WO2012128229A1 - 二元冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
二元冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012128229A1 WO2012128229A1 PCT/JP2012/056929 JP2012056929W WO2012128229A1 WO 2012128229 A1 WO2012128229 A1 WO 2012128229A1 JP 2012056929 W JP2012056929 W JP 2012056929W WO 2012128229 A1 WO2012128229 A1 WO 2012128229A1
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- temperature side
- high temperature
- low
- refrigeration cycle
- compressor
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02742—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
- F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to a dual refrigeration cycle apparatus including a high temperature side refrigeration circuit and a low temperature side refrigeration circuit.
- a high-temperature side refrigeration circuit and a low-temperature side refrigeration circuit are provided, the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit and the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit share one cascade heat exchanger (intermediate heat exchanger), and the refrigerant circulating in the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit,
- There is a binary refrigeration cycle apparatus that obtains a high compression ratio by exchanging heat with a refrigerant circulating in the side refrigeration circuit using a cascade heat exchanger.
- the high temperature side refrigerant used in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit has a higher boiling point than the low temperature side refrigerant used in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit.
- the low temperature side refrigerant is a refrigerant having a lower boiling point and a higher pressure than the high temperature side refrigerant. Therefore, the saturated gas density at the same temperature is lower in the high temperature side refrigerant than in the low temperature side refrigerant.
- the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present embodiment includes a high temperature side compressor, a high temperature side condenser, a high temperature side expansion device, and a cascade heat exchanger that communicate with each other via a refrigerant pipe, a low temperature side compressor, A cascade heat exchanger, a low-temperature side expansion device, and an air heat exchanger are mounted in the same casing with a low-temperature side refrigeration circuit communicating with each other via a refrigerant pipe.
- the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus connects at least one of the high temperature side compressor of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit and the low temperature side compressor of the low temperature side refrigeration circuit to an inverter device, and the high temperature side Control means is provided for controlling the inverter device such that the set operating frequency of the side compressor is higher than the set operating frequency of the low temperature side compressor.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle of a binary refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic temperature-specific enthalpy diagram of the high temperature side refrigerant and the low temperature side refrigerant from immediately after the start of the refrigeration cycle operation to the stable operation state through the intermediate period according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic temperature-specific enthalpy diagram of the high temperature side refrigerant and the low temperature side refrigerant from immediately after the start of the refrigeration cycle operation to the stable operation state through the intermediate period according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic temperature-specific enthalpy diagram of the high temperature side refrigerant and the low temperature side refrigerant from immediately after the start of the refrigeration cycle operation to the stable operation state through the intermediate period according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic temperature-specific enthalpy diagram of the high-temperature side refrigerant and the low-temperature side refrigerant from immediately after the start of the refrigeration cycle operation to the stable operation state through the intermediate period according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigeration cycle configuration diagram of a dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 used as a hot water supply system in the first embodiment.
- a dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 used as a hot water supply system includes a high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101, a low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102, a hot water pipe 103, a control unit (control means) 104, and the same housing 105. Consists of
- the discharge part 51 of the high temperature side compressor 1 and the first port d1 of the four-way switching valve 2 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 106, and water is connected to the second port d2 of the four-way switching valve 2.
- the primary side flow path 3 a of the heat exchanger 3 is connected via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the third port d3 of the four-way switching valve 2 is connected to the primary flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the fourth port d4 of the four-way switching valve 2 is connected to the suction portion 52 of the high temperature side compressor 1 via the high temperature side accumulator 5 via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the primary side flow path 3a of the water heat exchanger 3 is connected to the primary side flow path of the cascade heat exchanger 4 via a refrigerant pipe 106 provided with a high temperature side receiver 6 and a high temperature side expansion device 7 in series. Connected to 4a.
- the high temperature side compressor 1 is electrically connected to a commercial AC power source 9 via a high temperature side inverter device 8. Therefore, the high temperature side compressor 1 is driven at a variable speed by inverter control with a variable operating frequency.
- the high temperature side compressor 1 is different from a constant speed compressor whose operating frequency depends on the power supply frequency.
- the discharge portion 53 of the low temperature side compressor 10 and the first port d1 of the four-way switching valve 11 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 106, and the second port d2 of the four-way switching valve 11 is connected to the second port d2.
- the secondary side flow path 4 b of the cascade heat exchanger 4 is connected via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the third port d3 of the four-way switching valve 11 is connected to the air heat exchanger 12 via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the fourth port d4 of the four-way switching valve 11 is connected to the suction portion 54 of the high temperature side compressor 1 via the low temperature side accumulator 13 via the refrigerant pipe 106.
- the secondary side flow path 4b of the cascade heat exchanger 4 is connected to the air heat exchanger 12 via a refrigerant pipe 106 provided with a low temperature side receiver 14 and a low temperature side expansion device 15 in series.
- a blower fan 107 is disposed facing the air heat exchanger 12.
- the low temperature side compressor 10 is electrically connected to a commercial AC power source 9 via a low temperature side inverter device 16. Therefore, the low temperature side compressor 10 is driven at a variable speed by inverter control with a variable operating frequency.
- the low temperature side compressor 10 is different from a constant speed compressor whose operating frequency depends on the power supply frequency.
- One end of the hot water pipe 103 is connected to a water supply source, a hot water storage tank or a suction side of a condensate side (return side) buffer tank, and the other end is connected to a hot water storage tank, a hot water tap or an outgoing side (use side) buffer tank. Connected to.
- a water transport pump 18 and a secondary flow path 3b piped in the water heat exchanger 3 are provided in the middle part of the hot water pipe 103. Therefore, the water or hot water guided to the hot water pipe 103 exchanges heat with the refrigerant guided to the primary side flow path 3 a in the secondary side flow path 3 b of the water heat exchanger 3.
- the control unit 104 is provided on the temperature sensor 20a, 20b and pressure sensor 21a, 21b provided on the discharge unit 51, 53 side of the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10, and on the suction unit 52, 54 side. Detection signals from the temperature sensors 22a and 22b and the pressure sensors 23a and 23b are received every predetermined time.
- control unit 104 receives detection signals from the water temperature sensor 25 provided on the inlet side of the secondary flow path 3b of the water heat exchanger 3 in the hot water pipe 103, and the water temperature sensor 26 and the flow rate sensor provided on the outlet side. Receive at predetermined time intervals. The control unit 104 also receives detection signals from the temperature sensor provided in the cascade heat exchanger 4 and the temperature sensor 27 provided in the air heat exchanger 12.
- control unit 104 receives an instruction signal from the remote controller.
- the detection signals received from these sensors and the remote controller are calculated and compared with a stored reference value. Then, the operating frequencies of the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 are set and controlled, and the opening and closing and the throttle amount of the high temperature side expansion device 7 and the low temperature side expansion device 15 are controlled.
- the control unit 104 having received the instruction to start the refrigeration cycle operation (heating operation mode) of the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 configured as described above will be described later with respect to the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102. In this way, the refrigerant is guided and circulated.
- the control unit 104 supplies the refrigerant compressed and discharged by the high temperature side compressor 1 to the four-way switching valve 2, the primary flow path 3 a of the water heat exchanger 3, and the high temperature side receiver 6.
- the high-temperature side expansion device 7, the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4, the four-way switching valve 2, the high-temperature side accumulator 5, and the high-temperature side compressor 1 are led in order and circulated.
- the primary side flow path 3a of the water heat exchanger 3 acts as a condenser
- the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 acts as an evaporator
- the control unit 104 supplies the refrigerant compressed and discharged by the low temperature side compressor 10 to the four-way switching valve 11, the secondary flow path 4 b of the cascade heat exchanger 4, and the low temperature side receiver 14.
- the low temperature side expansion device 15, the air heat exchanger 12, the four-way switching valve 11, the low temperature side accumulator 13, and the low temperature side compressor 10 are led and circulated in this order.
- the secondary side flow path 4b of the cascade heat exchanger 4 acts as a condenser, and the air heat exchanger 12 acts as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant condenses in the secondary flow path 4b on the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 side to release the condensation heat, and the refrigerant condenses in the primary flow path 4a on the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 side. Evaporates while absorbing heat.
- the difference between the evaporation temperature in the air heat exchanger 12 and the condensation temperature in the water heat exchanger 3 increases as the entire binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, and a high compression ratio is obtained.
- Water or hot water led to the hot water pipe 103 is condensed at a high temperature from the primary side flow path 3a of the water heat exchanger 3 which performs a condensing action in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 in the secondary side flow path 3b of the water heat exchanger 3. Absorbs heat and increases temperature efficiently.
- the water or hot water led from the water supply source, the hot water storage tank or the condensate side (return side) buffer tank is changed to hot water having a high temperature. It circulates so as to be guided to a hot water storage tank or a buffer tank on the outgoing side (use side). Alternatively, the hot water is directly supplied from the water heat exchanger 3 to the hot water tap.
- the air heat exchanger 12 performs the refrigerant evaporating action in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102, so that the condensed water generated here is frozen and frosted. And may adhere as it is.
- the thickness of frost increases with the passage of time, and the heat exchange efficiency in the air heat exchanger 12 decreases.
- the control unit 104 receives a detection signal from the temperature sensor 27 attached to the air heat exchanger 12 and receives a detection signal from other sensors to determine the necessity of the defrosting operation for the air heat exchanger 12. . As a result, the mode is switched to the defrosting operation mode, and the control unit 104 performs the control described below.
- control unit 104 controls the four-way switching valve 2 of the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the four-way switching valve 11 of the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 simultaneously.
- the refrigerant circulates in the direction opposite to that in the refrigeration cycle operation described above.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the low-temperature side compressor 10 is led to the air heat exchanger 12 through the four-way switching valve 11 and releases high heat. Therefore, the frost adhering to the air heat exchanger 12 is gradually melted and dripped as drain water, and the thickness of the frost decreases with time. That is, a defrosting action is performed.
- the above-described binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 Since the above-described binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is applied to a hot water supply system, it includes a water heat exchanger 3, and a primary side flow path 3 a of the water heat exchanger 3 is connected to a high temperature side condenser in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101. As described above, heat is exchanged with water or warm water guided to the secondary flow path 3b. Furthermore, the two-stage refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes an air heat exchanger 12 and performs heat exchange between the low-temperature side refrigerant and the air as a low-temperature side evaporator in the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102.
- the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is not limited to the hot water supply system, is configured according to the application destination, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 are provided with the receivers 6 and 14 and the accumulators 5 and 13, respectively, but may be removed if unnecessary depending on use conditions. Similarly, if there is no need to reverse the refrigeration circuits 101 and 102, either one or both of the four-way switching valves 2 and 11 can be removed.
- both the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 are connected to the inverter devices 8 and 16 and the inverter drive is capable of adjusting the operation frequency, the invention is not limited to this. Either one of the compressor 1 and the compressor 10 has no problem even if a configuration of a constant speed compressor whose rotation speed depends on the power supply frequency is adopted.
- the refrigerant used in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 is the same as the refrigerant used in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102, but has a low saturated gas density and low pressure at the same temperature.
- the “R134a” refrigerant shown in the following [Table 1] is selected as the high temperature side refrigerant of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101.
- “R410A” refrigerant was selected as the low temperature side refrigerant of the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102.
- the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 use different temperature ranges, and therefore have different condensation temperatures and evaporation temperatures.
- the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel is different between the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102, and a dedicated container must be designed respectively. It leads to cost increase.
- the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 becomes a higher temperature region in the actual use temperature region as described above, and accordingly, the refrigerant density increases.
- the heating capacity is represented by the product of the refrigerant heating enthalpy difference and the mass flow rate
- the mass flow rate is represented by the product of the suction refrigerant density of the compressor, the compressor displacement volume, and the rotation speed of the compressor (actual In addition, volume efficiency and leakage loss are taken into account, but theoretically, it is expressed by the above-mentioned formula).
- the low temperature side compressor 10 is replaced with the high temperature side compressor 1 to maximize the compression capacity. It is necessary to turn at a higher speed than. For that purpose, it is necessary to optimally design the motor for high speed or to use a large compressor, which leads to cost increase in any case.
- the “R134a” refrigerant is used as the high temperature side refrigerant and the “R410A” refrigerant is used as the low temperature side refrigerant.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- 2A to 2C are schematic temperature-specific enthalpy diagrams of the high-temperature side refrigerant and the low-temperature side refrigerant from immediately after the start of the refrigeration cycle operation to the stable operation state through the intermediate period.
- the high temperature side refrigerant on the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 side (R134a: indicated by a broken line) and the low temperature side refrigerant on the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 side (R410A: indicated by a solid line).
- the high-temperature side refrigerant has a lower saturated gas density than the low-temperature side refrigerant.
- both the low temperature side refrigerant and the high temperature side refrigerant change as shown in FIG. 2B in the intermediate period when a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of activation, and the state shown in FIG. 2C is reached in the stable period.
- the mass flow rate of the low-temperature side refrigerant is higher than that of the high-temperature side refrigerant in the intermediate period.
- the low-temperature side refrigerant cannot radiate heat, and the high-pressure side pressure in the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 excessively rises as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2B. If the protection device detects this, the refrigeration cycle operation is stopped.
- both the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 are connected to the inverter devices 8 and 16 and controlled by the inverter.
- the control unit 104 controls the setting operation frequency of the low temperature side compressor 10 to be low and the setting operation frequency of the high temperature side compressor 1 to be higher than that of the low temperature side compressor 10. Make.
- the mass flow rate of the high-temperature side refrigerant is higher than that of the low-temperature side refrigerant, and the shortage of evaporation capability in the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 immediately after startup is resolved.
- the excessive increase in the high-pressure side pressure in the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 is suppressed, and the original state of the low-temperature side refrigerant indicated by the solid line in FIG. 2B is reached, and the stable period of FIG. 2C is reached.
- the protective device does not act and stable refrigeration cycle operation is performed.
- control described above is performed only in the heating operation mode, which is a normal refrigeration cycle operation, and is not performed in the defrosting operation mode.
- the defrosting operation mode it is desirable to determine the starting rotational speeds of the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 according to the temperature of water or hot water led to the hot water pipe 103.
- the condensation temperature in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 is about 5 to 15 ° C.
- the condensing temperature in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 can vary greatly depending on the temperature of water or hot water introduced into the hot water pipe 103.
- the evaporation temperature in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 is expected to be about 60 to 70 ° C.
- the condensation temperature is expected to be at least about 70 to 80 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature of the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 is about 0 to 5 ° C.
- the setting operation frequency of the high temperature side compressor 1 is controlled to be higher than the setting operation frequency of the low temperature side compressor 10 at the start of the defrosting operation, the high pressure side pressure of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 becomes excessively high and abnormally stops. There is a fear. Therefore, it is better to use the start control of the control unit 104 described above only in the heating operation mode.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 applied to the air conditioner according to the second embodiment.
- the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 is applied as it is without any change, and the inverter device 16 is connected to the low temperature side compressor 10 without change. From the point applied to the air conditioner, in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101, an air heat exchanger 30 and a fan 110 are provided, and a temperature sensor 31 for detecting this temperature is attached.
- the high temperature side compressor 1 used in the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 uses a constant speed compressor 1A whose operating frequency depends on the power supply frequency.
- the high temperature side compressor 1A is operated at a constant speed, and the control unit 104 performs inverter control of the low temperature side compressor 10 to set and control an operation frequency lower than that of the high temperature side compressor 1A.
- the high temperature side compressor 1A may be inverter-controlled, and the low temperature side compressor 10 may be a constant speed compressor.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 applied to the hot water supply system according to the third embodiment. Basically, it is the same as the refrigeration cycle configuration in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and a new description is omitted.
- the high temperature side expansion and the high temperature side expansion from the high temperature side compressor 1 to the high temperature side expansion device 7 via the primary side flow path 3a of the water heat exchanger 3 and the high temperature side receiver 6 are performed.
- a bypass circuit 123 that communicates the primary side flow path 4 a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 from the device 7 and the low pressure piping system 122 that reaches the high temperature side compressor 1 via the high temperature side accumulator 5 is provided.
- one end portion of the bypass pipe 33 constituting the bypass circuit 123 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 106 communicating with the second port d2 of the high temperature side four-way switching valve 2 and the primary flow path 3a of the water heat exchanger 3. Is done.
- the other end of the bypass pipe 33 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 106 that communicates the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 and the third port d3 of the four-way switching valve 2.
- the bypass pipe 33 is provided with an open / close valve (open / close device) 34, and is controlled to be opened and closed by the control unit 104.
- the control unit 104 performs the control as described above, performs the refrigeration cycle operation (heating operation mode) as described above, and functions as a hot water supply system.
- the defrosting operation mode is the same, and the open / close valve 34 of the bypass circuit 123 is controlled to be closed during any operation.
- control unit 104 controls the opening and closing of the on-off valve 34 of the bypass circuit 123, starts the low-temperature side compressor 10, and then controls the high-temperature side compressor 1 to start.
- the same control is performed at the start of the refrigeration cycle operation when the outside air temperature is extremely low.
- both the high-temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 are switched to the reverse cycle when the respective four-way switching valves 2 and 11 are in the refrigeration cycle operation (heating operation mode).
- the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 constituting the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 acts as an evaporator during the refrigeration cycle operation, and acts as a condenser during the defrost operation.
- the four-way switching valves 2 and 11 are simply switched from the defrosting operation mode to start the refrigeration cycle operation.
- the refrigeration cycle operation is started under conditions where the outside air temperature is extremely low. Liquid refrigerant exceeding the gas-liquid separation capability of the high temperature side accumulator 5 is sucked into the high temperature side compressor 1 from the primary side flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4, and a problem due to liquid back occurs.
- control unit 104 controls to open the on-off valve 34 of the bypass circuit 123 as described above. .
- the control part 104 drive-controls the low temperature side compressor 10, after switching each four-way switching valve 2 and 11 to a normal refrigerating-cycle driving
- the refrigerant circulates in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102, and the high temperature and high pressure gas refrigerant condenses in the secondary side flow path 4 b of the cascade heat exchanger 4. This condensed heat is absorbed by the primary flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4, and the liquid refrigerant that has fallen into the heat is heated and evaporated.
- the evaporated refrigerant is guided to the high pressure piping system 121 of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 via the bypass circuit 123.
- control unit 104 closes the on-off valve 34 of the bypass circuit 123 and controls to start the operation of the high temperature side compressor 1.
- a pressure value or a pressure change amount (deviation) measured by the pressure sensor 21a or 23a of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 is used. Since the on-off valve 34 in the bypass circuit 123 of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 is open until the operation of the high temperature side compressor 1 is started, the pressure of any pressure sensor may be measured.
- the value of the high-pressure side pressure (discharge pressure of the low-temperature side compressor 10) measured by the pressure sensor 21b of the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 or the amount of change in the high-pressure side pressure may be used.
- the possibility that the side compressor 10 will stop abnormally can be reduced.
- a start time difference between the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 may be determined by a test, and start control may be performed using the difference.
- both the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 are started at the set operation frequency at the start of the refrigeration cycle operation.
- the control unit 104 controls to keep the operating frequency constant until a predetermined time elapses.
- both the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 are operated while maintaining the same operation frequency as the set operation frequency for a certain period of time, so that the lubricating oil collected in each of the compressors 1 and 10 can be obtained. Stabilization of the surface can be obtained and the reliability of the compressor can be improved.
- control unit 104 controls the start of the high temperature side compressor 1 when a predetermined time has elapsed after the start control of the low temperature side compressor 10.
- the predetermined time value is obtained by repeating various tests. When the predetermined time has elapsed, it is determined that the high temperature side refrigerant in the primary flow path 4a of the cascade heat exchanger 4 has evaporated to some extent, and the amount of liquid back to the high temperature side compressor 1 has become less than a specified value. .
- control unit 104 controls the high temperature side compressor 1 to be started when a predetermined time continues after the low temperature side compressor 10 is started. If the control unit 104 detects that the high-pressure side pressure of the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 (discharge pressure of the low-temperature side compressor 10) is equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure even before a predetermined time, the control unit 104 Start control of the compressor 1 is performed.
- the high pressure side pressure of the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 is controlled to prevent the high pressure side pressure from becoming abnormally high and stopping.
- the amount of change in the high pressure side pressure may be used.
- the high pressure side pressure of the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 gradually increases at a predetermined rate.
- the rate of increase in the high-pressure side pressure in the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 increases rapidly. Therefore, the operation of the high temperature side compressor 1 is started when the rate of increase in the high pressure side pressure in the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 for a predetermined time becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- control unit 104 controls the high temperature side compressor 1 to start when a predetermined time continues after starting the low temperature side compressor 10, but the pressure of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 is controlled even before the predetermined time. Is detected, the high temperature side compressor 1 is controlled to start. In this way, it can be prevented that the high-pressure side pressure of the low-temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 becomes abnormally high and stops.
- the pressure of the high temperature side freezing circuit 101 may replace with the value of the pressure of the high temperature side freezing circuit 101, and may use the variation
- the operation of the high temperature side compressor 1 is started when the rate of the pressure increase of the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 in a predetermined time becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle of a linked binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 applied to a hot water supply system according to a fourth embodiment.
- This two-part refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body 200 connects a plurality of (two) the two-stage refrigeration cycle apparatuses 100 in the first embodiment described above in series along the hot water pipe 103 so that the same casing is used. It is configured to be housed in the body 201.
- the component parts of each binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given and a new description is omitted.
- this two-way refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body 200 when a plurality of two-way refrigeration cycle apparatuses 100 are started simultaneously at the start of the refrigeration cycle operation, an inrush current flows through the inverter devices 8 and 16 and temporarily increases. End up. In some cases, there is a concern that the power supply capacity of the facility may be exceeded, causing damage to the power cable or equipment.
- control unit (control means) 202 provided in the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body 200 delays each binary refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 every predetermined time, and sequentially controls starting. As a result, an increase in current due to the inrush current can be suppressed, and the reliability of the two-part refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body 200 that is a device can be secured.
- the control unit 202 has an upstream (left side in FIG. 5) dual refrigeration cycle. Control is performed so as to start the dual refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 on the downstream side (right side in FIG. 5) after the start from the apparatus 100.
- downstream side of the upstream side refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 started downstream with water or hot water flowing through the secondary flow path 3 b of the water heat exchanger 3.
- the temperature at the inlet side of the water heat exchanger 3 on the side increases, and the condensing temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the primary flow path 3a also increases accordingly.
- the binary refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body 200 in which a plurality of binary refrigeration cycle apparatuses 100 are connected in series starting from the upstream side refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is started, and thereafter The downstream refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 may be started.
- the water heat exchangers 3 of the plurality of two-part refrigeration cycle apparatuses 100 may be connected to the hot water pipe 103 so as to be parallel to each other, In this case, you may start from which of the two refrigeration cycle apparatuses 100.
- both the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 are mounted in the same casing 105, 201. Therefore, the lengths of the refrigerant pipes 106 of both the high temperature side refrigeration circuit 101 and the low temperature side refrigeration circuit 102 can be shortened, and the efficiency can be improved by reducing the pressure loss and the amount of heat released from the refrigerant pipe.
- the length of the refrigerant pipe 106 is shortened, the charging amount of the refrigerant can be reduced. Moreover, since the refrigerating machine oil discharged together with the refrigerant discharged from the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 returns to the high temperature side compressor 1 and the low temperature side compressor 10 in a short time, the refrigerating machine oil is insufficient. Can be prevented and the reliability can be improved.
- SYMBOLS 1 ... High temperature side compressor, 3 ... Water heat exchanger, 3a ... Primary side flow path (high temperature side condenser) of water heat exchanger, 4 ... Cascade heat exchanger, 7 ... High temperature side expansion apparatus, 8 ... High temperature Side inverter device, 9 ... Commercial AC power supply, 10 ... Low temperature side compressor, 12 ... Air heat exchanger, 15 ... Low temperature side expansion device, 16 ... Low temperature side inverter device, 34 ... Open / close valve, 100 ... Dual refrigeration cycle device DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 ... High temperature side freezing circuit, 102 ... Low temperature side freezing circuit, 103 ... Hot water piping, 104 ... Control part, 106 ... Refrigerant piping, 121 ... High pressure piping system, 122 ... Low pressure piping system, 123 ... Bypass circuit, 200 ... Two Former refrigeration cycle apparatus coupling body, 202... Control unit.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1の実施の形態における、給湯システムとして用いられる二元冷凍サイクル装置100の冷凍サイクル構成図である。
給湯システムとして用いられる二元冷凍サイクル装置100は、同一の筐体105に搭載される高温側冷凍回路101と、低温側冷凍回路102と、温水配管103と、制御部(制御手段)104と、から構成される。
本実施形態では、以下の[表1]で示す「R134a」冷媒を、高温側冷凍回路101の高温側冷媒として選択した。そして、「R410A」冷媒を、低温側冷凍回路102の低温側冷媒として選択した。
他にも、試験により高温側圧縮機1と低温側圧縮機10の始動時間差を決定し、それを用いて始動制御してもよい。
したがって、所定の時間における低温側冷凍回路102での高圧側圧力の上昇の割合が所定値以上になったときに、高温側圧縮機1の運転を開始する。
Claims (5)
- 高温側圧縮機、高温側凝縮器、高温側膨張装置及びカスケード熱交換器を冷媒配管を介して連通する高温側冷凍回路と、低温側圧縮機、前記カスケード熱交換器、低温側膨張装置及び空気熱交換器を冷媒配管を介して連通する低温側冷凍回路とを、同一筐体に搭載した二元冷凍サイクル装置であって、
前記高温側冷凍回路の高温側圧縮機と、前記低温側冷凍回路の低温側圧縮機との、少なくとも一方をインバータ装置に接続し、
冷凍サイクル運転の始動時に、前記高温側圧縮機の設定運転周波数が低温側圧縮機の設定運転周波数よりも大きくなるよう前記インバータ装置を制御する制御手段を具備することを特徴とする二元冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記高温側冷凍回路は、高温側圧縮機から高温側凝縮器を介して高温側膨張装置に至る冷媒配管である高圧配管系統と、高温側膨張装置からカスケード熱交換器を介して高温側圧縮機に至る冷媒配管である低圧配管系統とを連通するとともに、中途部に開閉装置を備えたバイパス回路を設け、
前記制御手段は、冷凍サイクル運転の始動時に、前記バイパス回路の開閉弁装置を開放して前記高圧配管系統と前記低圧配管系統とを連通し、前記低温側圧縮機を始動した後、前記高温側圧縮機を始動するよう制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の二元冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記制御手段は、冷凍サイクル運転の始動時に、前記高温側圧縮機および前記低温側圧縮機が設定運転周波数に到達したあと、所定時間その運転周波数を一定に保つよう制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の二元冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記制御手段は、冷凍サイクル運転の始動時に、前記低温側圧縮機を先に始動し、前記低温側圧縮機の始動から所定時間が経過したとき、前記低温側冷凍回路の高圧側圧力が所定圧力以上となったとき、もしくは、前記高温側冷凍回路の圧力が所定圧力以上となったときに、前記高温側圧縮機を始動することを特徴とする請求項1記載の二元冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記高温側冷凍回路と前記低温側冷凍回路からなる前記二元冷凍サイクルを複数備え、
前記制御手段は、各二元冷凍サイクルを所定時間毎に遅らせて、順次始動を制御することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の二元冷凍サイクル装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2012128229A1 (ja) | 2014-07-24 |
JP5659292B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 |
US20140013790A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
CN103250012B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
US9593869B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
CN103250012A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
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