WO2012114518A1 - 粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置 - Google Patents
粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114518A1 WO2012114518A1 PCT/JP2011/054359 JP2011054359W WO2012114518A1 WO 2012114518 A1 WO2012114518 A1 WO 2012114518A1 JP 2011054359 W JP2011054359 W JP 2011054359W WO 2012114518 A1 WO2012114518 A1 WO 2012114518A1
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- Prior art keywords
- particulate matter
- sensor
- temperature
- matter detection
- sensor element
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 240
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 51
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D41/222—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00613—Quality control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1493—Details
- F02D41/1494—Control of sensor heater
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00712—Automatic status testing, e.g. at start-up or periodic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- This invention relates to an abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor (PM sensor) for detecting particulate matter (Perticulate® Matter) in exhaust gas.
- PM sensor particulate matter detection sensor
- Perticulate® Matter particulate matter
- a failure determination device that performs failure determination of a PM sensor is known in an exhaust gas purification system including a PM sensor that is a sensor that performs the same.
- a failure of the PM sensor is determined based on a change in the PM sensor output after the regeneration of the DPF. is doing.
- the DPF can collect PM in the exhaust gas. That is, as long as the PM collection performance of the DPF is normal, the amount of PM flowing out downstream of the DPF is very small. If the amount of PM flowing out downstream of the DPF is very small, even if it is attempted to confirm that the PM sensor exhibits a normal output in response to the arrival of the PM at the PM sensor, such confirmation is actually performed. Have difficulty.
- the PM sensor malfunctions by examining the output of the PM sensor during this PM collection performance reduction period. It is determined whether or not. That is, since there is a certain limit to the amount of PM collected by the DPF, it is necessary to recover the PM collecting performance of the DPF by performing a regeneration process as necessary.
- the PM collection performance of the DPF immediately after such DPF regeneration processing is performed, the PM collection performance of the DPF temporarily decreases. If it is a period when PM collection performance is falling, compared with the period when normal PM collection performance is exhibited, the outflow of PM to the DPF downstream will become relatively large. By examining the output of the PM sensor during this PM collection performance degradation period, it can be determined whether or not the PM sensor is out of order.
- PM sensors When detecting the presence of PM in the exhaust gas, various types of particulate matter detection sensors (PM sensors) are used. For example, there is a so-called capacitance type PM sensor that is also used in the apparatus according to the above Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-275977, and a so-called electric resistance type PM sensor based on a change in electric resistance. These various PM sensors can detect the presence and amount of PM in the exhaust gas based on a change in electrical physical quantity according to the adhesion of PM to the sensor element unit.
- capacitance type PM sensor that is also used in the apparatus according to the above Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-275977
- electric resistance type PM sensor based on a change in electric resistance.
- the output of the PM sensor detects whether an unintended PM concentration increase downstream of the DPF occurs, or the PM collection performance of the DPF. It can be used to detect whether a failure has occurred. Further, the output of the PM sensor can be used to accurately detect the PM amount in the exhaust gas and reflect the detection result in the operation control of the internal combustion engine in the configuration in which the PM sensor is provided upstream of the DPF. it can.
- the detection result based on the output change can be used without any problem.
- the inventor of the present application has found that the output change of the PM sensor is caused by various factors other than PM.
- Such an output change caused by factors other than PM is an abnormal output change, and this abnormal output change cannot be used as a basis for detecting the presence or amount of PM.
- a detection result based on such an abnormal output change cannot be used as a detection result of the PM amount or the like. If such an abnormal PM sensor output change and a normal PM sensor output change cannot be accurately discriminated, there is a possibility that the PM detection accuracy of the PM sensor is lowered and erroneous PM detection occurs.
- the present invention was made to solve the above problems, and by distinguishing between an output change caused by factors other than PM in a particulate matter detection sensor and a normal output change according to PM, It is an object of the present invention to provide an abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor that can determine the presence or absence of abnormality in the detection of particulate matter in the particulate matter detection sensor.
- a first invention is an abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor,
- the particulate matter detection sensor is attached to the sensor element part, a sensor element part provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, an output means for changing an output in accordance with the amount of PM attached to the sensor element part, and the sensor element part
- a heater capable of heating the sensor element part to a PM removal temperature, which is a temperature at which PM is removed from the sensor element part
- the abnormality determination device is Heater control means for controlling the heater so that the sensor element section is heated; Determination means for determining whether or not the particulate matter detection sensor has an abnormality based on an output change of the particulate matter detection sensor according to the control of the heater by the heater control means; It is characterized by providing.
- the heater control means includes Means for controlling the heater so that the sensor element unit is heated after an output change corresponding to an increase in the amount of PM attached to the sensor element unit in the particulate matter detection sensor;
- the determination means includes When the sensor element unit is heated according to the control of the heater, when the sensor element unit is below the PM removal temperature, an output corresponding to a decrease in the amount of PM attached to the sensor element unit in the particulate matter detection sensor Means for determining whether there is an abnormality in the particulate matter detection sensor based on whether or not there has been a change; It is characterized by including.
- the heater control means includes A specific temperature heater control means for controlling the heater so that the temperature of the sensor element unit is maintained at at least one predetermined temperature set lower than the PM removal temperature for a predetermined time; Specific temperature range heater control means for controlling the heater so that the temperature of the sensor element unit is maintained within a predetermined temperature range where the upper limit temperature is lower than the PM removal temperature for a predetermined time; It is characterized by including at least one.
- the specific temperature heater control means includes stepwise heater control means for controlling the heater so that the sensor element portion reaches the PM removal temperature through at least two stepwise temperature changes.
- a fifth invention is the fourth invention,
- the stepwise heater control means includes: The sensor element unit is held for a predetermined time at a first temperature that is equal to or higher than a temperature at which water adhering to the sensor element unit is removed and less than a temperature at which fuel adhering to the sensor element unit is removed.
- a first control for controlling the heater The heater is controlled so that the sensor element unit is held for a predetermined time at a second temperature that is equal to or higher than a temperature at which the fuel or organic substances adhering to the sensor element unit is removed and lower than the PM removal temperature.
- Two controls It is characterized in that at least one of the controls is executed.
- the heater control means includes A first output change which is an output change of the particulate matter detection sensor before the sensor element unit reaches the PM removal temperature, and the sensor element unit when the sensor element unit reaches the PM removal temperature.
- Control of the heater so that the sensor element unit is heated at a temperature increase rate that can be distinguished from a second output change that is an output change according to the particulate matter detection sensor according to PM removal of Means to do It is characterized by including.
- a seventh invention is the invention according to any one of the first to sixth inventions,
- the determination means includes Based on the change in output indicated by the particulate matter detection sensor in a temperature range where the water adhering to the sensor element portion is removed according to the control of the heater by the heater control means, the particulate matter detection sensor A means for determining whether there is an abnormality, It is characterized by including.
- the determination means includes The particulate matter detection sensor in a temperature range where the attached fuel on the sensor element portion is removed or a temperature range where attached organic matter on the sensor element portion is removed according to the heater control by the heater control means.
- Means for determining whether or not the particulate matter detection sensor is abnormal based on the output change indicated by It is characterized by including.
- the particulate matter detection sensor is: A fixing part connected to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, and fixing the sensor element part in the exhaust pipe; A wiring portion provided in the fixed portion and including a wiring for transmitting a signal of the sensor element portion to the outside;
- the determination means includes The particulate matter detection sensor is abnormal based on an output change indicated by the particulate matter detection sensor in a temperature range in which condensed water in the wiring portion is removed according to the heater control by the heater control means.
- Condensation determination means for determining whether or not there is, It is characterized by including.
- a tenth invention is the ninth invention,
- the heater control means includes The temperature of the sensor element unit is maintained for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature at which the water condensed on the wiring part is removed or at a lower limit temperature that is equal to or higher than a temperature at which the water condensed on the wiring part is removed.
- the condensation determination means includes And a means for determining whether or not the particulate matter detection sensor has an abnormality based on an output change indicated by the particulate matter detection sensor within the predetermined time.
- An eleventh aspect of the invention is the invention according to any one of the first to tenth aspects of the invention,
- the heater control means includes Means for controlling the heater to heat the sensor element portion to the PM removal temperature;
- the determination means includes Means for determining whether or not the particulate matter detection sensor is abnormal based on an output change of the particulate matter detection sensor when the sensor element unit is heated to the PM removal temperature; It is characterized by including.
- the abnormality determination device is Including a determination start means for causing the heater control means to perform control of the heater and causing the determination means to execute an abnormality determination when the output of the particulate matter detection sensor shows a sudden change of a predetermined change rate or more.
- a thirteenth invention is a failure determination device for a particulate matter collection system
- the particulate matter collection system comprises: A particulate filter provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; A sensor element portion provided downstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust passage, an output portion that changes an output according to the amount of PM attached to the sensor element portion, and the PM attached to the sensor element portion
- a particulate matter detection sensor having a heater capable of heating the sensor element part to a PM removal temperature that is a temperature removed from the sensor element part;
- the failure determination device is Any of the first to twelfth inventions for detecting an abnormality in the particulate matter detection sensor after an output change indicating an increase in PM amount corresponding to a failure of the particulate filter occurs in the output of the particulate matter detection sensor.
- An abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor according to any one of the inventions;
- a fourteenth aspect of the invention is an exhaust gas particulate matter detection device, A sensor element portion provided in a path through which exhaust gas for detecting the PM content is circulated, an output means for generating an output that changes in accordance with the amount of PM attached to the sensor element portion, and an attachment to the sensor element portion
- a particulate matter detection sensor comprising a heater capable of heating the sensor element part to a PM removal temperature, which is a temperature at which the PM is removed from the sensor element part,
- the particulate matter detection sensor according to any one of the first to twelfth inventions, wherein abnormality detection is performed on the particulate matter detection sensor after an output change indicating an increase in PM amount occurs in the particulate matter detection sensor.
- An abnormality determination device of Whether or not to use the output change indicating the PM amount increase in the particulate matter detection sensor for detecting the PM amount of the exhaust gas based on the result of the abnormality judgment on the particulate matter detection sensor by the abnormality judgment device.
- Output determining means for determining; PM amount detection means for detecting the PM amount of the exhaust gas based on the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor determined to be used for PM amount detection of the exhaust gas by the output determination means; It is characterized by providing.
- the particulate matter detection sensor shows some output change
- the output change is based on the PM adhesion to the sensor element part
- the PM attached to the sensor element part in response to the heater heating is the PM removal temperature.
- the particulate matter detection sensor should show an output change according to the PM removal.
- an output change is recognized in a temperature range other than the PM removal temperature in response to the heater heating, or an output change due to the removal of adhered PM at such a PM removal temperature does not occur as expected. It can be considered that the output change at the particulate matter detection sensor is not caused by PM adhesion to the sensor element portion.
- the first invention it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the particulate matter detection sensor based on the output change according to the heater heating.
- the output change according to the heater heating it is possible to discriminate between the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM, thereby detecting the particulate matter. Whether or not there is an abnormality can be determined.
- the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount in the particulate matter detection sensor when there is an output change corresponding to the decrease in the PM adhesion amount in spite of the temperature lower than the PM removal temperature according to the heater heating, It can be considered that the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount is caused by factors other than the PM adhesion. According to the second invention, by considering this point, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to the PM.
- the third aspect of the invention it is possible to surely check whether there is a change in the output of the particulate matter detection sensor at a temperature lower than the PM removal temperature when performing the heating control of the heater. Thereby, the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM can be discriminated with high accuracy.
- the fourth aspect of the invention it is possible to surely check whether there is a change in the output of the particulate matter detection sensor at a temperature lower than the PM removal temperature when performing the heating control of the heater. Thereby, the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM can be discriminated with high accuracy.
- the heating control of the heater when the heating control of the heater is performed, whether the output of the particulate matter detection sensor is a target for the water adhering to the sensor element unit and / or the fuel adhering to the sensor element unit. It can be determined whether or not. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM while specifying the cause of the output change.
- the sixth aspect of the invention it is possible to surely check whether there is any change in the output of the particulate matter detection sensor at a temperature lower than the PM removal temperature when performing the heating control of the heater. Thereby, the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM can be discriminated with high accuracy.
- the heating control of the heater when the heating control of the heater is performed, it is possible to determine whether or not the water adhering to the sensor element portion is a factor of the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM while specifying the cause of the output change.
- the heating control of the heater when the heating control of the heater is performed, it can be determined whether or not the attached fuel or attached organic matter of the sensor element portion is a factor of the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM while specifying the cause of the output change.
- the ninth aspect when performing heating control of the heater, it is possible to determine whether or not the water condensed in the wiring part is a factor of the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and the normal output change according to PM while specifying the cause of the output change.
- the heater temperature by holding the heater temperature for a predetermined time, it is possible to more reliably determine whether or not condensed water is a factor in the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor.
- the particulate matter detection sensor When the particulate matter detection sensor has an output change corresponding to an increase in the amount of adhered PM, and is heated to the PM removal temperature in response to heater heating, the PM in the sensor element portion is removed and the amount of adhered PM decreases. A corresponding output change should be observed. Contrary to this expectation, when the output change does not occur in the particulate matter detection sensor, it can be considered that the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount is caused by factors other than the PM adhesion. According to the eleventh aspect, by considering this point, it is possible to accurately discriminate between an output change caused by a factor other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and a normal output change according to the PM.
- the determination for distinguishing whether there is a sudden change in the PM amount can be started immediately. As a result, a sudden change in the PM amount to be dealt with can be quickly identified.
- the thirteenth aspect of the present invention it is possible to accurately detect a failure in the particulate matter collection system by discriminating between an output change caused by factors other than PM in the particulate matter detection sensor and a normal output change according to the PM. Can be determined.
- erroneous PM amount detection can be suppressed by determining whether or not the output change of the particulate matter detection sensor is in accordance with the amount of PM.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention, together with an internal combustion engine 2 to which the abnormality determination device is applied.
- the abnormality determination device for a particulate matter detection sensor according to this embodiment can be suitably used for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in a PM sensor provided in an internal combustion engine for a moving body such as a vehicle.
- the specific configuration of the internal combustion engine 2 in FIG. 1 is not particularly limited.
- the internal combustion engine 2 is a multi-cylinder engine that is a diesel engine and is generally used as an internal combustion engine for a vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine 2 includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve in each cylinder, and also includes a valve operating device that drives the intake valve and the exhaust valve.
- each cylinder is also provided with a fuel injection valve.
- An intake passage 5 communicates with the intake port of the internal combustion engine 2.
- the intake passage 5 is appropriately provided with, for example, an unillustrated intake pipe, intake manifold and other various pipes, and various intake system sensors (for example, an intake pressure sensor, an intake temperature sensor, and an air flow meter).
- the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine 2 communicates with a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) 4 via an exhaust manifold.
- the DPF 4 can collect particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as “PM”) in the exhaust gas (burned gas) discharged from the internal combustion engine 2.
- the exhaust pipe 6 communicates with the downstream of the DPF 4. Exhaust gas after passing through the DPF 4 flows into the exhaust pipe 6.
- a PM sensor 10 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 6.
- the PM sensor 10 can detect the amount of PM in the exhaust gas downstream of the DPF 4 by being positioned downstream of the DPF 4.
- the PM sensor 10 is connected to the control circuit unit 19.
- the control circuit unit 19 has a role of a controller of the PM sensor 10, is connected to the output terminal of the PM sensor 10, and transmits an electric signal from the PM sensor 10 to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 50. it can.
- the ECU 50 shown in FIG. the intake system and the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine 2 are provided with various sensors related to the control of the internal combustion engine. For example, a crank angle sensor that outputs a signal according to the rotation angle of the crankshaft is provided. From the crank angle sensor signal CA, the engine speed (number of revolutions per unit time) and the in-cylinder volume determined by the piston position are calculated. can do. Note that the amount of PM in the exhaust gas varies depending on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Utilizing this, in the first embodiment, the ECU 50 executes an estimation process for estimating the PM amount of the exhaust gas based on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 2 (including outputs from various sensors).
- the ECU 50 processes the signal from each sensor and reflects the processing result on the operation of each actuator (actuator for controlling the internal combustion engine 2).
- each actuator actuator for controlling the internal combustion engine 2.
- the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine 2 is also provided with a catalyst for purifying the exhaust gas.
- various exhaust gas sensors for example, a sensor for detecting NOx concentration of exhaust gas may be attached as necessary.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view schematically showing the PM sensor 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the sensor element unit 12 of the PM sensor 10.
- the PM sensor 10 according to the present embodiment is an electrical resistance PM sensor.
- the PM sensor 10 includes a sensor element unit 12.
- the sensor element part 12 is formed by forming platinum-like electrodes 16a and 16b facing each other as shown in FIG. 2, for example, on a body part made of alumina or the like and having a certain thickness.
- the portions where the electrodes 16a and 16b are formed in the sensor element unit 12 are provided in a path through which exhaust gas is detected in which the PM content is detected, and contact the PM in the exhaust gas.
- the PM sensor 10 includes a cover mounting portion 13 and a fixing portion 14.
- a cover member (not shown) surrounding the sensor element portion 12 and its surroundings is attached to the cover attachment portion 13. With the cover member attached, the sensor element portion 12 is exposed to the exhaust gas path, that is, the exhaust pipe 6.
- the PM sensor 10 has output characteristics in which the output voltage V increases as the amount of PM attached to the sensor element unit 12 increases.
- the PM sensor 10 includes a heater (not shown) on the back surface (the back surface side in FIG. 2) opposite to the surface on which the electrodes 16a and 16b of the sensor element unit 12 are provided. That is, the sensor element portion 12 has a certain thickness, and the electrodes 16a and 16b are provided on one surface of the two faces facing the sensor element portion 12, and the heater is provided on the other surface. .
- the heater is connected to the control circuit unit 19.
- the ECU 50 can control the heater (specifically, control of the heater heating temperature by adjusting the energization amount) via the control circuit unit 19.
- This heater has a heat generation performance that can heat the sensor element unit 12 to a temperature at which PM adhering to the sensor element unit 12 is removed (hereinafter also referred to as “PM removal temperature”). By heating the heater to the PM removal temperature, the adhered PM of the sensor element unit 12 can be removed, and the PM detection capability in the sensor element unit 12 can be recovered (initialized).
- the fixed portion 14 is a portion for attaching the PM sensor 10 to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 6.
- the fixing portion 14 has, for example, a screw portion on the surface thereof, and can be fixed into an attachment portion provided on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 6 by this screw portion.
- a wiring portion including terminals 18 a and 18 b extends inside the fixed portion 14.
- the terminal 18a is connected to the electrode 16a, and the terminal 18b is connected to the electrode 16b.
- the control circuit unit 19 is connected to the terminals 18 a and 18 b, and changes the voltage according to the PM adhesion amount (PM deposition amount on the surface of the sensor element unit 12) in the sensor element unit 12. Can be received.
- the ECU 50 can perform PM adhesion amount detection based on a change in electrical resistance between the electrodes 16 a and 16 b via the control circuit unit 19.
- a voltage is applied to the electrode portion (between the electrodes 16a and 16b) while the PM sensor 10 is being used while the internal combustion engine 2 is in operation. By applying this voltage, an electrostatic force that promotes the adhesion of PM to the sensor element unit 12 can be generated.
- Embodiment 1 Basic operation of the abnormality determination method according to the first embodiment
- the output change of the PM sensor 10 may be caused by various factors other than PM, unlike such normal output change.
- Such an output change caused by factors other than PM is an abnormal output change, and this abnormal output change cannot be used as a basis for detecting the presence or amount of PM.
- a detection result based on such an abnormal output change cannot be used as a detection result of the PM amount or the like. If the change in output of the PM sensor 10 caused by factors other than PM cannot be accurately determined from the change in output of the normal PM sensor 10, the PM detection accuracy of the PM sensor 10 may be reduced or erroneous PM detection may occur. There is a risk of inviting.
- the output change caused by factors other than PM in the PM sensor 10 and the normal state according to the PM by the following method.
- the output change at the PM sensor 10 is not caused by the PM adhesion to the sensor element unit 12. Can be considered.
- the output change in the PM sensor 10 causes the PM adhesion to the sensor element unit 12. It can be considered that it is not caused.
- the sensor element 12 is heated by controlling the heater, and the PM sensor 10 has an abnormality based on the output change of the PM sensor 10 according to the control of the heater. It was decided to determine whether there was.
- abnormal output change caused by factors other than PM in the PM sensor 10 and normality according to the PM It is possible to determine whether there is an abnormality in the detection of PM by discriminating from an output change.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage V of the PM sensor 10 and the passing PM amount.
- the passing PM amount (mg) in FIG. 3 has a correlation with the integrated amount of the PM amount that has passed through the attachment position of the PM sensor 10.
- This passing PM amount can be obtained, for example, by integrating the estimated PM amount based on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 2.
- the PM amount estimated value can be obtained, for example, by estimating the PM emission amount based on the operating conditions.
- a line indicated by reference numeral 20 indicates a relationship between the output voltage V and the passing PM amount assuming that the PM sensor 10 and the DPF 4 are normal.
- the DPF 4 is normal (that is, when there is no failure)
- a very small amount of PM flows downstream from the DPF 4 and this PM adheres (deposits) little by little to the sensor element unit 12.
- this amount of PM increases after a certain long period of time, the electric resistance between the electrodes 16a and 16b changes, and the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 changes as shown by the characteristic 20 in FIG. Therefore, even if the DPF 4 normally collects PM, after a sufficiently long period has elapsed, an output change corresponding to an increase in the amount of adhered PM occurs in the PM sensor 10 as in the characteristic 20.
- a line indicated by reference numeral 22 indicates a characteristic when an exhaust gas having a high PM concentration flows out to the PM sensor 10 due to a failure in the DPF 4. This is shown schematically. Compared with the characteristic 20 that is assumed to be normal, the characteristic 22 shows a sharp rise. When this change in output is normally caused by PM, it is said that a failure has occurred in DPF 4 because PM is detected downstream of DPF 4 that greatly exceeds the amount of PM passing through DPF 4 estimated from the operating conditions. Judgment can be made. However, the output change such as the characteristic 22 may be caused by various factors other than the PM output change of the PM sensor 10.
- the PM sensor 10 in the PM sensor 10 according to the present embodiment, at least the following four factors can be considered as the cause of the output change such as the characteristic 22 shown in FIG.
- A Abrupt increase in PM emission due to failure of DPF 4
- B Electrical short circuit of electrodes (electrodes 16a, 16b) of PM sensor 10
- C On electrodes (electrodes 16a, 16b) in sensor element 12
- D Condensation of moisture in the wiring part (inside the fixed part 14) of the PM sensor 10 Among these generation factors (A) to (D)
- the output change of the characteristic 22 occurs due to the generation factor (A)
- the PM detection performance of the PM sensor 10 does not work normally, and the output change of the PM sensor 10 corresponds to the PM. It is not a normal output change. Therefore, in the first embodiment of the present invention, based on the output change of the PM sensor 10 accompanying the heater temperature control determined as follows, using the analysis result of the output change occurrence factor by the inventor described above, PM It is determined whether or not the sensor 10 has an abnormality.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the abnormality determination device for the particulate matter detection sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the upper graph of FIG. 4 shows the temperature in the heater (not shown) of the sensor element unit 12, the vertical axis is the heater temperature, the horizontal axis is time (however, the right direction in FIG. 4 is the direction of time progression). Yes).
- the lower graph of FIG. 4 shows the output voltage of the PM sensor 10, with the vertical axis representing the output voltage value and the horizontal axis representing time.
- the upper graph and the lower graph in FIG. 4 are illustrated with the horizontal axis (time axis) on the same scale.
- the heater temperature characteristic “normal PM reset” indicated by a broken line indicates the state of the heater temperature control when PM removal in the PM sensor 10 is performed without using the abnormality determination method according to the first embodiment. Show.
- the heater temperature quickly rises to T3 when the heater is turned on, and the temperature of the sensor element unit 12 reaches the PM removal temperature.
- PM can be removed quickly and the PM detection function of the PM sensor 10 can be restored to the initial state.
- the heater temperature characteristic indicated by the solid line indicates the state of the heater temperature control when the abnormality determination method according to the first embodiment according to the first embodiment is used.
- stepwise (stepwise) heater temperature control as shown by a solid line in FIG. 4 is performed.
- FIG. 4 shows the output of the PM sensor 10 and the heater temperature after the start of the heater temperature control according to the first embodiment.
- the PM sensor 10 is not heated by the heater before the heater temperature control shown in FIG. 4 is started (that is, the ECU 50 turns off the heater).
- the heater temperature in FIG. 4 is assumed to be a temperature T0 lower than the temperature T1.
- the temperature of the sensor element unit 12 during the period when the heater is not heated is a temperature that is left to the right according to the exhaust gas temperature or the like.
- the heater temperature control and PM sensor 10 abnormality determination operations according to the first embodiment are as follows.
- the abnormality determination of the PM sensor 10 can be performed by implementing the following abnormality determination method.
- (Temperature T1) First, the heater is turned on, and the heater temperature is controlled to the temperature T1.
- the temperature T1 is a heater temperature sufficient to evaporate “water adhering to the sensor element unit 12”. Specifically, for example, the temperature T1 can be set appropriately within a temperature range of about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the electrode portion is changed according to the heater temperature becoming the temperature T1. Moisture adhering to is removed. In accordance with this removal, the output of the PM sensor 10 changes from high to low. As a result, the output of the PM sensor 10 changes as shown by an output change S1 in FIG. 4 in response to the heater temperature becoming the temperature T1. By examining whether or not the output change S1 corresponding to the temperature T1 has been detected, it is possible to inspect “moisture adhesion to the electrode portion” among the generation factors (C) described above.
- the heater is held at the temperature T1 for a certain time (“T1 holding time” in FIG. 4). Thereby, the presence or absence of the output change S1 can be detected more accurately.
- T1 holding time in FIG. 4
- the output change S1 is not recognized at the temperature T1
- it can be determined that the characteristic 22 in FIG. 3 is not an output change caused by "water adhesion to the electrode portion of the sensor element portion 12". .
- the temperature T2 is a heater temperature sufficient to evaporate the fuel attached to the sensor element unit 12.
- the temperature T2 is higher than the temperature T1 (T1 ⁇ T2), and specifically can be set to a temperature of about 300 ° C., for example.
- the evaporation temperature of the fuel adhering to the sensor element unit 12 differs to some extent depending on the fuel used in the internal combustion engine 2, it is possible to appropriately set it within the evaporation temperature range of the fuel adhering to that fact. it can.
- the heater temperature becomes the temperature T2.
- the fuel or organic matter in the electrode part is removed.
- the output of the PM sensor 10 changes from high to low.
- the output of the PM sensor 10 changes as an output change S2 in FIG. 4 as the heater temperature rises from the temperature T1 to T2.
- the characteristic 22 in FIG. 3 is caused by “attachment of fuel or organic substance to the electrode portion of the sensor element portion 12”. It can be determined that the output is not changed.
- T2 retention time In the first embodiment, when the output change S2 corresponding to the temperature T2 is not recognized, the heater is kept at the temperature T2 for a certain time after the heater temperature control to the temperature T2 ("T2 holding time” in FIG. 4). Hold.
- the generation factor (D) described above is that an output change such as the characteristic 22 occurs in the PM sensor 10 due to “moisture dew condensation in the wiring portion (inside the fixed portion 14) of the PM sensor 10”. After the heater temperature reaches the temperature T2, the condensed moisture does not always evaporate all at once. In some cases, the moisture gradually evaporates, and after a certain amount of time has passed, the condensed moisture evaporates and the output of the PM sensor 10 returns to normal (in the first embodiment, the output increases from low to high).
- the output change S3 in FIG. 4 shows an example of such a case.
- the “T2 holding time” is set based on the assumption that the output change S3 may not occur until a certain time has elapsed after the heater temperature reaches the temperature T2. It is defined as “sufficient length for evaporating water condensed on the wiring portion (inside the fixed portion 14) of the PM sensor 10”. Thereby, the inspection about the above-mentioned generation factor (D) can be performed with high accuracy.
- the characteristic 22 in FIG. 3 indicates that the output change caused by “moisture condensed in the wiring part (inside the fixed part 14) of the PM sensor 10”. It can be judged that it is not.
- the heater temperature is increased from the temperature T2 to the temperature T3.
- the temperature T3 is a heater temperature that causes the temperature of the sensor element section 12 to reach the PM removal temperature as described above, and is the same temperature as the target temperature in the control of “normal PM reset”.
- the characteristic 22 is an output change caused by “PM adhesion of the sensor element unit 12”
- the PM of the electrode unit is removed according to the heater temperature becoming the temperature T2.
- the output of the PM sensor 10 changes from high to low.
- the output of the PM sensor 10 changes as an output change S4 in FIG. 4 as the heater temperature rises from the temperature T2 to T3.
- the characteristic 22 is a characteristic caused by the generation factor (A), that is, “a sudden increase in PM emission due to a failure of the DPF 4”. It can also be judged.
- the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 is still high even after the heater temperature control to the temperature T3 as shown by the broken line S5 in FIG. 4, the PM is removed even though the PM is removed. There is a situation in which there is no change in the output of the sensor 10.
- the generation factor (B) described above is “electrical short circuit of the electrodes (electrodes 16a and 16b) of the PM sensor 10”.
- the temperature T1, T2, and T3 may be determined in accordance with the above-described guidelines while conducting experiments or considering specific specifications of the PM sensor product. And what is necessary is just to perform step-shaped heater temperature control as shown in the upper stage of FIG. 4 on ECU50, or when there exists a control circuit for heater control.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a routine executed by ECU 50 in the first embodiment of the present invention. This routine is executed during operation of the internal combustion engine 2. This routine is repeatedly executed every predetermined time.
- the ECU 50 executes a process of determining whether or not a predetermined PM sensor output has occurred (step S100).
- the ECU 50 executes a predetermined determination process for determining whether or not a sudden output change like the characteristic 22 in FIG. 3 described above has occurred.
- this determination process it is determined whether or not the rate of change of the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, that is, whether or not the output of the PM sensor 10 exhibits a sudden change greater than or equal to the predetermined rate of change.
- a value of “output voltage change amount per unit PM passage amount” can be used.
- the PM amount estimated value is estimated based on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 2, and further, the PM amount estimated value is used to estimate the downstream of the DPF 4.
- the PM passage amount is calculated, and the numerical value obtained by this calculation can be used.
- the estimation process for estimating the PM amount may be executed on the ECU 50 separately from the routine of FIG.
- the rate of change of the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 based on the amount of change in the output voltage per unit PM passing amount, an abnormality determination is made according to various scenes where the amount of PM generation differs (that is, the operating conditions differ). Therefore, it is possible to appropriately determine whether or not the output change of the PM sensor 10 is steep enough.
- the output voltage change amount per unit time may be examined instead of the output voltage change amount per unit PM passage amount. If the predetermined PM sensor output is not expressed in step S100, then the current routine is terminated and the process returns.
- step S100 determines whether the determination result in step S100 is affirmative (Yes). If the determination result in step S100 is affirmative (Yes), then the ECU 50 executes a process of turning off the voltage applied to the PM sensor 10 (step S102). By this processing, the promotion of PM adhesion to the sensor element unit 12 is stopped. At the time of step S102, the output of the PM sensor 10 is “high”, indicating an increase in the amount of adhered PM, or a significant amount of PM detection.
- the ECU 50 executes a process for controlling the heater temperature to T1 (step S104).
- the ECU 50 executes a process of turning on the heater that has been turned off and adjusting the energization amount to the heater so that the heater temperature becomes T1.
- the ECU 50 executes a process of determining whether or not the PM sensor 10 has a predetermined sensor output change (S1) (step S106).
- the ECU 50 executes a process of determining whether or not there has been a decrease in output voltage such as the output change S1 in FIG. 4 described above in response to the heater temperature increase to the temperature T1. Specifically, for example, it may be determined whether or not the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 that has become high in step S100 remains high.
- the presence or absence of the output change S1 is reliably inspected by holding the temperature T1 for a predetermined T1 holding time.
- step S106 If the sensor output change is not recognized in step S106 (when the determination result is No), the ECU 50 next executes a process of controlling the heater temperature to T2 (step S108). In this step, the ECU 50 executes a process of adjusting the energization amount to the heater so as to realize the heater temperature increase control from the temperature T1 to the temperature T2 in the stepped temperature characteristic shown in FIG.
- the ECU 50 executes a process for determining whether or not the PM sensor 10 has a predetermined sensor output change (S2) (step S110).
- the ECU 50 executes a process for determining whether or not there has been a decrease in output voltage such as the output change S2 in FIG. 4 described above in response to the heater temperature increase to the temperature T2. Specifically, for example, it may be determined whether or not the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 remains high.
- step S112 If no change in the sensor output is recognized in step S110 (when the determination result is No), the ECU 50 executes a process for holding the temperature T2 for a certain time (step S112).
- the process of step S112 is a process for “refraining from a change in heater temperature (heater temperature increase) until the time after the control to the temperature T2 exceeds a predetermined threshold with the heater temperature set to T2”.
- the process in step S112 is a part of the process for performing the abnormality determination related to the “T2 holding time” described above.
- the ECU 50 again executes a process of determining whether or not the PM sensor 10 has a predetermined sensor output change (S3) (step S114).
- the ECU 50 executes a process of determining whether or not there has been a decrease in output voltage as in the output change S3 of FIG. 4 described above during the temperature T2 holding period. Specifically, for example, it may be determined whether or not the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 remains high.
- step S116 the ECU 50 executes a process of adjusting the energization amount to the heater so as to realize the heater temperature increase control from the temperature T2 to T3 in the stepped temperature characteristic shown in FIG.
- the ECU 50 executes a process for determining whether or not the PM sensor 10 has a predetermined sensor output change (S4) (step S118).
- the ECU 50 executes a process for determining whether or not there has been a decrease in output voltage such as the output change S4 in FIG. 4 described above in response to the heater temperature increase to the temperature T3. Specifically, for example, it may be determined whether or not the output voltage of the PM sensor 10 remains high.
- Step S122 When the sensor output change is not recognized in step S118 (when the determination result is No), the ECU 50 executes a process of outputting an abnormality determination result indicating that a sensor failure (electrode part short-circuit) has occurred.
- Step S122 When the sensor element unit 12 is heated to the PM removal temperature in response to the heater heating after the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount in the PM sensor 10 (output generation in step S100), the sensor element unit 12 Thus, the output change S4 corresponding to the decrease in the amount of adhered PM should be recognized.
- step S118 when a sensor output change is recognized in step S118 (when the determination result is Yes), the ECU 50 executes a process of outputting a determination result that the sensor output is OK (step S120). ). Thereby, the determination result that the PM sensor 10 is normal is obtained. If the PM adhering to the PM sensor 10 needs to be removed after the determination result, the “normal PM reset” described above may be performed.
- the ECU 50 further executes a process of outputting a determination result indicating that a failure has occurred in the DPF 4 (step S121).
- the ECU 50 executes a predetermined determination process for determining whether or not an abrupt output change such as the characteristic 22 of FIG. 3 described above has occurred. If the PM sensor 10 is normal, it can be determined that the sudden output change generated in step S100 is an output change caused by “a sudden increase in PM emission amount due to a failure of the DPF 4”.
- the current routine ends and the process returns.
- step S124 a determination result that the output of the PM sensor 10 expressed in step S100 is abnormal can be output.
- step S126 the ECU 50 sets the heater temperature to T3, and the sensor element unit 12 is quickly heated along the heater temperature characteristic “normal PM reset” indicated by the broken line shown in FIG. Thereby, the adhesion substance of PM sensor 10 including PM is removed, and the PM detection capability of PM sensor 10 can be recovered.
- step S126 the ECU 50 executes processing for turning on the applied voltage turned off in step S102 (step S128). Thereafter, the current routine ends and the process returns.
- the sensor element unit 12 After the ECU 50 has an output change (step S100) corresponding to an increase in the PM adhesion amount of the sensor element unit 12 (or electrode unit) in the PM sensor 10, the sensor element The process which controls a heater so that the part 12 may be heated can be performed. Further, when the ECU 50 heats the sensor element unit 12 according to the control of the heater, the sensor element unit 12 is in the temperature range of T0 or more and less than T3 while the sensor element unit 12 is less than the PM removal temperature T3. Based on whether or not there is an output change (S1, S2, S3) corresponding to a decrease in the PM adhesion amount of the part 12, it is possible to execute a process for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the PM sensor 10.
- the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount in the PM sensor 10 when there is an output change corresponding to the decrease in the PM adhesion amount even though the temperature is lower than the PM removal temperature in accordance with the heater heating, It can be considered that the output change corresponding to the increase in the PM adhesion amount is caused by factors other than the PM adhesion. By considering this point, it is possible to accurately determine the output change caused by factors other than PM in the PM sensor 10 and the normal output change corresponding to the PM.
- the PM sensor 10 is the “particulate matter detection sensor” in the first invention
- the sensor element unit 12 is the “sensor element unit” in the first invention
- the wiring section (including the terminals 18a and 18b) and the control circuit section 19 are the “output means” in the first invention
- the heater (not shown) on the back surface of the sensor element section 12 is the “output means” in the first invention. It corresponds to “heater”.
- the “heater control means” according to the first aspect of the present invention is realized when the ECU 50 executes the processes of steps S104, S108, S112 and S116 of the routine of FIG.
- the ECU 50 executes the processes of steps S106, S110, S114, S118, S120 and step S124, thereby realizing the “determination means” in the first invention.
- the ECU 50 executes the heater temperature control in steps S104 and S106 of the routine of FIG. 5 or the ECU 50 executes the heater temperature control in steps S108, S110 and S112.
- the “specific temperature heater control means” in the third invention is realized.
- the ECU 50 executes the processes of steps S104, S108, S112, and S116, so that the three-stage temperature from T0 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T3 as shown in FIG. Control is taking place.
- the “stepped heater control means” in the fourth invention is realized.
- the ECU 50 executes the heater temperature control in steps S104 and S106 of the routine of FIG. 5, thereby realizing the “first control” in the fifth aspect of the invention.
- the “second control” in the fifth aspect of the invention is realized.
- the output changes S1, S2 and S3 in the PM sensor 10 are the “first output change” in the sixth invention, and the output change S4 in the PM sensor 10 is the sixth output change. This corresponds to the “second output change” in the invention.
- the PM sensor 10 is the “PM sensor” in the ninth invention
- the sensor element unit 12 is the “sensor element unit” in the ninth invention
- the fixing unit 14 is The wiring portion including the terminals 18a and 18b corresponds to the “fixing portion” in the ninth invention, and corresponds to the “wiring portion” in the ninth invention.
- the “determination start means” in the twelfth aspect of the present invention is realized by the ECU 50 executing the process of step S100.
- the DPF 4 corresponds to the “particulate filter” in the thirteenth invention
- the PM sensor 10 corresponds to the “PM sensor” in the thirteenth invention.
- step S121 of the routine of FIG. 5 the “failure determination means” of the “failure determination device for particulate matter collection system” according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is realized.
- an electrical resistance PM sensor 10 is used as the particulate matter detection sensor.
- the PM sensor 10 can indicate the amount of PM adhesion or the occurrence of a significant amount of PM adhesion depending on the magnitude of the output voltage.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Various PM sensors that can change the output (output voltage, output current, and other output signals) according to the PM adhesion and can remove the adhered PM with a heater can be used.
- a capacitance type PM sensor other than the electric resistance type may be used.
- the PM sensor changes the output voltage from “low to high” in accordance with the increase in the PM adhesion amount, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a PM sensor in which the output voltage changes from “high ⁇ low” in accordance with an increase in the amount of PM adhesion may be used because of differences in circuit configuration of individual sensors. Even for such a PM sensor, it is only necessary to determine the presence or absence of an output change according to the heater temperature control, and the present invention can be applied.
- Embodiment 1 three-stage heater temperature control of temperature T0 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T3 was performed.
- the number of stages may be two, or conversely, the number of stages may be more than three (four or more).
- the heater temperature control may be performed only to the temperature T1, and it may be determined only whether there is an output change S1.
- the heater temperature control may be performed only for the temperature T2, and it may be determined only whether there is an output change S2.
- the T2 holding time may be omitted.
- the heater temperature control for only the temperature T3 may be performed to determine whether or not a normal output change S4 due to PM removal has occurred.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment in which the temperature rise and the temperature holding are alternately performed as shown in FIG.
- the present invention is not limited to the case where the control value (energization amount) is fixed after the heater temperature (heater energization amount) has reached the target value.
- the temperature (target temperature) may be controlled to increase or decrease linearly or in a curve at a moderate temperature change rate.
- the temperature change rate in each section may be the same or different.
- the heater energization amount is adjusted to the respective temperatures of T1, T2, and T3 as target temperatures.
- the present invention is not a thing. For example, “a temperature range above the temperature at which the output change S1 occurs and less than the temperature at which the output change S2 occurs” or “a temperature range above the temperature at which the output change S2 occurs and below the temperature at which the output change S4 occurs” It may be a control form in which the energization amount of the heater is adjusted so that the heater temperature stays inside.
- the heater temperature control in the present invention is not limited to the step-like temperature increase control as shown in FIG. 4 of the first embodiment.
- output changes S1 and S2 corresponding to the removal of “adhering substances other than PM to the sensor element unit 12” and “condensation water in the wiring unit in the fixed unit 14” are removed. It is only necessary to distinguish the output change S3 according to the output change S4 according to PM removal. Therefore, the output changes S1, S2, S3 of the PM sensor 10 before the sensor element unit 12 reaches the temperature T3 can be distinguished from the output changes of the PM sensor according to the PM removal when the sensor element unit 12 reaches the temperature T3.
- the energization amount of the heater may be increased and adjusted so that the temperature of the heater is increased at a temperature increase rate (temperature increase rate). In this case, the heater temperature characteristics do not necessarily have a clear step shape as shown in FIG.
- the ECU 50 executes a process of outputting a determination result that the sensor output is abnormal in step S124.
- this step S124 not only the determination result that the sensor output is abnormal, but also the process of outputting the information “what abnormality has occurred in the PM sensor 10” as the determination result may be used. That is, the process of step S124 outputs “information indicating the type of abnormality in the PM sensor 10” as a determination result, depending on which determination process in steps S106, S108, and S114 is recognized as an output change. It may be. If the determination result in step S106 is Yes, an output change S1 occurs. If the determination result in step S110 is Yes, an output change S2 occurs.
- step S114 If the determination result in step S114 is Yes, an output change S3 occurs. .
- the abnormality that occurs in the PM sensor 10 can be distinguished from the generation factor (C) or (D) according to the output changes S1, S2, and S3. Therefore, in step S124, if the determination result in step S106 is Yes (detection of output change S1), the ECU 50 indicates that there is an abnormality in “water adhesion to the electrode portion of the sensor element portion 12”.
- the present invention is applied to a particulate matter collection system in which the PM sensor 10 is provided downstream of the DPF 4 to detect PM downstream of the DPF 4.
- the system of the first embodiment uses the PM sensor 10 for detecting a failure of the DPF 4 and uses an estimated value based on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 2 for detecting the PM amount of the exhaust gas.
- the present invention is not limited to such an application form.
- a system in which a PM sensor is provided in a section from the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine 2 to the DPF 4 that is, an upstream section of the DPF 4
- the PM amount of the exhaust gas is detected based on the detection value of the PM sensor. .
- the abnormality determination device for the particulate matter detection sensor according to the present invention can be applied to such a system.
- a PM sensor provided between the internal combustion engine 2 and the DPF 4 (the output may be changed according to the amount of PM adhesion
- the routine shown in FIG. 5 is executed in order to determine whether or not the output change of the electric resistance type of the same type as that of the PM sensor 10 is normal.
- the exhaust pipe 6 is the “path through which exhaust gas is detected in which the PM content is detected” in the fourteenth aspect
- the PM sensor 10 is the “PM sensor” in the fourteenth aspect.
- step S120 when the sensor output OK determination is made (step S120), the PM amount is detected (execution of calculation processing, etc.) based on the output value of the PM sensor, while the sensor output abnormality (step S120) If the determination at S124) is made, use of the output value of the PM sensor is prohibited.
- step S121 is deleted from the routine of FIG. Thereby, the “output determination means” and the “PM amount detection means” in the fourteenth aspect of the present invention are realized.
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Abstract
Description
前記粒子状物質検出センサは、内燃機関の排気通路に備えられたセンサ素子部と、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて出力を変化させる出力手段と、前記センサ素子部に付着したPMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータと、を備えており、
前記異常判定装置が、
前記センサ素子部が加熱されるように前記ヒータを制御するヒータ制御手段と、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じた前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいて前記センサ素子部のPM付着量増大に相当する出力変化があった後に、前記センサ素子部が加熱されるように前記ヒータを制御する手段を含み、
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータの制御に応じた前記センサ素子部の加熱の際、前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度未満にあるときに前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいて前記センサ素子部のPM付着量減少に相当する出力変化があったか否かに基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部の温度を、前記PM除去温度よりも低く定めた少なくとも1つの所定温度に所定時間保持するように、前記ヒータを制御する特定温度ヒータ制御手段と、
前記センサ素子部の温度を、所定時間、上限の温度が前記PM除去温度よりも低い所定温度域内に保持するように、前記ヒータを制御する特定温度範囲ヒータ制御手段と、
のうち少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする。
前記特定温度ヒータ制御手段は、少なくとも2段の階段状の温度変化を経て前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に到達するように前記ヒータの制御を行う段階的ヒータ制御手段を、含むことを特徴とする。
前記段階的ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部へ付着した水が除去される温度以上かつ前記センサ素子部へ付着した燃料が除去される温度未満の温度である第1温度に前記センサ素子部が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータを制御する第1制御と、
前記センサ素子部への付着燃料または付着有機物が除去される温度以上かつ前記PM除去温度未満の温度である第2温度に前記センサ素子部が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータを制御する第2制御と、
のうち少なくとも一方の制御を実行するものであることを特徴とする。
前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に達する前における前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化である第1の出力変化と、前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に到達した際における前記センサ素子部でのPM除去に応じた前記粒子状物質検出センサに応じた出力変化である第2の出力変化と、を区別できる程度の温度上昇速度で前記センサ素子部の加熱を行うように、前記ヒータの制御を行う手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記センサ素子部の付着水が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記センサ素子部の付着燃料が除去される程度の温度域または前記センサ素子部の付着有機物が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記粒子状物質検出センサは、
前記内燃機関の排気管に接続し、前記センサ素子部を前記排気管内に固定する固定部と、
前記固定部内に設けられ、前記センサ素子部の信号を外部へ伝達する配線を含む配線部と、
を有し、
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記配線部の結露水が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する結露判定手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記配線部に結露した水が除去される所定温度に又は下限の温度が前記配線部に結露した水が除去される温度以上の所定温度域内に前記センサ素子部の温度が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータの温度を制御する手段を含み、
前記結露判定手段は、
前記所定時間内における前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を含むことを特徴とする。
前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部を前記PM除去温度まで加熱するように、前記ヒータを制御する手段を含み、
前記判定手段は、
前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度まで加熱された際の前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする。
前記異常判定装置は、
前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力が所定変化率以上の急な変化を示したら、前記ヒータ制御手段に前記ヒータの制御を実行させ且つ前記判定手段に異常判定を実行させる判定開始手段を含むことを特徴とする。
前記粒子状物質捕集システムが、
内燃機関の排気通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタと、
前記排気通路における前記パティキュレートフィルタの下流に備えられたセンサ素子部と、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて出力を変化させる出力部と、前記センサ素子部に付着した前記PMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータとを有する粒子状物質検出センサと、
を備え、
前記故障判定装置が、
前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力に前記パティキュレートフィルタの故障時に相当するPM量増大を示す出力変化があった後に、前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常検出を行う第1乃至12の発明のいずれか1つの発明にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置と、
前記異常判定装置により前記粒子状物質検出センサが異常ではないと判定された場合に、前記パティキュレートフィルタに故障が発生していると判定する故障判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
PM含有量の検出が行われる排気ガスが流通する経路に備えられたセンサ素子部、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて変化する出力を発する出力手段、および前記センサ素子部に付着した前記PMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータを備えた粒子状物質検出センサと、
前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいてPM量増大を示す出力変化があった後に、前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常検出を行う第1乃至12の発明のいずれか1つの発明にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置と、
前記異常判定装置による前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常判定の結果に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサにおけるPM量増大を示す前記出力変化を前記排気ガスのPM量検知に用いるか否かを決定する出力判定手段と、
前記出力判定手段で前記排気ガスのPM量検知に用いるとの決定がされた前記粒子状物質検出センサの前記出力変化に基づいて、前記排気ガスのPM量を検知するPM量検知手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
第2の発明によれば、この点を考慮することにより、粒子状物質検出センサにおけるPM以外の要因によって引き起こされる出力変化とPMに応じた正常な出力変化とを精度良く判別することができる。
第11の発明によれば、この点を考慮することにより、粒子状物質検出センサにおけるPM以外の要因によって引き起こされる出力変化とPMに応じた正常な出力変化とを精度良く判別することができる。
[実施の形態1の構成]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置の構成を、これが適用される内燃機関2とともに示す図である。本実施形態にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置は、車両等の移動体用の内燃機関が備えるPMセンサに異常があるか否かを判定するために好適に用いることができる。
図1の内燃機関2の具体的構成については特に限定は無いが、例えば、複数気筒(4気筒、6気筒その他の2以上の気筒)を備えた各種の気筒配列方式(直列、V型を含む各種の方式)が採用可能であり、例えば、4ストロークレシプロエンジンとしてもよい。本実施形態では、内燃機関2は、ディーゼルエンジンであって車両用内燃機関として一般的である複数気筒エンジンである。内燃機関2は、個々の気筒にそれぞれ吸気弁、排気弁を備え、それらの吸気弁、排気弁を駆動する動弁装置も備えている。また、個々の気筒についてそれぞれ燃料噴射弁も備えられているものとする。
内燃機関2の吸気ポートには、吸気通路5が連通している。吸気通路5は、例えば、図示しない吸気管、吸気マニホールドその他の各種配管や、各種吸気系センサ(例えば、吸気圧センサ、吸気温センサ、エアフローメータ)が適宜に設けられている。一方、内燃機関2の排気ポートは、排気マニホールドを介して、DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)4に連通している。DPF4は、内燃機関2から排出される排気ガス(既燃ガス)中の粒子状物質(Perticulate Matter、以下、単に「PM」とも称す)を捕集することができる。
なお、実施の形態1においては、内燃機関2の運転中におけるPMセンサ10使用中は、電極部(電極16a、16bの間)に対して電圧が印加される。この電圧印加により、センサ素子部12へのPM付着を促進する静電気力を発生させることができる。
(実施の形態1にかかる異常判定手法の基本動作)
PMセンサ10が出力変化を示した場合、この出力変化がPMにより正常に生じたものであるときは、その出力変化に基づく検出結果を問題なく利用することができる。しかしながら、本願発明者が鋭意研究により得た知見によると、そのような正常な出力変化とは異なり、PMセンサ10の出力変化がPM以外の種々の要因によっても引き起こされている場合がある。このようなPM以外の要因で生ずる出力変化はいわば異常な出力変化であり、この異常な出力変化はPMの存在や量の検出の根拠として用いることができない。そのような異常な出力変化に基づく検出結果を、PM量等の検出結果として用いることもできない。PM以外の要因によって引き起こされるPMセンサ10の出力変化を、正常なPMセンサ10の出力変化から正確に判別することができないと、PMセンサ10のPM検出の精度低下や誤ったPM検出の発生を招くおそれがある。
すなわち、PMセンサ10が何らかの出力変化を示した場合にその出力変化がセンサ素子部12へのPM付着に基づくものであるならば、ヒータ加熱に応じてPM除去温度でセンサ素子部12に付着したPMが除去されることにより、PMセンサ10がそのPM除去に応じた出力変化を示すはずである。これに反して、ヒータ加熱に応じてPM除去温度以外の温度域において出力変化が認められた場合には、PMセンサ10での出力変化がセンサ素子部12へのPM付着に起因するものではないと考えることができる。或いは、ヒータ加熱に応じてそのようなPM除去温度での付着PM除去による出力変化が予想どおりに生じなかった場合にも、PMセンサ10での出力変化が、センサ素子部12へのPM付着に起因するものではないと考えることができる。
このような点を考慮して、実施の形態1では、ヒータを制御してセンサ素子部12を加熱し、このヒータの制御に応じたPMセンサ10の出力変化に基づいてPMセンサ10に異常があるか否かを判定することにした。このような実施の形態1にかかる手法によれば、PMセンサ10の異常判定が必要となったときに、PMセンサ10におけるPM以外の要因によって引き起こされる異常な出力変化と、PMに応じた正常な出力変化とを判別して、PMの検出についての異常の有無を判定することができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置の、より具体的な形態について説明する。以下の説明では、先ず、実施の形態1において、PMセンサ10について実施の形態1にかかる異常判定を利用する場面の、具体的な例について説明する。続いて、そのような異常判定実行場面において異常判定を効果的に行うことのできる、本発明の好ましい具体的実施形態について説明する。
(A)DPF4の故障による急なPM排出量増加
(B)PMセンサ10の電極部(電極16a、16b)の電気的なショート
(C)センサ素子部12における電極部(電極16a、16b)上への、PM以外のもの(例えば、水分、燃料又は有機物)の付着
(D)PMセンサ10の配線部(固定部14内部)における水分の結露
これらの発生要因(A)~(D)のうち、発生要因(A)により特性22の出力変化が生じた場合には、PMセンサ10自体のPM検出性能は正常であると判断することができる。一方、発生要因(B)~(D)により特性22の出力変化が生じた場合には、PMセンサ10のPM検出性能が正常に働いておらず、PMセンサ10の出力変化はPMに応じた正常な出力変化ではない。
そこで、発明実施の形態1においては、上記の本願発明者による出力変化発生要因の分析結果を利用して、下記のように定めたヒータ温度制御に伴うPMセンサ10の出力変化に基づいて、PMセンサ10に異常があるか否かを判別する。
なお、図4には、実施の形態1にかかるヒータ温度制御の開始以後の、PMセンサ10の出力やヒータ温度が示されている。実施の形態1においては、図4に示すヒータ温度制御の開始前は、PMセンサ10はヒータによる加熱がされていない(つまりECU50はヒータをOFFとしている)。これに応じて、図4のヒータ温度は、温度T1よりも低い温度T0であるものとする。なお、実施の形態1では、ヒータによる加熱がされていない期間におけるセンサ素子部12の温度は、排気ガス温度等に応じたなりゆきに任せた温度である。
(温度T1)
先ず、ヒータがONとされて、ヒータ温度は温度T1へと制御される。温度T1は、「センサ素子部12に付着した水分」を蒸発させるために十分なヒータ温度である。温度T1は、具体的には、例えば、150℃から200℃程度の温度範囲内において適宜に設定した温度とすることができる。
このように温度T1を定めた場合には、特性22が「センサ素子部12の電極部への水分付着」により生じた出力変化であるときには、ヒータ温度が温度T1となるのに応じて電極部に付着した水分が除去される。この除去に応じて、PMセンサ10の出力が高から低へと変化する。その結果、PMセンサ10の出力は、ヒータ温度が温度T1となるのに応じて図4の出力変化S1のように変化する。温度T1に応じた出力変化S1が検出されたか否かを調べることにより、上述した発生要因(C)のうち「電極部への水分の付着」を検査することができる。
なお、実施の形態1では、一定時間(図4の「T1保持時間」)はヒータを温度T1に保持することにしている。これにより、出力変化S1の有無をより正確に検出することができる。
一方、温度T1において出力変化S1が認められなかった場合には、図3の特性22は「センサ素子部12の電極部への水分付着」により生じた出力変化ではないという判断をすることができる。
温度T1に応じた出力変化S1が認められない場合は、温度T1から温度T2へとヒータ温度を上昇させる。温度T2は、センサ素子部12に付着した燃料を蒸発させるのに十分なヒータ温度である。温度T2は、温度T1よりも高い温度であり(T1<T2)、具体的には、例えば、300℃程度の温度に設定することができる。或いは、内燃機関2に使用する燃料に応じてセンサ素子部12の付着燃料の蒸発温度がある程度相違する場合には、それを考慮して、付着燃料の蒸発温度範囲内において適宜に設定することができる。
このように温度T2を定めた場合には、特性22が「センサ素子部12の電極部への燃料又は有機物の付着」により生じた出力変化であるときには、ヒータ温度が温度T2となるのに応じて電極部の燃料又は有機物が除去される。この除去に応じて、PMセンサ10の出力が高から低へと変化する。その結果、PMセンサ10の出力は、ヒータ温度が温度T1からT2へと上昇するのに応じて、図4の出力変化S2のように変化する。温度T2に応じた出力変化S2が検出されたか否かを調べることにより、上述した発生要因(C)のうち「電極部への燃料又は有機物の付着」を検査することができる。
一方、温度T1からT2への温度上昇の際に出力変化S2が認められなかった場合には、図3の特性22は「センサ素子部12の電極部への燃料又は有機物の付着」により生じた出力変化ではないという判断をすることができる。
実施の形態1では、温度T2に応じた出力変化S2が認められない場合には、温度T2へのヒータ温度制御の後の一定時間(図4の「T2保持時間」)はヒータを温度T2に保持する。前述した発生要因(D)は、「PMセンサ10の配線部(固定部14内部)で結露した水分」によってPMセンサ10に特性22のような出力変化が生ずるというものである。ヒータ温度が温度T2に到達した後、この結露した水分は一気に蒸発するとは限らない。徐々に水分が蒸発していき、ある程度の時間が経過してから結露した水分が蒸発して、PMセンサ10の出力が正常に戻る(実施の形態1では低から高へと増大する)場合がある。図4における出力変化S3は、その様な場合の一例を示している。このように、ヒータ温度が温度T2に至った後ある程度の時間が経過してからでないと出力変化S3が生じない場合があることを想定して、実施の形態1では、「T2保持時間」が「PMセンサ10の配線部(固定部14内部)に結露した水を蒸発させるための十分な長さ」に定められている。これにより、上述した発生要因(D)についての検査を精度良く行うことができる。
一方、T2保持時間の時間内において出力変化S3が認められなかった場合には、図3の特性22は「PMセンサ10の配線部(固定部14内部)で結露した水分」により生じた出力変化ではないという判断をすることができる。
実施の形態1では、T2保持時間中に出力変化S3が認められなかった場合には、温度T2から温度T3へとヒータ温度を上昇させる。実施の形態1においては、温度T3は、前述したようにセンサ素子部12の温度をPM除去温度へと到達させるヒータ温度であり、「通常PMリセット」の制御における目標温度と同じ温度である。特性22が「センサ素子部12のPM付着」により生じた出力変化であるときには、ヒータ温度が温度T2となるのに応じて電極部のPMが除去される。この除去に応じて、PMセンサ10の出力が高から低へと変化する。その結果、PMセンサ10の出力は、ヒータ温度が温度T2からT3へと上昇するのに応じて、図4の出力変化S4のように変化する。温度T2からT3へのヒータ温度制御に応じた出力変化S4が検出されたか否かを調べることにより、PMセンサ10がPM付着に応じた出力変化を正常に示したかどうかを検査することができる。
また、PMセンサ10の出力変化が正常なものであったという結果が得られたため、特性22が、発生要因(A)つまり「DPF4の故障による急なPM排出量増加」により生じた特性であると判断することもできる。
一方、図4に破線で示す出力S5のように、温度T3へのヒータ温度制御をしても未だPMセンサ10の出力電圧が高である場合には、PMが除去されたにもかかわらずPMセンサ10の出力に変化が無いという事態が発生している。このような事態は、PMセンサ10におけるハードウェア的な故障が生じている可能性が考えられる。実施の形態1では、この場合には、上述した発生要因(B)「PMセンサ10の電極部(電極16a、16b)の電気的なショート」であると判断する。
以下、図5を用いて、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置において実行される具体的処理の内容を説明する。図5は、本発明の実施の形態1においてECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。このルーチンは、内燃機関2の運転中に実行される。なお、本ルーチンは、所定時間毎に繰り返し実行されるものとする。
ステップS100において所定のPMセンサ出力が発現していない場合には、その後今回のルーチンが終了し、処理がリターンする。
このステップの後、ECU50が、再び、PMセンサ10に所定のセンサ出力変化(S3)があったか否かを判定する処理を実行する(ステップS114)。このステップでは、ECU50が、温度T2の保持期間中に、前述した図4の出力変化S3のような出力電圧低下があったか否かを判定する処理を実行する。具体的には、例えば、PMセンサ10の出力電圧が高のままであるか否かを判定すればよい。
ステップS126の後、ECU50は、ステップS102でOFFにした印加電圧をONとする処理を実行する(ステップS128)。その後今回のルーチンが終了し、処理がリターンする。
また、上述した実施の形態1においては、ECU50が図5のルーチンの上記ステップS104、S108、S112およびS116の処理を実行することにより、前記第1の発明における「ヒータ制御手段」が実現され、ECU50が、上記ステップS106、S110、S114、S118、S120およびステップS124の処理を実行することにより、前記第1の発明における「判定手段」が実現されている。
また、上述した実施の形態1においては、ECU50が上記ステップS104、S108、S112およびS116の処理を実行することにより、図4に示したようにT0→T1→T2→T3への3段階の温度制御が行われている。この3段階の温度制御により、前記第4の発明における「段階的ヒータ制御手段」が実現されている。
また、上述した実施の形態1では、ECU50が図5のルーチンの上記ステップS104およびS106のヒータ温度制御を実行することにより、前記第5の発明における「第1制御」が実現され、ECU50がステップS108、S110およびS112のヒータ温度制御を実行することにより、前記第5の発明における「第2制御」が実現されている。
実施の形態1にかかるハードウェア構成では、粒子状物質検出センサとして、電気抵抗式のPMセンサ10が用いられている。PMセンサ10は出力電圧の大きさによって、PM付着量を表したり有意な量のPM付着発生を表したりすることができる。しかしながら、本発明はこれに限られるものではない。PM付着に応じてその出力(出力電圧、出力電流その他の出力信号)を変化させることができ、かつ、ヒータでその付着PM除去することのできる各種のPMセンサを用いることができる。例えば、電気抵抗式以外の、静電容量式のPMセンサを用いても良い。また、実施の形態1ではPM付着量増大に応じて出力電圧が「低→高」と変化するPMセンサであったが、本発明はこれに限られない。個々のセンサの回路構成上の違いなどから、これとは反対に、実施の形態1ではPM付着量増大に応じて出力電圧が「高→低」と変化するPMセンサであってもよい。このようなPMセンサに対しても、ヒータ温度制御に応じた出力変化の有無を判定すればよく、本発明を適用可能である。
ステップS106の判定結果がYesであれば出力変化S1が、ステップS110の判定結果がYesであれば出力変化S2が、ステップS114の判定結果がYesであれば出力変化S3が、それぞれ発生している。既に図4を用いて説明したように、PMセンサ10に生じる異常は、各出力変化S1、S2、S3に応じて発生要因(C)または(D)に区別することができる。そこで、ステップS124において、ECU50が、ステップS106の判定結果がYesの場合(出力変化S1検出)には「センサ素子部12の電極部への水分付着」の異常があったことを、ステップS110の判定結果がYesの場合(出力変化S2検出)には「センサ素子部12の電極部への燃料又は有機物の付着」の異常があったことを、ステップS114の判定結果がYesの場合(出力変化S3検出)には「PMセンサ10の配線部(固定部14内部)で結露した水分」による異常があったことを、それぞれ判定結果として出力してもよい。これにより、異常なPMセンサ出力変化と正常なPMセンサ出力変化とを正確に判別し、かつその異常の種類を特定することができる。
従来、内燃機関2の排気ポートからDPF4までの区間(つまりDPF4の上流区間)にPMセンサを設けて、このPMセンサの検出値に基づいて排気ガスのPM量を検知するシステムも知られている。このようなシステムに対して、本発明にかかる粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置を適用することができる。
具体的には、本変形例では、例えば、図1に示すハードウェア構成において、内燃機関2とDPF4の間に設けたPMセンサ(PM付着量に応じて出力を変化させるものであれば良く、PMセンサ10と同種類の電気抵抗式でもよい)の出力変化が正常かどうかを判断するために図5に示すルーチンを実行する。この変形例では、排気管6が、前記第14の発明における「PM含有量の検出が行われる排気ガスが流通する経路」に、PMセンサ10が、前記第14の発明における「PMセンサ」に、それぞれ相当している。この場合、センサ出力OK判定(ステップS120)がなされた場合には、そのPMセンサの出力値に基づいてPM量を検知(計算処理等の実行)を行い、その一方で、センサ出力異常(ステップS124)との判定がなされた場合には、そのPMセンサの出力値は使用を禁止する。なお、本変形例では、図5のルーチンのうちステップS121は削除する。これにより、前記第14の発明における「出力判定手段」および「PM量検知手段」が実現される。
4 DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)
5 吸気通路
6 排気管
10 PMセンサ
12 センサ素子部
13 カバー取付部
14 固定部
16a、16b 電極
18a 端子
18a 配線
18b 端子
19 制御回路部
Claims (14)
- 粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置であって、
前記粒子状物質検出センサは、内燃機関の排気通路に備えられたセンサ素子部と、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて出力を変化させる出力手段と、前記センサ素子部に付着したPMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータと、を備えており、
前記異常判定装置が、
前記センサ素子部が加熱されるように前記ヒータを制御するヒータ制御手段と、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じた前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいて前記センサ素子部のPM付着量増大に相当する出力変化があった後に、前記センサ素子部が加熱されるように前記ヒータを制御する手段を含み、
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータの制御に応じた前記センサ素子部の加熱の際、前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度未満にあるときに前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいて前記センサ素子部のPM付着量減少に相当する出力変化があったか否かに基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部の温度を、前記PM除去温度よりも低く定めた少なくとも1つの所定温度に所定時間保持するように、前記ヒータを制御する特定温度ヒータ制御手段と、
前記センサ素子部の温度を、所定時間、上限の温度が前記PM除去温度よりも低い所定温度域内に保持するように、前記ヒータを制御する特定温度範囲ヒータ制御手段と、
のうち少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記特定温度ヒータ制御手段は、少なくとも2段の階段状の温度変化を経て前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に到達するように前記ヒータの制御を行う段階的ヒータ制御手段を、含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。
- 前記段階的ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部へ付着した水が除去される温度以上かつ前記センサ素子部へ付着した燃料が除去される温度未満の温度である第1温度に前記センサ素子部が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータを制御する第1制御と、
前記センサ素子部への付着燃料または付着有機物が除去される温度以上かつ前記PM除去温度未満の温度である第2温度に前記センサ素子部が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータを制御する第2制御と、
のうち少なくとも一方の制御を実行するものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に達する前における前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化である第1の出力変化と、前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度に到達した際における前記センサ素子部でのPM除去に応じた前記粒子状物質検出センサに応じた出力変化である第2の出力変化と、を区別できる程度の温度上昇速度で前記センサ素子部の加熱を行うように、前記ヒータの制御を行う手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記センサ素子部の付着水が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記センサ素子部の付着燃料が除去される程度の温度域または前記センサ素子部の付着有機物が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記粒子状物質検出センサは、
前記内燃機関の排気管に接続し、前記センサ素子部を前記排気管内に固定する固定部と、
前記固定部内に設けられ、前記センサ素子部の信号を外部へ伝達する配線を含む配線部と、
を有し、
前記判定手段は、
前記ヒータ制御手段による前記ヒータの制御に応じて前記配線部の結露水が除去される程度の温度域において前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する結露判定手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記配線部に結露した水が除去される所定温度に又は下限の温度が前記配線部に結露した水が除去される温度以上の所定温度域内に前記センサ素子部の温度が所定時間保持されるように、前記ヒータの温度を制御する手段を含み、
前記結露判定手段は、
前記所定時間内における前記粒子状物質検出センサが示した出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記ヒータ制御手段は、
前記センサ素子部を前記PM除去温度まで加熱するように、前記ヒータを制御する手段を含み、
前記判定手段は、
前記センサ素子部が前記PM除去温度まで加熱された際の前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力変化に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサに異常があるか否かを判定する手段を、
含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 前記異常判定装置は、
前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力が所定変化率以上の急な変化を示したら、前記ヒータ制御手段に前記ヒータの制御を実行させ且つ前記判定手段に異常判定を実行させる判定開始手段を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置。 - 粒子状物質捕集システムの故障判定装置であって、
前記粒子状物質捕集システムが、
内燃機関の排気通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタと、
前記排気通路における前記パティキュレートフィルタの下流に備えられたセンサ素子部と、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて出力を変化させる出力部と、前記センサ素子部に付着した前記PMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータとを有する粒子状物質検出センサと、
を備え、
前記故障判定装置が、
前記粒子状物質検出センサの出力に前記パティキュレートフィルタの故障時に相当するPM量増大を示す出力変化があった後に、前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常検出を行う請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置と、
前記異常判定装置により前記粒子状物質検出センサが異常ではないと判定された場合に、前記パティキュレートフィルタに故障が発生していると判定する故障判定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする粒子状物質捕集システムの故障判定装置。 - 排気ガスの粒子状物質検出装置であって、
PM含有量の検出が行われる排気ガスが流通する経路に備えられたセンサ素子部、前記センサ素子部へのPMの付着量に応じて変化する出力を発する出力手段、および前記センサ素子部に付着した前記PMが前記センサ素子部から除去される温度であるPM除去温度まで前記センサ素子部を加熱可能なヒータを備えた粒子状物質検出センサと、
前記粒子状物質検出センサにおいてPM量増大を示す出力変化があった後に、前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常検出を行う請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置と、
前記異常判定装置による前記粒子状物質検出センサについての異常判定の結果に基づいて、前記粒子状物質検出センサにおけるPM量増大を示す前記出力変化を前記排気ガスのPM量検知に用いるか否かを決定する出力判定手段と、
前記出力判定手段で前記排気ガスのPM量検知に用いるとの決定がされた前記粒子状物質検出センサの前記出力変化に基づいて、前記排気ガスのPM量を検知するPM量検知手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする排気ガスの粒子状物質検出装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/509,894 US9151204B2 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | Device for detecting particulate matter in exhaust gas |
PCT/JP2011/054359 WO2012114518A1 (ja) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | 粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置 |
DE112011100156.8T DE112011100156B8 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | Abnormitätsbestimmungsvorrichtung für einen partikelerfassungssensor |
JP2012519267A JP5316710B2 (ja) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | 粒子状物質検出センサの異常判定装置 |
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US (1) | US9151204B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5316710B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112011100156B8 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012114518A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9151204B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
DE112011100156B8 (de) | 2014-09-18 |
US20120260636A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
DE112011100156B4 (de) | 2014-05-22 |
DE112011100156T5 (de) | 2012-12-06 |
JP5316710B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
DE112011100156T8 (de) | 2013-04-11 |
JPWO2012114518A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
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