WO2012114972A1 - 焦電素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
焦電素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114972A1 WO2012114972A1 PCT/JP2012/053642 JP2012053642W WO2012114972A1 WO 2012114972 A1 WO2012114972 A1 WO 2012114972A1 JP 2012053642 W JP2012053642 W JP 2012053642W WO 2012114972 A1 WO2012114972 A1 WO 2012114972A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pyroelectric
- substrate
- cavity
- pyroelectric substrate
- light receiving
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
- H10N15/10—Thermoelectric devices using thermal change of the dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/0225—Shape of the cavity itself or of elements contained in or suspended over the cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/0225—Shape of the cavity itself or of elements contained in or suspended over the cavity
- G01J5/024—Special manufacturing steps or sacrificial layers or layer structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/34—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using capacitors, e.g. pyroelectric capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
- H10N15/10—Thermoelectric devices using thermal change of the dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
- H10N15/15—Thermoelectric active materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyroelectric element and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the pyroelectric element used as infrared detection apparatuses such as a human body detection sensor and a fire detection sensor
- the pyroelectric element includes a pyroelectric substrate and a pair of electrodes provided on the front and back surfaces of the pyroelectric substrate, and the pair of electrodes and a portion sandwiched by the pair of electrodes of the pyroelectric substrate And a light receiving portion made of In this pyroelectric element, when the amount of infrared light irradiated to the light receiving portion changes, the polarization of the pyroelectric substrate changes due to the pyroelectric effect, and charges are excited on the front and back surfaces of the light receiving portion.
- a pyroelectric element is functioned as an infrared detection device by taking out this electric charge as a voltage with a pair of electrodes of a light sensing portion.
- a pyroelectric element a single type pyroelectric element in which only one light receiving portion is formed on a pyroelectric substrate, a dual type pyroelectric element in which two light receiving portions are formed, and a light receiving portion A quad type pyroelectric element formed is described.
- Patent Document 2 includes a pyroelectric crystal having a light receiving electrode on the upper surface and a ground electrode on the lower surface, and a silicon plate for supporting the same, and a hole is formed in a region facing the light receiving electrode in the silicon plate.
- a pierced infrared detection device is described. In this infrared detection device, the holes are formed in the silicon plate to prevent an increase in heat capacity and improve the detection sensitivity of infrared light.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and its main object is to improve the detection sensitivity of a pyroelectric element without increasing the size.
- the present invention adopts the following means in order to achieve the above object.
- the pyroelectric element of the present invention is With pyroelectric board, A support member in which a cavity is formed and the pyroelectric substrate is supported from the back side in a portion other than the cavity; A light receiving portion including a pair of electrodes formed on both sides of the pyroelectric substrate facing the cavity and a portion sandwiched between the pair of electrodes of the pyroelectric substrate; Equipped with The pyroelectric substrate is warped at a portion facing the cavity. It is a thing.
- the surface area of the light receiving portion is increased as compared with a case in which no warpage occurs in the same size. Thereby, the detection sensitivity of the pyroelectric element can be improved without increasing the size.
- the warpage occurs so that the pyroelectric substrate is convex on the surface side of the pyroelectric substrate, and the top of the warpage is formed thinner than the others, and the light receiving portion is A plurality of the pyroelectric substrates may be formed so as to sandwich the top on a portion facing the cavity and excluding the top.
- the top of the warp is formed between the plurality of light receiving portions, and the top is formed thinner than the others, so that heat conduction between the plurality of light receiving portions is less likely to occur. This improves the detection sensitivity when using a plurality of light receiving units as dual-type or quad-type pyroelectric elements.
- the warpage occurs so that the pyroelectric substrate is convex on the surface side of the pyroelectric substrate, and the top of the warpage is formed thinner than the others, and the light receiving portion is , May be formed on the top portion.
- the detection sensitivity can be improved while preventing the mechanical strength of the pyroelectric element from decreasing. The reason is described below.
- the thinner the pyroelectric substrate is the lower the heat capacity of the light receiving part is, and the detection sensitivity is improved, but the thinner the mechanical strength is.
- the light receiving portion is formed on the top portion of the pyroelectric substrate which is thinner than the other, the reduction in mechanical strength of the pyroelectric element can be prevented compared to the case where the entire pyroelectric substrate is made thinner.
- the light receiving portion is thin, the heat capacity is reduced and the detection sensitivity is improved.
- the support member may be formed of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pyroelectric substrate.
- the pyroelectric substrate may have a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m at a portion facing the cavity.
- the method for producing a pyroelectric element of the present invention is (A) A flat pyroelectric substrate on which one or more back surface electrodes are formed, and a support member in which a cavity is formed in a portion facing the back surface electrode and the pyroelectric substrate is supported from the back surface in a portion other than the cavity Forming the provided complex; (B) polishing the surface of the pyroelectric substrate until warping occurs in a portion of the pyroelectric substrate facing the cavity; (C) forming a surface electrode on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate so as to be paired with the back surface electrode; Is included.
- a composite having a cavity formed in the portion facing the electrode in the step (a) is formed, and the portion facing the cavity in the pyroelectric substrate is warped in the step (b) Polish the surface of the pyroelectric substrate until Due to this warpage, a pyroelectric element in which the surface area of the light receiving portion is increased as compared with the one having the same size and no warpage is obtained. Thereby, the pyroelectric element which raised detection sensitivity is obtained, without enlarging.
- the surface of the pyroelectric substrate is polished until the thickness of the portion of the pyroelectric substrate facing the cavity is in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. It is also possible to By surface polishing to a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, the pyroelectric substrate is easily warped.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a pyroelectric element 10; It is a BB sectional view of FIG. 1 (b).
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an electrical connection state of light receiving units 61 and 62 of the pyroelectric element 10;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a manufacturing process of the pyroelectric element 10.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a manufacturing process of the pyroelectric element 10. It is sectional drawing of the pyroelectric element 210 of a modification. It is the top view and sectional drawing of the pyroelectric element 310 of a modification. It is the top view and sectional drawing of the pyroelectric element 410 of a modification.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an electrical connection state of light receiving units 61 and 62 of the pyroelectric element 10
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a manufacturing process of the pyroelectric
- FIG. 7A is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a pyroelectric element 510 according to a second embodiment. It is FF sectional drawing of FIG.9 (b).
- FIG. 8A is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a pyroelectric substrate 610 of Comparative Example 1. It is explanatory drawing of the experimental system which measured voltage sensitivity Rv and S / N ratio.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view of a pyroelectric element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 (a)
- FIG. FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
- the pyroelectric element 10 is configured as a dual type pyroelectric element including two light receiving units 61 and 62, and includes a pyroelectric substrate 20, a support member 30 for supporting the pyroelectric substrate 20, and the pyroelectric substrate A front surface metal layer 40 and a rear surface metal layer 50 formed on the front and back surfaces of the substrate 20 are provided.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 is a pyroelectric substrate.
- the material of the pyroelectric substrate 20 include ferroelectric ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate and single crystals such as lithium tantalate and lithium niobate.
- single crystals such as lithium tantalate and lithium niobate
- the one near a 90 ° Z-cut plate is preferable because the pyroelectric property is high.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 is not particularly limited.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 has a length of 0.1 to 5 mm, a width of 0.1 to 5 mm, and a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 a warp that is convex on the surface side of the pyroelectric substrate 20 is generated. Further, the pyroelectric substrate 20 is formed to be thinner as it approaches the top 27 of the warp, and the top 27 is formed thinner than the other. The thickness of the top 27 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 10.0 ⁇ m. In FIG. 1 (b), the warpage of the pyroelectric substrate 20 is exaggerated for clarity.
- the support member 30 includes a support layer 32, an adhesive layer 34, and a support substrate 36.
- the support layer 32 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 to support the pyroelectric substrate 20.
- Examples of the material of the support layer 32 include silicon dioxide.
- the thickness of the support layer 32 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive layer 34 bonds the support layer 32 and the support substrate 36, and is formed on the entire surface of the support substrate 36.
- Examples of the material of the adhesive layer 34 include those obtained by solidifying an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 34 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the support substrate 36 is a flat substrate bonded to the support layer 32 via the adhesive layer 34.
- Examples of the material of the support substrate 36 include glass, lithium tantalate, and lithium niobate.
- the supporting substrate 36 is not particularly limited, and, for example, has a length of 0.1 to 5 mm, a width of 0.1 to 5 mm, and a thickness of 0.15 to 0.5 mm. It is preferable that the supporting layer 32, the adhesive layer 34, and the supporting substrate 36 are all materials having thermal conductivity lower than that of the pyroelectric substrate 20. The reason will be described later. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B and FIG.
- a cavity 38 is formed in the support member 30, and the support layer 32 is formed so as to square the outer periphery of the cavity 38. That is, the support layer 32 supports the pyroelectric substrate 20 from the back surface in the portion other than the cavity 38.
- the above-described warpage in the pyroelectric substrate 20 is generated in the cavity facing region 26 which is a portion facing the cavity 38 in the pyroelectric substrate 20.
- the surface metal layer 40 is formed on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20.
- the surface metal layer 40 is electrically connected to the two surface electrodes 41 and 42 formed in a vertically long rectangular shape in plan view and the surface electrode 41 and formed in a square in plan view.
- the lead portion 46 and the lead portion 47 electrically connected to the surface electrode 42 and formed in a square in plan view are provided.
- metals such as nickel, chromium, gold
- the thickness of the surface metal layer 40 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the surface metal layer 40 may have a two-layer structure in which a metal layer made of chromium is formed on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 and a metal layer made of nickel is further formed thereon.
- the surface electrodes 41 and 42 are formed on the portion facing the cavity 38, that is, on the portion facing the cavity 26 and excluding the top 27, and the surface electrodes 41 and 42 are positioned so as to sandwich the top 27. ing.
- the back surface metal layer 50 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20.
- the back surface electrode 51 and the back surface electrode 52 are electrically connected to each other, and the back surface electrode 51 and the back surface electrode 52 are formed in plan view. And a lead portion 56 formed in a horizontal rectangular shape.
- the thing similar to the surface metal layer 40 mentioned above can be used.
- the thickness of the surface metal layer 40 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the back surface electrode 51 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 so as to face the front surface electrode 41
- the back surface electrode 52 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 so as to face the front surface electrode 42.
- the light receiving portion 61 is formed of a pair of electrodes (surface electrode 41 and back surface electrode 51) and a light receiving area 21 which is a portion of the pyroelectric substrate 20 sandwiched between the surface electrode 41 and the back surface electrode 51. is there.
- the light receiving portion 62 is formed by a pair of electrodes (surface electrode 42 and back surface electrode 52) and a light receiving region 22 which is a portion of the pyroelectric substrate 20 sandwiched between the surface electrode 42 and the back surface electrode 52. It is In the light receiving portions 61 and 62, when a temperature change due to the irradiation of infrared rays occurs, the voltage between the pair of electrodes changes.
- the surface electrode 41 and the light receiving area 21 absorb the infrared light to cause a temperature change. Then, the change of the spontaneous polarization of the light receiving area 21 due to this is shown as the change of the voltage between the front electrode 41 and the back electrode 51.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an electrical connection state of the light receiving parts 61 and 62 of the pyroelectric element 10.
- the light receiving units 61 and 62 of the pyroelectric element 10 are connected in series by the back electrodes 51 and 52 being connected by the lead unit 56.
- the voltage between the surface electrodes 41 and 42 which are both ends of this series connected circuit can be taken out as the voltage between the lead portions 46 and 47.
- the directions of the spontaneous polarization of the light receiving regions 21 and 22 are opposite to each other in FIG. 3 (the same direction in FIG. 1B).
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 is a pyroelectric material, spontaneous polarization always occurs in the light receiving regions 21 and 22 even under normal conditions.
- the light receiving portions 61 and 62 adsorb the floating charge in the air and electrically balance with the spontaneous polarization, the apparent charge in the light receiving regions 21 and 22 is zero. Therefore, no voltage is generated between the front surface electrode 41 and the back surface electrode 51 or between the front surface electrode 42 and the back surface electrode 52 in normal operation, and no voltage is generated between the lead portions 46 and 47.
- the spontaneous polarization of the light receiving areas 21 and 22 is In either case, charge is unevenly generated, and a voltage of the same magnitude is generated between the surface electrode 41 and the back surface electrode 51 and between the surface electrode 42 and the back surface electrode 52.
- the directions of the spontaneous polarization of the light receiving regions 21 and 22 are opposite to each other as shown in FIG. 3, the voltages of the two cancel each other, and a voltage is not generated between the lead portions 46 and 47 as well.
- the pyroelectric element 10 is a dual type element in which the light receiving portions 61 and 62 are connected so that the directions of the spontaneous polarization are reversely connected in series, the pyroelectric element 10 is surrounded not only normally but also surrounding the pyroelectric element 10 Even when the amount of infrared radiation in the atmosphere changes, no voltage is generated between the lead portions 46 and 47, so that malfunction due to noise is prevented. On the other hand, when the amount of infrared rays irradiated to the light receiving parts 61 and 62 is not uniform, for example, when a person crosses the vicinity of the pyroelectric element 10, the temperature change of the light receiving areas 21 and 22 becomes different.
- the pyroelectric element 10 can be used as an infrared detection device that performs human body detection, fire detection, and the like.
- the lead portions 46 and 47 and a FET (field effect transistor) for impedance conversion are connected to take out the voltage between the lead portions 46 and 47. It can be made easy.
- the pyroelectric element 10 is warped in the cavity facing region 26 which is a portion of the pyroelectric substrate 20 facing the cavity 38. Therefore, the light receiving area of the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is increased as compared with the case where there is no warpage. If the light receiving area is increased, the amount of charges generated in the light receiving regions 21 and 22 is increased due to the spontaneous polarization even if the amount of infrared light irradiated is the same, and a high voltage is generated. Thereby, the detection sensitivity of the pyroelectric element 10 can be improved without increasing the size as compared with the case where there is no warpage.
- the top 27 of the warp located between the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is formed thinner than the other. Therefore, heat conduction between the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is less likely to occur compared to the case where the top 27 has the same thickness as the other.
- heat conduction between the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is likely to occur, heat conduction occurs from one of the light receiving portions 61 and 62 to the other even though the amount of infrared light irradiated to the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is not uniform. As a result, the magnitudes of the temperature change of the light receiving areas 21 and 22 may be substantially the same.
- the voltage between the front electrode 41 and the rear electrode 51 and the voltage generated between the front electrode 42 and the rear electrode 52 cancel each other as in the case where the amount of infrared light in the background changes, and the lead portions 46, 47 The voltage between them decreases, and the pyroelectric element 10 is likely to malfunction.
- the pyroelectric element 10 of the present embodiment since the heat conduction between the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is less likely to occur because the top 27 is thin, such erroneous operation can be prevented, and the detection sensitivity can be improved.
- the support member 30 is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pyroelectric substrate 20, the heat of the pyroelectric substrate 20 is less likely to escape to the support member 30, that is, the temperatures of the light receiving regions 21 and 22 are increased. It becomes easy to change. Thereby, even if there is a slight change in the amount of infrared light, a voltage is generated between the front surface electrode 41 and the back surface electrode 51 or between the front surface electrode 42 and the back surface electrode 52 by the temperature change. Can be improved.
- FIG. 4A a flat pyroelectric substrate 120 to be the pyroelectric substrate 20 is prepared (FIG. 4A).
- the pyroelectric substrate 120 has, for example, an orientation flat (OF), and is a wafer of a size capable of cutting out a plurality of pyroelectric substrates 20.
- OF orientation flat
- As a material of the pyroelectric substrate 120 those described above can be used.
- the size of the pyroelectric substrate 120 is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, 50 to 100 mm in diameter and 200 to 500 ⁇ m in thickness.
- the back surface metal layer 150 used as the back surface metal layer 50 is formed in the back surface of the pyroelectric board
- the back surface metal layer 150 is formed by forming a plurality of patterns to be the back surface metal layer 50 on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120.
- the material of the back surface metal layer 150 those described above can be used.
- the thickness of the back surface metal layer 150 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the formation of the back surface metal layer 150 can be performed by vacuum evaporation, for example, by covering the portion of the pyroelectric substrate 120 other than the portion where the back surface metal layer 150 is formed with a metal mask.
- the back metal layer 150 may be formed using sputtering, photolithography, or screen printing.
- a support layer 132 to be the support layer 32 is formed (FIG. 4C).
- the support layer 132 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 so that the positional relationship with the back surface metal layer 150 is the same as the positional relationship between the back surface metal layer 50 and the support layer 32 in FIGS.
- a plurality of patterns to be the support layer 32 are formed.
- the material of the support layer 132 those described above can be used.
- the thickness of the support layer 132 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the formation of the support layer 132 is performed, for example, as follows.
- a layer to be the support layer 132 is formed on the entire back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 by sputtering. Then, a resist film is formed only on a portion to be left as a support layer 132 by photolithography to make an etching mask, and then a portion not to be etched mask (a portion to be a cavity 38) is removed by etching. Thus, the support layer 132 is formed.
- a support substrate 136 to be the support substrate 36 is prepared, and an adhesive to be the adhesive layer 34 is applied to one or both of the front surface of the support substrate 136 and the back surface of the support layer 132. Then, the surface of the support substrate 136 is bonded to the back surface of the support layer 132, and the adhesive is cured to form an adhesive layer 134 (FIG. 4 (d)).
- a composite 110 including the pyroelectric substrate 120, the back surface metal layer 150, the support layer 132, the adhesive layer 134, and the support substrate 136 and having the cavity 138 serving as the cavity 38 is obtained.
- the material of the adhesive layer 134 those described above can be used.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 134 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 is polished until the pyroelectric substrate 120 of the composite 110 is warped (FIG. 4 (e)).
- FIG. 4 (e) the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 is polished in the composite 110 of FIG. 4D
- a cavity which is a portion facing the cavity 138 in the pyroelectric substrate 120 Warpage occurs in the opposite region 126.
- the cause of this phenomenon is considered to be that residual stress is generated in the back surface metal layer 150 when the back surface metal layer 150 is formed on the pyroelectric substrate 120.
- the back surface metal layer 150 and the pyroelectric substrate 120 are warped by the residual stress as the pyroelectric substrate 120 becomes thinner.
- the warping occurs only in the cavity facing region 126 of the pyroelectric substrate 120 facing the cavity 138, and no warping occurs in the portion supported by the support layer 132. Furthermore, no warpage occurs even when the back surface metal layer 150 is not formed at all in the portion facing the cavity 138.
- the polishing is not particularly limited when the polishing is performed until the warping occurs.
- the thickness of the cavity facing region 126 facing the cavity 138 in the pyroelectric substrate 120 is in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. Polishing may be performed until it becomes. To what thickness (or how long the polishing time is to be polished), the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 120 in the composite 110 is polished in advance, and it is experimentally determined by how thick the warping occurs. It can be determined by examining it.
- the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 is closer to the top 127 of the warp. It becomes easy to be polished. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4E, the portion closer to the top 127 of the warpage in the pyroelectric substrate 120 can be thinner, and the top 127 can be thinner than the others.
- the surface metal layer 140 to be the surface metal layer 40 is formed on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 (FIG. 5A).
- the surface metal layer 140 is formed by forming a plurality of patterns to be the surface metal layer 40 on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120.
- the formation of the surface metal layer 140 is performed so that the portions of the surface metal layer 140 to be the surface electrodes 41 and 42 are paired with the portions to be the back electrodes 51 and 52, respectively.
- a material of the surface metal layer 140 those described above can be used.
- the thickness of the surface metal layer 140 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the formation of the surface metal layer 140 can be performed in the same manner as the back surface metal layer 150. As a result, the composite 110 becomes an assembly of a large number of pyroelectric elements 10.
- each pyroelectric element 10 is cut out from the composite 110 in which the surface metal layer 140 is formed (FIG. 5 (b)).
- a plurality of pyroelectric elements 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be obtained.
- the support member 30 is composed of the support layer 32, the adhesive layer 34, and the support substrate 36.
- the support member 30 is formed with the cavity 38, and the pyroelectric substrate 120 is formed in portions other than the cavity 38.
- the support member 30 may not include the support layer 32 and may be composed of the adhesive layer 34 and the support substrate 36.
- a pyroelectric element 210 of a modification in this case is shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the same components as those of the pyroelectric element 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the support member 230 in the pyroelectric element 210 includes an adhesive layer 234, and a support substrate 236 joined to the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 by the adhesive layer 234.
- the shape of the supporting member 230 and the supporting member 30 shown in FIG. 1 are the same although their constituent elements are different.
- the adhesive layer 234 and the support substrate 236 can be made of the same material as the adhesive layer 34 and the support substrate 36 described above.
- the support substrate 236 is provided with a recess, which is a cavity 38.
- the supporting substrate 236 supports the pyroelectric substrate 20 from the back surface in the portion other than the cavity 38. Also in this case, the same effect as the pyroelectric element 10 of the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the pyroelectric element 210 can be manufactured, for example, as follows. First, the same steps as in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are performed. Then, instead of FIGS. 4C and 4D, a flat support substrate to be the support substrate 236 is prepared, and a resist film is formed only on a portion to be left as the support substrate 236 by photolithography to form an etching mask. . Thereafter, the portion not to be etched mask (the portion to be the cavity 38) is removed by etching. Then, the supporting substrate 236 and the pyroelectric substrate 120 are attached to each other by an adhesive which becomes the adhesive layer 234 to form a complex. Then, the pyroelectric element 210 of FIG. 6 is formed by the same steps as those of FIGS. 4 (e), 5 (a) and 5 (b).
- the cavity 38 is surrounded by the support layer 32 in a square shape, but the support member 30 supports the pyroelectric substrate 20 from the back surface in the portion other than the cavity 38.
- the cavity 38 may have any shape as long as 42 is formed in the portion of the pyroelectric substrate 20 facing the cavity 38. For example, it may be surrounded by the support layer 32, or the cavity 38 may not be completely surrounded by the support layer 32, and a part may face the outer periphery of the pyroelectric element 10.
- the pyroelectric element 10 is a dual type pyroelectric element, but may be a single type having only one light receiving portion or a quad type pyroelectric element having four light receiving portions.
- a quad type pyroelectric element at least two of the four light receiving units may be formed to sandwich the top 27 of the warpage. In this way, between the two light receiving parts sandwiching the top 27, the thin top 27 provides an effect that heat conduction between the two does not easily occur.
- the shapes of the front surface electrode and the back surface electrode in single-type or quad-type pyroelectric elements are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-203009.
- the cavity facing region 26 of the pyroelectric substrate is warped to be convex on the surface side, but may be warped to be convex on the back side. Also in this case, the surface area of the light receiving portions 61 and 62 can be increased.
- the light receiving portions 61 and 62 are positioned so as to sandwich the top 27 at a portion facing the cavity 38 and excluding the top 27.
- the invention is not limited to this. As long as it is a part which opposes, it is good also as what is located in it. Even in this case, if the cavity opposing region 26 is warped, the light receiving area of the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is increased, so that the effect of improving the detection sensitivity can be obtained. Also, the light receiving portion may be formed on the top 27.
- the pyroelectric element 310 of the modification in this case is shown in FIG. 7 (a) is a plan view of the pyroelectric element 310, and FIG.
- the light receiving unit 361 in the pyroelectric element 310 is a portion sandwiched between the front electrode 341 and the back electrode 351 of the pyroelectric substrate 20 and a pair of electrodes (the front electrode 341 and the back electrode 351). And the light receiving area 321.
- the front surface electrode 341 is formed on the front surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 including the top 27, and the back surface electrode 351 is formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 27 so as to face the front surface electrode 341. That is, the light receiving portion 361 is formed at the top 27.
- the pyroelectric element 310 can be used as a single type pyroelectric element including one light receiving portion 361 or can be used as a dual type or quad type pyroelectric element by combining a plurality of pyroelectric elements 310. .
- the light receiving portion 361 is formed on the top 27 of the pyroelectric substrate 20, and the mechanical strength of the pyroelectric element 310 is compared with the case where the entire pyroelectric substrate 20 is thinned to the same thickness as the top 27. While the light receiving portion 361 is thin, the heat capacity of the light receiving portion 361 is reduced and the detection sensitivity is improved.
- lead portions 46 and 47 in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the pyroelectric element 310, lead portions are formed on the front and back surfaces of the pyroelectric substrate 20 in order to facilitate connection between the light receiving portion 361 and other circuits. May be
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 is formed so as to be thinner as it approaches the top 27 of the warp, but it is sufficient if the top 27 is formed thinner than the other, for example, the top 27 And only the area including the periphery thereof may be thinner than the others, and the other parts may have the same thickness.
- a plan view of a pyroelectric element 410 according to a modification in this case is shown in FIG. 8 (a), and a cross-sectional view taken along a line DD in FIG. 8 (a) is shown in FIG. 8 (b).
- FIG. 8 (a) A plan view of a pyroelectric element 410 according to a modification in this case is shown in FIG. 8 (a), and a cross-sectional view taken along a line DD in FIG. 8 (a) is shown in FIG. 8 (b).
- the pyroelectric element 410 As shown in the figure, of the cavity facing region 426 facing the cavity 38 in the pyroelectric substrate 420, only the region 428 including the top 427 and the periphery thereof is formed thinner than the other. Even in this case, between the two light receiving parts 61 and 62 sandwiching the top 427, the effect of making the heat conduction between the two less likely to occur is obtained because the top 427 is thin.
- Example 1 As Example 1, the pyroelectric element 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was manufactured by the manufacturing method described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- a pyroelectric substrate 120 a lithium tantalate substrate (LT substrate) having an OF portion and having a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 350 ⁇ m was prepared (FIG. 4A).
- the LT substrate used a 42 ° Y-off cut plate.
- a back surface metal layer 150 made of nickel and chromium was formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 (FIG. 4 (b)).
- the formation of the back surface metal layer 150 was performed by vacuum evaporation covering the pyroelectric substrate 120 except for the portion where the back surface metal layer 150 is to be formed with a metal mask.
- vacuum deposition first, chromium was deposited at a deposition rate of 5 ⁇ / s to a thickness of 0.02 ⁇ m, and subsequently, nickel was deposited at a deposition rate of 10 ⁇ / s to a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the pressure at the time of film formation by vacuum evaporation was 2.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and the temperature of the pyroelectric substrate 120 was about 100 ° C. Thereby, the back surface metal layer 150 with a thickness of 0.12 ⁇ m was formed.
- the pattern of the back surface metal layer 150 was formed so that the back surface electrodes 51 and 52 had a size of 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, and the lead portions 56 had a length of 0.1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide.
- a support layer 132 made of silicon dioxide was formed on the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 (FIG. 4 (c)). Specifically, first, a silicon dioxide film having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m is formed on the entire back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 by sputtering, and a resist film by photolithography is formed only on a portion of the silicon dioxide film to be left as a support layer 132. (OFPR-800LB, a positive photosensitive resist made by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was formed and used as an etching mask. Thereafter, the support layer 132 was formed by immersing in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes to remove a portion of 2.1 mm long and 2.1 mm wide which becomes the cavity 38 in the silicon dioxide film.
- a glass substrate having an OF portion and having a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 500 ⁇ m was prepared.
- 1 ⁇ m of an epoxy adhesive was applied to both the front surface of the support substrate 136 and the back surface of the support layer 132, and the front surface of the support substrate 136 and the back surface of the support layer 132 were bonded.
- the thickness of the epoxy adhesive is set to 0.1 ⁇ m by press bonding, and the bonded pyroelectric substrate 120, support layer 132, and support substrate 136 are left for one hour under an environment of 200 ° C. to cure the epoxy adhesive.
- a composite 110 is obtained (FIG. 4 (d)).
- the epoxy adhesive became an adhesive layer 134, and a cavity 138 having a length of 2.1 mm, a width of 2.1 mm and a depth of 0.5 ⁇ m was formed.
- the back surface of the support substrate 136 was adhered and fixed to a polishing jig made of silicon carbide, and the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 was ground with a fixed abrasive grinder to reduce the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 120 to 50 ⁇ m. . Furthermore, the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 was polished with diamond abrasive to reduce the thickness to 10 ⁇ m. Thereafter, in order to remove a processing-deteriorated layer formed on the pyroelectric substrate 120 by polishing with diamond abrasive grains, finish polishing is performed using free abrasive grains and a non-woven fabric type polishing pad, and the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 120 is five. It grind
- the surface electrode 140 was formed on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 120 (FIG. 5A). This step was performed under the same materials and conditions as the formation of the back electrode 150.
- the pattern of the surface metal layer 140 was formed such that the surface electrodes 41 and 42 had a length of 2 mm and a width of 0.5 mm, and the lead portions 46 and 47 had a size of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm, respectively.
- a 2.5 mm long ⁇ 2.5 mm wide pyroelectric element 10 was cut out from the composite 110 on which the surface metal layer 140 was formed by dicing (FIG. 5 (b)). As a result, as a pyroelectric element of Example 1, 1000 pieces of pyroelectric elements 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 were obtained.
- Example 2 As Example 2, a pyroelectric element 510 shown in FIGS. 9 (a) is a plan view of the pyroelectric element 510, FIG. 9 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 9 (a), and FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line FF of FIG.
- the cavity 538 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 120 ⁇ m
- the cavity facing region 526 facing the cavity 538 has a circular shape
- the pyroelectric element 210 is the same as the pyroelectric element 210 shown in FIG. 6 except that the size occupied on the pyroelectric substrate 520 is smaller.
- the size of the pyroelectric element 510 is 0.2 mm long and 0.2 mm wide, and the size of the surface electrodes 541 and 542 is 0.1 mm long, 0.03 mm wide and 0.2 ⁇ m thick, and the lead portion 546,
- the size of 547 is 0.02 mm in length, 0.03 mm in width, 0.2 ⁇ m in thickness, and the back electrodes 551 and 552 are 0.1 mm in length, 0.03 mm in width, and 0.2 ⁇ m in thickness, respectively.
- a cavity 538 is formed in the support substrate 236 by the manufacturing method described in FIG. 6 instead of the steps of FIGS. 4C and 4D described above, and the pyroelectric substrate is formed via the adhesive layer 234. It produced similarly to Example 1 mentioned above except the point bonded together to 120 and it was set as the complex. As in Example 1, the formation of the cavity 538 in the support substrate 236 is performed by using a resist film (OFPR-800LB, a positive photosensitive resist made by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) only on the portion to be left as the support substrate 236 by photolithography.
- a resist film OFPR-800LB, a positive photosensitive resist made by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Example 3 As Example 3, the pyroelectric element 10 in which the pyroelectric substrate 120 in Example 1 is a lithium niobate (LN) of Z-cut plate was manufactured. The structure and manufacturing procedure of the pyroelectric element 10 of Example 3 other than that were the same as that of Example 1.
- LN lithium niobate
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a pyroelectric element 610 shown in FIG. 11 was produced. 11 (a) is a plan view of the pyroelectric element 610, and FIG. 11 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. 11 (a).
- This pyroelectric element 610 has the same configuration as the pyroelectric element 510 of the second embodiment in plan view as shown in FIG. 11A, and the shape of the back surface metal layer 650 is also the back surface metal layer 550 in FIG. The same shape as Therefore, about the component corresponding to the pyroelectric element 510, the code
- the support member 630 of the pyroelectric element 610 is composed of an adhesive layer 634 and a support substrate 636.
- the adhesive layer 634 is formed on the entire back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 620 unlike the adhesive layer 234 of the pyroelectric element 310. . Therefore, the back surface metal layer 650 is surrounded by the pyroelectric substrate 620 and the adhesive layer 634 and not exposed. Further, unlike the support substrate 236 of the pyroelectric element 310, the support substrate 636 has a hole opened from the lower side as shown in FIG. This hole is a cavity 638.
- the pyroelectric element 610 of this comparative example 1 was produced as follows. First, as in the case of Example 2, the back surface metal layer 650 was formed on the pyroelectric substrate 620 as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). Subsequently, a flat support substrate to be a support substrate 636 was prepared, and the surface of the support substrate and the back surface of the pyroelectric substrate 620 were bonded with an adhesive to be an adhesive layer 634 to form a composite. Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, polishing was performed until the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 620 became 5.00 ⁇ m.
- a resist film is formed only on a portion of the back surface of the support substrate desired to be left as the support substrate 636 by photolithography to form an etching mask, and a portion not etched by etching is removed to form a support substrate 636. The portion removed thereby was formed as a cavity 638.
- the surface metal layer 640 is formed on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 620 in the same manner as the formation of the back surface metal layer 650, and 1000 pieces of pyroelectric elements 610 of 2.5 mm long ⁇ 2.5 mm wide are diced out by dicing.
- the pyroelectric element 610 of Example 1 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 As Comparative Example 2, a pyroelectric element in which the pyroelectric substrate 620 in Comparative Example 1 was a lithium niobate of Z-cut plate was manufactured. The other structure and manufacturing procedure of the pyroelectric element of Comparative Example 2 were the same as those of Comparative Example 1.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 was formed to be thinner toward the top 27 of the warp, and the top 27 had a thickness of 4.5 ⁇ m. Also in the pyroelectric element 510 of Example 2, the pyroelectric substrate 520 was warped, and interference fringes due to thickness distribution were observed by the laser interferometer. Specifically, the difference (the amount of warpage) in height between the top 527 of the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 520 and the other is about 2 ⁇ m. In addition, the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 520 in which the hollow portion was not formed was 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m.
- the pyroelectric substrate 520 was formed to be thinner toward the top of the warp 527, and the thickness of the top 527 was 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness distribution (the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the thickness) was about 10% with the minimum value being 100%.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 was warped, and interference fringes due to the thickness distribution were observed by the laser interferometer. Specifically, the difference (the amount of warpage) in height between the top 27 of the surface of the pyroelectric substrate 20 and the other is at most about 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 20 in which the hollow portion was not formed was 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m.
- the pyroelectric substrate 20 was formed to be thinner toward the top 27 of the warp, and the top 27 had a thickness of 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the pyroelectric substrate 620 is 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m, and the portions formed thinner than the other as in the tops 27 and 527 of Examples 1 and 2 There was no warpage of the pyroelectric substrate 620.
- the S / N ratio of each pyroelectric element is shown in Table 1.
- S / N A 0.5 ⁇ Rv / Vn (A is the light receiving area of the sensor)
- the pyroelectric elements of Examples 1 to 3 have a predetermined thickness on the surface of the pyroelectric substrate after forming a composite in which a cavity is formed in a portion facing the light receiving portion (back surface electrode) It was confirmed that warping occurred in the portion of the pyroelectric substrate facing the cavity by polishing until it became smaller. Further, it was confirmed that the pyroelectric elements of Examples 1 to 3 were different from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in that the top of the pyroelectric substrate between the light receiving portions was formed thin.
- the S / N ratio indicating the performance as the pyroelectric element is the pyroelectric substrate compared with the comparison between the example 1 and the comparative example 1, and the comparison between the example 3 and the comparative example 2.
- the top 27 sandwiched between the light receiving portions 61 and 62 is thinner than the others, the light receiving areas 21 and 22 are thinner than the light receiving areas 621 and 622 of the comparative example, and the pyroelectric substrate 20 is warped to receive light. It was found that the S / N ratio of the pyroelectric element becomes large and the performance as the pyroelectric element is high because the light receiving areas of the portions 61 and 62 are large.
- the present invention is applicable to an infrared detection device using a pyroelectric element, such as a human body detection sensor or a fire detection sensor.
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Abstract
Description
焦電基板と、
空洞が形成され、該空洞以外の部分で前記焦電基板を裏面から支持する支持部材と、
前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分の表裏両面に形成された一対の電極と前記焦電基板のうち前記一対の電極によって挟まれた部分とからなる受光部と、
を備え、
前記焦電基板は、前記空洞に対向する部分に反りが生じている、
ものである。
(a)1以上の裏面電極が形成された平坦な焦電基板と、前記裏面電極に対向する部分に空洞が形成され該空洞以外の部分で前記焦電基板を裏面から支持する支持部材とを備えた複合体を形成する工程と、
(b)前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分に反りが生じるまで前記焦電基板の表面を研磨する工程と、
(c)前記焦電基板の表面に前記裏面電極と対をなすように表面電極を形成する工程と、
を含むものである。
実施例1として、図4及び図5を用いて説明した製造方法により図1~2に示した焦電素子10を作製した。まず、焦電基板120として、OF部を有し、直径4インチ,厚さが350μmのタンタル酸リチウム基板(LT基板)を用意した(図4(a))。LT基板は42°Yオフカット板を用いた。続いて、この焦電基板120の裏面にニッケル及びクロムからなる裏面金属層150を形成した(図4(b))。裏面金属層150の形成は、焦電基板120のうち裏面金属層150を形成する部分以外をメタルマスクでカバーし、真空蒸着により行った。なお、真空蒸着は、まずクロムを5Å/sの成膜レートで厚さ0.02μmとなるまで行い、続いてニッケルを10Å/sの成膜レートで厚さ0.1μmとなるまで行った。真空蒸着による成膜時の圧力は2.7×10-4Pa,焦電基板120の温度は約100℃であった。これにより、厚さ0.12μmの裏面金属層150を形成した。なお、裏面金属層150のパターンは、裏面電極51,52がそれぞれ縦2mm,横0.5mm、リード部56が縦0.1mm,横0.5mmの大きさとなるように形成した。
実施例2として、図9,10に示す焦電素子510を作製した。図9(a)は焦電素子510の平面図、図9(b)は図9(a)のE-E断面図、図10は図9(b)のF-F断面図である。この焦電素子510は、空洞538が直径120μmの円柱状をしており、空洞538に対向する空洞対向領域526は円形をしていること、及び表面電極541,542や裏面電極551,552の焦電基板520に占める大きさが小さくなっている点以外は、図6に示した焦電素子210と同じである。そのため、焦電素子210の構成要素と同一の構成要素については同一の符合を付し、対応する構成要素については値500を加えた符号を付してその説明を省略する。なお、焦電素子510の大きさは縦0.2mm,横0.2mm、表面電極541,542の大きさはそれぞれ縦0.1mm,横0.03mm,厚さ0.2μm、リード部546,547の大きさはそれぞれ縦0.02mm,横0.03mm,厚さ0.2μm、裏面電極551,552の大きさはそれぞれ縦0.1mm,横0.03mm,厚さ0.2μmとした。
実施例3として、実施例1における焦電基板120をZカット板のニオブ酸リチウム(LN)とした焦電素子10を作製した。それ以外の実施例3の焦電素子10の構造及び作製手順は実施例1と同様とした。
比較例1として、図11に示す焦電素子610を作製した。図11(a)は焦電素子610の平面図、図11(b)は図11(a)のG-G断面図である。この焦電素子610は、図11(a)に示すように平面視では実施例2の焦電素子510と同じ構成であり、裏面金属層650の形状も平面視で図9の裏面金属層550と同じ形状である。そのため、焦電素子510に対応する構成要素については値100を加えた符号を付して、その説明を省略する。焦電素子610の支持部材630は、接着層634と支持基板636とで構成されており、接着層634は焦電素子310の接着層234と異なり焦電基板620の裏面全面に形成されている。そのため、裏面金属層650は焦電基板620及び接着層634に囲まれており露出していない。また、支持基板636は、焦電素子310の支持基板236とは異なり、図11(b)示すように下側から開けられた孔を有している。この孔が空洞638となっている。
比較例2として、比較例1における焦電基板620をZカット板のニオブ酸リチウムとした焦電素子を作製した。それ以外の比較例2の焦電素子の構造及び作製手順は比較例1と同様とした。
実施例1~3及び比較例1,2の焦電素子について、焦電基板の厚さを測定した。測定は、厚み分布をレーザー干渉計を用いて測定することで行った。実施例1の焦電素子10では、焦電基板20に反りが生じており、レーザー干渉計により厚み分布による干渉縞が見られた。具体的には、焦電基板20の表面のうち頂上27とそれ以外との高さの差(反り量)は最大約10μmであった。また、空洞部が形成されていない焦電基板20の厚さは5.0μm±0.02μmであった。焦電基板20は反りの頂上27に近い部分ほど薄くなるように形成され、頂上27の厚さは4.5μmであった。実施例2の焦電素子510でも、焦電基板520に反りが生じており、レーザー干渉計により厚み分布による干渉縞が見られた。具体的には、焦電基板520の表面のうち頂上527とそれ以外との高さの差(反り量)は約2μmであった。また、空洞部が形成されていない焦電基板520の厚さは5.0μm±0.02μmであった。焦電基板520は反りの頂上527に近い部分ほど薄くなるように形成され、頂上527の厚さは4.5μmであった。厚み分布(厚さの最大値と最小値との差)は最小値を100%として約10%であった。実施例3の焦電素子10では、焦電基板20に反りが生じており、レーザー干渉計により厚み分布による干渉縞が見られた。具体的には、焦電基板20の表面のうち頂上27とそれ以外との高さの差(反り量)は最大約10μmであった。また、空洞部が形成されていない焦電基板20の厚さは5.0μm±0.02μmであった。焦電基板20は反りの頂上27に近い部分ほど薄くなるように形成され、頂上27の厚さは4.5μmであった。これに対し比較例1,2では、焦電基板620の厚さは5.0μm±0.02μmであり、実施例1,2の頂上27,527のように他よりも薄く形成された部分や焦電基板620の反りは存在しなかった。
実施例1~3及び比較例1,2の焦電素子について、図12に示す実験系にて電圧感度RvとS/N比とを測定した。この実験系では、赤外線は、黒体放射装置702を使用して焦電素子まで平面波ミラー704とコンカーブミラー706を用いてアライメントし、チョッパー708を介して焦電素子の受光部の表面に集光した。入力赤外光は、チョッパー708により周波数10Hzでチョッピングして照射した。焦電素子の電圧感度Rvは、ロックインアンプ710で測定した。なお、ロックインアンプ710内の電圧変換回路の入力インピーダンスは1011Ωとした。各焦電素子の電圧感度Rvを表1に示す。
S/N=A0.5×Rv/Vn(Aはセンサの受光面積)
Claims (7)
- 焦電基板と、
空洞が形成され、該空洞以外の部分で前記焦電基板を裏面から支持する支持部材と、
前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分の表裏両面に形成された一対の電極と前記焦電基板のうち前記一対の電極によって挟まれた部分とからなる受光部と、
を備え、
前記焦電基板は、前記空洞に対向する部分に反りが生じている、
焦電素子。 - 前記焦電基板は、該焦電基板の表面側に凸となるように前記反りが生じ、該反りの頂上が他よりも薄く形成されており、
前記受光部は、前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分であって前記頂上を除く部分に該頂上を挟むように複数形成されている、
請求項1に記載の焦電素子。 - 前記焦電基板は、該焦電基板の表面側に凸となるように前記反りが生じ、該反りの頂上が他よりも薄く形成されており、
前記受光部は、前記頂上部分に形成されている、
請求項1に記載の焦電素子。 - 前記支持部材は、前記焦電基板と比べて熱伝導率が低い材料で形成されている、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焦電素子。 - 前記焦電基板は、前記空洞に対向する部分の厚さが0.1~10μmである、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焦電素子。 - (a)1以上の裏面電極が形成された平坦な焦電基板と、前記裏面電極に対向する部分に空洞が形成され該空洞以外の部分で前記焦電基板を裏面から支持する支持部材とを備えた複合体を形成する工程と、
(b)前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分に反りが生じるまで前記焦電基板の表面を研磨する工程と、
(c)前記焦電基板の表面に前記裏面電極と対をなすように表面電極を形成する工程と、
を含む焦電素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)で、前記焦電基板のうち前記空洞に対向する部分の厚さが0.1~10μmの範囲になるまで前記焦電基板の表面を研磨する、
請求項6に記載の焦電素子の製造方法。
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