WO2012132843A1 - ハニカム構造体 - Google Patents
ハニカム構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132843A1 WO2012132843A1 PCT/JP2012/056187 JP2012056187W WO2012132843A1 WO 2012132843 A1 WO2012132843 A1 WO 2012132843A1 JP 2012056187 W JP2012056187 W JP 2012056187W WO 2012132843 A1 WO2012132843 A1 WO 2012132843A1
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- honeycomb structure
- aluminum
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- mass
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
- C04B38/0009—Honeycomb structures characterised by features relating to the cell walls, e.g. wall thickness or distribution of pores in the walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/2429—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material of the honeycomb walls or cells
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/24491—Porosity
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/24492—Pore diameter
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- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2474—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure of the walls along the length of the honeycomb
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- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2482—Thickness, height, width, length or diameter
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- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2498—The honeycomb filter being defined by mathematical relationships
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a honeycomb structure.
- honeycomb structures are exhaust gas filters for purifying exhaust gas exhausted from internal combustion engines such as diesel engines and gasoline engines, catalyst carriers, filter filters used for filtering food and drink such as beer, and gas generated during petroleum refining It is used as a ceramic filter such as a selective transmission filter for selectively transmitting components (for example, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen).
- a honeycomb structure has a plurality of substantially parallel flow paths partitioned by partition walls (for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- Honeycomb structures are commercially available and are mounted on passenger cars and the like.
- the honeycomb structure when the fluid containing the collected matter flows in from one end side of the honeycomb structure and flows out from the other end side, the collected matter is collected in the honeycomb structure. Therefore, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the increase in pressure loss. Therefore, it is required for the honeycomb structure to reduce the pressure loss as compared with the conventional structure.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a honeycomb structure capable of reducing pressure loss.
- the present inventors have found that the pressure loss in the honeycomb structure can be adjusted by adjusting specific parameters calculated based on the X-ray CT measurement results. Furthermore, the present inventor has found that the pressure loss can be sufficiently reduced when the parameter calculated based on the measurement result of the X-ray CT is in a specific range.
- the honeycomb structure according to the present invention is a honeycomb structure having a plurality of substantially parallel flow paths partitioned by partition walls, and the resolution of the image in the partition wall image obtained by X-ray CT measurement.
- X the number of communication holes detected when X is 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel is X and the number of communication holes detected when the resolution of the image is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel is Y, / X is 0.58 or more.
- the parameter Y / X obtained based on the partition wall image obtained by the X-ray CT measurement is 0.58 or more, so that the pressure loss can be reduced as compared with the conventional structure. It is easy, and even when the collected object is accumulated in the communication hole, the pressure loss can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- the resolution of the partition image acquired by X-ray CT measurement is 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel
- the resolution is higher than that when the resolution is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- Easy to detect narrow communication holes when the resolution of the partition image acquired by X-ray CT measurement is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel, the resolution is lower than that when the resolution is 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel. It is difficult to detect narrow communication holes. Therefore, when the resolution is 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel, it is possible to detect a relatively thin communication hole that is difficult to detect when the resolution is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- the number X of communication holes obtained when the resolution is 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel is in addition to the number Y of relatively thick communication holes detected even when the resolution is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- the resolution is 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel
- the number of relatively thin communication holes that are difficult to detect is included. Therefore, Y / X indicates the existence ratio of relatively thick communication holes in the partition walls.
- Y / X being 0.58 or more means that the existence ratio of relatively thick communicating holes is larger than when Y / X is less than 0.58.
- the existence ratio of the relatively thick communication holes is large in this way, the fluid containing the collected material can easily pass through the communication holes and the collected material is collected. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the fluid from becoming difficult to pass through the communication hole, and thus it is possible to reduce the pressure loss.
- the porosity of the partition walls is preferably 30 to 70% by volume.
- the average pore diameter of the partition walls is preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m. In these cases, it becomes easy to improve the collection efficiency of the collection object while reducing the pressure loss.
- the partition walls of the honeycomb structure according to the present invention preferably contain aluminum titanate. In this case, durability against the thermal stress of the honeycomb structure can be improved.
- the content of aluminum magnesium titanate in the partition walls is 85 to 99% by mass
- the content of aluminosilicate is 1 to 5% by mass
- the content of aluminum oxide is 5% by mass. %
- the content of titanium dioxide is preferably 5% by mass or less. In this case, durability against the thermal stress of the honeycomb structure can be improved.
- the average thickness of the partition walls is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm. In this case, high collection efficiency and low pressure loss can be achieved to a higher degree.
- the honeycomb structure In the honeycomb structure, one end of some of the plurality of channels and the other end of the remaining of the plurality of channels may be sealed.
- the honeycomb structure is more preferably used as a particulate filter that achieves purification of exhaust gas by collecting fine particles (particulates) such as soot in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. Can be used.
- honeycomb structure of the present invention pressure loss can be reduced as compared with the conventional structure.
- a honeycomb structure is suitably used as a ceramic filter such as an exhaust gas filter, a filtration filter or a selective transmission filter.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a honeycomb structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing for explaining a method for measuring pressure loss and a method for measuring collection efficiency.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an image obtained by X-ray CT measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a honeycomb structure according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the honeycomb structure 100 is a cylindrical body having a plurality of flow paths 110 a and 110 b arranged substantially parallel to each other.
- the flow paths 110 a and 110 b are partitioned by a partition wall 120 that extends substantially parallel to the central axis of the honeycomb structure 100.
- One end of the flow path 110a constituting a part of the plurality of flow paths formed in the honeycomb structure 100 is sealed by the sealing portion 130 on the one end surface 100a of the honeycomb structure 100.
- the end is open at the other end surface 100 b of the honeycomb structure 100.
- one end of the flow path 110b constituting the remaining part of the plurality of flow paths formed in the honeycomb structure 100 is opened at one end face 100a, and the other end of the flow path 110b is sealed at the other end face 100b. Sealed by the portion 130.
- one end of the channel 110b is opened as a gas inlet, and the other end of the channel 110a is opened as a gas outlet.
- the channels 110a and the channels 110b are alternately arranged to form a lattice structure.
- the plurality of flow paths 110a and 110b are perpendicular to both end faces of the honeycomb structure 100, and are arranged in a square shape when viewed from the end face, that is, the central axes of the flow paths 110a and 110b are respectively positioned at the apexes of the square.
- the cross-sectional shape of the flow paths 110a and 110b is, for example, a square.
- the length of the honeycomb structure 100 in the longitudinal direction of the flow paths 110a and 110b is, for example, 30 to 300 mm.
- the outer diameter of the honeycomb structure 100 is, for example, 10 to 300 mm.
- the inner diameter (the length of one side of the square) of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the flow paths 110a and 110b is, for example, 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
- the average thickness (cell wall thickness) of the partition wall 120 is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.40 mm.
- the “average thickness” of the partition walls 120 refers to the average value of the thicknesses of the partition walls 120 between the respective flow paths when ten pairs of adjacent flow paths are arbitrarily selected.
- the porosity (open porosity) of the partition wall 120 is preferably 30% by volume or more, more preferably 35%, from the viewpoint that it becomes easy to improve the collection efficiency of the collection object while reducing the pressure loss. Volume% or more.
- the porosity of the partition wall 120 is preferably 70% by volume or less, more preferably 60% by volume or less, from the viewpoint of easily improving the collection efficiency of the collection object while reducing the pressure loss. .
- the average pore diameter (average pore diameter) of the partition wall 120 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint that it becomes easy to improve the collection efficiency of the collection object while reducing the pressure loss. That's it.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall 120 is preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint that it becomes easy to improve the collection efficiency of the collection object while reducing the pressure loss.
- the porosity is preferably 30 to 70% by volume and the average pore diameter is preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the porosity and average pore diameter of the partition wall 120 can be adjusted by the particle diameter of the raw material, the added amount of the pore forming agent, the kind of the pore forming agent, and the firing conditions, and can be measured by a mercury intrusion method.
- the partition wall 120 is formed of a porous ceramic sintered body and has a structure that allows fluid (for example, gas) to pass therethrough. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of communication holes (flow channels) 122 through which fluid can pass are formed in the partition wall 120.
- the communication hole 122 is formed by communicating a large number of pores with each other, and has a large-diameter pore 124 and a pore 126 connecting the large-diameter pores 124.
- the pores 126 have relatively thick pores 126a and relatively thin pores 126b.
- the number of communication holes 122 present in the partition wall 120 can be measured using X-ray CT measurement as follows. First, a measurement sample is cut out from the partition wall 120 of the honeycomb structure 100. Next, a three-dimensional image of the measurement sample is acquired by X-ray CT scan. Subsequently, the obtained three-dimensional image is subjected to three-dimensional quantitative analysis, and the three-dimensional image is divided into tomograms (tomographic planes) composed of a plurality of voxel units arranged in one direction. In each fault, pores existing in the fault are photographed.
- tomograms tomographic planes
- each voxel is sorted into a voxel with a large pore occupancy and a voxel with a small pore occupancy. Then, when voxels having a large occupancy ratio overlap with each other in adjacent faults, it is determined that the pores communicate with each other, and it is determined whether or not the pores photographed in the adjacent faults communicate with each other.
- Such an operation is performed from the front surface to the back surface of the measurement sample, and pores determined to be communicated from the front surface to the back surface are determined as “communication holes”, and the number of communication holes is calculated.
- Patent Document 2 can be referred to for such a measurement method of X-ray CT measurement and an image analysis method.
- the three-dimensional quantitative analysis is performed when the resolution (scale) is high and low.
- the resolution is high, it is easy to detect relatively thin communication holes together with relatively thick communication holes.
- the number of communication holes obtained when the resolution is high tends to represent the sum of the number of relatively thick communication holes and the number of relatively thin communication holes.
- the resolution is low, relatively thick communication holes are detected, but relatively thin communication holes are difficult to detect.
- the number of communication holes obtained when the resolution is low does not easily include the number of relatively thin communication holes, and tends to represent the number of relatively thick communication holes. Therefore, the ratio of the number of communication holes obtained when the resolution is low to the number of communication holes obtained when the resolution is high represents the existence ratio of relatively thick communication holes.
- the relatively thick communication hole means a communication hole having a large pore diameter that constitutes the communication hole 122 and is easily determined as a “communication hole” in the above three-dimensional quantitative analysis.
- the hole means a communication hole in which the pore diameter of the communication hole 122 is small and is not easily determined as a “communication hole” in the above three-dimensional quantitative analysis.
- the communication holes 122 that do not include relatively thin pores 126b are easily determined as “communication holes” in the three-dimensional quantitative analysis, and the communication holes 122 that include relatively thin pores 126b are “communication” in the three-dimensional quantitative analysis. It is difficult to be judged as “hole”.
- 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel is adopted as a high resolution.
- the resolution is 2.5 ⁇ m as a low resolution. / Pixel is adopted.
- the parameter Y / X means the existence ratio of relatively thick communicating holes that can be detected at both resolutions of 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel and 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- Y / X is 0.58 or more, preferably 0.59 or more, and more preferably 0.60 or more.
- the upper limit of Y / X is 1.00.
- the numbers X and Y of the communicating holes can be adjusted by adjusting the particle diameter of the raw material, the added amount of the hole forming agent, two or more kinds of hole forming agents having different particle diameters, and the firing conditions. For example, the parameter Y / X tends to increase by increasing the amount of the pore-forming agent, selecting a pore-forming agent having a large particle size, or increasing the firing temperature.
- a dimensional image Get a dimensional image.
- three-dimensional quantitative analysis is performed under the conditions of 512 ⁇ 512 pixels, field size 0.8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 mmh, and resolution 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel, and the number X of communication holes is calculated.
- the analysis conditions are changed, and a three-dimensional quantitative analysis is performed under the conditions of the number of pixels 307 ⁇ 307 pixels, the field size 0.8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 mmh, and the resolution 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel, and the number Y of communication holes is calculated. Then, the parameter Y / X is calculated based on the number of communication holes X and Y.
- the method for calculating the parameter Y / X is not limited to the above.
- a three-dimensional image is acquired by X-ray CT measurement at a resolution different from both the resolution of 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel and 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- a method of performing a three-dimensional quantitative analysis at resolutions of 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel and 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel may be employed.
- a method of performing an X-ray CT measurement and acquiring an image may be employed for each three-dimensional quantitative analysis with a resolution of 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel and 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- the honeycomb structure 100 is suitable as a particulate filter for collecting fine particles such as soot contained in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the honeycomb structure 100 As shown in FIG. 2, after the gas G containing fine particles is supplied from the one end face 100a to the flow path 110b, the gas G passes through the communication hole 122 in the partition wall 120 and flows adjacently. It reaches the path 110a and is discharged from the other end face 100b. At this time, the particulate matter in the gas G is collected in the communication hole 122 and removed from the gas G, whereby the honeycomb structure 100 functions as a filter.
- the honeycomb structure 100 When the honeycomb structure 100 is used as a filter for collecting the fine particles, once the fine particles are once deposited on the surface of the partition wall 120 or the inside of the partition wall 120 (in the communication hole 122), new particles are newly placed at the same position as the deposited fine particles. It is thought that the fine particles are deposited so as to be preferentially stacked. In this case, when the honeycomb structure 100 is regenerated and burned, a heat generation amount is large and thermal stress is concentrated in a portion where a large amount of fine particles are accumulated, and as a result, the partition wall 120 may be thermally damaged or melted. is there. For this reason, when the honeycomb structure 100 is used for a certain period of time, regeneration combustion is performed before a large amount of fine particles are deposited.
- the partition walls 120 of the honeycomb structure 100 can be formed of various materials, but the partition walls 120 particularly preferably contain aluminum titanate.
- the partition 120 contains porous ceramics mainly made of aluminum titanate-based crystals. “Mainly composed of an aluminum titanate-based crystal” means that the main crystal phase constituting the aluminum titanate-based ceramic fired body is an aluminum titanate-based crystal phase. , An aluminum titanate crystal phase, an aluminum magnesium titanate crystal phase, or the like.
- the thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength of the honeycomb structure 100 can be further increased. For this reason, even when fine particles are regenerated and burned in a state where a large amount of fine particles are accumulated in the honeycomb structure 100, the honeycomb structure 100 is damaged by thermal shock caused by the heat generated at that time. Can be suppressed. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the fine particles from being regenerated and burned each time a small amount of fine particles is deposited. That is, since it is not necessary to frequently regenerate and burn the honeycomb structure 100, the honeycomb structure 100 can be used continuously until a large amount of fine particles accumulate.
- the honeycomb structure 100 is reused by regenerating combustion after continuously using the honeycomb structure 100 as a filter for a long period of time until the fine particles accumulate in the communication holes 122 and the pressure loss becomes a predetermined value or more. Can do. Thereby, the maintainability can be improved and the collection efficiency of the fine particles can be further improved.
- the content of each component in the partition wall 120 is preferably adjusted as follows.
- Aluminum magnesium titanate 85-99% by mass
- Aluminosilicate 1-5% by mass
- Aluminum oxide 5% by mass or less (0-5% by mass)
- Titanium dioxide 5 mass% or less (0-5 mass%)
- the composition of the partition walls 120 in the honeycomb structure 100 can be expressed by, for example, the composition formula: Al 2 (1-x) Mg x Ti (1 + x) O 5 , but the composition is not particularly limited.
- the partition 120 may contain a trace component derived from raw materials or unavoidably included in the manufacturing process.
- the value of x is preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.03 to 0.15, and still more preferably 0.03 to 0.12.
- the partition wall 120 in the honeycomb structure 100 may include a crystal pattern of alumina, titania or the like in addition to the crystal pattern of aluminum titanate or aluminum magnesium titanate.
- the partition 120 in the honeycomb structure 100 may include a phase (crystal phase) other than the aluminum titanate-based crystal phase.
- the phase (crystal phase) other than the aluminum titanate-based crystal phase include a phase derived from a raw material used for producing an aluminum titanate-based ceramic fired body. More specifically, the raw material-derived phase refers to an aluminum source powder, a titanium source powder, and / or a residual titanium titanate-based crystal phase when the honeycomb structure 100 is manufactured according to the manufacturing method described later. Or it is a phase derived from a magnesium source powder.
- the partition wall 120 in the honeycomb structure 100 may include a glass phase derived from the silicon source powder.
- the glass phase refers to an amorphous phase in which SiO 2 is the main component.
- the glass phase content is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more.
- a method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure usually includes the following steps (a), (b), and (c).
- a raw material mixture containing ceramic powder and a hole forming agent is prepared.
- the particle size of the raw material and the pore-forming agent in steps (a) to (c) are set so that Y / X is 0.58 or more in the honeycomb structure obtained in step (c). The addition amount, the type of pore forming agent, and the firing conditions are adjusted.
- the ceramic powder and the hole forming agent are mixed and then kneaded to prepare a raw material mixture.
- various additives may be mixed in the raw material mixture.
- the additive is, for example, a binder, a plasticizer, a dispersant, or a solvent.
- the ceramic powder includes at least an aluminum source powder and a titanium source powder, and may further include a magnesium source powder, a silicon source powder, and the like.
- the aluminum source powder is a powder of a compound serving as an aluminum component constituting the honeycomb structure.
- the aluminum source powder include alumina (aluminum oxide) powder.
- the crystal type of alumina include ⁇ -type, ⁇ -type, ⁇ -type, and ⁇ -type, and may be indefinite (amorphous).
- the crystal type of alumina is preferably ⁇ type.
- the aluminum source powder may be a powder of a compound that is led to alumina by firing alone in air.
- a compound that is led to alumina by firing alone in air.
- examples of such a compound include an aluminum salt, aluminum alkoxide, aluminum hydroxide, metal aluminum and the like.
- the aluminum salt may be an aluminum inorganic salt with an inorganic acid or an aluminum organic salt with an organic acid.
- the aluminum inorganic salt include aluminum nitrates such as aluminum nitrate and ammonium aluminum nitrate; aluminum carbonates such as ammonium carbonate aluminum and the like.
- the aluminum organic salt include aluminum oxalate, aluminum acetate, aluminum stearate, aluminum lactate, and aluminum laurate.
- aluminum alkoxide examples include, for example, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum sec-butoxide, aluminum tert-butoxide and the like.
- Examples of the aluminum hydroxide crystal type include a gibbsite type, a bayerite type, a norosotrandite type, a boehmite type, and a pseudo-boehmite type, and may be amorphous (amorphous).
- Examples of amorphous aluminum hydroxide include an aluminum hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble aluminum compound such as an aluminum salt or an aluminum alkoxide.
- the aluminum source powder may be one type or two or more types.
- the aluminum source powder may contain trace components that are derived from the raw materials or inevitably contained in the production process.
- the aluminum source powder is preferably alumina powder, more preferably ⁇ -type alumina powder.
- the particle size (center particle size, D50) equivalent to a volume-based cumulative percentage of 50% measured by a laser diffraction method is preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- D50 of the aluminum source powder is more preferably 25 to 60 ⁇ m.
- Titanium source powder is a powder of a compound serving as a titanium component constituting the honeycomb structure, for example, a titanium oxide powder.
- Titanium oxide is, for example, titanium (IV) oxide, titanium (III) oxide, or titanium (II) oxide, and preferably titanium (IV) oxide.
- the crystal forms of titanium (IV) oxide are anatase, rutile, and brookite.
- the titanium oxide may be amorphous (amorphous).
- the titanium oxide is more preferably anatase type or rutile type titanium (IV) oxide.
- the titanium source powder may be a powder of a compound that is led to titania (titanium oxide) by firing alone in the air.
- titania titanium oxide
- titanium salt titanium alkoxide, titanium hydroxide, titanium nitride, titanium sulfide, titanium It is a metal.
- titanium salt examples include titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, titanium (IV) sulfide, titanium sulfide (VI), and titanium sulfate (IV).
- Titanium alkoxides include, for example, titanium (IV) ethoxide, titanium (IV) methoxide, titanium (IV) t-butoxide, titanium (IV) isobutoxide, titanium (IV) n-propoxide, titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide, And these chelating products.
- the titanium source powder may be one type or two or more types.
- the titanium source powder may contain a trace component derived from the raw material or unavoidably contained in the production process.
- the titanium source powder is preferably a titanium oxide powder, more preferably a titanium (IV) oxide powder.
- the volume-based cumulative particle diameter (D50) measured by laser diffraction method is preferably 0.1 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the D50 of the titanium source powder is more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m in order to achieve a sufficiently low firing shrinkage rate.
- the titanium source powder may show a bimodal particle size distribution.
- the particle size of the particles forming the peak having the larger particle size measured by the laser diffraction method is preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the mode diameter of the titanium source powder measured by the laser diffraction method is usually 0.1 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the molar ratio of the aluminum source powder in terms of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and the titanium source powder in terms of TiO 2 (titania) in the raw material mixture is preferably 35:65 to 45 : 55, more preferably 40:60 to 45:55.
- titanium source powder excessively with respect to the aluminum source powder, it becomes possible to more effectively reduce the firing shrinkage rate of the molded body of the raw material mixture.
- the raw material mixture used for manufacturing the honeycomb structure can contain a magnesium source powder.
- the obtained aluminum titanate ceramic fired body is a fired body containing aluminum magnesium titanate crystals.
- the magnesium source powder is not only magnesia (magnesium oxide) powder but also a powder of a compound introduced into magnesia by firing alone in air. Such compounds are, for example, magnesium salts, magnesium alkoxides, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium nitride, and metallic magnesium.
- Magnesium salts include, for example, magnesium chloride, magnesium perchlorate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, magnesium oxalate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium acetate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium citrate, magnesium lactate, magnesium stearate, magnesium salicylate , Magnesium myristate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium dimethacrylate, and magnesium benzoate.
- magnesium alkoxide examples include magnesium methoxide and magnesium ethoxide.
- the magnesium source powder a powder of a compound serving both as a magnesium source and an aluminum source can be used.
- a compound is, for example, magnesia spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ).
- the magnesium source powder When using a powder of a compound that serves as both a magnesium source and an aluminum source as the magnesium source powder, it is included in the amount of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) equivalent of the aluminum source powder and a compound powder that serves as both the magnesium source and the aluminum source.
- the molar ratio between the total amount of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) equivalent of the Al component and the amount of TiO 2 (titania) equivalent of the titanium source powder is adjusted to be within the above range in the raw material mixture.
- the magnesium source powder may be one type or two or more types.
- the magnesium source powder may contain trace components that are derived from the raw materials or inevitably contained in the production process.
- the particle size (D50) equivalent to a volume-based cumulative percentage of 50% as measured by a laser diffraction method is preferably 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the D50 of the magnesium source powder is more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of reducing the firing shrinkage of the molded body.
- the content of magnesium source powder in terms of MgO (magnesia) in the raw material mixture is based on the total amount of aluminum source powder in terms of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and titanium source powder in terms of TiO 2 (titania).
- the molar ratio is preferably 0.03 to 0.15, more preferably 0.03 to 0.12.
- the raw material mixture may further contain a silicon source powder.
- the silicon source powder is a powder of a compound that becomes a silicon component and is contained in the aluminum titanate ceramic fired body. By using the silicon source powder in combination, a heat-resistant aluminum titanate ceramic fired body is obtained. Is possible.
- the silicon source powder is, for example, a powder of silicon oxide (silica) such as silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide.
- the silicon source powder may be a powder of a compound led to silica by firing alone in air.
- Such compounds are, for example, silicic acid, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon sulfide, silicon tetrachloride, silicon acetate, sodium silicate, sodium orthosilicate, feldspar, glass frit, preferably feldspar, glass frit, industrial Glass frit is more preferable because it is easily available and has a stable composition.
- Glass frit refers to flakes or powdery glass obtained by pulverizing glass. It is also preferable to use a powder made of a mixture of feldspar and glass frit as the silicon source powder.
- the yield point of the glass frit is 600 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of further improving the thermal decomposition resistance of the obtained aluminum titanate ceramic fired body.
- the yield point of the glass frit is determined by measuring the expansion of the glass frit from a low temperature using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA: Thermo Mechanical Analysis). It is defined as
- a general silicate glass containing silicate [SiO 2 ] as a main component (50 mass% or more in all components) can be used.
- the glass constituting the glass frit includes, as other components, alumina [Al 2 O 3 ], sodium oxide [Na 2 O], potassium oxide [K 2 O], calcium oxide [ CaO], magnesia [MgO] and the like may be included.
- the glass constituting the glass frit may contain ZrO 2 in order to improve the hot water resistance of the glass itself.
- the silicon source powder may be one type or two or more types.
- the silicon source powder may contain a trace component derived from the raw material or inevitably contained in the production process.
- the particle size (D50) equivalent to a 50% cumulative percentage on a volume basis measured by a laser diffraction method is preferably 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the D50 of the silicon source powder is more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m in order to obtain a fired body having higher mechanical strength by further improving the filling factor of the molded body.
- the content of the silicon source powder in the raw material mixture is the sum of the aluminum source powder in terms of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and the titanium source powder in terms of TiO 2 (titania).
- the amount is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass in terms of SiO 2 (silica) with respect to 100 parts by mass.
- a compound containing two or more metal elements among titanium, aluminum, silicon and magnesium as a composite oxide such as magnesia spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) is used as a raw material powder.
- a compound containing two or more metal elements among titanium, aluminum, silicon and magnesium as a composite oxide such as magnesia spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) is used.
- MgAl 2 O 4 magnesia spinel
- Such a compound can be considered to be the same as the raw material in which the respective metal source compounds are mixed. Based on such an idea, the content of the aluminum source, the titanium source, the magnesium source and the silicon source in the raw material mixture is adjusted within the above range.
- the raw material mixture may contain aluminum titanate or aluminum magnesium titanate.
- the aluminum magnesium titanate corresponds to a raw material mixture having a titanium source, an aluminum source, and a magnesium source.
- Aluminum titanate or aluminum magnesium titanate may be prepared from a honeycomb structure obtained by the present production method.
- a powder obtained by pulverizing the damaged honeycomb structure or fragments thereof can be used.
- the powder obtained by pulverization can be aluminum magnesium titanate powder.
- pore-forming agent those formed by a material that disappears at or below the firing temperature at which the molded body is fired in step (c) can be used.
- the hole forming agent disappears due to combustion or the like.
- a space is created at the location where the pore-forming agent was present, and the ceramic powder positioned between the spaces shrinks during firing, thereby providing a communication hole through which the fluid can flow.
- the following first hole forming agent (hereinafter referred to as “hole forming agent A”) can be used to form predetermined communication holes.
- the pore-forming agent A is, for example, corn starch, barley starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, bean starch, rice starch, pea starch, coral starch, or canna starch.
- the DA 50 of the pore forming agent A is preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the DA 10 of the pore-forming agent A is preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the DA 90 of the pore forming agent A is preferably 25 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 25 to 30 ⁇ m.
- DA 10 , DA 50 , and DA 90 are each 10% of the cumulative mass ratio obtained by integrating the masses of the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method from the small particle size to the large particle size, The particle diameter is 50% or 90%.
- the content of the pore forming agent A in the raw material mixture is preferably 1 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ceramic powder.
- the content of the pore-forming agent A is within this range, it becomes easy to prevent the leakage of collected substances (for example, fine particles) while keeping the initial pressure loss low.
- the content of the pore forming agent A is less than 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ceramic powder, the pores formed in the partition wall 120 are reduced, and the pressure loss tends to increase.
- the content of the pore-forming agent A is more than 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ceramic powder, the ratio of pores formed in the partition wall 120 becomes too large, and the leakage of the collected matter is likely to occur. Tend.
- the hole forming agent A can be used in combination with a hole forming agent such as a second hole forming agent (hereinafter referred to as “hole forming agent B”) shown below.
- the particle diameter of the pore forming agent B is preferably larger than the particle diameter of the pore forming agent A.
- the pore-forming agent B is preferably potato starch (potato starch).
- the DB 50 of the pore forming agent B is preferably 30 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 35 to 45 ⁇ m.
- the DB 10 of the pore forming agent B is preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the DB 90 of the pore forming agent B is preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 to 80 ⁇ m. Note that DB 10 , DB 50 , and DB 90 have a cumulative mass ratio of 10% for each particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction method, from particles having a small particle size to particles having a large particle size, The particle diameter is 50% or 90%.
- the average pore diameter can be increased.
- the content of the pore forming agent B in the raw material mixture is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ceramic powder.
- an organic component such as a binder, a plasticizer, a dispersant, and a solvent may be blended in the raw material mixture in addition to the ceramic powder and the hole forming agent described above.
- the binder is, for example, celluloses such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol; salts such as lignin sulfonate; waxes such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax.
- the content of the binder in the raw material mixture is usually 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aluminum source powder, titanium source powder, magnesium source powder and silicon source powder. .
- plasticizer examples include alcohols such as glycerin; higher fatty acids such as caprylic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, alginic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid; stearic acid metal salts such as Al stearate, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers.
- the content of the plasticizer in the raw material mixture is usually 0 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aluminum source powder, titanium source powder, magnesium source powder and silicon source powder. Part.
- the dispersant examples include inorganic acids such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid; organic acids such as oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, and lactic acid; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol; interfaces such as ammonium polycarboxylate It is an activator.
- the content of the dispersant in the raw material mixture is usually 0 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aluminum source powder, titanium source powder, magnesium source powder and silicon source powder. Part.
- the solvent is usually water, and is preferably ion-exchanged water from the viewpoint of few impurities.
- the content of the solvent in the raw material mixture is usually 10 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aluminum source powder, titanium source powder, magnesium source powder and silicon source powder. .
- a ceramic molded body having a predetermined shape having a honeycomb structure is obtained.
- a so-called extrusion molding method in which the raw material mixture is extruded from a die while being kneaded by a single screw extruder can be employed.
- the molded body extruded from the die may seal one end of each flow path (through hole).
- the honeycomb structure 100 can be obtained.
- the flow channel to be sealed may be filled with a mixture similar to the raw material mixture.
- a plasticizer is added as an additive to the raw material mixture, most of the plasticizers can also function as a lubricant to reduce friction between the raw material mixture and the die when the raw material mixture is extruded from the die.
- each plasticizer described above can function as a lubricant.
- degreasing for removing a hole forming agent or the like contained in the molded body (in the raw material mixture) may be performed before firing the molded body. Degreasing is performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 0.1% or less.
- % used as a unit of oxygen concentration means “volume%”.
- an atmosphere examples include an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas and argon gas, a reducing gas atmosphere such as carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, and a vacuum.
- firing may be performed in an atmosphere with a low water vapor partial pressure, or steaming with charcoal may reduce the oxygen concentration.
- the maximum temperature for degreasing is preferably 700 to 1100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the maximum degreasing temperature is preferably 700 to 1100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1000 ° C.
- Degreasing is used for normal firing of tubular electric furnace, box-type electric furnace, tunnel furnace, far-infrared furnace, microwave heating furnace, shaft furnace, reflection furnace, rotary furnace, roller hearth furnace, gas combustion furnace, etc. A similar furnace is used. Degreasing may be performed batchwise or continuously. Moreover, degreasing may be performed by a stationary method or a fluid method.
- the time required for degreasing may be a time sufficient for a part of the organic component contained in the ceramic molded body to disappear, and preferably 90 to 99% by mass of the organic component contained in the ceramic molded body. It is time to disappear. Specifically, although it varies depending on the amount of the raw material mixture, the type of furnace used for degreasing, temperature conditions, atmosphere, etc., the time for keeping at the maximum temperature is usually 1 minute to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 7 hours. is there.
- the ceramic molded body is fired after the above degreasing.
- the firing temperature is usually 1300 ° C. or higher, preferably 1400 ° C. or higher.
- a calcination temperature is 1650 degrees C or less normally, Preferably it is 1550 degrees C or less.
- the rate of temperature increase up to the firing temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 500 ° C./hour.
- the silicon source powder it is preferable to provide a step of holding at a temperature range of 1100 to 1300 ° C. for 3 hours or more before the firing step. Thereby, melting and diffusion of the silicon source powder can be promoted.
- Calcination is preferably performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1 to 6%.
- oxygen concentration is preferably 1% or more because carbide (soot) derived from organic components does not remain in the obtained aluminum titanate-based ceramic fired body.
- the aluminum source powder, titanium source powder, magnesium source powder and silicon source powder it may be fired in an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, or carbon monoxide You may bake in reducing gas, such as gas and hydrogen gas. Further, the firing may be performed in an atmosphere in which the water vapor partial pressure is lowered.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, or carbon monoxide
- reducing gas such as gas and hydrogen gas.
- Firing is usually performed using conventional equipment such as a tubular electric furnace, box-type electric furnace, tunnel furnace, far-infrared furnace, microwave heating furnace, shaft furnace, reflection furnace, rotary furnace, roller hearth furnace, gas combustion furnace, etc. Done. Firing may be performed batchwise or continuously. Moreover, baking may be performed by a stationary type or may be performed by a fluid type.
- the firing time may be a time sufficient for the ceramic molded body to transition to the aluminum titanate-based crystal, and varies depending on the amount of raw material, type of firing furnace, firing temperature, firing atmosphere, etc., but usually 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the honeycomb structure which is an aluminum titanate ceramic fired body can be obtained by sequentially performing the above steps.
- the honeycomb structure has a shape in which the shape of the formed body immediately after forming is substantially maintained, but can be processed into a desired shape by performing a grinding process or the like after firing.
- Example 1 The following were used as the raw material powder.
- Aluminum source powder Aluminum oxide powder ( ⁇ -alumina powder) having a center particle size (D50) of 29 ⁇ m: 38.48 parts by mass
- Titanium source powder Titanium oxide powder having a D50 of 1.0 ⁇ m (rutile crystal) : 41.18 parts by mass
- Magnesium source powder Magnesium oxide powder with D50 of 3.4 ⁇ m: 2.75 parts by mass
- Pore-forming agent wheat flour starch powder
- Pore-forming agent potato starch powder
- volume-based cumulative percentage 50% equivalent particle diameter (D50) in the raw material powder was measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd .: Microtrac HRA (X-100)).
- the content rate of the silicon source powder in the total amount of an aluminum source powder, a titanium source powder, a magnesium source powder, and a silicon source powder was 4.0 mass%.
- a mixture composed of an aluminum source powder, a titanium source powder, a magnesium source powder, a silicon source powder, and a pore-forming agent 5.49 parts by mass of methyl cellulose and 2.methylhydroxycellulose as a binder with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mixture. 35 parts by mass, and 0.40 part by mass of glycerin and 4.64 parts by mass of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene butyl ether as a lubricant were added. Furthermore, after adding 29.03 parts by mass of water as a dispersion medium, extrusion molding was performed using a kneading extruder to form a honeycomb-shaped ceramic molded body (cell density 300 cpsi, cell wall thickness 0.3 mm).
- the molded body was a cylindrical body having a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 50 mm, and was formed so as to have a large number of flow paths (cross-sectional shape: square, cross-sectional inner diameter: 0.6 mm) in the height direction.
- Calcination including a calcination (degreasing) step for removing the binder was performed on the formed body in an air atmosphere to obtain a honeycomb-shaped porous fired body (honeycomb structure).
- the maximum temperature during firing was 1500 ° C., and the holding time at the maximum temperature was 5 hours.
- the obtained honeycomb structure was crushed in a mortar to obtain a powder, and then the diffraction spectrum of the obtained powder was measured by a powder X-ray diffraction method. This powder showed a crystal peak of aluminum magnesium titanate. Indicated.
- Example 2 A honeycomb structure was obtained by performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that the amount of wheat starch powder (pore forming agent) was changed to 16 parts by mass and the amount of potato starch powder (pore forming agent) was changed to 0 part by mass.
- the diffraction spectrum was measured by a powder X-ray diffraction method in the same manner as in Example 1, the powder showed a crystal peak of aluminum magnesium titanate.
- AT conversion rate (%) I AT / (I T + I AT ) ⁇ 100 (1)
- the porosity of the porous body was determined from the obtained cumulative pore volume Vtotal by the following formula (2).
- Porosity (%) 100 ⁇ (1-1 / (1 + V total ⁇ D)) (2)
- D in Formula (2) represents the density (g / cm ⁇ 3 >) of the ceramic body, and calculated the porosity by setting the density of general aluminum titanate to 3.7 g / cm ⁇ 3 > as D.
- a three-dimensional image obtained by X-ray CT measurement is subjected to three-dimensional quantitative analysis under the conditions of a pixel number of 512 ⁇ 512 pixels, a visual field size of 0.8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 mmh, and a resolution of 1.5 ⁇ m / pixel. Book).
- the number of communication holes is determined by three-dimensional quantitative analysis of a three-dimensional image acquired by X-ray CT measurement under the conditions of a pixel number of 307 ⁇ 307 pixels, a field size of 0.8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 mmh, and a resolution of 2.5 ⁇ m / pixel.
- Y (book) was calculated.
- FIG. 3A A hollow piece (see FIG. 3A) used for pressure loss measurement was cut out from the honeycomb structure.
- the hollow piece was a columnar hollow piece having a cross-shaped cross section. That is, a hollow piece was cut into a shape including one cell included in the honeycomb structure and cell walls surrounding four sides of the cell (that is, cell walls partitioning adjacent cells).
- the hollow piece has a through hole (cell) penetrating the hollow piece in the length direction of the hollow piece.
- the thickness of the cell wall was 0.2 to 0.4 mm, and the cross-sectional shape of the through hole was a square of 0.5 to 0.7 mm in length and width.
- the length of the hollow piece was 30 to 45 mm.
- measuring method In the collection efficiency measurement, first, one open end of the through hole of the hollow piece was sealed with an epoxy resin to produce a test piece having a flow path inside. Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), after placing the test piece in the plastic case, the open end of the flow path in the test piece is made of a carbon generator (DNP-2000 PALAS; carbon particle (soot)). The average particle size was 60 nm) and a leakage test was performed. 180 minutes after carbon particles generated from the carbon generator began to pass through the flow path of the test piece using a diluter (MD-19-1E, manufactured by Matter) and a measuring instrument (EEPS-3000, manufactured by TSI). The number concentration of carbon particles after 2 seconds was measured. In addition, it has shown that the collection performance as a particulate filter is so high that the number density
- a gradient G calculated as follows was used. First, the gas flow rate u (ms ⁇ 1 ) passing through the cell wall at each flow rate was calculated from the dimensional area. Next, after plotting the differential pressure value ⁇ P / u against the gas flow rate u to obtain a straight line, the gradient G (kPa / (ms ⁇ 1 )) of the obtained straight line was calculated. That is, the lower the value of the gradient G, the lower the pressure loss before and after the test piece, and the higher the filter performance.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of pore distribution, X-ray CT, collection efficiency, and pressure loss.
- FIG. 4 shows an image obtained by X-ray CT measurement. 4A is an image of the test piece of Example 1, FIG. 4B is an image of the test piece of Example 2, and FIG. 4C is an image of the test piece of Comparative Example 1. It is.
- the honeycomb structure according to the present invention can be used as a filter for purifying exhaust gas exhausted from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. Moreover, the honeycomb structure according to the present invention can also be used in an aftertreatment device for exhaust gas discharged from an incinerator, an oil refining facility, an external combustion engine, or the like.
- 100 honeycomb structure, 110a, 110b ... flow path, 120 ... partition wall, 122 ... communication hole.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態に係るハニカム構造体を示す斜視図であり、図2は、図1のII-II矢視図である。ハニカム構造体100は、図1,2に示すように、互いに略平行に配置された複数の流路110a,110bを有する円柱体である。流路110a,110bは、ハニカム構造体100の中心軸に略平行に伸びる隔壁120により仕切られている。ハニカム構造体100に形成された複数の流路のうちの一部を構成する流路110aの一端は、ハニカム構造体100の一端面100aにおいて封口部130により封口されており、流路110aの他端は、ハニカム構造体100の他端面100bにおいて開口している。一方、ハニカム構造体100に形成された複数の流路のうちの残部を構成する流路110bの一端は、一端面100aにおいて開口しており、流路110bの他端は、他端面100bにおいて封口部130により封口されている。ハニカム構造体100において、流路110bの一端はガス流入口として開口しており、流路110aの他端はガス流出口として開口している。
チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム : 85~99質量%
アルミノケイ酸塩 : 1~5質量%
酸化アルミニウム : 5質量%以下(0~5質量%)
二酸化チタン : 5質量%以下(0~5質量%)
ハニカム構造体の製造方法は、通常、下記工程(a)、(b)及び(c)を有する。
(a)セラミックス粉末と孔形成剤を含む原料混合物を調製する。
(b)原料混合物を成形して成形体を得る。
(c)成形体を焼成してハニカム構造体を得る。
ハニカム構造体の製造方法では、工程(c)で得られるハニカム構造体においてY/Xが0.58以上となるように、工程(a)~(c)において原料の粒子径、孔形成剤の添加量、孔形成剤の種類、焼成条件を調整する。
工程(a)では、セラミックス粉末と孔形成剤とを混合した後に混練して原料混合物を調製する。原料混合物には、セラミックス粉末と孔形成剤の他、種々の添加剤が混合されていてもよい。添加剤は、例えばバインダ、可塑剤、分散剤、溶媒である。
アルミニウム源粉末は、ハニカム構造体を構成するアルミニウム成分となる化合物の粉末である。アルミニウム源粉末としては、例えば、アルミナ(酸化アルミニウム)の粉末が挙げられる。アルミナの結晶型としては、γ型、δ型、θ型、α型等が挙げられ、不定形(アモルファス)であってもよい。アルミナの結晶型は、α型が好ましい。
チタン源粉末は、ハニカム構造体を構成するチタン成分となる化合物の粉末であり、例えば酸化チタンの粉末である。酸化チタンは、例えば、酸化チタン(IV)、酸化チタン(III)、酸化チタン(II)であり、好ましくは酸化チタン(IV)である。酸化チタン(IV)の結晶型は、アナターゼ型、ルチル型、ブルッカイト型である。酸化チタンは不定形(アモルファス)であってもよい。酸化チタンは、より好ましくはアナターゼ型やルチル型の酸化チタン(IV)である。
ハニカム構造体の製造に使用する原料混合物は、マグネシウム源粉末を含有することができる。原料混合物がマグネシウム源粉末を含む場合、得られるチタン酸アルミニウム系セラミックス焼成体は、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム結晶を含む焼成体である。マグネシウム源粉末は、マグネシア(酸化マグネシウム)の粉末のほか、単独で空気中で焼成することによりマグネシアに導かれる化合物の粉末である。このような化合物は、例えば、マグネシウム塩、マグネシウムアルコキシド、水酸化マグネシウム、窒化マグネシウム、金属マグネシウムである。
原料混合物は、ケイ素源粉末を更に含有していてもよい。ケイ素源粉末は、シリコン成分となってチタン酸アルミニウム系セラミックス焼成体に含まれる化合物の粉末であり、ケイ素源粉末の併用により、耐熱性がより向上されたチタン酸アルミニウム系セラミックス焼成体を得ることが可能となる。ケイ素源粉末は、例えば、二酸化ケイ素、一酸化ケイ素等の酸化ケイ素(シリカ)の粉末である。
孔形成剤としては、工程(c)において成形体を焼成する焼成温度以下で消失する素材によって形成されたものを使用することができる。脱脂や焼成において、孔形成剤を含有する成形体が加熱されると、孔形成剤は燃焼等によって消滅する。これにより、孔形成剤が存在していた箇所に空間ができると共に、この空間同士の間に位置するセラミックス粉末が焼成の際に収縮することにより、流体を流すことができる連通孔をハニカム構造体の隔壁120内に形成することができる。
工程(b)では、ハニカム構造を有する所定形状のセラミックス成形体を得る。工程(b)では、例えば、一軸押出機により原料混合物を混練しながらダイから押出す、いわゆる押出成形法を採用することができる。
工程(c)では、成形体の焼成前に、成形体中(原料混合物中)に含まれる孔形成剤等を除去するための脱脂(仮焼)が行われてもよい。脱脂は、酸素濃度0.1%以下の雰囲気下で行われる。
原料粉末として以下のものを用いた。
(1)アルミニウム源粉末
中心粒径(D50)が29μmの酸化アルミニウム粉末(α-アルミナ粉末):38.48質量部
(2)チタン源粉末
D50が1.0μmの酸化チタン粉末(ルチル型結晶):41.18質量部
(3)マグネシウム源粉末
D50が3.4μmの酸化マグネシウム粉末:2.75質量部
(4)ケイ素源粉末
D50が8.5μmのガラスフリット(屈伏点:642℃):3.29質量部
(5)孔形成剤(小麦粉デンプン粉末):6質量部
孔形成剤(馬鈴薯デンプン粉末):10質量部
小麦粉デンプン粉末(孔形成剤)の量を16質量部、馬鈴薯デンプン粉末(孔形成剤)の量を0質量部に変更した以外、実施例1と同じ操作を行ってハニカム構造体を得た。実施例1と同様に回折スペクトルを粉末X線回折法により測定したところ、粉末は、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの結晶ピークを示した。
市販のチタン酸アルミニウム系DPF(Diesel particulate filter)をハニカム構造体として用いた。
(1)AT化率
実施例1,2のハニカム構造体についてチタン酸アルミニウム化率(AT化率)を測定したところ、実施例1のAT化率は100%であり、実施例2のAT化率は100%であった。
AT化率(%)=IAT/(IT+IAT)×100 ・・・(1)
実施例1,2及び比較例1のハニカム構造体について、細孔分布を以下の条件で測定した。まず、0.4gのハニカム構造体を砕き、得られた約2mm角の小片を120℃、4時間、空気中で電気炉を用いて乾燥させた。そして、水銀圧入法により、0.005~200.0μmの範囲で細孔直径を測定し、累積細孔容積Vtotal(ml/g)及び平均細孔直径(μm)を求めた。測定装置には、Micromeritics社製の「オートポアIII9420」を用いた。
気孔率(%)=100×(1-1/(1+Vtotal×D)) ・・・(2)
なお、式(2)中のDは、セラミックス体の密度(g/cm3)を表し、一般的なチタン酸アルミニウムの密度3.7g/cm3をDとして気孔率を算出した。
実施例1,2及び比較例1のハニカム構造体の隔壁から試験片を切り出し、当該試験片を測定サンプルとしてX線CT測定を以下の測定条件で行った。なお、試験片のサイズは、1.0mm×2.0mm×0.3mmであった。
(測定条件)
a)使用装置:三次元計測X線CT装置 TDM1000-IS/SP(ヤマト科学製)
b)管電圧:60kV
c)管電流:50μA
d)画素数:512×512pixel
e)視野サイズ:0.8mmφ×0.8mmh(高さ)
f)解像度:1.5μm/pixel
実施例1,2及び比較例1のハニカム構造体について、捕集効率(すす漏れ)を以下のとおり測定した。
圧力損失測定に用いる中空片(図3(a)参照)をハニカム構造体から切り出した。中空片は、図3(a)に示すように、井桁状の断面を有する柱状の中空片であった。すなわち、ハニカム構造体が有する1つのセルと、そのセルの四方を囲むセル壁(つまり、隣接していたセル間を仕切るセル壁)とを含んだ形状に中空片を切り出した。中空片は、当該中空片の長さ方向に中空片を貫通する貫通穴(セル)を有している。セル壁の厚みは0.2~0.4mmであり、貫通穴の断面形状は、縦横それぞれ0.5~0.7mmの正方形であった。中空片の長さは、30~45mmであった。
捕集効率測定では、まず、上記中空片の貫通穴の一方の開口端をエポキシ樹脂により封止して、内部に流路を有する試験片を作製した。次に、図3(b)に示すように、プラスチックケース内に試験片を配置した後、試験片における流路の開口端をカーボン発生器(DNP-2000 PALAS社製;カーボン粒子(スス)の平均粒径60nm)に接続し、漏れ試験を実施した。希釈器(MD-19-1E,Matter社製)、計測器(EEPS-3000,TSI社製)を用いて、カーボン発生器から発生したカーボン粒子が試験片の流路内を通過し始めてから180秒後のカーボン粒子の個数濃度を計測した。なお、試験片を通過した後のカーボン粒子の個数濃度が低いほど、パティキュレートフィルタとしての捕集性能が高いことを示している。
実施例1,2及び比較例1のハニカム構造体について、圧力損失を以下のとおり測定した。
圧力測定では、まず、(4)捕集効率の測定と同様にカーボン粒子を堆積させた試験片を準備した。次に、図3(c)に示すように、流路の開口端を減圧弁や計量調節器を介して計装空気の供給源に接続した。そして、計装空気(圧力値:1MPa)を250ml/分、500ml/分、750ml/分、950ml/分の各流量値で試験片内へ流入させた時の圧力値と大気圧値の差分(差圧:ΔP(kPa))をマノメーターにより求めた。
圧力損失を示す指標として、以下のようにして算出される勾配Gを用いた。まず、各流量時におけるセル壁を通過するガス流速u(ms-1)を寸法面積より算出した。次に、ガス流速uに対する差圧値ΔP/uをプロットして直線を得た後、得られた直線の勾配G(kPa/(ms-1))を算出した。すなわち、勾配Gの値が低いほど試験片の前後の圧力損失が低く、フィルタ性能が高いことを表している。
Claims (7)
- 隔壁により仕切られた互いに略平行な複数の流路を有するハニカム構造体であって、
X線CT測定により取得される前記隔壁の画像において、当該画像の解像度が1.5μm/pixelである場合に検出される連通孔の数をXとし、前記画像の解像度が2.5μm/pixelである場合に検出される連通孔の数をYとしたときに、Y/Xが0.58以上である、ハニカム構造体。 - 前記隔壁の気孔率が30~70体積%である、請求項1に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記隔壁の平均気孔径が5~25μmである、請求項1又は2に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記隔壁がチタン酸アルミニウムを含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記隔壁におけるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの含有量が85~99質量%であり、アルミノケイ酸塩の含有量が1~5質量%であり、酸化アルミニウムの含有量が5質量%以下であり、二酸化チタンの含有量が5質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記隔壁の平均厚みが0.1~0.5mmである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記複数の流路のうちの一部の一端及び前記複数の流路のうちの残部の他端が封口されている、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
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EP12764509.1A EP2703371A4 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-09 | hONEYCOMB STRUCTURE |
BR112013025019A BR112013025019A2 (pt) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-09 | estrutura de favo de mel |
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JP2019118857A (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
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JP5491558B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-05-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
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JP6502133B2 (ja) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-04-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多孔質体、ハニカムフィルタ、多孔質体の製造方法、及びハニカムフィルタの製造方法 |
JP6242730B2 (ja) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-12-06 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微構造解析方法、そのプログラム及び微構造解析装置 |
FR3036626B1 (fr) | 2015-05-29 | 2019-12-20 | Technologies Avancees Et Membranes Industrielles | Element de separation avec un reseau tridimensionnel de circulation pour le milieu fluide a traiter |
KR101867171B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-07-23 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 허니컴 구조체의 제조방법 |
FR3060410B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-05-24 | Technologies Avancees Et Membranes Industrielles | Element de separation par flux tangentiel integrant des canaux flexueux |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112013025019A2 (pt) | 2017-01-10 |
ZA201307508B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
JP2012214365A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
CN103443053A (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
KR20140009443A (ko) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2703371A4 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
MX2013011320A (es) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2703371A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
US20140208706A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
JP5491558B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
US20140065350A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
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