WO2012140951A1 - 有価金属回収方法 - Google Patents
有価金属回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012140951A1 WO2012140951A1 PCT/JP2012/053492 JP2012053492W WO2012140951A1 WO 2012140951 A1 WO2012140951 A1 WO 2012140951A1 JP 2012053492 W JP2012053492 W JP 2012053492W WO 2012140951 A1 WO2012140951 A1 WO 2012140951A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/02—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron by applying additives, e.g. fluxing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0039—Bath smelting or converting in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0056—Scrap treating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently recovering valuable metals contained in a waste battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- waste batteries such as lithium ion batteries
- crushed waste batteries are melted, and valuable metals to be recovered and other metals with low added value are separated and recovered using the difference in oxygen affinity between them. . That is, an element with low added value such as iron is oxidized as much as possible to obtain slag, and valuable materials such as cobalt are recovered as an alloy while suppressing oxidation as much as possible.
- Patent Document 1 a high-temperature heating furnace is used, and a valuable metal such as nickel or cobalt is recovered as an alloy by adding a SiO 2 / CaO-based flux to a waste battery.
- a valuable metal such as nickel or cobalt
- metallic iron iron is 20% or more, nickel and cobalt are each 20% or less, and the SiO 2 / CaO ratio is 1 or more.
- the melting temperature in the examples is 1450 ° C.
- Aluminum foil is used for the positive electrode of waste batteries such as lithium ion batteries. Since metal aluminum has the property of being very easily oxidized, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), which is an oxide, is produced when the melting treatment is performed. This alumina is distributed to the slag, but at the same time, it is known to increase the melting temperature of the slag and increase the slag viscosity. In this case, when the melting temperature is low, there is a problem that the slag does not melt or the viscosity becomes high and the separation from the alloy which is a valuable metal to be recovered is poor and the recovery rate is lowered. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of operational efficiency, the melting temperature is preferably as low as possible.
- Patent Document 1 does not disclose that the melting temperature is determined by paying attention to the amount of alumina or iron.
- the present inventors can further reduce the melting temperature of the entire slag by coexisting iron oxide.
- the headline and the present invention were completed. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- a method for recovering valuable metals from waste batteries containing aluminum and iron A melting step of melting the waste battery to obtain a melt, A slag separation step of separating slag from the melt, An alloy separation step of separating an alloy of valuable metals from the melt, Adding silicon dioxide and calcium oxide as flux in the melting step, The content of aluminum oxide in the slag is 5% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass, and the iron content in terms of metallic iron is 20% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, A valuable metal recovery method in which the melting step is performed at 1400 ° C. or lower.
- the slag viscosity is reduced to enable operation at a low temperature, and separation of the slag and the alloy is ensured to make valuable metals efficient. Can be recovered.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a valuable metal recovery method from a waste battery.
- the slag composition and the means for obtaining it will be described.
- the waste battery is a lithium ion battery
- the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a waste battery containing aluminum and iron.
- this valuable metal recovery method includes a waste battery pretreatment process ST10, a dry process S20, and a wet process S30.
- the present invention is a total process in which an alloy is obtained in the dry process S20, and then valuable metal elements are separated and recovered in the wet process S30.
- the waste battery in the present invention means not only a used battery but also a defective product in the process.
- what is necessary is just to include a waste battery in the process target, and adding other metals, resin, etc. other than a waste battery suitably is not excluded. In that case, it is a waste battery of the present invention including other metals and resins.
- the waste battery pretreatment step ST10 is performed for the purpose of preventing explosion of the waste battery. That is, since the waste battery is a closed system and has an electrolyte solution or the like inside, if the dry melting process is performed as it is, there is a risk of explosion and there is a danger. For this reason, it is necessary to perform an opening process for degassing by some method. This is the purpose of performing the waste battery pretreatment step ST10.
- the specific method of the waste battery pretreatment step ST10 is not particularly limited.
- the waste battery may be physically opened with a sword-shaped blade edge.
- a melting process is performed in the subsequent dry processing, separation of individual members or the like is not necessary.
- a melting process ST21 is performed in which the pretreated waste battery obtained in the waste battery pretreatment process ST10 is melted at a predetermined temperature to obtain a melt.
- Melting process ST21 can be performed with a conventionally known electric furnace or the like.
- an oxidizing agent such as air is blown.
- aluminum foil is used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries.
- Carbon is used as the negative electrode material.
- the outer shell of the battery is made of iron or aluminum, and plastic is used for the outer package of the assembled battery. Since these materials are basically reducing agents, the total reaction of melting and oxidizing to gas or slag becomes an oxidation reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce oxygen into the system. This is why air is introduced in the melting step ST21.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easy handling, a gas containing oxygen such as air, pure oxygen, and oxygen-enriched gas is preferably used. These are directly fed into the electric furnace in the melting step ST21. Note that dust, exhaust gas, and the like in the melting step ST21 are detoxified in a conventionally known exhaust gas treatment ST24.
- SiO 2, CaO, or the like is added as a flux in order to lower the melting temperature of the slag separated in the slag separation step ST22 described later. This is a feature of the present invention and will be described later.
- the melting step ST21 produces an alloy of nickel, cobalt, copper as valuable metals and slag which is an oxide of iron, aluminum or the like. Since both have different specific gravities, they are recovered respectively in the slag separation step ST22 and the alloy separation step ST23.
- a phosphorus removal step ST25 is further performed from the obtained alloy.
- ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or the like is used as an organic solvent, and LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) or the like is used as an electrolyte as an electrolyte.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- electrolyte electrolyte
- phosphorus in this LiPF 6 has the property of being relatively easily oxidized, it has a property of relatively high affinity with iron group elements such as iron, cobalt and nickel.
- Phosphorus in the alloy is difficult to remove in the subsequent wet process of recovering each element as a metal from the alloy obtained by the dry process, and accumulates as impurities in the processing system, so that the operation cannot be continued. For this reason, it is removed in this dephosphorization step ST25.
- lime or the like that generates CaO by reaction is added and oxygen-containing gas such as air is blown to oxidize phosphorus in the alloy and absorb it in CaO.
- the alloy thus obtained is mainly composed of cobalt, nickel derived from the positive electrode material, lithium derived from the electrolyte, copper derived from the negative electrode material conductive material, and the like.
- the dry process and the wet process by obtaining an alloy with few impurities by making the dry process a broad pretreatment and also greatly reducing the amount of processing to be put into the wet process.
- the wet process is basically a complicated process that is not suitable for mass processing, it is necessary to perform the processing time of the wet process, in particular, the dissolution process ST31 in a short time in order to combine with the dry process.
- the melting time can be shortened by granulating the alloy.
- the average surface area in terms of the surface area is 300 mm 2 from 1 mm 2, it is preferable from 0.4mg Speaking in average weight in the range of 2.2 g. If it is less than the lower limit of this range, it is not preferable because the particles are too fine and difficult to handle, and further, the reaction is too early and it becomes difficult to dissolve at once due to excessive heat generation. If the upper limit is exceeded, the dissolution rate in the subsequent wet process decreases, which is not preferable.
- a method of granulating the alloy by shot a conventionally known method of quenching by inflow of molten metal into flowing water can be used.
- a valuable metal recovery process from a waste battery is meaningless if it is recovered as an alloy as in Patent Document 1, and needs to be recovered as a valuable metal element.
- an alloy of only valuable metals as described above can be used to simplify the subsequent wet process.
- the wet processing amount is reduced from about 1 ⁇ 4 to about 3 in mass ratio as compared with the amount of the input waste battery.
- the wet process can use a conventionally known method and is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known method for example, in the case of an alloy composed of cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron when the waste battery is a lithium ion battery, after acid dissolution (dissolution step ST31), iron removal, copper separation recovery, nickel / cobalt separation, Valuable metal elements can be recovered through the element separation step ST32 in the procedures of nickel recovery and cobalt recovery.
- the oxidation process was performed in a state where the waste battery was melted in the dry process, so in order to appropriately adjust the degree of oxidation in the oxidation process,
- the melting process was required to be a batch process in which the next process was started again from the beginning after the oxidation process of all the waste batteries simultaneously processed in the furnace was completed.
- the waste battery that has been previously oxidized in the preliminary oxidation step ST15 can be continuously treated in the dry process by continuously charging the waste battery in the melting furnace. A larger amount of processing is possible.
- the present invention can be suitably used when it is at least 1 t or more per day, preferably 10 t or more per day.
- the type of waste battery is not particularly limited, but a rare metal such as cobalt or nickel can be recovered, and its use has been expanded to batteries for automobiles, etc., and a lithium ion battery that requires a large-scale recovery process is the present invention. It can illustrate preferably as a process target.
- the main elements constituting the melt are generally oxidized in the order of aluminum> lithium> carbon> manganese> phosphorous> iron> cobalt> nickel> copper due to the difference in affinity with oxygen. That is, aluminum is most easily oxidized and copper is most difficult to be oxidized. For this reason, when aluminum which is easily oxidized is contained in the slag, the aluminum oxide which raises the melting temperature of the slag and increases the viscosity (alumina) is generated.
- slag containing a lot of aluminum oxide has a high melting temperature and is known to be a highly viscous slag.
- An increase in the melting temperature of the slag is not preferable because the operation cost is greatly increased due to an increase in energy cost and an increase in the melting rate of the refractory.
- the temperature exceeds 1500 ° C. an operation using a normal electric furnace becomes difficult, and a plasma treatment or the like as described in Patent Document 1 is also required.
- the melting temperature of the slag is 1400 ° C. or less, preferably 1300 ° C. or less.
- the melting step ST21 can be performed at 1400 ° C. or lower, preferably 1300 ° C. or lower, so that a conventionally known electric furnace can be used and productivity is high, and the alloy and slag are sufficiently separated. The recovery rate of valuable metals contained in the alloy is also improved.
- SiO 2 and CaO are added in the melting step ST21 to lower the melting temperature of the slag (see FIG. 1). As a result, the viscosity can be lowered by lowering the melting temperature of the slag.
- SiO 2 (silicon dioxide) and CaO (lime) are added.
- the addition ratio is preferably such that the mass ratio of silicon dioxide / calcium oxide in the slag is in the range of 0.5 to 2, more preferably 0.8 to 1.4. If the mass ratio is less than 0.5, the melting temperature of the slag becomes high, which is not preferable. If the mass ratio exceeds 2, the viscosity of the slag becomes too high and separation from the alloy becomes difficult.
- the amount of alumina and iron in the slag is also important.
- the content of alumina in the slag is 5% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass
- the iron content in terms of metallic iron is 20% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less.
- the valuable metal recovery method according to the present invention can be implemented by increasing the iron content in the slag.
- scrap iron or iron oxide such as various types of smelting slag is used as the iron source, and added to the waste battery melt in the melting process.
- the valuable metal recovery method of the present invention can be suitably carried out by oxidizing it in an amount suitable for it and converting it to slag.
- the alumina content is 5% by mass or less, the problem that the melting temperature of the slag becomes high is unlikely to occur. If it exceeds 20% by mass, it is difficult to adjust the melting temperature of the slag to 1400 ° C. or lower even if the flux and iron are adjusted. On the other hand, when the iron content in terms of metallic iron is less than 20% by mass, the melting temperature of the slag is insufficiently lowered and it is difficult to adjust the melting temperature of the slag to 1400 ° C. or less. The amount of iron source that needs to be supplied in addition to the waste battery becomes large, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- the slag obtained in the slag separation step ST22 has a melting temperature of 1400 ° C. or lower, preferably a melting temperature of 1300 ° C. or lower. And by performing melting process ST21 at 1400 degrees C or less, Preferably it is 1300 degrees C or less, since the viscosity of slag fully falls, isolation
- the sample was oxidized by blowing a predetermined amount of oxygen through the alumina tube. After oxidation, hold for 30 minutes, then cool in furnace, separate and recover slag and alloy after cooling, partition rate to metallic iron and metallic cobalt in the alloy by ICP method, and metallic iron into slag, respectively And the concentration of alumina was analyzed.
- the same amount of the mixed lithium flux of the SiO 2 / CaO ratio shown in Table 1 as shown in Table 1 was added to the same amount of the waste lithium ion battery as the example.
- the iron addition performed in the example was not performed, and the treatment temperature shown in Table 1 was maintained for 30 minutes.
- the sample was oxidized, furnace cooled, and slag and alloy separated and recovered by the same treatment as in the examples, and the distribution ratio of metal iron and metal cobalt into the alloy and the metal into the slag by the ICP method, respectively.
- the concentration of iron and alumina was analyzed.
- Table 1 shows the results of determining the distribution ratio of metallic iron and metallic cobalt in the alloy and the concentrations of metallic iron and alumina in the slag from the weight and the analytical values of iron and cobalt for each alloy and slag. Shown in Moreover, the distribution rate to metallic iron and metallic cobalt in an alloy is shown in FIG.
- the amount of aluminum oxide and iron in the slag is within the scope of the present invention, and the mass ratio of silicon dioxide / calcium oxide of the flux to be added is 0.5 or more and 2 or less. It can be seen that by setting the range, the slag viscosity is lowered and the alloy and slag are separated well, and the alloy and slag can be separated and recovered at a melting temperature of 1300 ° C or 1400 ° C. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, according to the valuable metal recovery method of the present invention, the distribution ratio of iron into the alloy, that is, the mass ratio of metallic iron in the alloy to the total iron amount in terms of iron element is 36. The recovery rate of metal cobalt is 81% or more, and the mass ratio of metal iron is 48% or more, so that the recovery rate of metal cobalt can be 91% or more. It can be seen that valuable metals can be recovered at a high rate.
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Abstract
Description
前記廃電池を熔融して熔融物を得る熔融工程と、
前記熔融物からスラグを分離するスラグ分離工程と、
前記熔融物から有価金属の合金を分離する合金分離工程とを備え、
前記熔融工程においてフラックスとして二酸化珪素及び酸化カルシウムを添加し、
前記スラグ中の酸化アルミニウムの含量が5質量%以上20質量%未満であり、かつ、金属鉄換算の鉄含量が20質量%以上40質量%以下であり、
前記熔融工程を1400℃以下で行う有価金属回収方法。
図1に示すように、この有価金属回収方法は、廃電池前処理工程ST10と、乾式工程S20と、湿式工程S30とからなる。このように、本発明においては乾式工程S20において合金を得て、その後に湿式工程S30によって有価金属元素を分離回収するトータルプロセスである。なお、本発明における廃電池とは、使用済み電池のみならず、工程内の不良品等も含む意味である。また、処理対象に廃電池を含んでいればよく、廃電池以外のその他の金属や樹脂等を適宜加えることを排除するものではない。その場合にはその他の金属や樹脂を含めて本発明の廃電池である。
廃電池前処理工程ST10は、廃電池の爆発防止を目的として行われる。すなわち、廃電池は密閉系であり内部に電解液等を有しているため、このまま乾式の熔融処理を行なうと爆発のおそれがあり危険である。このため、何らかの方法でガス抜きのための開孔処理を施す必要がある。これが廃電池前処理工程ST10を行う目的である。
乾式工程S20においては、廃電池前処理工程ST10で得られた前処理済廃電池を所定温度で熔融して熔融物を得る熔融工程ST21を行う。熔融工程ST21は従来公知の電気炉等で行うことができる。
本実施形態においては乾式工程S20の最後に合金を冷却して得る際に、これを粒状物(ショット化合金又は単にショットとも言う)として得る。これにより、後の湿式工程S30における溶解工程ST31を短時間で行なうことができる。
従来、乾式工程と湿式工程を組み合わせたトータルプロセスにおいては、乾式工程において、廃電池を熔融した状態で酸化処理を行っていたため、酸化処理における酸化度を適切に調整するために、乾式工程内の熔融工程は、溶炉内で同時に処理する全ての廃電池の酸化処理を終えてから、改めて次の工程を最初から開始するというバッチ処理とする必要があった。本発明の有機金属回収方法によれば、予め予備酸化工程ST15によって酸化処理を終えた廃電池を連続的に溶融炉に投入することにより、乾式工程において廃電池を連続的に処理できるため、従来より大量の処理が可能である。少なくとも1日あたり1t以上、好ましくは1日あたり10t以上である場合に本発明を好適に使用できる。
次に、本発明の特徴である熔融工程ST21におけるスラグ形成について説明する。前処理した廃電池を炉に入れて熔融すると、アルミニウム、リチウム、鉄、更にマンガンを含有する組成のバッテリーを処理したときはマンガン、がスラグの主成分となる。
S20 乾式工程
ST21 熔融工程
ST22 スラグ分離工程
ST23 合金分離工程
ST24 排ガス処理
ST25 脱リン工程
ST26 合金ショット化工程
S30 湿式工程
ST31 溶解工程
ST32 元素分離工程
Claims (5)
- アルミニウムと鉄を含む廃電池からの有価金属回収方法であって、
前記廃電池を熔融して熔融物を得る熔融工程と、
前記熔融物からスラグを分離するスラグ分離工程と、
前記熔融物から有価金属の合金を分離する合金分離工程とを備え、
前記熔融工程においてフラックスとして二酸化珪素及び酸化カルシウムを添加し、
前記スラグ中の酸化アルミニウムの含量が5質量%以上20質量%未満であり、かつ、金属鉄換算の鉄含量が20質量%以上40質量%以下であり、
前記熔融工程を1400℃以下で行う有価金属回収方法。 - 前記熔融工程において、前記溶融物に鉄を外添することにより、前記スラグ中の前記鉄含量を20質量%以上40質量%以下とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記スラグにおける、二酸化珪素/酸化カルシウムの質量比が0.5以上2以下の範囲である請求項1又は2記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記熔融工程を電気炉で行う請求項1から3いずれか記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記廃電池がリチウムイオン電池である請求項1から4いずれか記載の有価金属回収方法。
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CN201280017952.3A CN103459623B (zh) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-02-15 | 有价金属的回收方法 |
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JP5360118B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
US9203126B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
EP2687613A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
KR20130116950A (ko) | 2013-10-24 |
US20140345422A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
EP2687613A4 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
CN103459623B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
KR101384313B1 (ko) | 2014-04-11 |
CN103459623A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
EP2687613B1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
US20140060250A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
JP2012224876A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
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