WO2012074107A1 - 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板 - Google Patents
斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012074107A1 WO2012074107A1 PCT/JP2011/077964 JP2011077964W WO2012074107A1 WO 2012074107 A1 WO2012074107 A1 WO 2012074107A1 JP 2011077964 W JP2011077964 W JP 2011077964W WO 2012074107 A1 WO2012074107 A1 WO 2012074107A1
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- Prior art keywords
- swash plate
- particles
- resin
- graphite
- coating layer
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0895—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof driving means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0804—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B27/0821—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/086—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication swash plate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0878—Pistons
- F04B27/0882—Pistons piston shoe retaining means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
- F04B27/1063—Actuating-element bearing means or driving-axis bearing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/109—Lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
- F05C2253/12—Coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
- Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
- Y10T74/18296—Cam and slide
- Y10T74/18336—Wabbler type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a swash plate for a swash plate compressor, and more particularly to a swash plate for a swash plate compressor coated with a resin-based sliding material in which graphite particles are bonded with polyimide and / or polyamide-imide resin. It is.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the operating mechanism of a variable displacement swash plate compressor is as follows.
- the pressure in the swash plate chamber 86 is controlled using the pressure difference between the discharge chamber 24 on the high pressure side and the suction chamber 22 on the low pressure side. That is, the difference between the pressure in the compression chamber 87 in the cylinder bore 12 acting before and after the piston 14 and the pressure in the swash plate chamber 86 is adjusted. Thereby, the inclination angle of the swash plate 60 is changed, the stroke of the piston 14 is changed, and the discharge capacity of the compressor is adjusted.
- the pressure of the swash plate chamber 86 is controlled by the swash plate chamber 86 being connected to or shut off from the discharge chamber 24 by controlling the excitation and demagnetization of the electromagnetic control valve 90.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged conceptual diagram of a main part of the swash plate compressor shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 120 denotes a shoe clearance between the shoe 76 and the swash plate 60.
- 76a is a flat surface
- 76b is a spherical surface
- 76c is a contact surface with the piston.
- the shoe 76 is usually a hemispherical member obtained by finishing the hardened SUJ2
- the swash plate has a resin-based surface treatment on the surface of an iron-based material via an intermediate layer formed by thermal spraying, plating, or chemical conversion treatment. Has been given.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-183585
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-265953
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89514
- Patent Document 4 WO02 / 075172A1.
- the surface of an iron-based swash plate is made of a solid lubricant such as MoS 2 , PTFE, or graphite, a metal powder such as Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, or Mo having a particle diameter of 20 nm, and a polyamideimide resin binder.
- the coating layer is covered.
- the coating layer has a particle size of 10 to 100 ⁇ m made of a metal such as Sn, Ag, Al, Cu, Zn, Ni, Si, Co, Ti, W, Mo, Mg, Fe, or an alloy thereof.
- a liquid mixture of particles and a resin such as polyamide-imide resin or polyimide resin is baked on the surface of the swash plate.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that 10 to 40 vol% molybdenum disulfide, 10 to 40 vol% flaky graphite or flaky graphite, with at least one binder selected from the group consisting of polyamideimide, polyimide and epoxy resins, And a solid lubricant composed of 1 to 40% by volume of polytetrafluoroethylene is combined, and the total amount of the solid lubricant is 30 to 60% by volume.
- a swash plate of a swash plate compressor is covered with a solid lubricant coating film composed of at least one of PTFE and graphite and a polyamide-imide resin, has a concentric groove on a sliding surface, and a gap between adjacent grooves. Propose to form a mountain. It is described that artificial graphite having high crystallinity is preferable.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Tribologist, Vol. 55, No. 9 (2010), pages 10-12. That is, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant HFC1113a is more susceptible to seizure than the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant CFC12; in a variable capacity swash plate compressor, the iron swash plate is sprayed with a copper-based material such as Cu—Pb or Cu—Si. A resin-based coating layer containing a solid lubricant is applied on the layer.
- Patent Document 5 According to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-185103, a conventional polyether ether ketone system is used as a bearing for a motor of information media such as a hard disk and a DVD disk.
- resin bearings (a) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin comprising polyarylene sulfide resin and aromatic polyamideimide resin, (b) ceramic balloon, shirasu balloon, glass balloon, metal balloon, ceramic particles, silica, glass
- a motor bearing comprising 1 to 50 parts by weight of a spherical filler such as beads and metal powder and (c) 1 to 50 parts of a solid lubricant.
- a solid lubricant As the solid lubricant, scaly, lump, flat plate, spherical graphite and the like can be used, but it is described that scaly graphite is preferable.
- Patent Literature 6 Patent No. 3026269 relates to a polyamide-imide resin-based sliding material proposed by the present applicant, and is substantially isolated in an aromatic polyamide-imide.
- a sliding material in which 5 to 80% by weight of heat-treated particles of resin are dispersed.
- the substantially isolated resin is, for example, a sphere formed by heat treatment of a phenol resin.
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-331314 discloses a heat-resistant resin such as polyimide resin of 40 to 95% by weight and an average particle diameter of 3 to 3 obtained by firing resin-based spherical particles in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum.
- a heat-resistant resin sliding material comprising a composition blended with 5 to 60% by weight of 40 ⁇ m spherical graphite is proposed. The spherical graphite is explained as follows.
- Spherical graphite has a uniform particle diameter and an average particle diameter of 3 to 40 ⁇ m, and preferably has a good sphericity, such as phenol resin, naphthalene resin, furan resin, xylene resin, divinylbenzene polymer, styrene- Spherical graphite starting from at least one of divinylbenzene copolymers is preferred.
- the method for producing such spherical graphite is prepared from these raw materials by a known emulsion polymerization method and the like, and further, the spherical particles are carbonized by firing under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas or under vacuum. And / or graphitized to obtain spherical graphite.
- Patent Document 8 JP-A-7-223809, spherical carbon fine particles having a highly oriented graphite-like crystal structure are isotropic and used as a sliding member dispersed in various resins. it can.
- These fine carbon particles are mesophase spherules (mesocarbon microbeads), which are obtained by heat treatment of coal tar, coal tar pitch, asphalt, etc. at 350 to 450 ° C., and separating the produced spherical crystals. It is explained that spheroidization proceeds by subsequent graphitization at 1500 to 3000 ° C. However, the mesophase spherules shown in the photomicrograph of this publication are significantly deformed from the true sphere form.
- Graphite is a substance having a layered crystal structure in which (002) planes are laminated, and low friction characteristics are obtained by utilizing the property that the layers easily slip.
- B The higher the degree of graphitization and the closer to natural graphite, the softer and more lubricious the material, and the lower the degree of graphitization, the harder the carbon. Carbon is added as hard particles for improving wear resistance and adjusting friction.
- Patent Document 3 uses scaly graphite because it has a high degree of graphitization and excellent lubricity. Further, spherical graphite close to a true sphere proposed by Patent Documents 6 and 7 is considered to be hard carbon.
- the intermediate layer of the swash plate of a swash plate compressor when worn out, the intermediate layer is exposed on the surface, and the intermediate layer has excellent adhesive force with the upper and lower layers, and has some sliding characteristics. Baking is likely to occur between the shoe and the intermediate layer.
- the iron shoe and the iron swash plate slide directly without using the intermediate layer, the iron materials slide with each other, and seizure is very likely to occur.
- the coating layer composed of PTFE and / or graphite and polyamide-imide resin proposed by the applicant of the present application is mainly intended to improve low friction. Therefore, in extremely poor lubrication in a compressor that compresses an alternative refrigerant, It was found that wear was likely to occur between the swash plates.
- the conventional swash plate uses a copper sprayed intermediate layer because the performance of the resin-based coating layer is not reliable yet, but the price of the swash plate compressor has been increased due to the recent rise in copper prices. .
- an object of the present invention is to improve the wear resistance and the low friction property of a resin-based coating layer on a swash plate of a swash plate compressor operated in a poorly lubricated state, particularly a variable capacity swash plate compressor. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a resin-based coating layer of a swash plate compressor that can achieve excellent sliding characteristics without using an intermediate layer.
- the present invention relates to a swash plate of a swash plate compressor that slides on a shoe, containing 5 to 60% by mass of spherical graphite particles having an average diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and the remaining one or two of polyimide resin and polyamideimide resin.
- the swash plate of the swash plate type compressor characterized by having coated the resin-type coating layer which consists of this is proposed.
- total is the sum of i values in []
- PM is the perimeter of one particle
- A is the cross-sectional area per particle
- i the number of measurements.
- Graphite is generally classified into two types, natural graphite and artificial graphite, and depending on the classification, it is further divided into three types: expanded graphite.
- Natural graphite is classified into scaly graphite, scaly graphite and earthy graphite, and artificial graphite includes those obtained by crushing artificial graphite electrodes, those obtained by graphitizing petroleum-based tar and coke, mesophase spherules, and the like.
- Scaly graphite is sometimes called massive graphite. These graphites are not only different in production method but also clearly distinguish the product shape.
- the development of spheroidizing crushing technology has made it possible to obtain spheroidized graphite or spherical graphite powder (Technical data of Nippon Graphite Industries Co., Ltd .: Product name CGC-100, 50.20; ITO ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ GRAPHITE website; http: // www.graphite.co.jp/seihin.htm). Therefore, the spherical graphite used in the present invention has a much higher particle ratio than commercially available scaly graphite, earthy graphite, exfoliated graphite and the like.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a coating layer according to claim 3 of the present invention in which spherical graphite particles 115b and MoS 2 particles 114 are dispersed.
- 110 is an iron-based substrate or intermediate layer (hereinafter referred to as “iron-based substrate 110”).
- 112 is a resin-based coating layer
- 115 b is spherical graphite particles
- 113 is a polyimide or polyamide-imide resin-based binder (hereinafter abbreviated as“ resin-based binder 113 ”).
- the surface of the resin-based coating layer 112 conceptually shows a flat surface after the familiarity.
- the structure of the swash plate of the swash plate compressor according to the present invention will be described.
- the iron base material 110 copper or aluminum can be used instead of iron, but the same kind of material slides with the shoe.
- the advantages of the present invention are most apparent in the case of an iron-based substrate.
- an intermediate layer such as copper sintered, Cu, Al, or Cu—Al spraying can be coated on the surface of the iron-based substrate 110.
- the spherical graphite particles 115b have an average shape factor (Y AVE ) according to the following definition of particles excluding fine particles having an average diameter of 0.5 times or less within a range of 1 to 4, preferably within a range of 1 to 2.5.
- particles having a shape factor (Y) in the range of 1 to 1.5 as defined below are present in a number ratio of 70% or more.
- total is the sum of i values in []
- PM is the perimeter of one particle
- A is the cross-sectional area per particle
- i the number of measurements.
- the equivalent circle diameter of graphite particles and the shape factor of graphite particles were measured by cutting a swash plate at an arbitrary position, taking a photograph of the cut surface at a magnification of 200 times, and a viewing field range of 0.37 mm ⁇ 0.44 mm, and resin.
- An image obtained by binarizing the system coating layer using, for example, LUZEX-FS manufactured by Nicole Corporation is measured.
- the average diameter D of the spherical graphite particles 115b is preferably 0.1t ⁇ D ⁇ 1.0t with respect to the film thickness t of the resin-based coating layer 112, and more preferably in the range of 0.25t ⁇ D ⁇ 0.67t. preferable.
- the film thickness t of the resin coating layer 112 is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the spherical graphite particles 115 of the present invention have a degree of crystallinity of 0.6 or more and are close to natural graphite or natural graphite itself. In addition, the compatibility is excellent.
- the degree of graphitization of the spherical graphite particles 115b is 0.8 or more.
- the degree of graphitization is a C.V. defined in Non-Patent Document 2: Tribologist, Vol. 49, No. 7 (2004) “Usage of Carbon Materials”, p. 561. R. This is as shown by the Housaka equation.
- the spherical graphite particles 115b are preferably blended in an amount of 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, based on the entire resin coating layer 112.
- the balance of the spherical graphite particles 115b described above is a resin binder 113 made of polyimide (PI) and / or polyamideimide (PAI) resin.
- PI polyimide
- PAI polyamideimide
- the polyimide liquid or solid powdered polyesterimide, aromatic polyimide, polyetherimide, bismaleimide and the like can be used.
- the polyamide-imide resin an aromatic polyamide-imide resin can be used. All of these resins are characterized by excellent heat resistance and a small friction coefficient.
- MoS 2 particles 114 are added as a solid lubricant, but even if MoS 2 particles 11422 are not added, the spherical graphite particles 115 b are not easily dropped from the resin binder 113, and the solid lubricant Good sliding characteristics can be obtained because of the durability of the action.
- the resin-based coating layer 112 of the present invention contains 1 to 70% by mass of at least one selected from MoS 2 , PTFE, WS 2 , h-BN, and CF (fluorinated graphite) as a general lubricant. Further, it can further contain 10 to 80% by mass- in total content with spherical graphite. When the total content of the spherical graphite and the solid lubricant is less than 10% by mass, the effect is small, and the solid lubricant alone is 70% by mass, or the total of the spherical graphite and the solid lubricant is 80% by mass. If it exceeds, defects such as a decrease in heat resistance and strength of the resin-based coating layer 112 appear.
- the particle size of the solid lubricant is preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the resin-based coating layer 112 of the present invention can contain, as hard particles, oxides such as alumina and silica, nitrides such as SiN, carbides such as SiC, and sulfides such as ZnS.
- the blending amount of these hard particles is preferably 0.2 to 7% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- the particle size of the hard particles is preferably 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- a plurality of concentric circumferential grooves 140 (FIGS. 5A and 5C) or spiral grooves 140 (FIG. 5B) are formed on the surface of the resin-based coating layer 112 of the present invention. )
- the surface is like a mountain rising between the grooves, the resin wears mainly at the top of the mountain, and the mountain shape is deformed to quickly secure a delicate contact with the shoe. be able to. This improves initial familiarity.
- the depth of the groove is usually about 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the groove pitch (interval between the bottoms of one peak) is usually about 0.05 to 1 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- the resin-based coating layer 112 after the initial familiarization exhibits the roughening prevention and crack prevention actions described later.
- the resin-based coating layer of the present invention can be formed by a method in which spherical graphite particles are mixed with polyamideimide resin and other additives, and the mixture is formed into a film by roll coating, spray coating, spin coating, pad printing, or the like.
- the roughness of the surface of the resin coating layer of the present invention can be adjusted by machining such as cutting and polishing.
- the surface roughness can be reduced, and as a result, the seizure resistance can be further improved.
- the scaly graphite particles 115a in the conventional resin-based coating layer 112 shown in FIG. 6 are oriented as described in the following (A).
- the graphite flake particles 115b are particularly large in size, the entire particles are likely to fall off the sliding surface as shown in FIG.
- the oriented scaly graphite particles 115a are themselves thin plates, and the cleavage direction is parallel to the plate surface.
- the scale-like graphite particles 115a are few in the resin-based binder 113 in which the particles are oriented parallel to the sliding direction (115a ′), and stand upright in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the iron-based substrate 110, or slanted. Many of these are oriented.
- the cleavage direction of the other scaly graphite particles does not coincide with the machining direction or the sliding direction.
- scaly graphite has the idea that edges adhere to each other and do not exhibit lubricity (Non-patent Document 3: Tribologist, Vol. 54, No. 1 (2009) “Tribology of Graphite Materials”, pages 6-7)
- Non-patent Document 3 Tribologist, Vol. 54, No. 1 (2009) “Tribology of Graphite Materials”, pages 6-7
- the edges of the spherical graphite particles of the present invention disappear or are rounded, the edges do not contact each other.
- the spherical graphite particles 115b are strongly held by the polyimide amide resin. When half or more of the diameter is embedded in the resin, the wear resistance is good because the resin is unlikely to drop off. As long as it is held in the resin binder 113 without falling off, the original cleavage of graphite occurs during use of the compressor, and the spherical graphite particles 115b exhibit low friction. Furthermore, with respect to the recessed portion 116 after dropping, the spherical graphite particles 115b are less isotropic as a whole and are isotropic, and the contact between the graphite particles is a point contact.
- the polyamide-imide coating layer of the present invention has both wear resistance and low friction properties and is excellent in seizure resistance.
- FIGS. 4 and 6 to 8 show the resin-based coating layer 112 after the conformal surface is formed. Therefore, the resin-based coating layer in which the groove 140 (mountain) shown in FIG. 4, pitches of grooves (crests) are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIGS. 6 and 8, and the sliding direction is a horizontal direction parallel to the paper surface. Accordingly, FIGS. 4 and 8 are cross-sectional views in which the top of the mountain is cut in a direction parallel to the ridgeline of the mountain, and the height of the mountain is lower than the initial sliding. When sliding occurs in this state, the performance of the spherical graphite particles is continuously exhibited as described above. Subsequently, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
- Example 1 Graphite Particle Dropping Test
- the following materials were used as raw materials for the resin-based coating layer.
- Scale-like graphite manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industries, average diameter 15 ⁇ m, graphitization degree 0.75, average shape factor (Y AVE ) as defined above is widely distributed in the range of 1 to 10 and deformed from spherical shape There are many particles.
- Spherical graphite made by Nippon Graphite Industry, spheroidized graphite, average diameter 10 ⁇ m, graphitization degree 0.6, average shape factor (Y AVE ) as defined above falls within the range of 1 to 4, and shape factor (Y) The number ratio of 1 to 1.5 is 80% or more.
- Polyamideimide resin HPC-6000-26 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a cutting test of the resin coating layer was performed under the following conditions. Processing machine: General-purpose lathe machine (dry type) Cutting tool nose R: 0.4 mmR Processing pitch: 0.025mm / rev
- FIG. 9 The result of observing the cut surface with a scanning electron microscope is as shown in FIG. FIG. 9, upper right—Example of spherical graphite particles (a) —100 times magnification FIG. 10, lower right—Example of spherical graphite particles (a) —200 times magnification FIG. 11, upper left—Comparative example of flake graphite particles ( B)-magnification 100 times Figure 12, lower left-comparative example of flake graphite particles (b)-magnification 200 times
- the white part is the edge of the recess.
- the embodiment of the present invention (FIGS. 9 and 10) has fewer dropping parts than the comparative example (FIGS. 11 and 12).
- the roughness of the said Example (invention product) and a comparative example (conventional product) is shown in FIG. From this figure, it can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention is smaller in roughness than the comparative example.
- Example 2-Test of swash plate characteristics The composition of the coating layer formed by the method of Example 1 was changed as shown in Table 1, the following solid lubricant was used, and the wear resistance and friction coefficient were as follows.
- MoS 2 Sumino Lubricant Co., Ltd., average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m
- PTFE Kitamura Corporation product, average particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less
- WS 2 Nippon Lubricant Co., Ltd. product, average particle size of 2 ⁇ m
- h-BN manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., average particle size 10 ⁇ m
- CF Central Glass Co., Ltd., average particle size 2 ⁇ m
- the reliability of the swash plate of the swash plate compressor can be improved and the cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing of a swash plate type compressor. It is a principal part conceptual diagram of a swash plate type compressor. It is an enlarged view of a shoe. It is a conceptual diagram of the iron-based board
- FIG. 5 is processed or slid. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the state by which the coating layer of FIG. 4 is processed or slid. It is a photograph (magnification 100 times) of the example of spherical graphite particles. It is a photograph (magnification 200 times) of the example of spherical graphite. It is a photograph (magnification 100 times) of a comparative example of scaly graphite. It is a photograph (magnification 200 times) of a comparative example of scaly graphite. It is a figure which shows the roughness of this invention Example (I) and a comparative example (B).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
現在使用されている可変容量型斜板式コンプレッサーの構造の一例を、特許文献1:特開2003-183685号公報記載のものを図1に引用して示す。図中、参照符号は次の部品、部位もしくは箇所を指す。10-シリンダブロック、12-シリンダボア、14-片頭ピストン、16-フロントハウジング、18-リヤハウジング(吸入ポート、供給ポートは図示省略)、20-バルブプレート(バルブ、孔は図示省略)、21-ハウジング、22-吸入室、24-吐出室、50-回転軸、60-斜板、61-貫通穴、62-回転板、64-スラストベアリング、66-ヒンジ機構、67-アーム、68-ガイド穴、69-ガイドピン、70-係合部、72-頭部、76-シュー、80-ガイド穴、86-斜板室、87-圧縮室、90-概念的に示す電磁弁、100-排出路、102-支持孔である。
斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板にポリイミドもしくはポリアミドイミド樹脂系摺動層コーティングを施す先行技術文献としては、特許文献1:特開2003-183685号公報;特許文献2:特開2000-265953号公報;特許文献3:特開2005-89514号公報;特許文献4:WO02/075172A1がある。
特許文献2においては、コーティング層は、Sn、Ag、Al、Cu、Zn、Ni、Si、Co、Ti、W、Mo、Mg、Feなどの金属もしくはこれらの合金からなる粒径が10~100μm粒子とポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂などの樹脂との液状混合物を斜板の表面に焼付けたものである。
特許文献4は、斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板を、PTFE及び黒鉛の少なくとも1種とポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる固体潤滑剤コーティング膜で被覆し、摺動表面に同心状溝を有し、隣接溝の間に山部を形成することを提案している。黒鉛は結晶化度が高い人造黒鉛が好ましいと説明されている。
特許文献5;特開2009-185103号公報によると、ハードディスク、DVDディスクなどの情報メディアのモーター用軸受として、従来のポリエーテルエーテルケトン系樹脂軸受に代わるものとして、(イ)ポリアリーレンスルフィド樹脂と芳香族ポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂100重量部、(ロ)セラミックバルーン、シラスバルーン、ガラスバルーン、金属バルーン、セラミック粒子、シリカ、ガラスビーズ、金属粉末などの球状充填剤1~50重量部、(ハ)固体潤滑剤1~50部からなるモーター軸受が提供されている。固体潤滑剤としては、鱗片状、塊状、平板状、球状黒鉛などを使用することができるが、鱗状黒鉛が好ましいと説明されている。
特許文献6:特許第3026269号は、本出願人が提案したポリアミドイミド樹脂系摺動材料に関するものであり、芳香族ポリアミドイミド中に、実質的に単離している樹脂の熱処理粒子5~80重量%を分散した摺動材料を提供する。実質的に単離した樹脂は、例えばフェノール樹脂を熱処理して球形にしたものである。
球状グラファイトは、均一な粒径を持ち、かつ平均粒径が3~40μmであり、真球性の良いものが好ましく、フェノール樹脂、ナフタレン樹脂、フラン樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ジビニルベンゼン重合体、スチレン-ジビニルベンゼン共重合体のうちの少なくとも一種を出発材料としている球状グラファイトが好ましい。このような球状グラファイトの製造方法は、これらの原料から公知のエマルジョン重合法などによって調整し、さらにこの球状粒子を窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等の不活性雰囲気下または真空下で焼成する事によって炭素化および/または黒鉛化して球状グラファイトを得るものである。
(イ)黒鉛は(002)面が積層した層状結晶構造をもつ物質であり、その層間がすべり易いという性質を利用して低摩擦特性を得ている。
(ロ) 黒鉛は黒鉛化度が高く天然黒鉛に近いほど、軟質で潤滑性に富む物質となり、黒鉛化度が低いと、硬質のカーボンとなる。カーボンは耐摩耗性向上や摩擦調整のための硬質粒子として添加されている。一方、特許文献3が鱗片状黒鉛を使用しているのは、黒鉛化度が高く、潤滑性がすぐれているためであると考えられる。また、特許文献6、7が提案している真球に近い球状グラファイトは硬質カーボンであると考えられる。
さらに、従来の斜板では、樹脂系コーティング層の性能が今一つ信頼性がないために銅溶射中間層を使用しているが、近年の銅価格高騰により、斜板式コンプレッサーの価格を高価にしている。
YAVE=total[{PMi 2/4πAi}]/i
Y=PM2/4πA
ここで、totalは[ ]内の値のi個についての合計、PMは粒子1個の周囲長さ、Aは粒子1個当りの断面積、iは測定個数である。
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。
YAVE=total[{PMi 2/4πAi}]/i
Y=PM2/4πA
ここで、totalは[ ]内の値のi個についての合計、PMは粒子1個の周囲長さ、Aは粒子1個当りの断面積、iは測定個数である。黒鉛粒子の円相当径及び黒鉛粒子の形状係数の測定方法は、斜板を任意の位置で切断し、切断面を倍率200倍、視野範囲0.37mm×0.44mmにて写真撮影し、樹脂系コーティング層を例えば株式会社ニコレ製LUZEX-FSを用いて2値化した画像の計測を行なう。
球状黒鉛粒子115bの平均径Dは樹脂系コーティング層112の膜厚tに対して、0.1t<D<1.0tが好ましく、0.25t<D<0.67tの範囲にあることがさらに好ましい。樹脂系コーティング層112の膜厚tは5~50μmが好ましく、10~40μmがより好ましい。
球状黒鉛粒子115bは樹脂系コーティング層112全体に対して、好ましくは5~60質量%、より好ましくは10~50質量%配合する。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂としては、芳香族ポリアミドイミド樹脂を使用することができる。これらの樹脂は何れも耐熱性に優れ、摩擦係数が小さいという特長を有している。なお、図4には、固体潤滑剤としてMoS2粒子114が添加されているが、MoS2粒子11422が添加されていなくとも、球状黒鉛粒子115bは樹脂系バインダー113から脱落し難く、固体潤滑剤作用の持続性があるから、良好な摺動特性が得られる。
また、本発明の樹脂系コーティング層の表面を切削、研磨などの機械加工により粗さを調節することができる。特に樹脂系コーティング層の表面に複数の同心円状溝もしくは単数又は複数の渦巻状溝を形成し、かつ隣接する溝間には山部を形成することが好ましい。これらの場合、球状黒鉛粒子は表面から脱落し難いために、表面粗さを小さくし、結果として耐焼付性をさらに向上することができる。
鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aはそれ自体は薄板状であり、へき開方向はその板面と平行している。鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aは樹脂系バインダー113中で、粒子が摺動方向に平行に配向しているもの(115a’)は少なく、鉄基基材110の表面に直交する方向に直立し、あるいは斜めの配向しているものが多い。前者の鱗片状黒鉛粒子115a’は極表面がへき開し磨滅するが、大部分はバインダー樹脂中に保持され、さらにへき開が起こるという過程を繰返して低摩擦性を発揮する。一方、その他の鱗片状黒鉛粒子は、そのへき開方向が機械加工方向や摺動方向と一致していない。
黒鉛粒子の粒径が大きいほど深い凹部116(図7)が形成され、摺動面が粗くなる。さらに、鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aを樹脂系バインダー113中に分散する際には、幾つかの鱗片状黒鉛粒子同士が面接触することは避けられない。これら面接触鱗片状黒鉛粒子は離れ難く隣接しており、特に斜板が単に回転するだけでなく揺動することによって、これら面接触鱗片状黒鉛粒子が一体となって脱落するために、脱落部が深い凹部116(図7)となり、摺動面の粗さが大きくなる。この結果、摺動面で油膜切れが起こり、摩耗が進行する。なお、鱗状黒鉛はエッジどうしが凝着して潤滑性を示さないという考え方がある(非特許文献3:トライボロジスト第54巻第1号(2009)「グラファイト材料のトライボロジ」第6-7頁)が、本発明の球状黒鉛粒子はエッジが消失するかあるいは丸くなっているために、エッジどうしが接触することはない。
鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aは摺動面から脱落し易く、脱落した部分はエッジをもった欠陥116’(図7)となるためにクラックの起点となる。また、鱗片状黒鉛粒子115a同士が隣接するためにクラックが伝播し易い。また、鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aの粒径が大きいほど、クラックは鉄基基材110に到達し易く、樹脂系コーティング層112を鉄基基材110から剥離させる。
鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aは軟質であり、へき開し易いために、摺動表面でへき開が起こり、低摩擦化することが期待されているが、脱落が起こって、耐摩耗性と低摩擦性は両立することはできない。以上のような問題を避けるためには、鱗片状黒鉛粒子115aは粒径を小さくする必要がある。
したがって、本発明のポリアミドイミド系コーティング層は耐摩耗性と低摩擦性を兼備するとともに耐焼付性にすぐれている。
続いて、実施例によりさらに詳しく本発明を説明する。
実施例1-黒鉛粒子脱落試験
樹脂系コーティング層の原料としては次のものを使用した。
(1)鱗片状黒鉛:日本黒鉛工業製、平均径15μm、黒鉛化度0.75、前記定義による平均形状係数(YAVE)が1~10の範囲で広く分布しており、球状から変形した粒子が多い。
(2)球状黒鉛:日本黒鉛工業製 球状化黒鉛、平均径10μm、黒鉛化度0.6、前記定義による平均形状係数(YAVE)が1~4の範囲に入り、かつ形状係数(Y)=1~1.5の個数割合が80%以上である。
(3)ポリアミドイミド樹脂:日立化成工業社製 HPC-6000-26
(イ)球状黒鉛粒子の実施例
球状黒鉛粒子:30質量%
MoS2粒子:25質量%
ポリアミドイミド樹脂バインダー:残部
(ロ)鱗片状黒鉛粒子比較例
鱗片状黒鉛粒子:30質量%
MoS2粒子:25質量%
ポリアミドイミド樹脂バインダー:残部
加工機:汎用旋盤機(乾式)
刃具ノーズR:0.4mmR
加工ピッチ:0.025mm/rev
図9、右上-球状黒鉛粒子の実施例(イ)-倍率100倍
図10、右下-球状黒鉛粒子の実施例(イ)-倍率200倍
図11、左上―鱗片状黒鉛粒子の比較例(ロ)-倍率100倍
図12、左下-鱗片状黒鉛粒子の比較例(ロ)-倍率200倍
これらの写真において、白色部が凹部のエッジである。本発明の実施例(図9、10)は比較例(図11,12)に比べて脱落部が少ないことが分かる。さらに、上記実施例(発明品)及び比較例(従来品)の粗さを図13に示す。この図から本発明実施例は比較例より粗さが小さいことが分かる。
実施例1の方法により成膜するコーティング層の組成を表1のように変え、次の固体潤滑剤を使用し、また次の条件で耐摩耗性及び摩擦係数を測定した。
(1)MoS2:住鉱潤滑剤社製品、平均粒径1.5μm
(2)PTFE:喜多村社製品、平均粒径5μm以下
(3)WS2:日本潤滑剤社製品、平均粒径2μm
(4)h-BN:電気化学工業社製品、平均粒径10μm
(5)CF:セントラル硝子社製品、平均粒径2μm
荷重:519~1735N(漸増)
雰囲気:冷媒/冷凍機油混合 コンプレッサー吸入雰囲気
相手材:シュー(SUJ2)
Claims (7)
- シューと摺動する斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板において、平均径が5~50μmである球状黒鉛粒子5~60質量%を含有し、残部ポリイミド樹脂及びポリアミドイミド樹脂の1種又は2種からなる樹脂系コーティング層を、中間層を介し又は介さずに基材に被覆したことを特徴とする斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。但し、前記球状黒鉛粒子は、平均径の0.5倍以下である微粒子を除いた粒子の下記定義による平均形状係数(YAVE)が1~4の範囲内であって、かつ下記定義による形状係数(Y)=1~1.5の範囲の粒子が個数割合で70%以上存在するものである。
YAVE=total[{PMi 2/4πAi}]/i
Y=PM2/4πA
ここで、totalは[ ]内の値のi個についての合計、PMは粒子1個の周囲長さ、Aは粒子1個当りの断面積、iは測定個数である。 - 前記樹脂系コーティング層の表面に、同心円状もしくは渦巻状の溝が形成され、隣接する溝間には山部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
- 前記樹脂系コーティング層が、MoS2、PTFE、WS2、h-BN及びCFから選択される1種以上の固体潤滑剤を1~70質量%-但し、前記球状黒鉛粒子との合計含有量が10~80質量%である-をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
- 前記球状黒鉛粒子の黒鉛化度が0.6以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から3までの何れか1項記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
- 前記球状黒鉛粒子の黒鉛化度が0.8以上であり、かつ平均径の0.5倍以下である微粒子を除いた粒子の前記定義による平均形状係数(YAVE)が1~2.5の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1から4までの何れか1項記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
- 前記基材が鉄基基材である請求項1から5までの何れか1項記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
- 斜板式コンプレッサーが可変容量型である請求項6記載の斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板。
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DE102017216068A1 (de) | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Gleitelement |
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JP2018071581A (ja) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-10 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動装置 |
JP2018080283A (ja) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 樹脂組成物および摺動部材 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20130084303A (ko) | 2013-07-24 |
CN103502640B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
WO2012074107A9 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
JP5730904B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
US9441620B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
EP2647843A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
EP2647843A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
CN103502640A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
BR112013013301A2 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
JPWO2012074107A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
KR101540166B1 (ko) | 2015-07-28 |
US20130247699A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
EP2647843B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
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