in the working-up part and destroys already formed foam, thus enabling efficient and safe operation of isophorone production.
• the invention is a process for the preparation of isophorone by
• the invention provides a process for the preparation of isophorone
• the inventive process can be carried out continuously, discontinuously or semicontinuously. However, it is preferably carried out continuously.
• the preparation of isophorone via catalyzed aldol condensations with acetone as starting material In the first step, two acetone molecules react via the intermediate diacetone alcohol with elimination of water to mesityl oxide. In a subsequent reaction, the mesityl oxide reacts with another acetone in turn with elimination of water to the isophorone.
• Isophorone is thus the reaction product of a condensation of three molecules of acetone with the elimination of two molecules of water.
• Isoxylitone as well as other minor components (eg mesitylene).
• the isophorone synthesis is thus characterized by a complex reaction network; the selectivity is highly dependent on sales.
• the acetone conversion must be limited.
• in the gas phase reaction of the catalyst used can be deactivated by forming coking residues.
• condensation reaction of acetone to isophorone is preferably carried out in a catalyzed liquid phase reaction.
• isophorone can also be prepared by means of a gas-phase reaction or by reaction in supercritical acetone.
• the acetone within the reactor used by catalytic reaction at temperatures in the range of 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 150-250 ° C, more preferably 180-250 ° C and a pressure range from 5 to 50 bar, preferably 10 to 50 bar, particularly preferably from 20 to 50 bar converted to isophorone, wherein the
• the acetone is reacted within the reactor used by catalytic reaction at temperatures in the range of 100 to 400 ° C, preferably 200-400 ° C to isophorone.
• the acetone within the reactor used by catalytic reaction at temperatures ranging from 250 to 350 ° C and a
• the catalytic reaction can be carried out with the catalysts mentioned in the prior art, which may be either a homogeneous or a heterogeneous catalyst.
• a homogeneous catalyst is preferably used, in the gas phase preferably a heterogeneous catalyst is used. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts can be used for the supercritical reaction.
• isophorone can be homogenous
• Catalyst with alkali amounts (NaOH or KOH) of ⁇ 1 wt .-%, preferably from
• Catalyst NaOH used in amounts of 0.015 to 0.05 wt .-%. The used
• reaction can be carried out in any prior art reactors, such as e.g. B.
• Pressure distillation reactors or reactive distillations, microstructured reactors, loop reactors, etc. or in combinations of any reactor can be performed.
• the choice of reactors is not limited to the choice mentioned.
• reaction is carried out in
• Reactive distillation columns tubular reactors or fixed bed reactors. Particularly preferred are tubular reactors.
• the reaction mixture is worked up (workup) and separated into the individual components. These are in addition to isophorone so-called low-boiling such. Acetone, diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide, as well as a number of higher condensation products (overcondensates) of the acetone (eg xylitons and isoxylitones), water and, optionally, catalyst.
• the separation is carried out completely or partially. The separation of the individual fractions can with all separation methods such.
• the separation is achieved by distillation in one or more apparatuses.
• the distillation can be carried out spatially separated from the isophorone synthesis (reaction) or take place in an apparatus.
• the separation of the individual fractions preferably takes place by means of a reactive distillation, preferably in one
• the separation is carried out spatially separated from the isophorone synthesis (reaction) in a reactive distillation column with a side stream withdrawal.
• the valuable stream thus obtained in particular isophorone, higher-condensed products and water and optionally catalyst, is further processed in a third stage, as described below.
• the separation in stage 2 preferably takes place in three fractions:
• Diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide which is condensed and then returned to the reactor for reaction.
• the fraction a) is removed in the preferred embodiment as a vapor stream containing essentially acetone, water and low boilers, substantially
• Diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide condensed and the reactor with the starting materials acetone, water and optionally added again catalyst.
• fraction b) is in the preferred embodiment as a side stream of
• Distillation column preferably a reactive distillation column, taken,
• the purification can be carried out continuously or batchwise, in one or more stages. Preferably, the purification is achieved by distillation. The purification is particularly preferably achieved by a combination of neutralization or extraction and subsequent distillation, preferably in a reactive distillation column.
• the worked-up phase is preferably passed into the hydrolysis with the products of value from isophorone, high boilers and optionally catalyst. Another phase of value products, essentially containing acetone, diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide, is preferably recycled to the reaction. If necessary, residues are sent for thermal recycling.
• the recycling stream from stage 2, preferably fraction c), is subjected to hydrolysis.
• the aim of the hydrolysis is to convert by-products partially or completely into isophorone, acetone and other products of value.
• the hydrolysis can be carried out in all conventional reactors which have already been described above, or distillation columns or combinations of both.
• the hydrolysis is by a
• Reactive distillation is carried out in which the resulting low-boiling components, essentially containing acetone, diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide, directly removed from the hydrolysis and recycled to the reaction, and thus are no longer available for side reactions in the hydrolysis.
• stage 3 may also take place in an apparatus with the synthesis of isophorone (reaction).
• the hydrolysis can be carried out in all mixing ratios of the organic components with water with or without catalyst.
• the water concentration in the hydrolysis is 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 30 to 90% by weight.
• the catalyst is preferably used in the hydrolysis, which is also used in the reaction part. Catalyst concentrations of from 0.001 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 1% by weight, are preferred.
• Hydrolysis reactor is 1 to 200 bar, preferably 20 to 60 bar, more preferably the hydrolysis is carried out at least at the pressure which also prevails in the isophorone synthesis step (reaction).
• the temperature of the hydrolysis is 100-300 ° C, preferably 210-260 ° C.
• the hydrolysis can be one-stage or multi-stage in one or more apparatuses
• fraction c is then separated from the hydrolysis reactor or the reactive distillation column, cooled and subjected to a phase separation (separation).
• phase separation in stage 3 is carried out in a substantially organic fraction, preferably fraction d) and a substantially aqueous fraction, preferably fraction e), which, in homogeneous catalysis, also contains the catalyst. It can usual
• Phase separation vessel with and without internals are used.
• the phase separation takes place at a temperature between 0-200 ° C., preferably at 0-100 ° C., more preferably at 20-70 ° C. and a pressure of 1-150 bar, preferably 20-60 bar, particularly preferably at the pressure. which also prevails in the hydrolysis.
• the essentially organic fraction of stage 3, preferably fraction d), with the target product isophorone is optionally neutralized and purified by customary methods, so that an isophorone having the desired purity and color stability is obtained (recovery).
• all common separation methods such as Distillation, flash evaporation, crystallization, extraction, sorption, permeation,
• the purification can be carried out continuously or batchwise, in one or more stages, under pressure or in vacuo.
• the purification is achieved by distillation.
• the purification is achieved by a combination of neutralization or extraction and subsequent distillation. Level 4.
• the essentially aqueous fraction from stage 3, preferably fraction e), is fed to a wastewater purification.
• the separation of the reaction water as the main component and optionally the catalyst of optionally still dissolved organic components such. Isophorone, acetone and higher condensed products.
• the wastewater purification is preferably carried out in one or more distillation columns, also referred to herein as wastewater columns.
• This stage is 4.
• the foaming in the bottom of this sewer column is almost completely prevented and thus a very good separation between the
• Isophorone, acetone and other low boilers, as well as higher boiling products is achieved.
• the level height of the wastewater column can be determined exactly, and both overflow and dry running of the wastewater column is prevented.
• the addition of the antifoam takes place in the feed of the wastewater column.
• the defoamers used according to the invention are chemical substances for foam control.
• Defoamers are preferably selected from mineral oils, natural oils, higher alcohols, polyols, polyether polyols, silicones, or any mixtures of the aforementioned components used.
• an aqueous mixture of at least one defoamer is used. This is particularly preferably an aqueous mixture of at least one polyether polyol.
• the total amount of defoamer in the wastewater column is preferably ⁇ 0.1% by weight, more preferably ⁇ 0.01% by weight, based on the chemical substance, that is to say on the defoamer.
• the defoamer is added to the feed of the wastewater column, that the total amount of defoamer ⁇ 0.5 wt .-%, preferably ⁇ 0.1 wt .-%, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.01 wt .-%, in the wastewater column is, based on the chemical substance, ie on the defoamer.
• the wastewater purification is preferably carried out in one or more distillation columns (wastewater columns).
• the vapors from the wastewater column are sent directly to the apparatus in which the hydrolysis takes place. Since the vapors essentially consist of water, a necessary, sufficiently high water concentration thus arises in the hydrolysis part, so that no additional fresh water has to be introduced into the hydrolysis.
• the organic fractions dissolved in fraction (e) are partly or completely recycled to the process via the vapors of the wastewater column. This minimizes the organic load in the wastewater and, being essentially isophorone, increases the overall yield in the process. This interconnection of the wastewater column thus contributes significantly to the ecological and economic process management.
• the necessary heat for the hydrolysis or the distillative separation of the reaction mixture is provided by the vapors, it is not required separate heating.
• the pressure in the wastewater column is 1 to 200 bar, preferably 20 to 60 bar. It is particularly preferred to work at the system pressure, which is in the overall system
• Hydrolysis / sewage column sets when the vapors of the wastewater column directly into the Hydrolysis part of the reactive distillation are passed.
• Sewer column corresponds to the boiling temperature of the fraction e) under the
• the preferred temperature of the vapors is 200-300 ° C.
• the accumulating in the bottom of the wastewater effluent (stream f) can be cooled and discarded.
• the waste water f) but fed to a flash evaporation and thus further separated.
• the vapors g) of the flash evaporation stage which consist essentially of pure water, can be condensed and added as water to the process, preferably into the reaction, e.g. B. for dilution of the catalyst used (in the case of homogeneous catalysis) are recycled. This will be the
• the flash evaporation can be carried out in one or more stages continuously or discontinuously.
• the pressure in the evaporation of evaporation in any case is below the pressure in the
• Waste water column In the method according to the invention, the use of an evaporation of evaporation is preferred.
• All distillation and reaction steps in the process can be carried out in reactors or apparatuses with or without internals, such.
• dephlegmators disorderly installations or beds, ordered installations or packings, floors with or without forced operation.
• Heat-resistant steels eg material subgroups 5.1 to 5.4 and 6.1 to 6.4 according to AD 2000 HP 0
• Austenitic stainless steels eg material subgroups 8.1 to 8.2 according to AD 2000 HP 0
• Ferrite-free austenitic stainless steels eg material subgroups 8.1 to 8.2 according to AD 2000 HP 0
• Nickel and nickel alloys eg material subgroups 41 to 46 according to AD 2000 HP 0
• Unalloyed steels eg material subgroup 1 .1 to 1 .2 according to AD 2000 HP 0
• Unalloyed steels and other alloyed steels eg according to DIN EN 10020
• Coating eg coating from the liquid state, hot dip,
• Recrystallization annealing stress relief annealing, normalizing annealing
• Welded joints can be used, for example:
• Test method is not limited to the selection mentioned. Test methods and evaluation principles are preferred which according to the prior art contribute to ensuring the required alkali resistance of the respective components.
• a substantially aqueous solution with an organic fraction (isophorone, acetone and other low boilers and higher condensed products) of ⁇ 5% by weight is worked up by distillation in order to separate the organic fraction from the aqueous phase.
• Temperature of the vapors is in the range between 200 and 300 ° C and the pressure in the wastewater column in the range of 20 - 60 bar.
• the vapors from the top of the wastewater column are fed to a hydrolysis column.
• Within about 5 hours it comes in the wastewater column to a strong foam, which prevents a reproducible measurement of the level and thus makes a constant driving impossible.
• a substantially aqueous solution with an organic fraction (isophorone, acetone and other low boilers and higher condensed products) of ⁇ 5% by weight is worked up by distillation in order to separate the organic fraction from the aqueous phase.
• the temperature of the vapors is in the range between 200 and 300 ° C and the pressure in the column (wastewater column) in the range of 20 - 60 bar.
• the vapors from the head of the column is in the range between 200 and 300 ° C and the pressure in the column (wastewater column) in the range of 20 - 60 bar.
• Waste water column are fed to a hydrolysis column.
• the waste water column is added with an aqueous solution of a polyether polyol as defoamer, so that the total amount of polyether polyol in the waste water column is: 0.01% by weight.
• Wastewater column is thus optimal and it can be permanently on economic and
• Isophorone production means about 10-20 kg more isophorone production and one

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• 2011
  • 2011-05-13 DE DE102011075777A patent/DE102011075777A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-05-27 CN CN201110140108.7A patent/CN102775287B/zh active Active
• 2012
  • 2012-04-25 JP JP2014510714A patent/JP6120830B2/ja active Active
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  • 2012-04-25 US US14/116,233 patent/US8884066B2/en active Active
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