WO2012140296A1 - Anticuerpo, kit y metodo para la determinacion de peptidos amiloides - Google Patents
Anticuerpo, kit y metodo para la determinacion de peptidos amiloides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012140296A1 WO2012140296A1 PCT/ES2012/070231 ES2012070231W WO2012140296A1 WO 2012140296 A1 WO2012140296 A1 WO 2012140296A1 ES 2012070231 W ES2012070231 W ES 2012070231W WO 2012140296 A1 WO2012140296 A1 WO 2012140296A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/56—Staging of a disease; Further complications associated with the disease
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of immunoassays that allow the detection of ⁇ 17 peptides by virtue of the use of an anti-Api7 antibody and a kit and a method using said antibody.
- the invention also relates to a method for diagnosing or distinguishing between different phases of a neurodegenerative disease. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive and increasing memory loss, followed by loss of limb control and bodily functions and final death. It is by far the most common cause of dementia that affects 1 to 6% of people over 65 years of age and between 10 and 20% of those over 80.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- the plaques have central nuclei of amyloid deposits formed primarily by fibrils of a 40-42 amino acid peptide called ⁇ -amyloid peptide ( ⁇ ) surrounded by degenerated axons and glia cells. This peptide results from the proteolytic processing of a precursor protein called ⁇ -amyloid ( ⁇ ) precursor protein.
- NINCDS National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke
- ADRDA Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders
- Definitive Alzheimer's disease The patient meets the criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease and has histopathological evidence of AD by autopsy or biopsy.
- Probable or prodromal Alzheimer's disease Dementia has been established by clinical and neuropsychological examination. Cognitive deficiencies also have to be progressive and be present in two or more areas of knowledge. The onset of deficiencies has been between the ages of 40 and 90 years and finally there must be an absence of other diseases capable of producing a dementia syndrome.
- Alzheimer's disease There is a dementia syndrome with an atypical onset, presentation or evolution, and without a known etiology; but it is not believed that comorbid diseases capable of producing dementia are at the origin of it.
- the patient has a dementia syndrome with a sudden onset, focal neurological signs or seizures or early gait disorder in the course of the disease.
- Mild cognitive impairment also known as incipient dementia or isolated memory impairment
- MCI Mild cognitive impairment
- incipient dementia is a diagnosis given to individuals who have cognitive impairments beyond what is expected for their age and education, but that does not significantly interfere with their daily activities (Petersen RC et al. (1999) Arch. Neurol. 56 (3): 303-8). It is considered to be the limit or transitional phase between normal aging and dementia.
- DCL can occur with a variety of symptoms, when memory loss is the predominant symptom it is called “amnesic DCL” and is often seen as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (Grundman M et al. (2004 ) Arch. Neurol. 61 (1): 59-66).
- amyloid plaques are a defining characteristic of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease, and ⁇ can be detected in plasma, its measurement is a compelling candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- diagnosis of AD is carried out using clinical criteria based on the presence of typical clinical signs and the exclusion of other types of dementia using neuroimaging techniques and blood tests.
- the diagnostic reliability is acceptable although, according to studies done using brain autopsy, between 10-20% of patients diagnosed with AD suffered from a different disease.
- current diagnostic methods can only be carried out when the neurodegenerative process is so advanced that the patient suffers from severe dementia and brain damage is so extensive that the number of therapeutic measures is limited.
- the definitive diagnosis requires pathological examination of post-mortem brain tissue.
- WO200646644 describes an electrochemiluminescent sandwich (ECL) assay in which Acm 21F12 (which recognizes amino acids 33-42 of ⁇ 42) is coupled to magnetic balls, which are then used to capture the ⁇ 42 peptide in the sample containing ⁇ 42 and they also contact the Acm 3D6 coupled to a ruthenium complex. The amount of 3D6 antibody bound by the luminescence emitted by the ruthenium complex is then detected when electrical energy is applied. Using this assay, the inventors are able to detect as little as 0.5 pg / ml of a ⁇ 42 standard.
- ECL electrochemiluminescent sandwich
- WO2009015696 describes a high sensitivity sandwich ELISA assay in which the detection antibody is contacted with a biotin-labeled reagent that shows specificity for said antibody. The reagent contacts streptavidin that is coupled to peroxidase. The peroxidase activity is then detected by colorimetry using TMB or fluorescently using QuantaBlue.
- WO2006053251 describes a method for the determination of beta amyloid peptide species in a sample comprising contacting a sample with a denaturing agent, extracting the set of peptides from the sample-denaturing agent mixture, separating the beta amyloid peptide species. from the set and determine the amount of amyloid beta peptide species. This method requires a step of separation of the peptides before the determination, which produces an increased processing time and increased costs.
- Biomarkers suitable for AD described in the prior art and which can be detected in plasma include (i) amyloid plaque derived markers, (ii) autoantibodies against ⁇ or ⁇ , (iii) inflammatory markers such as IL-6, their receptor or gpl30, C-reactive protein or oxidative stress (isoprostanes), (iv) markers of lipid metabolism (apoE, oxysterols) and (v) markers of vascular disease (homocysteine, lipoprotein b Clq) (Scheuner D et al. (1996 ) Nature Med 2, 864-870).
- the anti-AP monoclonal antibody (1-17) (6E10) is an antibody directed towards the N-terminal region of the ⁇ peptide, generated against the ⁇ (1-17) peptide (Kim KS, et al. Neurosci. Res. Comm. 7; 1988) and which recognizes the ⁇ peptides that include said region or the monoclonal antibody generated against the ⁇ peptide (1-28) (Pierce).
- the invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to the ⁇ peptide (1-17).
- the invention relates to a kit for the detection of the ⁇ peptide (1-17), comprising:
- the invention relates to a method for determining or detecting the ⁇ peptide (1-17) in a sample comprising the steps of
- step (ii) contacting the immune complexes formed in step (i) with a second antibody, wherein said second antibody is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 and wherein said second antibody recognizes a different region than the first antibody and is coupled to a first member of a binding pair;
- step (iii) contacting the complexes formed in step (ii) with a second member of a binding pair that is coupled to a detectable label, and (iv) detecting or determining the activity or amount of the detectable label.
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring a neurodegenerative disease in a subject, comprising:
- the invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group consisting of:
- the invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject suffers from MCI with prodromal Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more of the parameters selected from the group of:
- the invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject suffers from MCI with prodromal Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- Figure 1 Result of a stain transfer test carried out using the polyclonal anti-A ⁇ antibody (1-17) and different ⁇ peptides adsorbed to a membrane.
- the secondary antibody used in the assay was a goat anti-rabbit-HRP antibody.
- the blot transfer was revealed with ECL with SNAP technology at 1 minute and 3 minutes of exposure.
- Figure 2 shows the mass spectrometry analysis for a CSF sample (2A) and a plasma sample (2B), where the ⁇ 17 peak is indicated by an arrow.
- Figure 3 shows the mean values of some of the markers in different patient groups.
- LP libre ⁇ free in plasma
- TP total ⁇ in plasma
- UC unido ⁇ bound to cells
- CES whole in blood (total ⁇ in plasma + ⁇ bound to cells).
- TO Concentration in pg / ml of the ⁇ markers obtained in a sandwich ELISA for the different groups: CS> 65 (healthy subjects over 65), possible DCL (subjects with mild cognitive impairment with possible or non-prodromal AD), probable DCL ( subjects with mild cognitive impairment with probable or prodromal AD) and mild AD (subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease).
- B and (C): graphs that represent the absorbance obtained in ELISA for several markers in the different groups.
- Figure 4 shows the mean values of some of the markers in different patient groups.
- LP libre ⁇ free in plasma
- TP total ⁇ in plasma
- UC unido ⁇ bound to cells
- CES whole in blood (total ⁇ in plasma + ⁇ bound to cells).
- A Concentration ratios (in pg / ml) of the ⁇ markers obtained in a sandwich ELISA for the different groups: CS> 65 (healthy subject over 65), possible DCL (possible mild cognitive impairment or non-prodromal) , Probable DCL (probable or prodromal mild cognitive impairment) and mild AD (mild Alzheimer's disease).
- B Graphs representing the absorbance obtained in ELISA for various markers in the different groups.
- Figure 5 shows the mean values of some of the markers in different patient groups.
- LP libre ⁇ free in plasma
- TP total ⁇ in plasma
- UC unido ⁇ bound to cells
- CES whole in blood (total ⁇ in plasma + ⁇ bound to cells).
- A Quotients of the concentrations in pg / ml of the ⁇ markers obtained in a sandwich ELISA for the different groups: CS> 65 (healthy subject over 65), possible DCL (possible mild cognitive impairment or non-prodromal), DCL probable (probable or prodromal mild cognitive impairment) and mild AD (mild Alzheimer's disease).
- B Graph representing the absorbance obtained in ELISA for several markers in the different groups.
- Figure 6 shows the ratio between free ⁇ 17 in plasma (LP) and ⁇ 17 bound to cells (UC) for the distinction between different groups.
- A concentration in pg / ml of the ⁇ markers obtained in a sandwich ELISA for the different groups: CS> 65 (healthy subject over 65), possible DCL (possible mild cognitive impairment or non-prodromal), probable DCL (deterioration mild cognitive likely or prodromal) and mild AD (mild Alzheimer's disease).
- B Graph representing the absorbance obtained in ELISA for said marker in the different groups.
- Figure 1 shows that the antibody recognizes ⁇ 17 in a specific manner without showing substantial cross-reactivity towards other ⁇ species such as ⁇ 15, ⁇ 16, ⁇ 38, ⁇ 40 or ⁇ 42. They have also designed a kit for the detection of the ⁇ 17 peptide which allows a reliable quantification of said molecular species in any sample in any subject and, in particular, in the plasma of subjects suspected of suffering from AD. Likewise, the authors have shown that it is possible to distinguish between different groups of subjects: healthy subjects, with prodromal AD, with mild non-prodromal cognitive impairment and with mild AD measuring the level of different parameters.
- the invention relates to an antibody, hereinafter the antibody of the invention, which specifically binds to the ⁇ peptide (1-17) (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the term "specifically binds”, as used herein, refers to an antibody that binds to the ⁇ 17 peptide without giving any substantial cross-reaction with other ⁇ peptides.
- the specificity for the ⁇ 17 peptide is greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 80% or greater than 90%. More preferably, the specificity of the antibody for the ⁇ 17 peptide is greater than 95%.
- the inventors have tested the specificity of the anti-A ⁇ l7 antibody and have shown that it is very specific for the ⁇ 17 peptide and does not show any substantial cross-reactivity towards other ( ⁇ ( ⁇ 15, ⁇ 16, peptides) ⁇ 38, ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42).
- the antibody of the invention does not show substantial cross-reactivity towards a ⁇ peptide selected from the group consisting of ⁇ 15, ⁇ 16, ⁇ 38, ⁇ 40, ⁇ 42 and a combination of one or more of them.
- suitable antibody molecules include: - "intact" antibodies comprising a variable region of antigen binding as well as a constant domain the light chain (CL) and constant domains of the heavy chain, CHl, CH2 and CH3,
- Fab fragments containing the constant domain of the light chain and the first constant domain (CHl) of the heavy chain and having an antigen binding site only.
- Fab 'fragments are differentiated from Fab fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy end of the CHl domain of the heavy chain including one or more cisterns from the hinge region of the antibody,
- Fv is the minimum antibody fragment that contains a complete antigen recognition and antigen binding site.
- This region consists of a dimer of a variable domain of the heavy chain and one of the light chain in close association, not covalent. It is in this configuration that the three hypervariable regions (CDR) of each variable domain interact to define an antigen binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer.
- CDR hypervariable regions
- - FV single chain or "scFv” antibody fragments comprise the VL and VH domains of the antibody, where these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
- the VL and VH regions are joined by a polypeptide linker that allows the "scFv” to form desired structures for antigen binding.
- “Diabodies” comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH) linked to a light chain variable domain (VL) in the same chain polypeptide (VH-VL) joined by a peptide linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains in the same chain. This forces pairing with the complementary domains of another chain and encourages the assembly of a dimeric molecule with two functional antigen binding sites.
- Bospecific antibodies are individual, divalent antibodies (or immunotherapeutically effective fragments thereof) that have two differently specific antigen binding sites.
- the two antigen sites may be coupled chemically or by genetic engineering methods known in the art.
- All of these antibody fragments can be further modified using conventional techniques known in the art, for example, using deletion (s), insertion (s), addition (s) of amino acids and / or recombination (and / or any other modification (s) (for example, posttranslational and chemical modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation) known in the art, alone or in combination.
- deletion (s), insertion (s), addition (s) of amino acids and / or recombination (and / or any other modification (s) for example, posttranslational and chemical modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation
- Methods for introducing such modifications into the DNA sequence underlying the amino acid sequence of a immunoglobulin chain are well known to skilled in the art, see for example Sambrook et al .; Molecular Clonning: a Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2nd edition 1989 and 3rd edition 2001.
- Suitable antibodies for the present invention include both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
- various hosts can be immunized including goats, rabbits, rats, mice, sheep, dogs, camels, dromedaries, llamas, humans, birds and others by injection with the peptide corresponding to the ⁇ 17 fragment that has properties immunogenic
- various adjuvants can be used to increase the immune response.
- adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, surfactants such as lisolecithin, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, KLH and dinitrophenol.
- the adjuvants used in humans are Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant and Imjet alum.
- Useful proteins for conjugation with the peptide are, without limitation, California limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Blue Carrier (hemocyanin isolated from Concholepas concholepas), bovine thyroglobulin or soy trypsin inhibitor, using a bifunctional or derivative agent, for example , maleimidobenzoyl ester and sulfosuccinimide (conjugation through cysteine residues), N-hydroxysuccinimide (through lysine residues), glute aldehyde, succinic anhydride or SOCl 2 .
- KLH California limpet hemocyanin
- Blue Carrier hemocyanin isolated from Concholepas concholepas
- bovine thyroglobulin or soy trypsin inhibitor using a bifunctional or derivative agent, for example , maleimidobenzoyl ester and sulfosuccinimide (conjugation through cysteine residues), N-hydroxysuccinimide
- the protein used for conjugation is KLH.
- the conjugation between the peptide and KLH is carried out by means of the NHS-PEG 4 -maleimide crosslinker and the peptides have a cysteine in the N-terminal to perform the conjugation of the peptide to KLH.
- monoclonal antibodies For the production of monoclonal antibodies, conventional techniques can be used. For example, monoclonal antibodies can be made using the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256: 495 (1975) using the procedure described in detail in units 11.4 to 11.11 of Ausubel, FM et al. . (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons Inc .; ring bound edition, 2003). Alternatively, monoclonal antibodies can be isolated by recombinant DNA methods from phage antibody libraries generated using the techniques described in McCafferty et al., Nature 348: 552-554 (1990).
- polyclonal antibodies can be used directly as an antiserum obtained from hosts immunized after bleeding and removal of the fibrin clot.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be used directly as a hybridoma culture supernatant or as ascites fluid after hybridoma implantation in the peritoneal cavity of a suitable host.
- the polyclonal or monoclonal immunoglobulin molecules can be purified before use by conventional methods such as affinity purification using ⁇ 17 derived peptides, non-denaturing gel purification, HPLC or RP-HPLC, molecular exclusion, column purification of protein A, or any combination of these techniques.
- the antibody of the invention is a polyclonal antibody.
- the method for generating the antibody of the invention includes the following steps:
- I at dose Immunization of a rabbit with 100 ⁇ g of the peptide using Freund's complete adjuvant as an adjuvant.
- 2nd dose Immunization of rabbit with 100 .mu.g of the peptide using Freund 's incomplete adjuvant adjuvant.
- the region of the ⁇ peptide or immunogen used to generate the antibody of the invention is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ peptide (12-17), corresponding to the sequence VHHQKL (SEQ ID NO: 2) and of the ⁇ peptide (11-17), corresponding to the sequence EVHHQKL (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- kit of the invention relates to a kit for the detection or for the determination of the ⁇ peptide (1-17), hereinafter kit of the invention, comprising:
- beta amyloid peptide is used interchangeably herein with ⁇ , beta amyloid protein, "A beta”, “beta AP”, “beta A peptide”, or “beta A peptide” and refers to a family of peptides that are the main chemical constituent of senile plaques and vascular amyloid deposits (amyloid angiopathy) found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down syndrome and hereditary brain hemorrhage with Dutch amyloidosis (HCHWA) -D).
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- HSHWA hereditary brain hemorrhage with Dutch amyloidosis
- the beta amyloid peptide is a fragment of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) comprising a variable number of amino acids that is produced by sequential proteolytic cutting of the amyloid precursor protein by the ⁇ and ⁇ secretases or for ⁇ and a secretases.
- APP beta-amyloid precursor protein
- Beta amyloid peptides are commonly expressed as wherein x represents the amino acid number of the amino terminus of the beta amyloid peptide and y represents the amino acid number of the carboxy terminus.
- ⁇ (1-17) or “ ⁇ 17”, as used herein, refers to a 17 amino acid peptide corresponding to amino acids 672 to 688 (SEQ ID NO: 1) of the amyloid precursor protein and which is produced by the sequential proteolytic cut of the amyloid precursor protein (SEQ ID NO: 4) by ⁇ and a secretases.
- the "capture antibody” is the antibody that is used to recover from a sample all molecular species to which the antibody specifically binds.
- the type of antibody that can be used as a capture antibody there is virtually no limitation on the type of antibody that can be used as a capture antibody as long as it contains at least one antigen binding site specific for ⁇ 17.
- any antibody specific for the ⁇ 17 peptide can be used as a capture antibody.
- the capture antibody binds to a different region than the second antibody.
- the capture antibody is directed against an epitope in the N-terminal region of the ⁇ 17 peptide.
- epitopes to which the capture antibody can be directed include epitopes located at amino acids 1 to 10 of ⁇ 17.
- the capture antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- the capture antibody recognizes a region. corresponding to amino acids 1-16 of the ⁇ peptide.
- the monoclonal antibody used as a capture antibody is Acm 6E10 as described in Kim, KS (Neuroscience Res. Comm. 1988, 2: 121-130).
- the second component of the kit of the invention corresponds to the antibody of the invention, already described previously in the present invention.
- the "detection antibody” is the antibody that will be used to detect the amount of antigen that the capture antibody has retained.
- the first antibody recognizes a different region than the second antibody, because it must bind to a region of the antigen that is not covered by the capture antibody.
- the first and second antibodies can be used interchangeably in the kit of the invention as capture and detection antibodies.
- One of the two antibodies may be coupled to a first member of a binding pair, so as to allow detection of the antibody that binds to the antigen captured by the capture antibody.
- the antibody to be coupled will act as a detection antibody and may be the first or second antibody.
- the kit further comprises an antibody or combination of antibodies that specifically bind ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42.
- the kit would be useful for the detection of the ⁇ 17 peptide and the ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42 peptide (s).
- 42 ⁇ 42 refers to a 42 amino acid peptide that corresponds to amino acids 672 to 713 (SEQ ID NO: 5) and is produced by sequential proteolytic cutting of the amyloid precursor protein (SEQ ID NO : 4) by ⁇ and ⁇ secretases.
- 40 ⁇ 40 refers to a 40 amino acid peptide corresponding to amino acids 672 to 711 (SEQ ID NO: 6) and which is produced by sequential proteolytic cutting of the amyloid precursor protein (SEQ ID NO : 7) by ⁇ and ⁇ secretases.
- the first or second antibody is coupled to a first member of a binding pair. If this is the case, a second member of a coupling pair coupled to is also included in the kit A detectable tag.
- the detectable label that is coupled to the second member of the binding pair is an enzymatic label, then the kit further comprises a substrate that can convert said enzyme into a detectable product.
- Suitable first and second members of binding pairs include, without limitation:
- ⁇ hapten or antigen / antibody for example, digoxin and anti-digoxin antibodies
- biotin or biotin analogues for example, aminobiotin, iminobiotin or destiobiotin
- avidin or streptavidin for example, aminobiotin, iminobiotin or destiobiotin
- nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog / complementary nucleic acid ⁇ nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog / complementary nucleic acid
- ⁇ receptor / ligand for example, steroid hormone / steroid hormone receptor
- first and second member of a union pair is relative and that each of the previous members can be seen as the first or second member of the union pair.
- first member of a binding pair is biotin or a functionally equivalent variant thereof and the second member of the binding pair is avidin, streptavidin or a functionally equivalent variant thereof.
- the second member of the binding pair is streptavidin.
- Suitable detectable labels include, without limitation, fluorescent groups (e.g., fluorescein, rhodamine, phycoerythrin, coumarin, oxazine, resorufin, cyanine and derivatives thereof), luminescent groups (e.g., the Qdot TM nanoparticles supplied by Quantum Dot Corporation , Palo Alto, CA). If the detectable label is an enzyme, then this enzyme must be able to generate a detectable signal, for example, after the addition of an activator, substrate, agent amplifier and similar. Enzymes that are suitable as detectable labels for the present invention and their corresponding substrates include:
- Chromogenic substrates substrates based on p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate / tetrazolium nitro blue (BCIP / NBT), Fast-Red / Naphthol-AS phosphate -TS
- o Fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP), 2- (5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl) -6-chloro-4- (3H) -quinazolinone (CPPCQ), 3.6- diphosphate fluorescein (3,6-FDP), diazonic salts of Fast Blue BB, Fast Red TR, or Fast Red Violet LB.
- ABTS 2,2-azinobis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- OPT o-phenylenediamine
- TMB 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
- DMAB 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid
- MBTH 3-methyl-2- benzothiazolinehydrazone
- AEC 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole
- DAB diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride
- o Fluorogenic substrates 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid, reduced phenoxazines and reduced benzothiazines, including the Amplex® Red reagent, Amplex UltraRed and reduced dihydroxanthenes.
- o Chromogenic substrates o-nitrophenyl-P-D-galactoside (o-NPG), p-nitrophenyl-P-D-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliphenyl-P-D-galactoside (MUG) for ⁇ -D-galactosidase.
- Fluorogenic substrates ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside resorufin, fluorescein digalactoside (FDG), fluorescein diglucuronide, 4- methylumbelliphenyl-P-D-galactopyranoside, carboxybimbiferiferyl-P-D-galactopyranoside and ⁇ -D-fluoroside.
- Luminescent substrates luciferin.
- the detectable label is a fluorescent molecule, a luminescent molecule or an enzyme.
- the detectable label is horseradish peroxidase and the detection reagent is TMB.
- the kit further comprises a solid support.
- support or “surface” refers to a solid phase that is a water-insoluble porous or non-porous material that can have any of a number of shapes, such as a strip, rod, particles, including latex particles, magnetic particles, microparticles, balls, membranes, microtiter wells and plastic tubes.
- any material is suitable as a solid support as long as it is capable of binding sufficient amounts of capture antibody.
- the choice of the solid phase material is determined based on the performance characteristics of the desired assay format.
- Suitable materials for the solid support include polymeric materials, particularly cellulose materials and cellulose derived materials, such as fiber-containing papers, for example, filter paper, chromatographic paper, fiberglass paper, etc .; Modified synthetic or natural polymers, such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylamide, crosslinked dextran, agarose, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (4-methylbutene), polystyrene, polymethacrylate, poly (ethylene terephthalate ), nylon, poly (vinyl butyrate), etc .; used by themselves or together with other materials; glass such as, for example, glass available as bioglass, ceramics, metals, and the like.
- Non-crosslinked polymers of styrene and carboxylated styrene or styrene functionalized with other active groups such as amino, hydroxyl, halo and the like are preferred.
- copolymers of dienes substituted with dienes such as butadiene will be used.
- the antibody that is not coupled to the first member of a binding pair is attached to the solid support, which may be the first or second antibody.
- the solid support and the first or second antibody can be provided separately in the kit or, alternatively, the support can already be distributed precoated with the antibody. In this case, the support may have been treated with a blocking solution after antibody binding. If the support is precoated, it is preferred that the support is treated with a concentrated solution of trehalose and allowed to dry, in which case the dried trehalose forms a halo in the support.
- These supports containing dry trehalose are exceptionally stable and can be stored for up to two years if kept at 4 ° C in the dark.
- Additional kit components may include:
- Means for maintaining the peptides in an unfolded state eg, concentrated guanidino hydrochloride.
- the immobilization of the antibody on the solid support can be carried out before the binding of the target polypeptide to be detected or once the peptide / protein binds to the antibody. In any case, if a solid support is used, it is convenient to block excess protein binding sites in the support before adding the sample containing the target polypeptide to be determined.
- blocking or termination of peptide binding sites in the support is carried out using the same buffer that is used to wash the complexes after each binding reaction (eg, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, PBS or TBS optionally with Tween 20) supplemented with a macromolecular compound (eg, bovine serum albumin, skimmed milk powder, immunoblotting reagent, casein, albumin lacto, ovalbumin) at concentrations from about 0.05% to 10%, preferably from 1% to 5%, more preferably about 3%.
- a macromolecular compound eg, bovine serum albumin, skimmed milk powder, immunoblotting reagent, casein, albumin lacto, ovalbumin
- the support comprising the immobilized capture antibody should be stored for some time, it is preferred that the support be treated with a Concentrated trehalose solution and allowed to dry, in which case the dried trehalose forms a halo in the support.
- These supports containing dry trehalose are exceptionally stable and can be stored for up to two years when kept at 4 ° C in the dark.
- the kit of the invention allows the detection or determination with high sensitivity and specificity of the peptide or peptides that are specifically recognized by the first and second antibody components of the kit.
- the invention relates to the use of a kit of the invention to detect the ⁇ 17 peptide in a sample.
- the kit is used to optionally detect the ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42 peptides and the combination thereof in a sample.
- kits of the invention In view of the ability of the kit of the invention to provide a determination with high sensitivity and specificity of the ⁇ 17 peptide in any sample, it can be used for the diagnosis of any disease where there is an altered concentration of any of this peptide in any cellular liquid or tissue, in particular, degenerative diseases and, more particularly, neurodegenerative diseases.
- degenerative diseases Non-limiting examples of degenerative diseases that can be diagnosed based on the appearance of altered levels of ⁇ 17 or altered levels of ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42 include:
- Degenerative bone disorders such as osteopenia, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteomyeloma, osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, bone sclerosis, aplastic bone disorder, humoral hypercalcemic myeloma, multiple myeloma and bone thinning after metastasis.
- degenerative muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy, muscular atrophy, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, progressive muscular atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia.
- Degenerative diseases of the heart including cardiac cell death due to ischemia, tissue and organ death due to transplant rejection, hearing loss due to autotoxicity.
- degenerative disorders of the retina such as retinitis pigmentosa,
- degenerative diseases of the nervous system such as Alexander's disease, Alper's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, telangiectasia ataxia, Batten's disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Canavan's disease, Cockayne's syndrome, corticobasal degeneration, disease of Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Huntington's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Kennedy's disease, Krabbe's disease, dementia with Lewy body, Machado-Joseph's disease (spinocerebelar ataxia type 3), multiple sclerosis, multiple systemic atrophy, neuroborreliosis, disease of Parkinson's, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Pick's disease, primary lateral sclerosis, prion diseases, Refsum disease, Sandhoff's disease, Schilder's disease, schizophrenia, Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease (also known as Bat
- the kit of the invention allows to carry out a method to determine or detect the ⁇ 17 peptide in a sample.
- the invention relates to a method for determining or detecting the ⁇ (1-17) peptide in a sample, hereinafter method for the detection of the invention, comprising the steps of:
- step (ii) contacting the immune complexes formed in step (i) with a second antibody, wherein said second antibody is as defined in any of claims 1 to 4 and wherein said second antibody recognizes a different region than the first antibody and is coupled to a first member of a binding pair;
- step (iii) contacting the complexes formed in step (ii) with a second member of a binding pair that is coupled to a detectable label, and (iv) detect or determine the activity or amount of the detectable label.
- sample includes any tissue culture, plasma, serum, saliva, semen, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tears, mucus, sweat, milk, brain or peripheral tissue extracts and the like
- the sample is selected from the group of blood, serum, plasma and CSF.
- the sample is a plasma sample.
- the peptides that are detected correspond to non-oligomeric forms of said peptide, more preferably, monomeric forms of Api7.
- the sample containing the ⁇ 17 peptide is contacted with a first antibody to form first immune complex.
- the first antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- the monoclonal antibody is the 6E10 antibody.
- wash buffers that can be used in the context of the present invention include any buffer with a pH close to physiological (e.g., 50 mM Tris-HCl) that optionally comprises salts (e.g., 150 mM NaCl) and that optionally it comprises low concentrations of a detergent (for example, 0.05% Tween-20).
- a pH close to physiological e.g., 50 mM Tris-HCl
- salts e.g., 150 mM NaCl
- a detergent for example, 0.05% Tween-20
- the complexes formed between the capture antibody and the ⁇ peptide in the sample are contacted with the second antibody so that a "sandwich type" immune complex is formed.
- the first antibody and the second antibody will bind to different regions of the ⁇ 17 peptide, so that there is no interference between them.
- the first and second step of the present method can be exchanged and the capture of the ⁇ 17 peptide can be performed by the second antibody (the antibody of the invention).
- the complex is then contacted with the first antibody, which will bind in a different region like the second antibody.
- One of the two antibodies will be coupled to a first member of a binding pair, which will correspond to the antibody that is not used in the capture step.
- the immune complexes can be washed to remove the nonspecifically bound antibodies using essentially the same buffers and procedures as described above.
- the method of the invention involves contacting the complexes formed between the capuro-antigen antibody and the detection antibody coupled with a first member of a binding pair with a second member of a binding pair that It is attached to a detectable label.
- the first member of a binding pair is biotin and the second member of a binding pair is avidin, streptavidin or a functionally equivalent variant thereof.
- the method involves detecting the detectable label.
- the detection and / or quantification of the detectable label depends on the nature of the label and are methods known in the art.
- the detection can be by visual observation in a UV transilluminator, or by using camera detection system with a UV interconnected load device (CCD), a gel scanner laser, a camera detection system with CCD with xenon arc, a Polaroid camera combined with a UV transilluminator as well as a variety of other devices used for the detection of luminescence.
- CCD UV interconnected load device
- the fourth step of the method according to the invention involves exposing the labeled labeled immunocomplexes (eg, the captured peptide, the detection antibody and the reagent labeled with the detectable label) to activators, substrates or amplifying agents of the enzyme used as a detectable label.
- labeled labeled immunocomplexes eg, the captured peptide, the detection antibody and the reagent labeled with the detectable label
- Well-known detectable tags capable of generating a detectable signal include enzyme labeled antibodies. Examples of well-known enzymes for this purpose include radish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glycosidases, including ⁇ -galactosidase, ⁇ -glucosidase and ⁇ -glucuronidase.
- a reagent that specifically binds to the antibody of Detection may be labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
- detection can be performed using any of a wide range of known substrates for the enzyme used as a detectable label.
- the detectable label is a fluorescent molecule, a luminescent molecule or an enzyme.
- the detection method of the invention further comprises the detection of ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42 peptides.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for monitoring a neurodegenerative disease in a subject, hereinafter the method of monitoring the invention, which comprises determining in a sample at a first time point the level of the free un ⁇ 17 peptide in plasma and the level of the ⁇ 17 peptide bound to cells in a sample of said subject and compare the levels with said levels at a second time point; wherein if the ratio of free ⁇ 17 peptide in plasma and ⁇ 17 peptide bound to cells increases at the second time point with respect to the first time point, it is indicative of worsening of Alzheimer's disease in the subject.
- neurodegenerative disease refers to a condition or disorder in which neuronal cells are lost due to cell death, which causes a deterioration of cognitive functions or causes damage, dysfunction or complications. which can be characterized by neurological, neurodegenerative, physiological, psychological or behavioral anomalies.
- Suitable neurodegenerative diseases that can be diagnosed with the methods of the invention include, without limitation, senile macular degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral angiopathy with amyloidosis, vascular dementia, radiotherapy-induced dementia, axon injury, depression Acute propagated cortical, alpha-synucleinopathies, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, permanent focal cerebral ischemia, peripheral nerve regeneration, model after epilepsy status, spinal cord injury, sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.
- the neurodegenerative disease that is followed according to the method of the invention is Alzheimer's disease or prodromal forms thereof including mild cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment with probable Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment with disease of Alzheimer's possible.
- the method of monitoring the invention is useful for the evaluation of the evolution of Alzheimer's disease in a subject.
- the authors of the invention have shown that an increase in the ratio of the level of free ⁇ 17 peptide in plasma / level of ⁇ 17 peptide bound to cells is indicative of a worsening of AD.
- the method for monitoring the invention comprises the following steps:
- the chosen time points must be determined by the person skilled in the art, according to the subject.
- the term "worsening of Alzheimer's disease”, as used herein, means that the disease evolves at a later stage with respect to the first measured time point phase.
- the person skilled in the art will recognize and confirm if the evolution of the disease is worse by also analyzing other indicative characteristics.
- the characteristics or indications that appear at a later stage, and that are indicative of a disease progression are, without limitation, the appearance of Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillar clews and faster deterioration in cognitive functions.
- the ratio of plasma free libre ⁇ 17 peptide level / unido ⁇ 17 peptide level bound to cells increases at the second time point with respect to the first time point, it is indicative of higher rates of cognitive impairment of the subject.
- the higher level of free ⁇ 17 peptide in plasma is therefore indicative of greater cognitive impairment.
- the concentration of beta amyloid peptide can be determined using one or more techniques of immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, adsorption enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance, precipitin reaction, gel diffusion immunodiffusion assay, radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescence activated cell separation (FACS), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectroscopy (MS), laser-assisted-time-ionization laser desorption / ionization (MALDI-TOF), desorption / surface-time laser-enhanced ionization (SELDI-TOF), high resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC), fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC) followed by mass spectrometry in tandem (MS / MS), thin layer chromatography, expression analysis with protein chips and laser densitometry.
- ELISA adsorption enzyme immunoassay
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- ⁇ 17 LP plasma free 17 ⁇ 17 peptide
- ⁇ 17 LP refers to the level of beta amyloid peptides that are not associated with any component of the biological sample and that are readily available for binding to a specific antibody. This peptide can be determined by conventional immunological techniques by contacting the biological sample with an antibody specific for said peptide. In a preferred embodiment, the level of free amyloid peptide is determined in plasma.
- ⁇ 17 UC unido ⁇ 17 cell-bound peptide level
- ⁇ 17 UC refers to beta amyloid peptides that are non-covalently associated with the surface of the present cells.
- the beta amyloid peptide is associated with red blood cells, white blood cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, and platelets.
- the amount of beta amyloid peptide associated with cells in a given sample can be determined and this value can be used alone or in combination with other parameters related to beta amyloid peptides in the methods of the invention.
- it is first required to isolate the cell fraction from the biological sample. This can be done using any technique known to the expert such as centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration and the like. Once the cell fraction has been isolated from a biological sample, the cells are contacted with a protein solubilizing agent.
- the amount of beta amyloid peptide associated with cells in a given sample can be determined and this value can be used alone or in combination with other parameters related to beta amyloid peptides in the methods of the invention.
- it is first required to isolate the cell fraction from the biological sample. This can be done using any technique known to the expert such as centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration and the like. Once the cell fraction has been isolated from a biological sample, the cells are contacted with a protein solubilizing agent.
- the subject's sample is selected from the group of blood, serum, plasma and CSF.
- the sample is a plasma sample.
- the authors of the present invention have identified that the levels of certain populations of beta amyloid peptides, determined directly or by applying certain calculations between them, can be used to determine if a patient suffers from disease.
- mild Alzheimer's disease to determine whether a subject suffers from prodromal Alzheimer's disease, to distinguish a subject suffering from mild non-prodromal cognitive impairment from a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease, to distinguish a subject suffering from mild non-prodromal cognitive impairment from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease or to distinguish a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease.
- the invention relates to a method for determining if a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group consisting of:
- the parameters to be measured for the distinction of a healthy subject from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease are the following:
- a method to determine if a subject suffers from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more of the parameters selected from the group of:
- the quotient value between two parameters wherein the first parameter corresponds to the added values of the total ⁇ 17 peptide level in a plasma sample of said subject and the ⁇ 17 peptide level bound to cells in a blood sample and the second parameter corresponds to the added value of the total ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42 peptides in a plasma sample and the levels of ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42 peptides bound to cells in a blood sample; wherein if the value of one or more of the parameters (a), (b) or (c) increases and / or the value of one or more of the parameters (d), (e), (f) or (g ) decreases with respect to the value in a reference sample of a healthy subject, the subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease.
- the parameters to be measured for the distinction of a healthy subject from a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease are the following:
- the invention relates to a method for distinguishing a subject suffering from DCL with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease comprising determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the parameters to be measured that allow the distinction between a subject suffering from DCL with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease and a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease are the following:
- the invention relates to a method for distinguishing a subject suffering from DCL with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the parameters to be measured for the distinction of a subject suffering from MCI with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease of a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease are the following:
- the invention relates to a method for distinguishing a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the parameters to be measured for the distinction between a subject suffering from MCI with prodromal Alzheimer's disease and a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease are the following:
- diagnosis includes the assessment of the susceptibility of a subject to a disease, the determination of whether a subject currently has the disease and also the prognosis of a subject affected by the disease. As those skilled in the art will understand, such an evaluation may not be correct for 100% of the subjects to be diagnosed, although it is preferably correct. However, the term requires that a statistically significant part of the subjects can be identified as suffering from the disease or having a predisposition to it. If a part is statistically significant, it can be determined easily by the person skilled in the art using several well-known statistical evaluation tools, for example, the determination of confidence intervals, the determination of p values, the Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, etc.
- Preferred confidence intervals are at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80 %, at least 90%, at least 95%. P values are preferably 0.2, 0.1 or 0.05.
- the term "subject” refers to all animals classified as mammals and includes but is not limited to farm and domestic animals, primates and humans, for example humans, nonhuman primates, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, cats or rodents. Preferably, the subject is a human being male or female of any age or race.
- the term "Alzheimer's disease” (or “senile dementia”) refers to a mental impairment associated with specific degenerative brain disease characterized by senile plaques, neuritic tangles and progressive neuronal loss that manifests clinically in progressive memory impairments, confusion , behavioral problems, inability to take care of oneself, gradual physical deterioration and, ultimately, death.
- Alzheimer's disease in the context of the present invention, refers to an early stage of Alzheimer's disease, where the subject experiences:
- RDA 1, MMSE between 16 and 24 points and medial temporal atrophy (determined by MRI)> 3 points on the Scheltens scale.
- DCL cognitive impairment
- RDA Mayo Clinic
- PET-FDG 18-fluorodeoxyglucose
- DCL with probable Alzheimer's disease refers to patients who show DCL and are considered to show high risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
- the criteria to identify a patient as probable AD are those defined by the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (McKhann G. et al., 1984, Neurology, 34: 939-44), that is, dementia established by clinical and neuropsychological examination, deterioration progressive cognitive present in two or more areas of knowledge, beginning of deficiencies between the ages of 40 and 90 years and absence of other diseases capable of producing a dementia syndrome.
- non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease also known as “DCL with possible Alzheimer's disease” refers to patients who show DCL and who are considered to be at low risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
- the criteria to identify a patient as possible AD are those defined by the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (McKhann G. et al., 1984, Neurology, 34: 939-44), that is, dementia syndrome with an onset, presentation or Atypical evolution without known etiology but it is believed that in their origin they are not comorbid diseases capable of producing dementia.
- healthy subject refers to a subject in good health. In a preferred embodiment, said subject is over 65 years of age. It corresponds to a subject who does not suffer from a neurodegenerative disease or without a history of neurodegenerative disease. Preferably, healthy subjects are patients who show an absence of memory symptoms, normal performance in neuropsychological tests and absence of structural alterations in MRI. A healthy subject may be healthy and not have another disease or may have diseases other than DCL and EA.
- the term "distinguish a healthy subject from a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease” refers to the ability to discriminate between a subject who has no symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
- the term "distinguish a healthy subject from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease” refers to the ability to discriminate between a subject who has no symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a subject in the initial stages of AD (disease mild Alzheimer's).
- the term "distinguish a subject suffering from non-prodromal DCL from a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease” refers to the ability to discriminate between a subject who has non-prodromal DCL symptoms and a subject suffering from prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
- the term "distinguish a subject suffering from non-prodromal DCL from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease” refers to the ability to discriminate between a subject who has symptoms of non-prodromal DCL and a subject in the early stages of AD (mild Alzheimer's disease).
- the term "distinguish a subject suffering from prodromal AD from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease” refers to the ability to discriminate between a subject who has symptoms of prodromal AD and a subject in the early stages of AD (Alzheimer's disease mild).
- plasma refers to the liquid component of the blood. Depending on the method of separation used, the plasma may be completely free of cellular components or may contain various amounts of platelets and / or small amounts of other cellular components.
- ⁇ 17 UC, ⁇ 40 UC or ⁇ 42 UC refers to beta amyloid peptides that are non-covalently associated with the surface of the cells present in the biological sample and which is not available for binding to antibodies added to the sample and therefore immunologically detectable.
- the beta amyloid peptide is associated with red blood cells, white blood cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, and platelets.
- the amount of beta amyloid peptide associated with cells in a given sample can be determined and this value can be used alone or in combination with other parameters related to beta amyloid peptides in the methods of the invention.
- it is first required to isolate the cell fraction from the biological sample. This can be done using any technique known to the expert such as centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration and the like. Once the cell fraction has been isolated from a biological sample, the cells are contacted with a protein solubilizing agent.
- the amount of beta amyloid peptide associated with cells in a given sample can be determined and this value can be used alone or in combination with other parameters related to beta amyloid peptides in the methods of the invention.
- it is first required to isolate the cell fraction from the biological sample. This can be done using any technique known to the expert such as centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration and the like. Once I know has isolated the fraction of cells from a biological sample, the cells are contacted with a protein solubilizing agent.
- Suitable protein solubilizing agents include detergents, chaotropic agents and reducing agents as defined below and are usually provided in a buffer solution at a suitable concentration. Agents, buffer solutions and concentrations of suitable agents in the buffer solution are described below. The step of contacting is carried out essentially as explained later in the method for releasing the amyloid peptide that is bound to components (proteins and lipids) of the biological sample.
- the protein solubilizing agent is a detergent.
- the detergent is Tween 20. Suitable concentrations of Tween 20 for use as a protein solubilizing agent are as defined above, that is, between 0.004-0.02%, more preferably of the 0.005-0.01% (w / v).
- the step of contacting is preferably carried out at a low temperature in order to inhibit proteolytic activities present in the sample. Suitable temperatures are about 0-10 ° C, preferably about 3-5 ° C, for example, about 4 ° C.
- the step of contacting is carried out by resuspending the cell fraction in the biological sample with the solution comprising the protein solubilizing agent.
- Said resuspension can be carried out by gently pipetting up and down, stirring, preferably by stirring, more preferably by high speed stirring, most preferably by vortexing) for at least 5 seconds, preferably for at least 10 seconds, more preferably for at least 15 seconds (for example, for 15-50 seconds).
- Advantageous speeds for said mixing, stirring, stirring, high speed stirring or vortexing comprise a speed of at least 250 rpm, preferably at least 500 rpm, more preferably at least 1,000 rpm, most preferably about 2,000-2,500 rpm
- the step of contacting is carried out under conditions suitable to achieve partial or, preferably, complete dissociation of the beta amyloid peptide from the cells present in the biological sample.
- a person skilled in the art can determine suitably the conditions controlling the amount of beta amyloid peptide that is detectable before the contacting step and progressively at different times after the contacting step has taken place.
- total ⁇ peptide in plasma refers to "plasma free ⁇ peptide” plus the “component-associated amyloid beta peptide” macromolecular.
- beta amyloid peptide associated with macromolecular components refers to beta amyloid peptide that is non-covalently bound or linked to molecules found in the biological sample under study. Typically, this peptide is not readily accessible for immunological detection and, therefore, requires a pretreatment of the biological sample in order to achieve separation of the peptide from the components.
- the beta amyloid peptide bound to macromolecular components will be released from said components and will be available for immunological detection using specific antibodies. Since the biological sample already contains a certain amount of free beta amyloid peptide, the total amount of free amyloid peptide after contacting the sample with the protein solubilizing agent will be the aggregate level of the free beta amyloid peptide originally present and the level beta amyloid peptide that has been released after treatment with the protein solubilizing agent.
- beta amyloid peptide associated with macromolecular components present in the biological sample this can usually be done by determining the level of free beta amyloid peptide before treatment with the protein solubilization agent and the level of Free beta amyloid peptide after treatment with the protein solubilization agent and subtracting the first value from the second value.
- the parameter that is usually determined when the sample is treated so that the amyloid peptide is dissociated from macromolecular components corresponds to the addition of the free peptide present in the sample and the peptide associated with macromolecular components.
- the macromolecular components of the sample that can bind to beta amyloid peptides and that contribute to the set of beta amyloid peptide associated with macromolecular components include both proteins and lipids.
- the macromolecular components include, without limitation, proteins and blood lipids.
- Exemplary blood proteins include albumin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, fibrinogen (fibrin and degradation products thereof), alpha-1-antitrypsin, prealbumin, alpha-1- antitrypsin, alpha glycoprotein -1 acid, alpha-1-fetopro teine, alpha-2-haptoglobin, macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, beta-2-microglobulin C3 / C4, beta-lipoprotein, alpha, beta and gamma-globulins, C-reactive protein (CRP) , prothrombin, thyroxine binding protein, transthyretin and the like.
- Exemplary blood lipids include free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids and the like.
- the amount of beta amyloid peptide associated with macromolecular components can be determined by contacting a cell-free sample of the biological sample with a protein solubilizing agent under suitable conditions to induce the release of said beta amyloid peptides from the macromolecular components.
- contacting it is meant herein to add to the sample a sufficient amount of a solution comprising the protein solubilizing agent so that the concentration of the protein solubilizing agent in the mixture is sufficient to solubilize so effective the beta amyloid peptide that is bound to the proteins and cells in the sample.
- the protein solubilization agent is in solution in a buffer solution so that the addition of the protein solubilization agent does not produce a substantial change in the pH of the sample.
- protein solubilizing agent refers to any compound of composition capable of altering the secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary structure of the polypeptides while leaving the primary structure intact. Under these properties, protein solubilizing agents can increase the solubility of proteins in a sample as well as prevent intermolecular and intramolecular aggregation of proteins. Protein solubilizing agents suitable for use in the present invention include, without limitation, detergents, chaotropic agents, reducing agents and mixtures thereof.
- detergent is a synonym used for surfactants in general, and refers to amphipathic surfactants that, when added to a liquid, reduce the surface tension of the liquid as compared to it. liquid in the absence of detergent. Detergents can also prevent the aggregation of proteins and prevent the non-specific binding or interaction of contaminants to a protein of interest. Detergents suitable for use in the present invention include, without limitation, nonionic (neutral), ammonium, cationic or dipolar detergents.
- non-ionic or neutral detergents include, without limitation, Tween series detergents, such as Tween® 20, Tween® 21, Tween® 40, Tween® 60, Tween® 61, Tween® 65, Tween® 80, Tween ® 81, Tween® 85, Span® series detergents, such as Span® 20; Tergitol series detergents, such as Tergitol type 15-S-12; Brij® series detergents, such as Brij® 35, Brij® 56, Brij® 72, Brij® 76, Brij® 92V, Brij® 97, Brij® 58P; Tween series detergents, such as Tween® 20, Tween® 21, Tween® 40, Tween® 60, Tween® 61, Tween® 65, Tween® 80, Tween® 81, Tween® 85; Triton® series detergents, such as Triton® X-100, Triton® X-114, Tri
- anionic detergents include, without limitation, colic acid and derivatives thereof, taurocolic acid, Triton X-200, Triton W-30, Triton-30, Triton-770, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, NsN-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, 1- Sodium alkyl sulfonates, N-lauroylsarcosine or fatty acid salts.
- cationic detergents include, without limitation, fatty mono and dimethylamines, alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyl dimethylammonium salts, alkylamine acetates, trialkylammonium acetates, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, dialkylmethylbenzylammonium salts, alkylpyridinium halide and alkyl (substituted alkyl) pyridinium salts, alkylthiomethylpyridinium salts, alkylamidomethylpyridinium salts, alkylquinolinium salts, alkylisoquinolinium salts, N, N- alkylmethylpyrimidinium diallyl salts, of 4,4-dialkyltriamorpholinium, salts of 1-oxide of 4,4-dialkylthiamorpholinium, methyl bis-alkylsulfate (alkylethyl) -2-alkylimidazolinium (and other salts),
- dipolar detergents include, without limitation, 3 - [(3- colamidopropyl) dimethylammonium] -l-propanesulfonate (CHAPS); 3 - [(3- colamidopropyl) dimethylammonium] -2-hydroxy-l-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO); N- (C10-C16 alkyl) -N, N-dimethylglycine betaine (EMPIGEN BB); caprililsulfobeta ⁇ na (SB3-10); 3- [N, N-dimethyl (3-myristoylaminopropyl) ammonium] propanesulfonate (amidosulfobetaine-14; ASB-14); N-tetradecyl-N, N-dimethyl-3-ammonium-l-propanesulfonate (detergent 3-14; ZWITTERGENT); N-dodecyl-N, N'-dimethyl-3-ammonium-1-propa
- the protein solubilization reagent is a detergent.
- the detergent is Tween 20.
- Tween 20 is used at a concentration of 0.5%.
- a “chaotropic agent,” as used herein, refers to a compound or mixture of compounds that breaks hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions both within and within proteins. When used at high concentrations, chaotropic agents break the secondary structure of the protein and dissolve proteins that are otherwise not soluble. Suitable chaotropic agents include, without limitation, urea, guanidinium isothiocyanate, sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), guanidine HC1, guanidinium chloride, guanidinium thiocyanate, lithium tetrachloroacetate, sodium perchlorate, rubidium tetrachloroacetate, potassium iodide or cesium trifluoroacetate.
- reducing agent refers to any compound or material that maintains the sulfhydryl groups in a reduced state and reduces intra or intermolecular disulfide bridges.
- suitable reducing agents for the method of the present invention include both sulfhydryl and phosphine reducing agents.
- sulfhydryl reducing agents include dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE) and ⁇ -mercaptoethanol.
- phosphine reducing agents include tributylphosphine (TBP) and triscarboxyethylphosphine (TCEP).
- the biological sample is treated first to remove the cell fraction.
- the sample without cells is then contacted with the protein solubilizing agent.
- the sample is diluted using a buffer comprising the protein solubilizing agent. Normally, the sample is diluted 5 times in a buffer solution comprising Tween 20.
- a "buffer solution” is any substance or mixture of compounds in solution that can neutralize both acids and bases without appreciably changing the original acidity or alkalinity of the solution.
- Suitable buffer solutions to be used in the method of the invention include, without limitation, Tris buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution, borate buffer solution, carbonate buffer solution, sodium glycine hydroxide buffer solution or the like.
- the buffer solution is a phosphate buffer solution such as phosphate buffered saline or PBS.
- the amount of solution comprising the protein solubilizing agent that is added to the biological sample is not essential as long as sufficient dissociation of the amyloid beta peptide is achieved.
- the biological liquid can be diluted in the solution comprising the protein solubilizing agent at a dilution of at least 1/2 (v / v), 1/3 (v / v), 1/4 (v / v), 1/5 (v / v), 1/6 (v / v), 1/7 (v / v), 1/8 (v / v), 1/9 (v / v), 1 / 10 (v / v), 1/20 (v / v), 1/50 (v / v), 1/60 (v / v), 1/80 (v / v), 1/90 (v / v), 1/100 (v / v) or more.
- the solution containing the protein solubilization agent may comprise said selected protein solubilization agent (s) at a concentration ranging from 0.001% to 0.5% (w / v ).
- said biological liquid normally contains said surfactant (s) at less than 0.1% (w / v), preferably less than 0.6% (p / v), more preferably no more than 0.5% (w / v), most preferably no more than 0.45% (w / v) and even more preferably 0.5%.
- Buffer systems suitable for use in the present invention include Tris-HCl buffers that include a salt such as NaCl or KC1 and, optionally, BSA.
- Particular buffer systems include, without limitation,
- Tris-HC1 pH 8 50 mM Tris-HC1 pH 8, 0.5 M NaCl; 0.05% BSA, 0.05% Triton X-100
- Tris- HC1 pH 8 50 mM Tris- HC1 pH 8, 0.5 M KC1, 0.05% BSA, 0.05% Triton X-100
- the preferred concentration is 0.004-0.02%, more preferably 0.005-0.01% (w / v).
- the step of contacting is preferably carried out at a low temperature in order to inhibit proteolytic activities present in the sample. Suitable temperatures are about 0-10 ° C, preferably about 3-5 ° C, for example, about 4 ° C.
- both liquids can be mixed.
- Mixing can be carried out by stirring, preferably by stirring, more preferably by high speed stirring, most preferably by vortexing) for at least 5 seconds, preferably for at least 10 seconds, more preferably for at least 15 seconds (for example, for 15-50 seconds).
- Advantageous speeds for said mixing, stirring, stirring, high speed stirring or vortexing comprise a speed of at least 250 rpm, preferably at least 500 rpm, more preferably at least 1,000 rpm, most preferably about 2,000-2,500 rpm
- the step of contacting is carried out under conditions suitable to achieve partial or, preferably, complete dissolution of the beta amyloid peptide of the proteins and lipids present in the biological sample.
- One skilled in the art can adequately determine the conditions by following the amount of beta amyloid peptide that can be detected before the step of contacting and progressively at different time points after the step of contacting has taken place.
- the experiment of temporal evolution can be determined as described in the example of the experimental part.
- the level of beta amyloid peptide is determined by diluting a biological sample with a buffer containing the protein solubilization reagent, the level of free beta amyloid peptide obtained by the Immune determination will have to be corrected in order to take into account the dilution factor previously applied to the biological sample.
- peptides ⁇ 17, ⁇ 40 or ⁇ 42 free in plasma refers to beta amyloid peptides that are not associated to any component of the biological sample and that are readily available for binding to a specific antibody.
- This peptide can be determined by conventional immunological techniques by contacting the biological sample with an antibody specific for said peptide.
- the level of free amyloid peptide is determined in plasma.
- reference value refers to a parameter value that is used for comparison and that has been determined in a subject who does not suffer from a neurodegenerative disease or has no history of neurodegenerative disease.
- the subjects from which the reference values are obtained for the different parameters and parameters calculated are patients who show an absence of memory symptoms, normal performance in neuropsychological tests and absence of structural alterations in MRI.
- reference values are selected that allow a sensitivity greater than 85% and a specificity greater than 75%.
- the reference values are selected so that a sensitivity greater than 70% and a specificity greater than 70% is obtained.
- the reference values allow to obtain a prediction with an accuracy or precision of at least 80%.
- the determination is made of whether a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease when there is an alteration in the value of the parameter or in the value of the parameter calculated with respect to the reference value.
- the concentration of beta amyloid peptide can be determined using one or more techniques of immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, adsorption enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance, precipitin reaction, gel diffusion immunodiffusion assay, radioimmunoassay.
- ELISA adsorption enzyme immunoassay
- surface plasmon resonance adsorption enzyme immunoassay
- precipitin reaction a gel diffusion immunodiffusion assay
- radioimmunoassay radioimmunoassay.
- RIA fluorescence activated cell separation
- FACS fluorescence activated cell separation
- MS mass spectroscopy
- MALDI-TOF matrix-time-flight-EM
- SELDI-TOF surface-time laser-enhanced desorption / ionization flight
- HPLC high resolution liquid chromatography
- FPLC rapid protein liquid chromatography
- LC multidimensional liquid chromatography
- MS / MS tandem mass spectrometry
- the determination of the method of the invention is carried out by an immunological method.
- immunological method when applied to a determination, refers to any method that involves the use of one or more specific antibodies to a target substance in order to determine the amount / concentration of said target substance excluding other substances found in the sample. Suitable immunological methods include, without limitation, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, adsorption enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance, radioimmunoassay (RIA).
- ELISA adsorption enzyme immunoassay
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- the determination or detection of the beta amyloid peptide is carried out by ELISA.
- any type of antibody is suitable for performing the immunological detection methods according to the invention provided that the antibody is specific enough to effectively differentiate beta amyloid peptide species in the sample from other substances.
- ELISA means adsorption enzyme immunoassay and refers to an assay whereby an unknown amount of target substance (the beta amyloid peptide) is fixed to a surface, and then washed with a specific antibody on the surface so that it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is bound to an enzyme, and in the final step a substance is added that the enzyme can convert into some detectable signal.
- target substance the beta amyloid peptide
- This antibody is bound to an enzyme, and in the final step a substance is added that the enzyme can convert into some detectable signal.
- Different types of ELISA assays are known and can be applied to the method of the invention, including direct ELISA, sandwich ELISA, competitive ELISA and inverse ELISA method and device (ELISA-R m & d).
- Direct ELISA is carried out by contacting the test sample comprising the beta amyloid peptide with a solid support that has been previously coated with a concentrated solution of a protein or a non-interacting reagent (bovine serum albumin, casein).
- a protein or a non-interacting reagent bovine serum albumin, casein.
- an antibody specific for the beta amyloid peptide is added under conditions suitable for binding to the beta amyloid peptide.
- the antibody that binds is then detected with a secondary antibody that is coupled to a detectable label or a substrate modifying enzyme.
- the signal resulting from the detectable label or the substrate is then proportional to the amount of antibody bound to the support which, in turn, correlates directly with the amount of amyloid beta peptide in the sample.
- the competitive ELISA assay includes a first step in which the test sample comprising an unknown amount of beta amyloid peptide is contacted with a first antibody as defined above. Antibody-antigen complexes are added to an antigen coated well. Once the support has been washed to remove any specifically unbound complex, the amount of first antibody is detected with a second antibody that is coupled to a detectable group. In this type of assay, the higher the concentration of the original antigen, the weaker the final signal will be.
- An alternative competitive ELISA assay is one that includes an enzyme-linked antigen instead of an enzyme-linked antibody. The labeled antigen competes for the binding sites of the primary antibody with the antigen in the sample (unlabeled). Using this type of assays, the concentration of antigen in the sample is inversely correlated with the amount of labeled antigen retained in the well and, consequently, in a weaker signal.
- the ELISA method and reverse device uses an innovative solid phase consisting of an immunoabsorbent polystyrene rod with 4-12 prominent warheads; The entire device is suitable for insertion into a test tube containing the collected sample and the following steps (washing, conjugate incubation and chromogen incubation) are easily carried out by immersing the ogives in conventional microplate microwells preloaded with reagents, sealed and stored until use.
- the ELISA is a sandwich ELISA.
- the sandwich ELISA assay involves coating a support with a first antibody specific for the beta amyloid peptide, applying the sample containing the beta amyloid peptide, which will cause the binding of the beta amyloid peptide to the first antibody, and applying a second antibody also specific for the beta amyloid peptide, wherein said second antibody is usually coupled to a detectable label or to a substrate modifying enzyme.
- the signal generated by the tag or by the converted substrate is proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample.
- a standard curve for the ⁇ 17 peptide should be prepared using increasing concentrations to determine the concentrations of the parameters mentioned above.
- the standard curve serves the dual purpose of (i) establishing the concentration range where the signal increases linearly with the concentration of the target peptide and (ii) determining the concentration of the peptides in the test sample by interpolation of the signal obtained with test or standard samples on the curve to obtain concentration values.
- the preferred concentrations of the test samples are, for example, 3,125; 6.25; 12.5; 25; fifty; 100 and 200 pg / ml. It will be appreciated that the concentrations of the samples used to obtain the standard curve will vary for each test substrate. However, the determination of the linear range of the test can be determined by the person skilled in the art by conventional means.
- alteration refers to a statistically significant increase or decrease in the value of the parameter under consideration with respect to the reference value.
- statically significant refers to a statistical analysis of the probability that there is a non-random association between two or more outcomes, assessment criteria or outcomes, that is, that there is a certain degree of mathematical certainty that the value of the parameter be associated with a particular patient population with respect to the reference value.
- the statistical significance of the alteration in the values can be determined using the value of p. For example, when the value of p is used, a parameter is identified that shows a significant alteration when the value of p is less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.05, more preferably less than 0.01, even more preferably less than 0.005, most preferably less than 0.001.
- the value of the parameter under consideration can be assigned as being “increased” when the value above the reference value is at least 1.1 times, 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times , 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more compared to the reference value.
- a parameter value can be considered as being “decreased” when it is at least 0.9 times, 0.75 times, 0.2 times, 0.1 times, 0.05 times, 0.025 times, 0, 02 times, 0.01 times, 0.005 times or even less compared to the reference value.
- the alteration in the value of the parameter or in the value of the parameter calculated with respect to the reference value is an increase.
- Kit according to [6] further comprising a second member of said union pair wherein said second member of the union pair is coupled to a detectable label.
- Kit as defined in [7] where, if the detectable label that is coupled to the second member of the binding pair is an enzymatic label, then the kit further comprises a substrate that can be converted into said product into a detectable product.
- Kit as defined in any of [5] to [8] further comprising an antibody or a combination of antibodies that specifically bind ⁇ 40 and / or ⁇ 42.
- Kit as defined in [10] wherein the antibody that is not coupled to a first member of a binding pair is previously bound to the solid support.
- a method for determining or detecting the ⁇ peptide (1-17) in a sample comprising the steps of:
- step (ii) contacting the immune complexes formed in step (i) with a second antibody, wherein said second antibody is as defined in any of [1] to [4] and wherein said second antibody recognizes a different region that the first antibody and is coupled to a first member of a binding pair;
- step (iii) contacting the complexes formed in step (ii) with a second member of a binding pair that is coupled to a detectable label and
- the first antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- a method for monitoring a neurodegenerative disease in a subject comprising: (a) determining in a sample of said subject at a first time point the level of the free ⁇ 17 peptide in a plasma sample and the level of the ⁇ 17 peptide bound to cells in a blood sample in a sample of said subject;
- a method to determine if a subject suffers from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group consisting of:
- a method to determine if a subject suffers from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- a method to distinguish a subject suffering from DCL with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease comprising determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- a method to distinguish a subject suffering from DCL with non-prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- a method to distinguish a subject suffering from DCL with prodromal Alzheimer's disease from a subject suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease which comprises determining the value of one or more parameters selected from the group of:
- the support used for conjugation was Californian Barnacle Hemocyanin (KLH) (Pierce, ref. 77600).
- the conjugation was carried out with the NHS-PEG 4- Malimida crosslinker (Pierce, ref. 22104).
- As adjuvants three types were used: complete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma, ref. F5881), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma, ref. F5506) and Imjet alum (Pierce, ref. 77161).
- the immunization protocol was as follows:
- the four rabbits were immunized every week with 100 ⁇ g of the peptides.
- the first dose was administered using complete Freund's adjuvant as an adjuvant, followed by another dose with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and a third dose with alum.
- the antibody titer obtained was too low to allow purification. Therefore, the dose was increased to 200 ⁇ g of the peptides in three more administrations, alternating adjuvants: incomplete Freund's adjuvant - incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
- the antibody titers obtained for the four rabbits were very high and purification was performed by affinity chromatography (with the con ⁇ 17 peptide.
- a blot transfer was carried out to determine the specificity of the anti-Api7 antibody, where other ⁇ peptides were included (Figure 1).
- the anti-Api7 antibody was added in two dilutions (1: 1000 and 1: 2000) and the antibody Secondary used was goat anti-rabbit-HRP 1: 2000. 500 ng of each peptide was loaded in 2.5 ⁇ .
- the blot transfer was revealed with ECL with SNAP technology at an exposure of 1 minute and 3 minutes. As shown in said figure, the antibody is very specific for the ⁇ 17 peptide and does not specifically recognize ⁇ 15, ⁇ 16, ⁇ 38, ⁇ 40 ⁇ 42.
- Formic acid sodium chloride, a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (a-CHCA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), triethanolamine, Tris and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma (Steimheim, Germany ).
- Acetonitrile was purchased from Carlo-Erba (Rhone, MI, Italy).
- Dimethyl-2HCl pimelimidate (DMP) was purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA).
- Tricine loading buffer was purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA).
- IP-MALDI The IP-MALDI procedure was carried out as described by Portelius et al.
- the balls were incubated with different amounts of antibody, washed and then the antibodies were eluted by boiling the balls in tricine loading buffer with DTT. The saturation amount of each antibody was determined by immunoblot.
- the time (1 hour and overnight) and temperature (4 ° C, room temperature and 37 ° C) of incubation of the balls with the antibody and the antibody-ball complexes with the samples were also optimized.
- Another optimized parameter was the elution condition (0.5, 2.5 and 5% formic acid, as well as various percentages of organic solvents, such as nitrile aceto).
- the first is basically based on the manufacturer's instructions with the optimized parameters: an aliquot of the anticuerpo ⁇ specific antibody (4 ⁇ g of 6E10 or 8 ⁇ g of 4G8 or 6 ⁇ g of SAR2) was incubated with 50 ⁇ of Dynabeads G protein for 1 hour at room temperature on a rotary shaker. After that, three washes were carried out with phosphate buffered saline (PBS: NaH 2 P0 4 H 2 0 lmM, Na 2 HP0 4 -2 H 2 0 5 mM, NaCl 138mM). 1 ml of CSF was added and incubated overnight at room temperature on a rotary shaker.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the CSF was removed from the balls after incubation, with the help of a magnet (DynaMag-2 or DynaMag-15, Invitrogen Dynal AS, Oslo, Norway) and discarded.
- the eluate was incubated 5 minutes at room temperature in a thermomixer.
- the eluted compounds were desalted with ZipTip C 18 tips (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
- the ZipTip C 18 protocol consists of several steps: solvation of the tips with acetonitrile, conditioning with 0.1% TFA (repeating this step several times), loading of the sample (pipetting up and down several times), one step of Wash with 0.1% TFA and the final elution with 3 ⁇ of a-CHCA (5 mg / ml).
- the cross-linked balls were washed three times with 1 ml of PBS containing 0.1% BSA.
- 1 ml of combined human CSF was added and incubated overnight at room temperature.
- the supernatants were discarded and the balls were washed several times with PBS.
- the ⁇ species were eluted with 25 ⁇ of 5% formic acid.
- the eluted compounds were desalted with ZipTip C 18 using the same protocol described above.
- the potential difference of the mirror 2 towards the source 1 remained constant at a quotient value of 1.105.
- the potential difference from source 1 was maintained at 8 kV and the laser value was adjusted 1000 units higher than in EM experiments.
- Precursor ions were selected for fragmentation by means of a time-regulated ion selector at a resolution value of 250 (full amplitude to maximum). The selected ions were decelerated before arrival at the collision chamber in the deceleration cell and dissociated after the collisions with air at a kinetic energy of 1 keV (high energy collision induced dissociation). The fragmented ions were accelerated again in the second source to 15 kV after a short delay.
- the metastable suppressor was activated in all MS / MS experiments to avoid ion detection remaining precursors and undesirable metastable decay fragments.
- Data Explorer software was used for spectral treatment (smoothing and / or noise filtering). Only monoisotopic m / z ratios are described.
- Monoclonal capture antibody specific for the NH 2 end of the human ⁇ peptide (6E10 antibody).
- Chromium stabilized TMB gene Chromium stabilized TMB gene.
- Blocking buffer 50 mM Tris, 0.2% Tween20, 0.5% BSA, pH 8.0.
- Preservative solution trehalose 20 mg / ml, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0.
- Antibody diluent 50 mM Tris, 0.05% BSA, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.05% Twwen20, pH 8.0.
- the plate was coated using the 6E10 capture monoclonal antibody that recognizes amino acids 1-17 in the ⁇ -amyloid peptide.
- the concentration used was determined according to the saturation concentration of the antibody, so that it was not the limiting factor in the antigen-antibody reaction.
- absorbance at 450 nm was related to the concentration of antibody in each well by controlling the antibody adsorbed to the well with an HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody incubated for 1 hour with stirring at room temperature and an incubation step with the chromogenic substrate followed by a reaction stop.
- the concentration at which the signal did not increase with the antibody concentration was chosen.
- the microplates were coated with 100 ⁇ of capture antibody in coating buffer and incubated overnight (ON) at 4 ° C for approximately 20 hours.
- the plates were then washed 5 times with the wash buffer and 300 ⁇ were added per well of blocking buffer. The plates were incubated for 3 hours at room temperature.
- the plates were then washed 5 times with the wash buffer and 100 ⁇ of the preservative solution was added. The plates were allowed to evaporate until a characteristic white halo of trehalose appears (2-3 days at room temperature). The plates so treated could be kept at 4 ° C covered with aluminum foil and are stable for two years.
- Samples can be used undiluted or diluted from 1: 2 to 1: 10 in sample diluent / standard. 1: 3 dilution is recommended for plasma samples and 1: 5 for blood cell samples. To ensure accurate quantification, the standard and white curves must be generated in the same diluents or buffers as the samples.
- Samples of the human ⁇ 17 standard curve (1 ⁇ 17) were prepared from a stock solution of 200 pg / ml of ⁇ 17 peptides in plates coated with Acm 6E10 and treated with trehalose. 1: 2 serial dilutions were made in sample / standard diluent from these solutions. Dilutions were made so that give the concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3,125 pg / ml. 100 ⁇ of each sample is added and incubated overnight at 4 ° C (or for 2 hours at 37 ° C).
- the detection antibody is a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody against the human ⁇ peptide that terminates at amino acid 17.
- the conjugation of the biotin antibody takes place after an activation step and overnight incubation at room temperature in the dark. The excess biotin is inactivated in an additional step.
- the detection antibody was added diluted in antibody diluent. 100 ⁇ are added to each well and then incubated for 1 hour with stirring at room temperature. Then, 100 ⁇ of a 1/50 dilution in HRP-coupled streptavidin antibody diluent (from SIGMA) was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour with stirring at room temperature.
- TMB TMB gene chromium substrate
- ZEU Immunotec 100 ⁇ of the TMB gene chromium substrate (ZEU Immunotec). TMB was added and incubated in the dark for 45 minutes. 50 ⁇ of stop solution per well was added. The absorbance at 450 nm was read on a Synergy HT (BioTek Instruments) plate reader.
- results can be calculated using any software package for immunoassays.
- the method used to adjust the curve is linear regression and the concentration of ⁇ 17 was calculated as follows:
- intraplate variability To analyze the reproducibility of the immunoassay, intraplate variability, intraassay variability, inter-assay variability in plasma samples and inter-assay variability in cell samples were measured.
- Intraplate variability was calculated by analyzing the differences between the wells in triplicate, in samples, standard samples and reference samples on the same plate. In intra-assay reproducibility, the concentration obtained for 4 reference plasma samples analyzed on 11 different plates in the same assay was compared. In the inter-assay variability in plasma samples, the differences obtained in concentration were measured when two plasma samples were analyzed in two different and independent assays. Inter-assay variability in cell samples refers to the comparison of ⁇ 17 levels between two different independent determinations of 8 cell control samples.
- the detection limit (LD) and quantification limit (LC) were calculated by two different methods:
- the levels of ⁇ 17, ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42 were determined using the sandwich ELISA assay described in example 1 in plasma samples from a cohort of healthy control subjects (CS> 65 or HC> 65) over 65 years (19 subjects), of a cohort of subjects suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease (mild AD) (17 subjects), from a cohort of subjects who had prodromal or probable mild cognitive impairment (DCL) (16 subjects), and from a cohort of subjects who had mild cognitive impairment ( DCL) non-prodromal or possible (16 subjects).
- the concentrations in pg / ml obtained for the peptides are shown in the tables of Figure 3A, Figure 4A, Figure 5A and Figure 6A.
- CES (17 + 40 + 42) total plasma peptide + cell-bound peptide
- TP40 + UC40 The levels of total ⁇ 40 peptide in plasma + levels of ⁇ 40 peptide bound to cells. As shown in Figure 3, the levels of these markers are higher in subjects with probable DCL and mild AD than in subjects with possible and healthy DCL. And it is possible to distinguish with high significance between possible DCL and mild EA.
- the ratio between ⁇ 17 peptide levels linked to cells and ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42 peptide levels linked to cells can distinguish between healthy subjects or subjects with possible DCL and probable DCL and between healthy subjects and mild EA (Figure 5).
- the ratio between levels of total ⁇ 17 peptide in plasma + levels of ⁇ 17 peptide bound to cells and levels of ⁇ 40 and ⁇ 42 total plasma peptide (CES (40 + 42)) can distinguish between healthy subjects or subjects with possible DCL of probable DCL (figure 5).
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Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/004,634 US9255932B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
JP2014504363A JP5926368B2 (ja) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | アミロイドペプチドを測定するための抗体、キットおよび方法 |
KR1020137025856A KR101602546B1 (ko) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | 아밀로이드 펩티드를 측정하기 위한 항체, 키트 및 방법 |
EP12771472.3A EP2698381B1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
NZ615011A NZ615011B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
RU2013139450/10A RU2571213C2 (ru) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | Антитело, набор и способ определения амилоидных пептидов |
CN201280018250.7A CN103547593B (zh) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | 用于确定淀粉样肽的抗体、试剂盒和方法 |
CA2828307A CA2828307C (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | Antibody, kit and method for determination of amyloid peptides |
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BR112013023540A BR112013023540A2 (pt) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-04-03 | anticorpo, kit e método para a determinação de peptídeos amilóides |
AU2013204931A AU2013204931B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
IL228170A IL228170B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-08-28 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
ZA2013/06572A ZA201306572B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-09-02 | Antibody,kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
US14/977,769 US9863961B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2015-12-22 | Method for determination of amyloid peptides with anti-amyloid antibody |
IL253794A IL253794A0 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-08-02 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
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AU2013204931A Division AU2013204931B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | Antibody, kit and method for determining amyloid peptides |
US14/977,769 Division US9863961B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2015-12-22 | Method for determination of amyloid peptides with anti-amyloid antibody |
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EP (2) | EP2511296A1 (es) |
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CN (1) | CN103547593B (es) |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103852579A (zh) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-11 | 姚钧 | 一种人体血清Aβ的定量检测方法 |
WO2014160647A1 (en) * | 2013-03-24 | 2014-10-02 | The Washington University | Method for amyloid beta sample processing |
WO2015077473A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Methods and compositions for treating amyloid deposits |
US10830775B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2020-11-10 | Washington University | Tau kinetic measurements |
WO2021009074A1 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-21 | Adx Neurosciences Nv | Novel markers as early predictors of alzheimer's pathology |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AR085959A1 (es) | 2013-11-06 |
BR112013023540A2 (pt) | 2016-11-22 |
EP2698381A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
CA2828307C (en) | 2019-06-11 |
CA2828307A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2698381B1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
IL253794A0 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
MX337535B (es) | 2016-03-09 |
US9255932B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
SG194053A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
JP5926368B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
EP2511296A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN103547593A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
JP2014516357A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
CN103547593B (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
NZ615011A (en) | 2015-11-27 |
US20160195548A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
TW201305201A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
KR20130135931A (ko) | 2013-12-11 |
ZA201306572B (en) | 2017-11-29 |
MX2013011515A (es) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2698381A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
KR101602546B1 (ko) | 2016-03-10 |
MY161291A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
ES2667016T3 (es) | 2018-05-09 |
RU2571213C2 (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
WO2012140296A9 (es) | 2013-08-29 |
TWI549966B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
RU2013139450A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
IL228170B (en) | 2018-01-31 |
CL2013002586A1 (es) | 2014-05-16 |
US9863961B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
US20140024054A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
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