WO2012144564A1 - 吸水性樹脂、吸収体及び吸収性物品 - Google Patents
吸水性樹脂、吸収体及び吸収性物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012144564A1 WO2012144564A1 PCT/JP2012/060627 JP2012060627W WO2012144564A1 WO 2012144564 A1 WO2012144564 A1 WO 2012144564A1 JP 2012060627 W JP2012060627 W JP 2012060627W WO 2012144564 A1 WO2012144564 A1 WO 2012144564A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
- B01J20/267—Cross-linked polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/68—Superabsorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/36—Amides or imides
- C08F222/38—Amides
- C08F222/385—Monomers containing two or more (meth)acrylamide groups, e.g. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-absorbent resin, and an absorbent body and an absorbent article using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water-absorbent resin that has high water retention ability and high gel strength characteristics and can be suitably used for sanitary materials, and an absorbent body and absorbent article using the same.
- water-absorbent resins have been widely used in various fields such as sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary products, agricultural and horticultural materials such as water retention agents and soil conditioners, and industrial materials such as water-stopping agents and anti-condensation agents. .
- sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary products
- agricultural and horticultural materials such as water retention agents and soil conditioners
- industrial materials such as water-stopping agents and anti-condensation agents.
- these fields are often used for sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary products.
- water-absorbing resin examples include a hydrolyzate of starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, a neutralized product of starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, a saponified product of vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer, and acrylic acid.
- a crosslinked product of a partially neutralized polymer is known.
- sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins have a tendency to make the absorber thinner in order to increase comfort during use.
- sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins have a tendency to make the absorber thinner in order to increase comfort during use.
- there are a method for increasing the ratio of the water-absorbent resin in the absorber a method for increasing the water retention capacity of the water-absorbent resin, and the like.
- the gel strength of the water absorbent resin is high.
- Patent Document 1 a method of performing reverse phase suspension polymerization using a specific amount of a specific surfactant
- Patent Document 2 a method of performing reverse phase suspension polymerization in two or more stages
- Patent Document 3 ⁇ - A method of carrying out a crosslinking reaction by adding a crosslinking agent to a water-absorbing resin obtained by reverse-phase suspension polymerization in the presence of 1,3-glucans
- Patent Document 4 A method of carrying out reverse phase suspension polymerization using a specific amount of a persulfate as a polymerization initiator (see Patent Document 4), aqueous polymerization in the presence of phosphorous acid and / or a salt thereof to form a water absorbent resin precursor
- Patent Document 5 A method of mixing and heating the water-absorbent resin precursor and the surface cross-linking agent after obtaining.
- the water-absorbing resin obtained by these methods has problems such as a decrease in gel strength when it has a high water retention capacity, and can sufficiently satisfy the performance required as an absorber. It wasn't.
- the present invention has been made in view of the current state of the prior art described above, and its main purpose is to have a high gel strength capable of preventing a decrease in liquid permeation rate by suppressing the gel blocking phenomenon that occurs during water absorption. And providing a novel water-absorbent resin that can be suitably used for sanitary materials and the like, and an absorbent body and an absorbent article using the same.
- the inventor has conducted intensive research to achieve the above-described purpose. As a result, when producing a water-absorbent resin by polymerizing water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, by optimizing the production conditions, a novel and unprecedented that combines high water retention and high gel strength. It has been found that a water-absorbing resin can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed here.
- the present invention provides the following water-absorbing resin, and an absorbent body and an absorbent article using the same.
- Item 1 Water-absorbent resin that satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2): (1) The physiological saline water retention capacity is 40 g / g or more, (2) The total gel strength represented by the sum of the gel strength a at 30 times swelling, the gel strength b at 40 times swelling, and the gel strength c at 50 times swelling is 5500 Pa or more, However, the gel strength a at 30 times swelling is the gel strength when the gel is swelled by adding physiological saline so that the total mass of the gel and physiological saline is 30 times the mass of the gel, The gel strength b at 40 times swelling is the gel strength when the saline is added to the gel and swollen so that the total mass of the gel and physiological saline is 40 times the mass of the gel, 50 times The gel strength c at the time of swelling is the gel strength when the saline is added to the gel and s
- Item 2 An absorbent comprising the water-absorbent resin according to Item 1 and a hydrophilic fiber.
- Item 3. An absorbent article obtained by holding the absorbent body according to Item 2 between a liquid-permeable sheet and a liquid-impermeable sheet.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present invention has a high water retention capacity, and the physiological saline water retention capacity is 40 g / g or more, preferably 40 to 60 g / g, more preferably 43 to 55 g / g. is there. If the saline retention capacity is lower than the above range, when the absorbent body or absorbent article is produced, the absorption capacity of the absorbent body becomes low, so a large amount of liquid cannot be absorbed, and liquid leakage or reversal occurs. , The wearing feeling of the absorbent article tends to deteriorate.
- physiological saline water retention capacity of the water absorbent resin is a value when measured according to the measurement method described in “Physical saline water retention capacity of the water absorbent resin” described later.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present invention has a total gel strength of 5500 Pa or more, preferably 5500 to 10,000 Pa, more preferably 6000 to 9000 Pa.
- the total gel strength is a gel strength at 30 times swelling when measured according to the measurement method described in “Gel strength of water-absorbent resin” described later, b is a gel strength at 40 times swelling, and 50
- the gel strength a at 30 times swelling is the gel strength when the saline is added to the gel and swollen so that the total mass of the gel and saline is 30 times the mass of the gel.
- the gel strength b at 40 times swelling is the gel strength when the saline is added to the gel and swollen so that the total mass of the gel and saline is 40 times the mass of the gel, 50
- the gel strength c at the time of double swelling is the gel strength when the saline is added to the gel and swollen so that the total mass of the gel and physiological saline is 50 times the mass of the gel.
- ⁇ Liquid permeation rate is important in addition to reversal and liquid leakage as the performance of the absorber under load.
- As a factor governing the permeation rate there is a gel blocking phenomenon of the water absorbent resin in the absorbent body. This gel blocking phenomenon is related to the gel strength. The stronger the gel strength, the lower the degree of gel blocking and the better the liquid permeation rate. Therefore, a resin having a strong gel strength is preferred.
- gel strength is in a reciprocal relationship with the swelling ratio of the water-absorbent resin, and increasing the swelling ratio decreases the gel strength.
- the swelling factor that affects the liquid penetration rate in the absorbent is considered to be 30 to 50 times. That is, if it is less than 30 times, the amount of absorption is small and gel blocking does not occur. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 times, gel blocking is likely to occur and it is not realistic to use a normal absorber. Therefore, the performance as an absorber can be determined by obtaining the total gel strength in the range of 30 to 50 times that absorbs and swells in the absorber.
- the swelling ratio is a ratio of the total mass of the water absorbent resin and the absorbed liquid to the mass of the water absorbent resin.
- the total gel strength of the water-absorbent resin obtained by such a method is less than 5500 Pa, the gel strength is insufficient, and in the absorbent body and the absorbent article, liquid passage inhibition is caused by gel blocking during liquid absorption under load. The liquid penetration rate deteriorates.
- the median particle diameter of the water absorbent resin of the present invention is preferably 200 to 600 ⁇ m, more preferably 250 to 550 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 300 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the median particle diameter of the water absorbent resin is a value when measured according to the measurement method described in “Medium particle diameter of water absorbent resin” described later.
- the method for obtaining the water-absorbent resin of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be produced, for example, by a reverse phase suspension polymerization method or an aqueous solution polymerization method.
- a radical polymerization initiator and, if necessary, a crosslinking agent and a chain transfer agent are added and mixed in a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer, and a water-soluble ethylenic solvent is added.
- Polymerization is carried out by heating the saturated monomer.
- Raw material compound (i) Water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used as a raw material include (meth) acrylic acid (in this specification, “acrylic” and “ Methacryl ”is collectively referred to as“ (meth) acryl ”(the same applies hereinafter), its salt; 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, its salt; (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl ( Nonionic monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate; N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide An amino group-containing unsatur
- (meth) acrylic acid, its salt, (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide and the like are preferable, and (meth) acrylic acid, its salt, acrylamide and the like are more preferable.
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be used in the form of an aqueous solution in order to increase the dispersion efficiency in the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium during reverse phase suspension polymerization.
- concentration of the above-mentioned monomer in such an aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is usually 20% by mass or more and a saturated concentration or less, preferably 25 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 55% by mass.
- the acid group is neutralized with an alkaline neutralizing agent. It may be summed up.
- an alkaline neutralizer an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or the like can be used. These alkaline neutralizing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the degree of neutralization of all the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers with an alkaline neutralizer increases the water absorption capacity by increasing the osmotic pressure of the resulting water-absorbent resin, and the presence of excess alkaline neutralizer Therefore, the range of 10 to 100% by mole is preferable, and the range of 30 to 80% by mole is more preferable in order not to cause a problem in safety and the like.
- Petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium examples include n-hexane, n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-octane; cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane, cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane, trans-1,3-dimethylcyclo Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as pentane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene can be used.
- These petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion media may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mixed hydrocarbon dispersion medium in which two or more petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion media are mixed for example, Exol heptane (manufactured by ExxonMobil Corp., n-heptane as a main component, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, Mixed hydrocarbon dispersion medium containing methylcyclohexane).
- Exol heptane manufactured by ExxonMobil Corp.
- n-heptane as a main component
- 2-methylhexane 3-methylhexane
- Mixed hydrocarbon dispersion medium containing methylcyclohexane mixed hydrocarbon dispersion medium containing methylcyclohexane.
- n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, exol heptane, etc. are suitable because they are easily available industrially, have stable quality, and are
- the amount of the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium is usually 50 to 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the viewpoint of easily removing the heat of polymerization and controlling the polymerization temperature. 80 to 550 parts by mass is more preferable.
- a surfactant may be used.
- nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether; fatty acid salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylmethyl taurate, polyoxy
- Anionic surfactants such as ethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfonate can be used.
- surfactants sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester and sucrose fatty acid ester are preferable from the viewpoint of dispersion stability of the monomer. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant used is a water-soluble ethylenic solvent in order to maintain a good dispersion state of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium and to obtain a dispersion effect commensurate with the amount used.
- the amount is 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the saturated monomer.
- a polymeric dispersant may be used in combination with a surfactant.
- the polymer dispersant used include ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene, maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-modified polybutadiene, maleic anhydride-EPDM (ethylene / Propylene / diene / methylene copolymer) and the like.
- the amount of the polymeric dispersant used is a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer 100 in order to maintain a good dispersion state of the monomer in the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium and to obtain a dispersion effect commensurate with the amount used.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass.
- radical polymerization initiator examples include persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, Peroxides such as t-butylcumyl peroxide, t-butylperoxyacetate, t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, t-butylperoxypivalate, hydrogen peroxide; 2,2′-azobis (2- Amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (N-phenylamidino) propane] dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (N-allylamidino) propane] dihydrochloride, 2, , 2′-azobis ⁇ 2- [1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-imidazolin
- radical polymerization initiators 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis ⁇ 2- [1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-imidazoline-2 -Yl] propane ⁇ dihydrochloride and 2,2′-azobis [N- (2-carboxyethyl) -2-methylpropionamidine] tetrahydrate have high water retention and high gel strength From the viewpoint of obtaining a functional resin.
- These radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of radical polymerization initiator used is usually preferably 0.00005 to 0.0002 mol, more preferably 0.00006 to 0.00019 mol, per mol of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. If the amount used is too small, it takes a long time for the polymerization reaction, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the amount used is too large, an abrupt polymerization reaction occurs, which is not preferable.
- the radical polymerization initiator can also be used as a redox polymerization initiator in combination with a reducing agent such as sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, ferrous sulfate, and L-ascorbic acid.
- a reducing agent such as sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, ferrous sulfate, and L-ascorbic acid.
- crosslinking agent for example, (poly) ethylene glycol [“(poly)” means with or without the prefix “poly”. The same shall apply hereinafter), (poly) propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, diols such as (poly) glycerin, polyols such as triol, and (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc.
- Unsaturated polyesters obtained by reacting with acids bisacrylamides such as N, N-methylenebisacrylamide; di- or tri (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting polyepoxides with (meth) acrylic acid ;
- diglycidyl ether compounds such as (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and (poly) glycerin diglycidyl ether;
- Epihalohydrin compounds such as epicalumiol, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly) prop
- the amount of the internal cross-linking agent used is 0.000001 to 0.001 mol per 1 mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing the water-holding ability and gel strength of the resulting water-absorbent resin. Is preferred.
- Chain transfer agent In the present invention, the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a chain transfer agent.
- the chain transfer agent is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include thiols such as ethanethiol, propanethiol, and dodecanethiol; thioglycolic acid, thiomalic acid, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, and salts thereof.
- Thiol acids; secondary alcohols such as isopropanol; phosphorus compounds and the like can be used.
- phosphorous compounds include orthophosphoric acid salts such as disodium phosphite, dipotassium phosphite, diammonium phosphite; sodium hydrogen phosphite, hydrogen phosphite Acidic salts of phosphorous acid such as potassium and ammonium hydrogen phosphite; Phosphite compounds such as phosphorous acid; Positive salts of phosphoric acid such as sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate and ammonium phosphate; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate , Acidic salts of phosphoric acid such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate; phosphoric acid compounds such as phosphoric acid; hypophosphorous acid Hypophosphites such as sodium, potassium hypophosphite and ammonium hypophosphite, hypophosphorous compounds such as hypophosphorous acid; pyrophosphoric acid salts such as
- chain transfer agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- chain transfer agents a water-absorbing resin having a high effect of being added and having high water retention ability and high gel strength is obtained, so that thiomalic acid, isopropanol, phosphorous acid compound, phosphoric acid compound and the following Phosphorous acid compounds are preferred, especially disodium phosphite, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hypophosphite.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent used is preferably 0.00001 to 0.0002 mol, more preferably 0.00002 to 0.00019 mol, per mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used. If the amount of chain transfer agent used is too small, a water-absorbing resin with high water retention ability and high gel strength tends not to be obtained, and if the amount used is too large, an effect commensurate with the added amount tends not to be obtained. It is in.
- a water-soluble ethylene-based solvent is obtained by the reversed phase suspension polymerization method using the radical polymerization initiator described above.
- a saturated monomer may be polymerized.
- water in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by mass may be used with respect to 100 parts by mass of the petroleum hydrocarbon solvent.
- the amount of water used is preferably 10 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion state of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 200 parts by mass from the viewpoint of economically favorable industrial production. The following is preferred.
- the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction varies depending on the radical polymerization initiator to be used, but if the reaction temperature is too low, such as less than 20 ° C., the polymerization time becomes longer, which is not preferable.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature is preferably 110 ° C. From such a viewpoint, the reaction temperature is usually 20 to 110 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually preferably 0.5 to 4 hours.
- the reverse-phase suspension polymerization may be performed in one stage, or may be performed in multiple stages of two or more stages.
- the number of stages is preferably 2 to 3 stages from the viewpoint of increasing productivity.
- the reaction mixture obtained by the first stage polymerization reaction is added with water-soluble ethylenic polymer. What is necessary is just to add and mix an unsaturated monomer and to carry out the reverse phase suspension polymerization of the second and subsequent stages in the same manner as in the first stage.
- a radical polymerization initiator, an internal crosslinking agent, a chain transfer agent, etc. are added to each stage after the second stage. Based on the amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer added during reverse phase suspension polymerization in The reverse phase suspension polymerization may be performed under the same conditions as described above.
- the post-crosslinking agent may be any one that can react with the carboxyl group of the water-absorbent resin.
- Representative examples of post-crosslinking agents include (poly) ethylene glycol, (poly) propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, polyols such as (poly) glycerin; (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Diglycidyl ether compounds such as (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether and (poly) glycerin diglycidyl ether; epihalohydrin compounds such as epichlorohydrin, epibromhydrin and ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin; 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate And compounds having two or more reactive functional groups such as isocyanate compounds. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the post-crosslinking agent may be used by
- the amount of the post-crosslinking agent varies depending on the type of the post-crosslinking agent and cannot be determined in general. However, if the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is too small, the surface cross-linking density of the water-absorbent resin becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is too large, the water-holding ability of the water-absorbent resin tends to decrease. For this reason, the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is generally 0.00001 to 0.01 mol, preferably 0.00005 to 0, based on 1 mol of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the polymerization. 0.005 mol, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.002 mol.
- the addition time of the post-crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it is after the completion of the polymerization, but it is 1 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used for obtaining the water absorbent resin. It is preferably added in the presence of water in the range of 5 parts by weight, more preferably in the presence of water in the range of 5 to 200 parts by weight, most preferably in the presence of water in the range of 10 to 100 parts by weight. preferable.
- water or a hydrophilic organic solvent may be used as a solvent as necessary.
- the hydrophilic organic solvent include lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; N, N -Amides such as dimethylformamide, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- These hydrophilic organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These hydrophilic organic solvents may be used as a mixed solvent with water.
- the reaction temperature in the post-crosslinking reaction is preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 60 to 180 ° C., still more preferably 60 to 140 ° C., and particularly preferably 70 to 120 ° C.
- the post-crosslinking reaction time varies depending on the reaction temperature, the type and amount of the post-crosslinking agent, and cannot be determined unconditionally, but is usually 1 to 300 minutes, preferably 5 to 200 minutes.
- a drying process may be performed under a normal pressure and may be performed under reduced pressure. Moreover, in order to improve drying efficiency, you may carry out under airflow, such as nitrogen.
- the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 250 ° C, more preferably 80 to 180 ° C, still more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, and particularly preferably 90 to 130 ° C.
- the drying temperature is preferably 60 to 100 ° C, more preferably 70 to 90 ° C.
- the absorbent body of the present invention comprises the above-described water-absorbent resin of the present invention and hydrophilic fibers.
- the structure of the absorber include a mixing structure in which a water-absorbing resin and a hydrophilic fiber are uniformly blended, a sandwich structure in which a water-absorbing resin is held between layered hydrophilic fibers, and a water-absorbing resin and a hydrophilic fiber.
- the present invention is not limited to such an example.
- hydrophilic fibers examples include cellulose fibers such as cotton-like pulp, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, and semi-chemical pulp obtained from wood, artificial cellulose fibers such as rayon and acetate, polyamides that have been subjected to hydrophilic treatment, polyesters, polyolefins, and the like. Although the fiber etc. which consist of these synthetic resins are mentioned, this invention is not limited only to this illustration.
- the absorbent body of the present invention is added with other components, for example, an adhesive binder such as a heat-fusable synthetic fiber, a hot melt adhesive, and an adhesive emulsion for improving the shape retention of the absorbent body. May be.
- an adhesive binder such as a heat-fusable synthetic fiber, a hot melt adhesive, and an adhesive emulsion for improving the shape retention of the absorbent body. May be.
- the content of the water-absorbent resin in the absorbent body of the present invention is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and further preferably 15 to 60% by mass.
- the content of the water-absorbent resin is too small, the absorption capacity of the absorber is lowered, which tends to increase liquid leakage and reversion.
- there is too much content of a water absorbing resin there exists a tendency for an absorber to become high cost or the touch of an absorber becomes hard.
- liquid permeable sheet top sheet
- liquid impermeable sheet back sheet
- liquid permeable sheet for example, a nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide or the like, a porous synthetic resin sheet or the like can be used.
- liquid impermeable sheet for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polychlorinated resin
- a film made of a synthetic resin such as vinyl, a film made of a composite material of these synthetic resins and a non-woven fabric, or the like can be used, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.
- the type of absorbent article is not particularly limited, but typical examples include sanitary materials such as paper diapers, sanitary napkins, incontinence pads, urine absorbent materials for pets, and civil engineering and building materials such as packing materials. And food freshness-keeping materials such as drip absorbents and cryogens, and agricultural and horticultural articles such as soil water-retaining materials.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present invention has high water retention ability and high gel strength characteristics. Therefore, by using the water absorbent resin of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an absorbent body excellent in performance such as a liquid permeation rate and various absorbent articles using the same.
- the absorbent resin of the present invention can be suitably used for sanitary materials such as disposable diapers.
- the physiological saline water retention ability, the median particle diameter, and the gel strength were evaluated by the method shown below.
- the cotton bag was dehydrated using g-122) for 1 minute, and the weight Wa (g) of the cotton bag containing the swollen gel after dehydration was measured. The same operation was performed without adding the water-absorbent resin, the empty mass Wb (g) when the cotton bag was wet was measured, and the water retention capacity was calculated from the following equation.
- Saline retention capacity (g / g) [Wa ⁇ Wb] (g) / mass of water absorbent resin (g) ⁇ Medium particle size of water absorbent resin>
- a lubricant 0.25 g of amorphous silica (Degussa Japan Co., Ltd., Sipernat 200) was mixed with 50 g of the water absorbent resin.
- the above-mentioned water-absorbing resin was put into the uppermost sieve of the combination in the order of the trays, and classified by shaking for 20 minutes using a low-tap shaker.
- the mass of the water-absorbent resin remaining on each sieve is calculated as a percentage by mass with respect to the total amount, and the mass of the water-absorbent resin remaining on the sieve opening and the sieve is calculated by integrating in order from the larger particle size.
- the relationship between percentage and integrated value was plotted on a logarithmic probability paper. By connecting the plots on the probability paper with a straight line, the particle diameter corresponding to an integrated mass percentage of 50 mass% was defined as the median particle diameter.
- ⁇ Gel strength of water-absorbent resin> The gel strength of the water-absorbent resin of the present invention was measured using an apparatus Y (for example, Neo Card Meter manufactured by Iio Electric Co., Ltd., product number: M-303) having the measurement principle as shown in FIG. 1 under the following conditions. Value.
- the apparatus Y includes a support unit 1, a movable base plate 2 for mounting a measurement sample (gel) 6, a drive unit 3 for driving the movable base plate 2, and a measurement unit 4.
- a gantry 12 is fixed to an upper portion of a support 11 that is erected on the support 10.
- the movable base plate 2 is attached to the column 11 so as to move up and down.
- a pulse motor 30 is mounted on the gantry 12, and the movable base plate 2 is moved up and down via the wire 32 by rotating the pulley 31.
- a pressure sensitive shaft 43 with a disk is attached to a load cell 40 for measuring strain caused by deformation through a precision spring 41 and a connecting shaft 42. Depending on the measurement conditions, the diameter of the disk can be changed.
- a weight 5 can be mounted on the pressure-sensitive shaft 43 with a disk.
- the operating principle of the device Y is as follows.
- a precision spring 41 is fixed to the upper load cell 40 (stress detector), and a pressure-sensitive shaft 43 with a disk is connected to the lower side, and a predetermined weight 5 is placed thereon and suspended vertically.
- the movable base plate 2 on which the measurement sample 6 is placed rises at a constant speed by the rotation of the pulse motor 30.
- a constant speed load is applied to the sample 6 through the spring 41, the strain caused by the deformation is measured by the load cell 40, and the hardness is measured and calculated.
- the hardness value of the gel using apparatus Y (neo card meter manufactured by Iio Electric Co., Ltd., product number: M-303, pressure sensitive disk 16 mm ⁇ , load 100 g, speed 7 sec / inch, viscous mode setting) was measured.
- the gel strength a was calculated from the obtained hardness value (dyne / cm2) by the following formula (0.1: unit correction coefficient (dyne / cm2 ⁇ Pa)).
- the index represented by the sum of the gel strengths a, b, and c was defined as the total gel strength.
- Total gel strength (Pa) gel strength a + gel strength b + gel strength c
- a 2 L round bottom cylindrical separable flask having an inner diameter of 110 mm and equipped with a stirrer, a two-stage paddle blade, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was prepared.
- n-heptane 290 g was taken into this flask, 0.74 g of sucrose stearate (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods, Ltd., Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370), maleic anhydride modified ethylene / propylene copolymer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) ), High wax 1105A) 0.74 g was added, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with stirring to dissolve the surfactant, and then cooled to 50 ° C.
- sucrose stearate Mitsubishi Chemical Foods, Ltd., Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370
- maleic anhydride modified ethylene / propylene copolymer Mitsubishi Chemicals, Inc.
- the flask After adding the total amount of the first stage monomer aqueous solution to the separable flask and sufficiently replacing the system with nitrogen, the flask was immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath and heated. The first stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes to obtain a first stage reaction mixture.
- the first-stage reaction mixture was cooled to 28 ° C., and the second-stage monomer aqueous solution at the same temperature was added to the system and absorbed for 30 minutes. At the same time, the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen. Thereafter, the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath and the temperature was raised, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the reaction mixture was heated in an oil bath at 125 ° C., 240 g of water was withdrawn from the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water, 4.42 g (0.51 mmol) of a 2% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added, and a post-crosslinking reaction was performed at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and n-heptane was evaporated and dried to obtain 230.3 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the amount of water extracted out of the system after the second stage polymerization was changed to 245 g, to obtain 228.7 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 3 In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the amount of water extracted out of the system after the second stage polymerization was changed to 250 g, to obtain 226.9 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 4 the amount used in the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a radical polymerization initiator was 0.018 g (0.0664 mmol), and the second stage was used. The amount used was changed to 0.025 g (0.0922 mmol), and the amount used for the first stage of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate as the chain transfer agent was 3.8 mg (0.0359 mmol), Except having changed the usage-amount of the 2nd step into 5.3 mg (0.0500 mmol), operation similar to Example 2 was performed and 230.7 g of water-absorbing resins were obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 5 In Example 2, the amount used in the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a radical polymerization initiator was 0.051 g (0.188 mmol), Except having changed the usage-amount into 0.072 g (0.265 mmol), operation similar to Example 2 was performed and 229.1 g of water-absorbing resins were obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 6 the use amount of the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a radical polymerization initiator was 0.044 g (0.162 mmol), and the second stage was used. The amount used was changed to 0.061 g (0.225 mmol), the amount used in the first stage of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate as the chain transfer agent was 0.015 g (0.142 mmol), Except having changed the usage-amount of the 2nd step into 0.021 g (0.198 mmol), operation similar to Example 2 was performed and 228.2 g of water-absorbing resins were obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 7 In Example 1, 0.044 g (0.162 mmol) of the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, which is a radical polymerization initiator, was used in the second stage. The amount used was changed to 0.061 g (0.225 mmol), the amount used in the first stage of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate as the chain transfer agent was 0.020 g (0.189 mmol), Except having changed the usage-amount of the 2nd step into 0.028 g (0.264 mmol), operation similar to Example 1 was performed and 230.2 g of water-absorbing resins were obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- the flask After adding the total amount of the first stage monomer aqueous solution to the separable flask and sufficiently replacing the system with nitrogen, the flask was immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath and heated. The first stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes to obtain a first stage reaction mixture.
- the first-stage reaction mixture was cooled to 28 ° C., and the second-stage monomer aqueous solution at the same temperature was added to the system and absorbed for 30 minutes. At the same time, the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen. Thereafter, the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath and the temperature was raised, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the reaction mixture was heated in an oil bath at 125 ° C., 240 g of water was withdrawn from the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water, 4.42 g (0.51 mmol) of a 2% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added, and a post-crosslinking reaction was performed at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and n-heptane was evaporated and dried to obtain 229.3 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 1, the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out except that the amount of water extracted out of the system after the second stage polymerization was changed to 250 g, to obtain 227.7 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 1, the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out except that the amount of water extracted outside the system after the second stage polymerization was changed to 258 g, to obtain 227.5 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 4 the amount used in the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a radical polymerization initiator was 0.012 g (0.0442 mmol), and the second stage was used. Except having changed the usage-amount into 0.017g (0.0627 mmol), operation similar to Example 2 was performed and 229.5g of water absorbing resins were obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 5 In Example 3, the amount of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, the chain transfer agent, used in the first stage was 1.0 mg (0.00943 mmol), and the amount used in the second stage was 1.4 mg ( Except for the change to 0.0132 mmol), the same operation as in Example 3 was performed to obtain 225.2 g of a water absorbent resin. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- Example 6 the usage amount of the first stage of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a radical polymerization initiator was 0.060 g (0.221 mmol), and the second stage was used. The amount of water used was changed to 0.084 g (0.310 mmol), and the same operation as in Example 3 was performed except that sodium hypophosphite monohydrate as a chain transfer agent was not used. 226.4 g was obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of each performance.
- a polyethylene air-through porous liquid permeable sheet having the same size as the absorber and having a basis weight of 22 g / m 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the absorber, and the polyethylene liquid impervious sheet having the same size and the same basis weight. was placed on the lower surface of the absorbent body, and the absorbent body was sandwiched to obtain an absorbent article.
- an absorbent article was placed on a horizontal table. At the center of the absorbent article is placed a measuring instrument equipped with a 10 cm x 10 cm, 2 kg weight cylinder for liquid injection with an inner diameter of 3 cm, and 50 mL of artificial urine is put into the cylinder at once and a stopwatch. was used to measure the time until the artificial urine completely disappeared from the cylinder, and was defined as the first permeation time (seconds).
- remove the cylinder store the absorbent article as it is, and perform the same operation using the measuring instrument at the same position as the first time 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the start of the first artificial urine injection. And the second and third permeation times (seconds) were measured.
- the total time for the first to third times was defined as the total penetration time. It can be said that the shorter the permeation time, the better the absorbent article.
- the total penetration time is preferably 300 seconds or less.
- (D) Amount of reversal 10 cm square filter paper whose mass (Wc (g), about 50 g) has been measured in advance in the vicinity of the artificial urine charging position on the absorbent article after 60 minutes have elapsed from the end of the permeation time measurement. And a 5 kg weight having a bottom of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was placed thereon. After loading for 5 minutes, the mass of the filter paper (Wd (g)) was measured, and the increased mass was taken as the reversal amount (g). It can be said that the smaller the amount of reversion, the better the absorbent article. For example, the return amount is preferably 8 g or less.
- the water-absorbent resins obtained in Examples 1 to 7 have high total gel strength in the region of high physiological saline water retention capacity. Moreover, it turns out that the absorbent article obtained by each Example exhibits the performance which was excellent in both the return amount and the total penetration time.
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Abstract
Description
項1. 下記(1)及び(2)の条件を満足する吸水性樹脂:
(1)生理食塩水保水能が40g/g以上であること、
(2)30倍膨潤時のゲル強度a、40倍膨潤時のゲル強度b、及び50倍膨潤時のゲル強度cの総和で表される総ゲル強度が5500Pa以上であること、
但し、30倍膨潤時のゲル強度aとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量がゲルの質量の30倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度であり、40倍膨潤時のゲル強度bとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量がゲルの質量の40倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度であり、50倍膨潤時のゲル強度cとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量が、ゲルの質量の50倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度である。
項2. 上記項1記載の吸水性樹脂と親水性繊維を含む吸収体。
項3. 上記項2記載の吸収体を、液体透過性シートと液体不透過性シートとの間に保持してなる吸収性物品。
本発明の吸水性樹脂は高い保水能を有するものであり、生理食塩水保水能が、40g/g以上であり、好ましくは40~60g/g、より好ましくは43~55g/gである。上記した範囲より生理食塩水保水能が低いと、吸収体や吸収性物品を作製したときに、吸収体の吸収容量が低くなるため、大量の液体を吸収しきれず、液モレや逆戻りなどが生じ、吸収性物品の装着感が悪くなる傾向がある。
本発明の吸水性樹脂を得るための方法は特に限定されず、例えば、逆相懸濁重合法、水溶液重合法等によって製造することができる。
(i)水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体
原料として用いる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸(本明細書においては「アクリル」及び「メタクリル」を合わせて「(メタ)アクリル」と表記する。以下同様)、その塩;2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸、その塩;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等の非イオン性単量体;N,N-ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミノ基含有不飽和単量体、その4級化物等を用いることができる。水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、これらの化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いることができる。
石油系炭化水素分散媒としては、例えば、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、2-メチルヘキサン、3-メチルヘキサン、2,3-ジメチルペンタン、3-エチルペンタン、n-オクタン等の脂肪族炭化水素;シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン、メチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,2-ジメチルシクロペンタン、cis-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素等を用いることができる。これらの石油系炭化水素分散媒は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の石油系炭化水素分散媒が混合された混合炭化水素分散媒としては、例えば、エクソールヘプタン(エクソンモービル社製、主成分としてn-ヘプタン、2-メチルヘキサン、3-メチルヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサンを含む混合炭化水素分散媒)が挙げられる。これらの石油系炭化水素分散媒のなかでも、工業的に入手が容易であり、品質が安定しており、かつ安価であるため、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、エクソールヘプタン等が好適に用いられる。
分散安定剤としては、界面活性剤を用いればよい。例えば、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル等のノニオン系界面活性剤;脂肪酸塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルメチルタウリン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルスルホン酸塩等のアニオン系界面活性剤等を用いることができる。
ラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩類;メチルエチルケトンパーオキシド、メチルイソブチルケトンパーオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシド、t-ブチルクミルパーオキシド、t-ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t-ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレート、過酸化水素等の過酸化物類;2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-(N-フェニルアミジノ)プロパン〕二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-(N-アリルアミジノ)プロパン〕二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス{2-〔1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-イミダゾリン-2-イル〕プロパン}二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス[N-(2-カルボキシエチル)-2-メチルプロピオンアミジン]四水和物、2,2’-アゾビス{2-メチル-N-〔1,1-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)-2-ヒドロキシエチル〕プロピオンアミド}、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-プロピオンアミド〕、4,4’-アゾビス(4-シアノ吉草酸)等のアゾ化合物等を用いることができる。
本発明においては、重合反応を架橋剤(以下、「内部架橋剤」ということがある)の存在下に行うことが好ましい。内部架橋剤としては、例えば、(ポリ)エチレングリコール〔「(ポリ)」とは「ポリ」の接頭語がある場合とない場合を意味する。以下同じ〕、(ポリ)プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブタンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン、(ポリ)グリセリン等のジオール、トリオール等のポリオール類と(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和酸とを反応させて得られる不飽和ポリエステル類;N,N-メチレンビスアクリルアミド等のビスアクリルアミド類;ポリエポキシドと(メタ)アクリル酸とを反応させて得られるジまたはトリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類;トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のポリイソシアネートと(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチルとを反応させて得られるジ(メタ)アクリル酸カルバミルエステル類;アリル化澱粉、アリル化セルロース、ジアリルフタレート、N,N’,N’’-トリアリルイソシアネート、ジビニルベンゼン等の重合性不飽和基を2個以上有する化合物;(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル等のジグリシジルエーテル化合物;エピクロルヒドリン、エピブロムヒドリン、α-メチルエピクロルヒドリン等のエピハロヒドリン化合物;2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のイソシアネート化合物等の反応性官能基を2個以上有する化合物;3-メチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-エチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-ブチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-メチル-3-オキセタンエタノール、3-エチル-3-オキセタンエタノール、3-ブチル-3-オキセタンエタノール等のオキセタン化合物等を用いることができる。これらの内部架橋剤は、それぞれ単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明では、重合反応を連鎖移動剤の存在下に行うことが好ましい。連鎖移動剤としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、エタンチオール、プロパンチオール、ドデカンチオール等のチオール類;チオグリコール酸、チオリンゴ酸、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸、それらの塩等のチオール酸類;イソプロパノール等の第2級アルコール類;リン化合物などを用いることができる。
本発明では、上記した分散安定剤を含む石油系炭化水素分散媒中で、上記したラジカル重合開始剤を用いて逆相懸濁重合法によって水溶性エチレン系不飽和単量体を重合させればよい。この際、高いゲル強度と優れた保水能を兼ね備えた吸水性樹脂を得るためには、上記した条件に基づいて、内部架橋剤、連鎖移動剤などの存在下に重合反応を行うことが好ましい。
本発明においては、目的とする高いゲル強度と優れた保水能を有する吸水性樹脂を得るためには、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合後から乾燥までの工程において、後架橋剤を添加して、後架橋処理を施すことが好ましい。
本発明において、乾燥工程は常圧下で行ってもよく、減圧下で行ってもよい。また、乾燥効率を高めるため、窒素等の気流下で行ってもよい。乾燥工程が常圧の場合、乾燥温度は70~250℃が好ましく、80~180℃がより好ましく、80~140℃が更に好ましく、90~130℃が特に好ましい。また、減圧下の場合、乾燥温度は60~100℃が好ましく、70~90℃がより好ましい。
本発明の吸収体は、上記した本発明の吸水性樹脂と親水性繊維とから構成されるものである。該吸収体の構成としては、例えば、吸水性樹脂と親水性繊維を均一にブレンドしたミキシング構造、層状の親水性繊維の間に吸水性樹脂を保持したサンドイッチ構造、吸水性樹脂と親水性繊維とをティッシュで包んだ構造等が挙げられるが、本発明は、かかる例示のみに限定されるものではない。
500mL容のビーカーに、0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(生理食塩水)500gを量り取り、600回転/分で撹拌しながら、吸水性樹脂2.0gを、ママコが発生しないように分散させた。撹拌した状態で30分間放置し、吸水性樹脂を十分に膨潤させた。その後、綿袋(メンブロード60番、横100mm×縦200mm)中に注ぎ込み、綿袋の上部を輪ゴムで縛り、遠心力が167Gとなるよう設定した脱水機(国産遠心機株式会社製、品番:g-122)を用いて綿袋を1分間脱水し、脱水後の膨潤ゲルを含んだ綿袋の質量Wa(g)を測定した。吸水性樹脂を添加せずに同様の操作を行ない、綿袋の湿潤時の空質量Wb(g)を測定し、以下の式から保水能を算出した。
<吸水性樹脂の中位粒子径>
吸水性樹脂50gに、滑剤として、0.25gの非晶質シリカ(デグサジャパン(株)、Sipernat200)を混合した。
本発明の吸水性樹脂のゲル強度は、下記の条件で、図1に示すような測定原理を有する装置Y(例えば、飯尾電気社製ネオカードメーター、品番:M-303)を用いて測定した値である。
精密スプリング41を、上方のロードセル40(応力検出器)に固定し、下方にはディスク付き感圧軸43を連結して所定の重り5を乗せて垂直に懸吊してある。測定試料6を乗せた可動台板2は、パルスモーター30の回転により一定速度で上昇する。スプリング41を介して試料6に定速荷重を加え、変形により生ずる歪みをロードセル40で計測し、硬さを測定演算するものである。
次に、それぞれ生理食塩水39.0g(40倍膨潤)、49.0g(50倍膨潤)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、ゲル強度b及びゲル強度cを測定した。
[実施例1]
ドラフトチャンバー内に、攪拌機、2段パドル翼、還流冷却器、滴下ロート及び窒素ガス導入管を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。
実施例1において、第2段目の重合後系外へ抜き出した水の量を245gに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂228.7gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、第2段目の重合後系外へ抜き出した水の量を250gに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂226.9gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.018g(0.0664ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.025g(0.0922ミリモル)に変更し、連鎖移動剤である次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物の第1段目の使用量を3.8mg(0.0359ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を5.3mg(0.0500ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂230.7gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.051g(0.188ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.072g(0.265ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂229.1gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.044g(0.162ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.061g(0.225ミリモル)に変更し、連鎖移動剤である次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物の第1段目の使用量を0.015g(0.142ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.021g(0.198ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂228.2gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.044g(0.162ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.061g(0.225ミリモル)に変更し、連鎖移動剤である次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物の第1段目の使用量を0.020g(0.189ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.028g(0.264ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂230.2gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
ドラフトチャンバー内に、攪拌機、2段パドル翼、還流冷却器、滴下ロート及び窒素ガス導入管を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。
比較例1において、第2段目の重合後系外へ抜き出した水の量を250gに変更した以外は、比較例1と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂227.7gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
比較例1において、第2段目の重合後系外へ抜き出した水の量を258gに変更した以外は、比較例1と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂227.5gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.012g(0.0442ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.017g(0.0627ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂229.5gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例3において、連鎖移動剤である次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物の第1段目の使用量を1.0mg(0.00943ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を1.4mg(0.0132ミリモル)に変更した以外は、実施例3と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂225.2gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例3において、ラジカル重合開始剤である2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩の第1段目の使用量を0.060g(0.221ミリモル)、第2段目の使用量を0.084g(0.310ミリモル)に変更し、連鎖移動剤である次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物を使用しないこと以外は、実施例3と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂226.4gを得た。各性能の測定結果を表1に示す。
(a)人工尿の調製
10L容の容器に適量の蒸留水を入れ、塩化ナトリウム60g、塩化カルシウム・二水和物1.8gおよび塩化マグネシウム・六水和物3.6gを添加し、溶解した。次いで、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル0.02gを添加し、さらに蒸留水を追加して、全体の質量を6000gとした。さらに、少量の青色1号で着色して、人工尿を調製した。
吸水性樹脂10gと粉砕パルプ(レオニア社製レイフロック)10gを用い、空気抄造によって均一混合することにより、42cm×12cmの大きさのシート状の吸収体コアを作製した。次に、吸収体コアの上下を、吸収体コアと同じ大きさで、坪量16g/m2 の2枚のティッシュッペーパーではさんだ状態で、ロールプレスを用いて圧縮し吸収体を作製した。さらに吸収体の上面に、吸収体と同じ大きさで、坪量22g/m2 のポリエチレン製エアスルー型多孔質液体透過性シートを配置し、同じ大きさ、同じ坪量のポリエチレン製液体不透過性シートを吸収体の下面に配置して、吸収体を挟みつけることにより、吸収性物品とした。
液浸透速度を評価するために、以下の方法で浸透時間を測定した。浸透時間が短い程、液浸透速度が速いといえる。
前記浸透時間の測定終了から60分経過後、吸収性物品上の人工尿投入位置付近に、あらかじめ質量(Wc(g)、約50g)を測定しておいた10cm四方の濾紙を置き、その上に底面が10cm×10cmの5kgの重りを載せた。5分間の荷重後、濾紙の質量(Wd(g))を測定し、増加した質量を逆戻り量(g)とした。逆戻り量が小さいほど、吸収性物品として好ましいと言える。例えば、逆戻り量として8g以下が好ましい。
1 支持部
10 支持台
11 支柱
12 架台
2 可動台板
3 可動台板駆動部
30 パルスモーター
31 プーリー
32 ワイヤー
4 測定部
40 ロードセル
41 精密スプリング
42 連継軸
43 感圧軸
5 重り
6 測定試料(ゲル)
Claims (3)
- 下記(1)及び(2)の条件を満足する吸水性樹脂:
(1)生理食塩水保水能が40g/g以上であること、
(2)30倍膨潤時のゲル強度a、40倍膨潤時のゲル強度b、及び50倍膨潤時のゲル強度cの総和で表される総ゲル強度が5500Pa以上であること、
但し、30倍膨潤時のゲル強度aとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量がゲルの質量の30倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度であり、40倍膨潤時のゲル強度bとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量がゲルの質量の40倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度であり、50倍膨潤時のゲル強度cとは、ゲルと生理食塩水の合計質量が、ゲルの質量の50倍となるようにゲルに生理食塩水を加えて膨潤させた際のゲル強度である。 - 請求項1記載の吸水性樹脂と親水性繊維を含む吸収体。
- 請求項2記載の吸収体を、液体透過性シートと液体不透過性シートとの間に保持してなる吸収性物品。
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US14/110,280 US20140031203A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-19 | Water-absorbent resin, absorbent body and absorbent article |
CN201280019586.5A CN103502287A (zh) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-19 | 吸水性树脂、吸收体和吸收性物品 |
JP2013511037A JPWO2012144564A1 (ja) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-19 | 吸水性樹脂、吸収体及び吸収性物品 |
EP12774301.1A EP2700663A4 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-04-19 | WATER ABSORBENT RESIN, ABSORBENT BODY AND ABSORBENT ITEM |
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EP (1) | EP2700663A4 (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN103502287A (ja) |
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WO2016143734A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-15 | Sdpグローバル株式会社 | 水性液体吸収性樹脂の製造方法 |
JP2018050833A (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 吸収性物品 |
JP2018050835A (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 吸収性物品 |
US10323105B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2019-06-18 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co. Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin and absorbent article |
US10525443B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2020-01-07 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co. Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin and absorbent article |
WO2020184395A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂粒子及びその製造方法、吸収体、吸収性物品、並びに、浸透速度の調整方法 |
WO2020184393A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂粒子、吸収体及び吸収性物品 |
US11136420B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2021-10-05 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co. Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin and method of producing water-absorbent resin |
CN114249567A (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-29 | 纳思同(无锡)科技发展有限公司 | 一种超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 |
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JP5719079B1 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-05-13 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂及び吸収性物品 |
JP7194101B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2022-12-21 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂 |
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JP2018050833A (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 吸収性物品 |
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JPWO2020184395A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | ||
WO2020184393A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂粒子、吸収体及び吸収性物品 |
JP7443330B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2024-03-05 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂粒子及びその製造方法、吸収体、吸収性物品、並びに、浸透速度の調整方法 |
CN114249567A (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-29 | 纳思同(无锡)科技发展有限公司 | 一种超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN114249567B (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-08-09 | 纳思同(无锡)科技发展有限公司 | 一种超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 |
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TW201247249A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
EP2700663A4 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2700663A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
US20140031203A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
AR086179A1 (es) | 2013-11-27 |
CN103502287A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
JPWO2012144564A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
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