WO2012153763A1 - Co2のゼオライト膜分離回収システム - Google Patents

Co2のゼオライト膜分離回収システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012153763A1
WO2012153763A1 PCT/JP2012/061874 JP2012061874W WO2012153763A1 WO 2012153763 A1 WO2012153763 A1 WO 2012153763A1 JP 2012061874 W JP2012061874 W JP 2012061874W WO 2012153763 A1 WO2012153763 A1 WO 2012153763A1
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Prior art keywords
membrane
membrane separation
separation
zeolite
hydrogen
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2012/061874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
健一 澤村
正信 相澤
岳弘 清水
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Kanadevia Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Corp, Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Corp
Priority to US14/116,347 priority Critical patent/US9333457B2/en
Priority to CN201280022552.1A priority patent/CN103635248B/zh
Priority to ES12781627T priority patent/ES2734376T3/es
Priority to EP12781627.0A priority patent/EP2716347B1/en
Publication of WO2012153763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012153763A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/268Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0088Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02Inorganic material
    • B01D71/028Molecular sieves
    • B01D71/0281Zeolites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/501Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
    • C01B3/503Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108Zeolites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/16Hydrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/08Specific temperatures applied
    • B01D2323/081Heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0405Purification by membrane separation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0475Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention in the separation and recovery CO 2 in the hydrogen production process or the like, relates to a membrane separation system for recovering CO 2 at a high efficiency.
  • hydrocarbon or the like is reformed into a gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by steam reforming or partial oxidation, and then carbon monoxide according to the following chemical reaction formula.
  • Hydrogen is produced by reacting water with steam.
  • membrane separation can be operated continuously, and there is no need to regenerate the absorbent or adsorbent, so it is expected as an energy-saving process.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 an organic polymer film that functions under wet conditions is used as the CO 2 facilitated transport film.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow sheet showing a hydrogen production process for separating and recovering CO 2 using membrane separation of organic polymer membranes as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
  • Hydrocarbons or alcohols as a raw material is reformed in the steam reforming reformer (10), H 2, CO 2, CO, CH 4 ( small amount) and H 2 O occurs, they are then water gas shift reactor Introduced in (11), the CO in the gas is shifted to CO 2 , and the CO in the gas is reduced to a small amount.
  • the generated gas is sent to the separation module (12), and CO 2 is separated and recovered by the organic polymer membrane (13), whereby an H 2 concentrated gas is obtained.
  • CO 2 / H 2 separation selectivity is 10 or more, and CO 2 can be recovered with high selectivity.
  • the CO 2 permeability of these separation membranes is as small as 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa)] at maximum, and considering application to a large-scale hydrogen production plant, CO 2 permeability It is desirable that the degree is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa)] or more and the CO 2 / H 2 separation selectivity is 10 or more.
  • Non-patent document 1 reports the results of CO 2 / H 2 separation using a hydrophobic zeolite membrane. Under dry conditions, hydrogen with a small molecular diameter is preferentially permeated, and CO 2 is slightly preferred under wet conditions. However, CO 2 / H 2 separation selectivity is as small as about 2.9 to 6.2. JP 2008-36463 A Japanese Patent No. 4264194 Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, Vol. 360, p. 284-291.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a CO 2 membrane separation and recovery system excellent in CO 2 permeability and CO 2 separation selectivity in CO 2 recovery in a hydrogen production process or the like.
  • membrane separation and recovery system of CO 2 of the present invention comprises a dehydration means in front of the CO 2 membrane separation means, and, CO 2 membrane separation unit shows the CO 2 selective permeability It comprises a hydrophilic zeolite membrane formed on a porous substrate, and the hydrophilic zeolite membrane has been dehydrated by heat treatment at 100 to 800 ° C., preferably 150 to 400 ° C. .
  • the hydrophilic zeolite membrane is Li + , Na + , K + , Ag + , H + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn serving as a selective adsorption site for CO 2.
  • the hydrophilic zeolite is not particularly limited as long as it contains a lot of cation sites such as 2+, but as such a hydrophilic zeolite, from the viewpoint of CO 2 permeability, separation selectivity, and membrane durability.
  • FAU or CHA type is mentioned.
  • a noble metal membrane that selectively permeates hydrogen or a porous molecular sieve membrane having an effective pore diameter of 0.28 to 0.33 nm made of silica or zeolite is provided after the dehydration means.
  • the “effective pore diameter” of the porous molecular sieve membrane is generally determined by hydrogen (0.28-0.29 nm), water (0.30 nm), CO 2 (0.33 nm), methane (0.38 nm). ) And other single component membrane permeation tests. For example, a membrane that allows hydrogen and water to permeate but does not allow CO 2 and methane to permeate is evaluated to have an effective pore size larger than hydrogen and 0.28 nm or more, smaller than CO 2 and less than 0.33 nm.
  • Examples of the metal film that selectively permeates hydrogen include a Pd film.
  • the present invention is a CO 2 membrane separation and recovery method using the membrane separation and recovery system of the above CO 2, comprising a dehydration step in front of the CO 2 membrane separation step, and, CO 2 membrane separation step
  • the method is such that the feed gas dew point is kept dry at -80 to 0 ° C.
  • CO 2 is preferably separated and recovered in a process for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon or alcohol.
  • the above method is preferably performed by a noble metal membrane that is selectively provided for the hydrogen permeation, or a porous molecular sieve membrane having an effective pore diameter of 0.28 to 0.33 nm that is made of silica or zeolite, which is provided downstream of the dehydrating means. Including a step of performing hydrogen purification.
  • CO 2 is separated and recovered from a mixed gas containing CO 2.
  • the mixed gas is natural gas or biogas mainly composed of methane gas containing water vapor.
  • CO 2 membrane separation means comprises a hydrophilic zeolite membrane was formed on a porous substrate showing a CO 2 selective permeability Since the hydrophilic zeolite membrane has been dehydrated by heat treatment at 100 to 800 ° C., preferably 150 to 400 ° C., in the recovery of CO 2 in a hydrogen production process or the like, the CO 2 permeability and CO 2 A CO 2 membrane separation and recovery system with excellent separation selectivity can be provided.
  • the membrane separation and recovery system of CO 2 of the present invention is a flow sheet showing.
  • Is a graph showing the results obtained for the separation and recovery of CO 2 / hydrogen represents the permeability of CO 2 and H 2 with respect to the temperature.
  • Is a graph showing the results obtained for the separation and recovery of CO 2 / hydrogen represent CO 2 permeability / H 2 permeability against temperature.
  • Is a graph showing the results obtained for the separation and recovery of CO 2 / hydrogen represents the permeated gas CO 2 concentration against temperature.
  • It is a flow sheet showing a conventional membrane separation and recovery system for CO 2 .
  • FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing a CO 2 membrane separation and recovery system of the present invention.
  • the CO 2 membrane separation system of the present invention includes a dehydration module (2) in front of the CO 2 membrane separation module (1).
  • the CO 2 membrane module (1) includes a hydrophilic zeolite membrane (3) formed on a porous substrate exhibiting CO 2 selective permeability.
  • the porous substrate include porous materials such as alumina, silica, cordierite, zirconia, titania, Vycor glass, and sintered metal, but are not limited to these, and various porous materials can be used.
  • CO 2 membrane separation step in a CO 2 membrane module (1) the condition that the dew point is -80 ⁇ 0 ° C., made preferably so as to be kept at -20 ° C. or less.
  • hydrophilic zeolite membrane (3) formed on a porous substrate is used as the CO 2 permeable separation membrane, not an organic polymer material.
  • This hydrophilic zeolite membrane needs to be kept in a state in which the adsorbed water in the zeolite pores is removed by heating at 100 to 800 ° C., preferably 150 to 400 ° C.
  • Hydrophilic Zeolite membranes zeolite species constituting the FAU type to indicate a CO 2 selective adsorptivity in CO 2 -H 2 mixed gas system, etc.
  • CHA-type zeolite is preferred.
  • the dehydration module (2) may be dehydrated by any method as long as water is removed until the dew point in the introduced gas is ⁇ 80 to 0 ° C., preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or less.
  • dehumidification can be performed with a membrane air dryer using, for example, a polymer hollow fiber membrane or a commercially available LTA type zeolite membrane (manufactured by Hitachi Zosen, NaA type zeolite membrane).
  • LTA type zeolite membrane manufactured by Hitachi Zosen, NaA type zeolite membrane.
  • water can be selectively permeated and removed, whereby the subsequent CO 2 membrane separation step can be made dry.
  • moisture can be continuously removed by sweeping a part of the drying gas in the subsequent stage or by evacuation.
  • a noble metal membrane that selectively permeates hydrogen or a porous molecular sieve membrane made of silica or zeolite and having an effective pore diameter of 0.28 nm to 0.33 nm is dehydrated. (Not shown). This makes it possible to purify hydrogen without being affected by membrane deterioration due to water vapor or the like.
  • the hydrogen purification is performed before or after the CO 2 membrane separation is determined according to the required concentration of hydrogen to be recovered and CO 2 . For example, if you want to prioritize the transmission the CO 2 concentration increases to recover a CO 2 membrane separation step, to increase the CO 2 concentration of the gas supplied to the CO 2 membrane separation step, hydrogen purification step, CO 2 membrane separation step It is more advantageous to carry out in the preceding stage. On the other hand, when priority is given to increasing the concentration of permeated hydrogen to be recovered, it is advantageous to perform the hydrogen purification step after the CO 2 membrane separation step.
  • the CO 2 separation and recovery process using the zeolite membrane of the present invention can also be applied to the separation and recovery of CO 2 from natural gas or biogas mainly composed of methane.
  • Example 2 (CO 2 / hydrogen separation)
  • the system of the present invention was used to separate and recover CO 2 from hydrogen.
  • Example 1 using the hydrophilic zeolite membrane for CO 2 separation and recovery according to the present invention a commercially available tubular FAU type zeolite membrane (manufactured by Hitachi Zosen, NaY type zeolite membrane) was used.
  • the membrane permeation separation ability was evaluated by cutting and dividing a tubular membrane element into 3 cm pieces, attaching them to a stainless steel membrane module, and performing heat drying at a temperature of 300 ° C. as a membrane dehydration treatment.
  • the membrane permeability of CO 2 and hydrogen was calculated by supplying a mixed gas of CO 2 -hydrogen from the outside of the tubular zeolite membrane and measuring the flow rate and composition of the membrane permeating gas. Detailed conditions when performing CO 2 / hydrogen separation are shown below.
  • Comparative Example 1 it was subjected to separation and recovery CO 2 using conventional organic polymer films as membranes for CO 2 separation and recovery.
  • Comparative Example 2 is the same FAU type zeolite membrane of Example 1, those that did not perform the heat drying is used as film for CO 2 separation and recovery, carried out in the separation and recovery CO 2 under working atmosphere moistened It was.
  • Comparative Example 3 is the same FAU type zeolite membrane of Example 1, those that did not perform the heat drying is used as film for CO 2 separation and recovery, carried out in the separation and recovery CO 2 under dry working atmosphere It was.
  • the CO 2 permeability reached a maximum around 60 ° C., and showed a very high permeability of 10 ⁇ 6 [mol / m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa] or more.
  • the hydrogen permeability becomes smaller at lower temperature conditions, and the ratio of CO 2 and hydrogen permeability becomes higher at lower temperatures as shown in FIG. 3, and the CO 2 separation selectivity exceeds 10 at an operating condition of 60 ° C.
  • CO 2 having a concentration of 90% or more could be separated and recovered.
  • Table 1 below compares the performance of the CO 2 membrane separation and recovery system of the present invention and the conventional membrane separation system.
  • the CO 2 permeability is at most from the order of 10 ⁇ 9 [mol / m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa] on the condition that the CO 2 / H 2 separation selectivity exceeds 10. Although it is as small as 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [mol / m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa], CO 2 / H 2 separation selectivity is maintained at 10 or more by using the membrane separation system of the present invention. 2 permeability A very high CO 2 permeability of 10 ⁇ 6 [mol / m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa] or more could be obtained.
  • Feed gas total pressure absolute pressure 0.4 MPa, in the same manner as above as a feed gas total flow rate 300mL (STP) / min was the separated and recovered CO 2.
  • the various supply gas compositions were 1: 1 with respect to CO 2 and the atmospheric pressure (absolute pressure 0.1 MPa) on the membrane permeation side.
  • the CO 2 permeability is 10 ⁇ 8 mol / (m 2 under the operating condition of 60 ° C. or less in the wet condition and the undried FAU type zeolite membrane. ⁇ It was very small, less than s ⁇ Pa), and the separation ability was hardly expressed.
  • the CO 2 permeability is 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / (m 2) by setting the dew point of the supply gas to ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower under atmospheric pressure conditions and subjecting the membrane to a heat treatment of 150 ° C. or higher to keep it dehydrated. -S ⁇ Pa) and improved high separation performance with a permeability ratio of 10 to 100 times or more for each gas such as CH 4 and CO.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
PCT/JP2012/061874 2011-05-09 2012-05-09 Co2のゼオライト膜分離回収システム Ceased WO2012153763A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/116,347 US9333457B2 (en) 2011-05-09 2012-05-09 Zeolite membrane separation and recovery system for CO2
CN201280022552.1A CN103635248B (zh) 2011-05-09 2012-05-09 Co2的沸石膜分离回收系统
ES12781627T ES2734376T3 (es) 2011-05-09 2012-05-09 Sistema de separación/recuperación de CO2 mediante membrana de zeolita
EP12781627.0A EP2716347B1 (en) 2011-05-09 2012-05-09 Zeolite-membrane separation/recovery for co2

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011104382A JP5835937B2 (ja) 2011-05-09 2011-05-09 Co2のゼオライト膜分離回収システム
JP2011-104382 2011-05-09

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US (1) US9333457B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2716347B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5835937B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN103635248B (enExample)
ES (1) ES2734376T3 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2012153763A1 (enExample)

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JP6626736B2 (ja) * 2016-02-25 2019-12-25 日立造船株式会社 ゼオライト膜複合体の再生方法
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