WO2012147128A1 - Source de courant pour véhicule et véhicule associé - Google Patents

Source de courant pour véhicule et véhicule associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012147128A1
WO2012147128A1 PCT/JP2011/002459 JP2011002459W WO2012147128A1 WO 2012147128 A1 WO2012147128 A1 WO 2012147128A1 JP 2011002459 W JP2011002459 W JP 2011002459W WO 2012147128 A1 WO2012147128 A1 WO 2012147128A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery group
power supply
supply device
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/002459
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
崇 村田
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2011/002459 priority Critical patent/WO2012147128A1/fr
Publication of WO2012147128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012147128A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cell temperature rising technique in a power supply device.
  • FIG. 7 is an internal resistance-temperature characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the battery temperature and the internal resistance of the unit cell. Referring to the figure, there is a correlation between the internal resistance and the battery temperature, and the internal resistance increases as the battery temperature decreases. In particular, in the cryogenic region, the internal resistance of the unit cell becomes extremely high.
  • Patent Document 1 has a housing having an inlet and an outlet, in which a unit battery is installed, and a portion exposed to a flow path of a heat transfer medium formed in the housing, and is in contact with the unit battery.
  • a temperature control system for a secondary battery module including a heat transfer member that adjusts the temperature of a unit battery that is installed on the heat transfer member.
  • Patent Document 1 is a configuration in which all of the plurality of unit cells are uniformly heated, energy consumption during temperature adjustment increases. Therefore, the present invention has an object of ensuring a necessary battery output while suppressing power consumption when the battery temperature rises.
  • a power supply device for a vehicle includes (1) a plurality of battery groups each including a plurality of single cells, and a plurality of holding members that respectively hold the battery groups.
  • the plurality of holding members that allow heat exchange between the single cells in each of the battery groups and are spaced apart from each other and a part of the battery groups among the plurality of battery groups are selectively heated.
  • a heating unit a heating unit.
  • the plurality of battery groups include a first battery group and a second battery group, and the plurality of holding members hold the first battery group.
  • the heating unit includes a first holding member and a second holding member that holds the second battery group, and the heating unit selects one of the first battery group and the second battery group. Can be heated. According to the configuration of (2), since only one of the first battery group and the second battery group is heated, compared to the case of heating the entire first battery group and the second battery group. However, the power consumption when the battery temperature rises is reduced.
  • the heating unit can alternately switch the heating target between the first battery group and the second battery group. According to the configuration of (3), since only one of the battery groups can be prevented from being heated intensively, the variation in the degree of deterioration of the single cells included in the first battery group and the second battery group is suppressed. it can.
  • the unit cells have a cylindrical shape, and all the unit cells included in the power supply device are arranged in a plane including the radial direction of the unit cells. Can do. According to the structure of (5), in addition to the said effect, a power supply device can be reduced in size in the longitudinal direction of this cell.
  • the apparatus has a temperature information acquisition unit that acquires information about the temperature of the power supply device, and the heating unit has a temperature acquired by the temperature information acquisition unit equal to or less than a threshold Only in this case, the part of the battery group is selectively heated.
  • the configuration of (6) since the heating unit is driven based on the temperature information of the power supply device, it is possible to accurately specify the situation where the temperature increase is required. Thereby, power consumption is more effectively reduced.
  • the heating unit includes a plurality of heaters respectively disposed on the holding members, and a controller that controls driving of the heaters. According to the configuration of (7), it is possible to achieve both suppression of power consumption at the time of battery temperature rise and securing necessary battery output with a simple configuration.
  • the power supply devices (1) to (7) can be mounted on hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. In particular, these power supply devices can be used as a power source for a motor that drives a vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 is an internal resistance-temperature characteristic diagram showing a relationship between battery temperature and internal resistance of a single cell.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the power supply device.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery taken along the YZ plane.
  • the power supply device 1 includes an assembled battery 10, a case 20, and a bus bar 40.
  • the power supply device 1 can be used as a vehicle battery.
  • the assembled battery 10 includes a first battery group 11 and a second battery group 12 positioned below the first battery group 11.
  • the first battery group 11 includes a plurality of unit cells 111.
  • the single battery 111 may be a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.
  • the unit cell 111 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and includes a positive electrode terminal 112 and a gas release valve 114 at one end portion in the longitudinal direction, and a negative electrode terminal (not shown) at the other end portion in the longitudinal direction.
  • the plurality of unit cells 111 are arranged in the radial direction of the unit cells 111 in a state where end portions in the longitudinal direction are aligned. That is, the plurality of unit cells 111 are arranged in a plane including the radial direction of the unit cells 111.
  • Second battery group 12 includes a plurality of single cells 111. The configuration of the unit cells 111 in the second battery group 12 is the same as that of the first battery group 11.
  • the single cells 111 of the first battery group 11 and the second battery group 12 are connected in parallel by the bus bar 40.
  • the bus bar 40 is formed with a plurality of welds 41 to which the negative terminals of the single cells 111 are welded.
  • the welded portion 41 is configured to be elastically deformable in the X-axis direction. Thereby, the dimensional error of each cell 111 can be absorbed.
  • the first battery group 11 is held by the first holding member 31.
  • the first holding member 31 includes a plurality of openings for holding each unit cell 111 and holds the outer surface of each unit cell 111 in the radial direction.
  • the first heater 61 is located on the upper surface of the first holding member 31. When the first heater 61 starts the heating operation, the temperature of the first holding member 31 increases.
  • the first holding member 31 is a solid plate-like member, and transfers the heat flowing from the first heater 61 to each unit cell 111 held by the first holding member 31. As a result, the temperature of the first battery group 11 whose temperature has decreased is increased as a whole, and the battery output can be increased.
  • the first holding member may be a metal.
  • the metal may be aluminum, copper, or iron.
  • the first heater 61 may be a cement-type resistor.
  • the cement-type resistor includes a resistor housing case and a resistor housed in the resistor housing case.
  • the resistor housing case is filled with a cement material.
  • the resistor may be a bent metal plate.
  • the metal plate may be an alloy containing copper and nickel.
  • the resistor housing case may be ceramic.
  • the ceramic may include alumina to increase thermal conductivity.
  • the cement material may be a pasty insulating sealing material containing alumina powder or silica powder.
  • the first heater 61 may be a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater or a Peltier heater using a Peltier element.
  • a gas guide portion 31 ⁇ / b> A is formed on the upper surface of the first holding member 31 at a position different from the first heater 61.
  • the gas released from the gas release valve 114 of the unit cell 111 is exhausted from the smoke exhaust port 221 through the gas guide portion 31A.
  • a smoke exhaust duct (not shown) extending outside the vehicle is connected to the smoke exhaust port 221.
  • the second battery group 12 is held by the second holding member 32.
  • the second holding member 32 is disposed at a position separated from the first holding member 31. Therefore, an air layer is formed between the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32, and heat exchange between these holding members 31 and 32 is suppressed.
  • the second holding member 32 includes a plurality of openings for holding each unit cell 111, and holds the outer surface of each unit cell 111 in the radial direction.
  • the second heater 62 is located on the lower surface of the second holding member 32 (see FIG. 2). When the second heater 62 starts the heating operation, the temperature of the second holding member 32 rises. Similar to the first holding member 31, the second holding member 32 is a solid plate-like member. Therefore, the temperature of the second battery group 12 whose temperature has decreased is increased as a whole, and the battery output can be increased.
  • the case 20 includes a case main body 21 and a lid body 22.
  • the case main body 21 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and includes a leg portion 211 at the lower end.
  • a fastening hole portion 211 ⁇ / b> A for fixing the power supply device 1 is formed in the leg portion 211.
  • the power supply device 1 may be fixed to the floor panel of the vehicle.
  • a pair of assembling guide portions 212 for assembling the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 is formed on the inner surface of the case 20.
  • the built-in guide part 212 extends in the vertical direction.
  • the assembled battery 10 can be housed inside the case body 21 by sliding the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 along the pair of built-in guide portions 212.
  • a refrigerant inlet 21A extending in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the unit cell 111 is formed on one end surface of the case body 21 in the Y-axis direction.
  • a refrigerant discharge port 21B extending in the direction is formed.
  • a plurality of refrigerant inlets 21A and refrigerant outlets 21B are formed at predetermined intervals in the height direction (Z-axis direction) of the power supply device 1.
  • An air intake duct (not shown) is connected to the refrigerant inlet 21A, and air as a refrigerant is introduced into the case 20 through the intake duct and the refrigerant inlet 21A when the blower operates.
  • the heating unit 70 includes a controller 71, a first heater 61, a second heater 62, and a memory 72.
  • the controller 71 performs control to selectively drive one of the first heater 61 and the second heater 62.
  • the controller 71 may be a CPU or MPU.
  • the controller 71 may be an ASIC circuit that executes at least a part of control processing executed in the CPU and MPU in a circuit form.
  • the memory 72 may be a readable / rewritable RAM.
  • the first temperature sensor (temperature information acquisition unit) 82 acquires the temperature information of the first battery group 11.
  • the second temperature sensor (temperature information acquisition unit) 83 acquires the temperature information of the second battery group 12.
  • the first temperature sensor 82 and the second temperature sensor 83 may be a thermistor.
  • the first temperature sensor 82 may have a configuration included in some of the unit cells 111 in the first battery group 11 or a configuration included in each unit cell 111.
  • the second temperature sensor 83 may have a configuration included in some of the unit cells 111 in the second battery group 12 or a configuration included in each unit cell 111.
  • the controller 71 detects the position of the IG switch 81 that is driven between the off position and the on position, and outputs from the first temperature sensor 82 and the second temperature sensor 83 when the IG switch 81 is in the on position. Get temperature information.
  • step S101 the controller 71 determines whether or not the IG switch 81 has moved from the off position to the on position. If the IG switch 81 has moved to the on position, the process proceeds to step S102.
  • step S102 the controller 71 acquires temperature information output from the first temperature sensor 82 and the second temperature sensor 83.
  • step S103 the controller 71 calculates the average temperature based on the temperature information output from the first temperature sensor 82 and the second temperature sensor 83, and the average temperature is a first threshold value (threshold value). It is determined whether or not:
  • the first threshold value can be determined as a set value from the viewpoint of securing a necessary battery output.
  • the average temperature is compared with the first threshold value.
  • the temperature information acquired by either one of the first temperature sensor 82 and the second temperature sensor 83 and the first threshold value are used. You may compare. If the average temperature is equal to or lower than the first threshold value in step S103, the process proceeds to step S104. If the average temperature is higher than the first threshold value, this flow ends.
  • step S104 the controller 71 acquires heater identification information stored in the memory 72, and identifies the previous heating target.
  • the identification information of the first heater 61 is stored in the memory 72.
  • step S105 the controller 71 drives the second heater 62 different from the previous one, and proceeds to step S106.
  • step S106 the controller 71 determines whether or not the second battery group 12 has been heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the target temperature based on the temperature information output from the second temperature sensor 83.
  • the target temperature may be a temperature that can secure a required battery output in any one of the first battery group 11 and the second battery group 12.
  • the target temperature is set to 40 ° C., but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • step S106 when the temperature of the second battery group 12 is raised to a temperature equal to or higher than the target temperature, the process proceeds to step S107, and when the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the driving of the second heater 62 is continued.
  • the number of single cells 111 included in the first battery group 11 is 10 cells
  • the number of single cells 111 included in the second battery group 12 is 10 cells.
  • the output of the single cell 111 at ⁇ 10 ° C. is 0.1 kw
  • the output of the single cell 111 at 20 ° C. is 5 kw
  • the output of the single cell 111 at 30 ° C. is 10 kw.
  • the amount of heat (heat capacity) required to raise the temperature of each unit cell 111 by 1 ° C. is 50 J / k.
  • these numerical values are illustrations, and this invention is not limited to this.
  • step S107 the controller 71 stops the second heater 62.
  • step S ⁇ b> 108 the controller 71 rewrites the identification information of the first heater 61 stored in the memory 72 with the identification information of the second heater 62. Therefore, the first heater 61 is driven the next time the temperature rise control is performed.
  • the first heater 61 and the second heater 62 are driven alternately. That is, since the heated battery group is deteriorated by outputting larger electric power, the first battery group 11 and the second battery group 12 can be changed by alternately changing the battery group to be heated. Variation in the degree of deterioration can be suppressed.
  • the unit cell 111 having a high degree of deterioration is charged by a circulating current flowing from another unit cell 111 having a low degree of deterioration, and the value of this circulating current is allowable in the unit cell 111 having a high degree of deterioration.
  • the upper limit may be exceeded.
  • the cell 111 is made from a circulating current. Can be protected.
  • the heater for raising the temperature is disposed in each of the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and other configurations may be used. Good.
  • the heat transfer route of heat generated from one heater is transferred to the first heat transfer route to the first holding member 31 and the second heat transfer route to the second holding member 32. It may be divided into heat transfer routes, and these heat transfer routes may be switched alternately.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2, and is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery according to the present modification. The same components as those in the above embodiment are given the same reference numerals.
  • the heater 63 is in contact with the first heat transfer plate 64 and the second heat transfer plate 66.
  • the first heat transfer plate 64 extends toward the first holding member 31, and a first piezoelectric element 65 is provided at the tip of the first heat transfer plate 64.
  • the first piezoelectric element 65 extends in the Y-axis direction
  • the first holding member 31 and the first heat transfer plate 64 are connected via the piezoelectric element 65. Accordingly, the first holding member 31 can be heated using the heat of the heater 63.
  • the first piezoelectric element 65 contracts in the Y-axis direction, an air layer is formed between the first holding member 31 and the first piezoelectric element 65, and heat transfer from the heater 63 to the first holding member 31 is performed. It is suppressed.
  • the second heat transfer plate 66 extends toward the second holding member 32, and a second piezoelectric element 67 is provided at the tip of the second heat transfer plate 66.
  • the second piezoelectric element 67 extends in the Y-axis direction
  • the second holding member 32 and the second heat transfer plate 66 are connected via the second piezoelectric element 67.
  • the second holding member 32 can be heated using the heat of the heater 63.
  • the second piezoelectric element 67 contracts in the Y-axis direction, an air layer is formed between the second holding member 32 and the second piezoelectric element 67, and heat transfer from the heater 63 to the second holding member 32 is performed. It is suppressed.
  • the first piezoelectric element 65 and the second piezoelectric element 67 are alternately driven to achieve the same effect as the above embodiment, that is, while suppressing power consumption at the time of temperature rise. Battery output can be obtained. Further, variation in the degree of deterioration between the single cells 111 in the first battery group 11 and the second battery group 12 can be suppressed.
  • the controller 71 may control the first piezoelectric element 65 and the second piezoelectric element 67.
  • the heating unit 70 includes a circuit for driving the piezoelectric element. Since the drive circuit of the piezoelectric element is a well-known technique, description thereof is omitted.
  • the heater 63 is configured to be movable, and alternately moves between a first position that contacts the first holding member 31 and a second position that contacts the second holding member 32.
  • the structure to be made may be sufficient.
  • the heating unit 70 includes a heater 63, a motor that moves the heater 63, a transmission mechanism that transmits the driving force of the motor to the heater 63, a guide portion that guides the heater 63 to the first position and the second position, and
  • the structure provided with the memory 72 may be sufficient.
  • the battery temperature is used as a trigger for driving the heater.
  • the other method may be a method in which a temperature sensor for measuring the outside air temperature is provided in the vehicle, and the heater is driven based on a detection result by the temperature sensor.
  • the other configuration may be a method in which a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the engine oil is provided in the vehicle and the heater is driven based on a detection result by the temperature sensor.
  • the other method may be a method of raising a flag when the battery temperature is low and notifying the passenger.
  • the configuration may be such that the occupant instructs the controller 71 to drive the first heater 61 or the second heater 62 by operating a switch provided in the vehicle interior.
  • the first heater 61 and the second heater 62 are driven alternately.
  • the other configuration may be a method in which one heater is continuously driven a plurality of times and then the other heater is continuously driven a plurality of times.
  • the other configuration may be a periodic switching method in which one heater is driven for a predetermined period and then the other heater is driven for a predetermined period.
  • the reference for the heating unit 70 to select the heating target can be set from the viewpoint of suppressing the variation in the heating frequency, and is not necessarily limited to one method.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to this modification, and the same reference numerals are given to elements having the same functions as those in the above embodiment.
  • the assembled battery 10 includes a first battery group 11, a second battery group 12, and a third battery group 13.
  • the first battery group 11 includes a plurality of single cells 111 and is held by a first holding member 31.
  • the second battery group 12 includes a plurality of single cells 111 and is held by the second holding member 32.
  • the third battery group 13 includes a plurality of single cells 111 and is held by a third holding member 33.
  • These holding members 31 to 33 are spaced apart from each other. Therefore, the first battery group 11, the second battery group 12, and the third battery group 13 are prevented from exchanging heat with each other, and heat exchange between the single cells 111 included in the holding members 31 to 33 is allowed. .
  • a first heater 61 is disposed on the first holding member 31, a second heater 62 is disposed on the second holding member 32, and a third heater is disposed on the third holding member 33. 68 is arranged.
  • the temperature of the battery is raised by driving some of the heaters 61 to 68, the power consumption at the time of raising the battery can be reduced as compared with the case where all the heaters 61 to 68 are driven.
  • one heater may be driven. If the required battery output can be secured by the two battery groups, the two heaters may be driven.
  • These heaters 61 to 68 may be controlled by the controller 71.
  • the selection criterion of the drive object by the controller 71 can be appropriately set from the viewpoint of suppressing variation in the heating frequency, and is not necessarily limited to one method.
  • the configuration according to this modification may be combined with other modifications in this specification.
  • the first battery group 11 and the second battery group 12 are arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction, but may be separated obliquely or horizontally.
  • the heater is disposed on the holding member.
  • the present invention is not limited to this and may be disposed on another element.
  • the other element may be the outer surface of the unit cell 111.
  • the first heater 61 is installed on the outer surface of the unit cell 111 held by the first holding member 31, the other is held by the first holding member 31 via the first holding member 31. Since the heat of the first heater 61 is transferred to the unit cell 111, the temperature of the first battery group 11 can be increased as a whole.

Abstract

L'objectif de l'invention est de garantir une puissance nécessaire pour une batterie tout en conservant une faible consommation d'énergie lorsque la température de la batterie augmente. A cet effet, la source de courant pour véhicule selon l'invention est pourvue : de multiples groupes de batterie comprenant chacun plusieurs batteries unitaires ; de multiples éléments de retenue espacés les uns des autres, retenant chacun des groupes de batteries précédemment mentionnés et permettant un échange de chaleur entre les batteries unitaires dans chaque groupe de batteries ; et d'une unité de chauffage destinée à chauffer sélectivement une partie des groupes de batteries.
PCT/JP2011/002459 2011-04-26 2011-04-26 Source de courant pour véhicule et véhicule associé WO2012147128A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/002459 WO2012147128A1 (fr) 2011-04-26 2011-04-26 Source de courant pour véhicule et véhicule associé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/002459 WO2012147128A1 (fr) 2011-04-26 2011-04-26 Source de courant pour véhicule et véhicule associé

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WO2012147128A1 true WO2012147128A1 (fr) 2012-11-01

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016178069A (ja) * 2015-03-23 2016-10-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電池パック
US11411261B2 (en) * 2017-03-22 2022-08-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Self-heating battery
US11631908B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Battery systems and methods

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003288950A (ja) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-10 Ngk Insulators Ltd ナトリウム−硫黄電池の制御装置
JP2006093155A (ja) * 2004-09-23 2006-04-06 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd 二次電池モジュールの温度制御システム
JP2010205591A (ja) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-16 Calsonic Kansei Corp 車載用バッテリの加温装置及び方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003288950A (ja) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-10 Ngk Insulators Ltd ナトリウム−硫黄電池の制御装置
JP2006093155A (ja) * 2004-09-23 2006-04-06 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd 二次電池モジュールの温度制御システム
JP2010205591A (ja) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-16 Calsonic Kansei Corp 車載用バッテリの加温装置及び方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016178069A (ja) * 2015-03-23 2016-10-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電池パック
US11411261B2 (en) * 2017-03-22 2022-08-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Self-heating battery
US11631908B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Battery systems and methods

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