WO2012070359A1 - 電子ビーム溶接継手及び電子ビーム溶接用鋼材とその製造方法 - Google Patents
電子ビーム溶接継手及び電子ビーム溶接用鋼材とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/3073—Fe as the principal constituent with Mn as next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel for electron beam welding in which an electron beam is irradiated and welded to a welded portion in which a plate-like or foil-like insert metal is sandwiched on a groove surface, a method for manufacturing the same, and the opening of the steel.
- the present invention relates to an electron beam welded joint formed by irradiating an electron beam onto a welded portion having an insert metal sandwiched between front surfaces.
- the structure of the foundation portion of the steel tower is a steel pipe structure having a large cross section with a plate thickness of more than 50 mm, for example, about 100 mm and a diameter of about 4 m.
- the height of this tower reaches 80m or more.
- high energy density beam welding such as electron beam welding and laser beam welding is efficient.
- plate thickness that can be welded with a laser beam.
- conventional electron beam welding has to be performed in a vacuum chamber while maintaining a high vacuum state. Therefore, conventionally, the thickness and size of the steel plate that can be welded by high energy density beam welding are limited by the capability of the welding apparatus and the size in the vacuum chamber.
- RPEBW reduced pressure electron beam welding
- a fracture toughness value ⁇ c based on fracture mechanics is known as an index for quantitatively evaluating the safety of a welded structure.
- ⁇ c is obtained by a CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) test. Since the size of the test piece affects the fracture toughness, even if good results are obtained in a small test such as the conventional V-notch Charpy impact test, the CTOD test on a welded joint of a large steel structure is performed at 0 ° C. A good fracture toughness value ⁇ c of 0.5 mm or more is not always obtained.
- the electron beam welding method is a method in which the base metal of the welded portion is once melted by the energy of the electron beam and solidified and welded.
- the component composition of the welded portion by the electron beam welding method is the base material ( Steel).
- the high heat input arc welding method such as electrogas welding
- mechanical properties such as the hardness of the weld metal and the fracture toughness value ⁇ c are adjusted by a welding wire or the like.
- a welding wire is not used.
- Patent Document 6 proposes that the hardness of the weld metal is more than 110% and less than or equal to 220% of the hardness of the steel material (base material), and the width of the weld metal is 20% or less of the plate thickness of the steel material (base material). It has been proposed to do.
- Patent Document 7 proposes that the amount of O in the weld metal is 20 ppm or more and the amount of oxide having a particle size of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is 10 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-111406 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-092406 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-322400 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-037397 International Publication No. 99/16101 Pamphlet Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-21532 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-88504
- weld metal WM
- HZ Heat-Affected Zone
- the toughness of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone is controlled by adjusting the component composition of the base material.
- an object of the present invention is a steel material having a plate thickness of 45 mm or more that forms the basic part of a tower for offshore wind power generation. Electron beam is irradiated to the welded part where the foil-shaped insert metal is sandwiched, and the fracture toughness of the weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM: Base Metal) is high.
- WM weld metal
- HAZ heat-affected zone
- BM Base Metal
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam welded joint formed by irradiating an electron beam onto a welded portion in which a plate-like or foil-like insert metal is sandwiched between groove surfaces of this steel material. .
- the present invention irradiates an electron beam to a welded portion in which a plate-like or foil-like insert metal is sandwiched on a groove surface, and adds 1.5% by mass or more of Mn in an electron beam welding steel material to be welded.
- Mg and / or Ca which are powerful deoxidizing elements, are simultaneously added to this steel material to produce fine oxides containing Mg, and as a pinning particle that suppresses grain growth and as a nucleus for intragranular transformation Use.
- the fracture toughness values of the steel material (BM), the heat affected zone (HAZ), and the weld metal (WM) are appropriately balanced.
- WM width and HAZ width are narrow, and heat input is low, fine oxides containing Mg are dispersed in the weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ).
- WM weld metal
- HAZ heat affected zone
- the newly introduced electron beam weld hardenability index formula CeEBB, CeEBW is controlled, and the fracture toughness of the steel (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat affected zone (HAZ) is The required fracture toughness is secured as an entire electron beam welded joint formed by using an insert metal while being appropriately balanced. Furthermore, in the present invention, in order to increase the hardenability, the amount of Mn is increased, while the amount of Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni, and / or Nb is decreased, and the steel for electron beam welding is manufactured. Reduce costs.
- the electron beam welding hardenability indexes CeEBB and CeEBW are indexes newly introduced by the present inventors in order to improve the fracture toughness of an electron beam welded joint formed using an insert metal.
- the technical significance of the indicators CeEBB and CeEBW will be described later together with the technical significance of the indicator (ratio) “C / CeEBB” (C: C content) introduced together.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- An electron beam welded joint is an electron beam welded joint in which a steel material is welded with an electron beam to form a weld metal, and the composition of the steel material is C%: 0.02% to 0.10%, Si: 0.03% to 0.30%, Mn: 1.5% to 2.5%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.015%, N: 0.00.
- the index value CeEBB obtained by substituting the composition of the steel material into the following formula 1 is 0.42% to 0.65%, and the thickness of the cross section along the thickness direction of the steel material In the center portion, the number of oxides having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is 20 / mm 2 or less, and in the central portion of the plate thickness, the equivalent circle diameter containing 7% or more of Mg is 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m
- the number of oxides less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / mm 2 , and the composition of the weld metal is mass%, C: 0.02% to 0.10%, Si: 0.03% ⁇ 0.30%, Mn: 1.2% ⁇ 2.4%, Ni: 1.0 ⁇ 2.3% Ti: 0.005% to 0.015%, N: 0.0020% to 0.0060%, O: 0.0004% to 0.0020%, Mg: 0.0003% to 0.0027%, Ca: 0.0003% to 0.0027%, Nb:
- CeEBW An index value CeEBW obtained by substituting into Equation 2 is 0.56% to 0.73%. Beam welded joint.
- CeEBB C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are mass% of each element in the composition of the steel material
- CeEBW C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are mass% of each element in the composition of the weld metal, respectively.
- C / CeEBB which is a ratio of the amount of C of the steel material expressed in mass% with respect to the index value CeEBB, may be 0.02 to 0.15.
- the steel material may have a thickness of 45 to 150 mm.
- the component of the steel material is, by mass, C: 0.02% to 0.10%, Si: 0.03% to 0 .30%, Mn: 1.5% to 2.5%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.015%, N: 0.0020% to 0.0060%, O: 0.0010% to 0.0035 %, Mg: 0.0003% to 0.0027%, Ca: 0.0003% to 0.0027%, Nb: 0% to 0.020%, V: 0% to 0.030%, Cr: 0% -0.50%, Mo: 0%-0.50%, Cu: 0%-0.25%, Ni: 0%-0.50%, and B: 0%-0.0030% , Al: limited to 0.015% or less, P: limited to 0.015% or less, S: limited to 0.010% or less, the balance consisting of iron and inevitable impurities,
- the content expressed by mass% of Mg and Ca in the composition of the steel material satisfies 0.0006% ⁇ Mg
- the value CeEBB is 0.42% to 0.65%, and the number of oxides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is 20 / mm 2 at the center of the thickness of the cross section along the thickness direction of the steel material.
- the number of oxides having an equivalent circle diameter containing Mg of 7% or more and not less than 0.05 ⁇ m and less than 0.5 ⁇ m is 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / mm 2 in the center of the plate thickness.
- CeEBB C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V (Formula 1)
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are mass% of each element in the composition of the steel material, respectively.
- C / CeEBB which is a ratio of C amount of the steel material expressed in mass% with respect to the index value CeEBB, is 0.02 to 0.15. Also good.
- the thickness of the steel material may be 45 to 150 mm.
- a manufacturing method is the method for manufacturing a steel material for electron beam welding according to the above (5) or (6), and when the steel material is cast, the steel material is 1300.
- the fracture toughness of the steel material (base material), fracture toughness, and heat-affected zone is excellent, if the fracture toughness of the weld metal is inferior, the weld metal becomes the starting point of fracture. Even if the fracture toughness of the weld metal is excellent, if the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone is inferior, the fracture proceeds from the heat-affected zone. As described above, when the fracture toughness varies in each part of the welded joint, the fracture toughness of the welded joint as a whole deteriorates.
- Brittle fracture at welds (welded metal and heat-affected zone) of steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa using electron beam welding is caused by coarse grain boundary ferrite formed around the prior austenite grains and inside the former austenite grains.
- the upper bainite, ferrite side plates, etc. that are formed in the lath form rust as starting points of destruction.
- the fracture surface unit when brittle fracture starts from coarse ferrite formed from upper bainite or prior austenite grain boundaries depends on the grain size of prior austenite. Therefore, the fracture toughness of the welded portion can be improved by reducing the grain size of the prior austenite in the weld metal and the heat-affected zone using the pinning effect and intragranular transformation caused by the precipitates.
- Mg and Ca which are extremely powerful deoxidizing elements, are simultaneously added to the steel, and welding is performed by electron beam welding not only with the steel material (base material) but also with an insert metal containing Ni.
- An appropriate amount of a fine oxide containing Mg having an appropriate particle size is dispersed in the weld metal of the part and the prior austenite grains of the heat affected part.
- fine oxides containing Mg remain in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and function as pinning particles that suppress grain growth, so grain growth in the heat-affected zone is suppressed.
- HZ heat-affected zone
- the fine Mg-containing oxide serves as a nucleus for intragranular transformation and produces intragranular ferrite in the heat affected zone.
- the structure of the heat-affected zone becomes particularly fine, and the fracture toughness of the steel (base material), the heat-affected zone and the weld metal is improved, and the balance of these three fracture toughness is improved.
- an electron beam welded joint formed by electron beam welding with an insert metal containing Ni interposed in a weld portion of a steel material having a yield strength of 355 MPa class fracture toughness in a weld metal and a heat affected zone is improved. Deterioration can be suppressed. It is also possible to provide an electron beam welded joint in which the fracture toughness of the steel (base material), the heat-affected zone, and the weld metal is appropriately balanced, and to provide a steel that can form the welded joint at a low cost. it can.
- the steel material is welded and then used as it is without heat treatment. For this reason, the weld metal and the heat affected zone are required to have excellent toughness.
- electron beam welding is performed with an insert metal containing Ni interposed in the weld.
- the plate thickness and strength of the steel material used for the electron beam welded joint according to the embodiment of the present invention are not particularly limited.
- the plate thickness is 45 to 150 mm
- YP yield point
- TS tensile strength
- the plate thickness upper limit may be set to 120 mm or 130 mm.
- the YP lower limit may be set to 340 MPa or 355 MPa
- the YP upper limit may be set to 500 MPa, 460 MPa, or 420 MPa.
- the TS lower limit may be set to 470 MPa or 490 MPa
- the TS upper limit may be set to 600 MPa, 570 MPa, or 550 MPa.
- This type of steel is a structural steel having a YP of about 355 MPa, and has a lower strength than Cr-Mo high strength steel, and the structure of the heat affected zone has low toughness as qualitatively shown in FIG. Become upper bainite.
- a steel material is electron beam welded, particularly in the heat-affected zone, coarse structures such as grain boundary ferrite and upper bainite develop, and high carbon martensite (also called island martensite or MA constituent) is generated. Cheap. Therefore, when the structural steel is electron beam welded, it is not easy to ensure the toughness of the heat affected zone.
- the toughness of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone it is important to balance the hardness of the weld metal and the hardness of the steel (base material). That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the hardness of the weld metal is increased relative to the hardness of the steel material (base material), the toughness of the weld metal is improved. However, the deformation concentrates on the heat affected zone due to the effect of hardening of the weld metal, so that the toughness of the heat affected zone decreases. Therefore, when the hardenability is increased in order to prevent the formation of upper bainite having poor toughness, the weld metal is hardened, and this influence causes a problem that the toughness of the heat affected zone is impaired.
- the relationship between the hardenability of steel and the grain size of WM and the high carbon martensite of HAZ, the ratio of the hardness of WM to the hardness of the steel (base material) and the toughness of the welded joint are as follows: Qualitatively known. However, conventionally, there has been no concept of controlling the balance of fracture toughness of welded joints by the components of steel materials. Therefore, for example, when a steel material (base material) with improved hardenability is subjected to electron beam welding, the WM toughness is improved, but the HAZ toughness is significantly reduced.
- the inventors of the present invention have examined an index for indicating hardenability suitable for electron beam welding in order to ensure excellent toughness in electron beam welding formed with an insert interposed, and newly developed “electron beam welding”.
- Welded hardenability indexes CeEBB and CeEBW were devised and introduced. That is, the “electron beam hardenability index CeEBB of steel material” defined by the following (formula 1) and the “electron beam hardenability index CeEBW of weld metal” defined by the following (formula 2) are the fracture toughness of the electron beam welded joint.
- CeEBB C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V (Formula 1)
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are content (mass%) of each component in the base material of the electron beam welded joint, that is, the steel material used for the electron beam welded joint, respectively. is there.
- the unit of CeEBB value is mass%.
- CeEBW C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V (Formula 2)
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are content (mass%) of each component in the weld metal of an electron beam welding joint, respectively.
- the unit of CeEBW value is mass%.
- CeEBB C + 1 / 4Mn (Formula 1 ′)
- CeEBW C + 1 / 4Mn (Formula 2 ′)
- the coefficient of Mn was set to 1/4 based on the empirically obtained degree of decrease in hardenability due to the decrease in Mn. The value of this coefficient is larger than the known Mn coefficient 1/6 in Ceq.
- the index value CeEBB is (1) ensuring the hardenability of the weld metal after electron beam welding using the Ni-containing foil within the required range by adjusting the components of the steel material (base material). (2) This welding In the metal, it is an index for promoting the formation of fine ferrite and (3) suppressing the formation of upper bainite, high carbon martensite and the like that lower toughness in the heat affected zone.
- FIG. 4 qualitatively shows the relationship between the fracture toughness value ( ⁇ c) of the weld metal (WM) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and CeEBB in the electron beam welded joint.
- the solid curve is the fracture toughness value ( ⁇ cwm) of the weld metal
- the dashed curve is the fracture toughness value ( ⁇ cha) of the heat affected zone.
- the two-dot chain line curve is the fracture toughness value (predicted value of HAZ toughness) of the heat affected zone when the influence of the hardness of the WM is virtually ignored.
- Such a predicted value of HAZ toughness is a fracture toughness value that can be measured when a fracture toughness test is performed using a test piece that has been subjected to heat treatment simulating the thermal history of HAZ.
- the fracture toughness value ( ⁇ cwm) of WM is improved to the same level as steel (base material) by using insert metal (Ni foil or the like).
- the index value CeEBB increases, the predicted value of HAZ toughness decreases in HAZ due to the increase in high carbon martensite and the hardening of HAZ. Further, when CeEBB increases, WM hardens, and due to the influence, ⁇ cha is lower than the predicted value of HAZ toughness.
- Ni foil or the like there is no problem with toughness even if CeEBB is low, but since the strength decreases, it is necessary to set a lower limit value for CeEBB.
- the index value CeEBB is set within an appropriate range, the fracture toughness value of the heat affected zone can be made equal to or higher than the target value indicated by the alternate long and short dash line.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the C amount and index value CeEBB of the steel material (base material), the steel material (base material), the weld metal, and the toughness of the heat affected zone. As a result, it has been found that it is preferable to limit the upper limit of the ratio “C / CeEBB” between the amount of C of the steel material (base material) and CeEBB. The technical significance of the ratio “C / CeEBB” will be described below.
- the ratio “C / CeEBB” is an index for preventing the hardenability of the heat affected zone from being extremely biased.
- a decrease in the hardenability of the weld metal due to a decrease in C / CeEBB can be compensated for by Ni.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between CeEBB and the fracture toughness value of the heat affected zone.
- CeEBB is an index of hardenability
- CeEBB is an index of hardenability
- the formation of high carbon martensite is promoted in the heat-affected zone and the fracture toughness value decreases.
- the generation of high carbon martensite is promoted by an increase in the amount of C. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to ensure the fracture toughness value of the heat affected zone, it is preferable to limit C / CeEBB.
- the present inventors also examined the proper component composition of the weld metal of the welded joint that was electron beam welded with an insert metal containing Ni. Since Ni is added to the weld metal from the insert metal containing Ni, it is necessary to clarify the proper amount of Ni and CeEBW in order to ensure toughness in the weld metal.
- the present inventors examined a technique for improving the balance between the fracture toughness value of the weld metal and the fracture toughness value of the heat-affected zone.
- an appropriate amount of Mg and Ca are added at the same time to produce fine oxides containing Mg that function as nuclei for pinning particles and intragranular transformation, an electron beam welded joint is formed by sandwiching the insert metal. It was found that the heat-affected zone and the toughness of the weld metal were improved.
- Oxide particles containing 7% or more of Mg exhibit a pinning action and an intragranular transformation promoting action with high efficiency when the equivalent circle diameter is 0.05 ⁇ m or more, and greatly contribute to the refinement of crystal grains.
- particles of oxides having a relatively large particle size also serve as starting points for brittle fracture.
- an oxide having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more has a particularly high tendency to become a starting point of fracture, and therefore, it is desirable to limit the number thereof as much as possible.
- the crystal grains can be effectively formed without causing brittle fracture. It turned out that it can be made fine.
- an oxide particle having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.5 ⁇ m and containing 7% or more of Mg (hereinafter simply referred to as “a fine Mg-containing oxide”). )
- all oxides having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “coarse oxide”), the quantity was measured. Then, the relationship between the number of oxide particles of each class in the steel and the toughness value of the joint after electron beam welding using this steel was quantitatively verified.
- samples that passed the CTOD test are shown as hollow plots, and samples that failed are shown as filled plots.
- Samples with an oxygen content of 0.0035% or less in the steel are shown as rhombuses, and samples with more than 0.0035% are shown as triangles.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the result of the CTOD test and the number of the fine Mg-containing oxide and the coarse oxide.
- all the plots (hollow diamonds) of the welded joints that passed the CTOD test are within the range of the dashed square indicated as “the scope of the present invention”. That is, the conditions for the CTOD value of HAZ and ⁇ HAZ to be 0.3 mm or more are as follows: (1) An oxide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more (the coarse oxide) is 20 at the center of the steel plate thickness.
- the number of the fine Mg-containing oxides could be controlled in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / mm 2 in the range of the total oxygen amount and the cooling rate.
- this cooling rate range is shown as a “range of the present invention” by a broken line and an arrow.
- the CTOD value of HAZ and ⁇ HAZ were 0.3 mm or more (diamond-shaped hollow plot).
- the total oxygen content in the steel was studied the correlation between the quantity of the fine Mg-containing oxide particles.
- the total oxygen amount increased, the number of the fine Mg-containing oxide particles in the central portion of the plate thickness tended to increase.
- the total amount of oxygen exceeds 0.0035%, even if the cooling rate of the slab is set to 9 ° C./min or more, the quantity of the minute Mg-containing oxide cannot be controlled to 1 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / mm 2 or less. There is. In this case, it is considered that excessive oxide particles are the starting point of brittle fracture, which deteriorates the CTOD test value.
- FIG. 9 the total oxygen amount
- the inventors obtained the following knowledge by combining the results of the preliminary experiments. (1) By reducing the number of coarse oxide particles present in the center of the plate thickness, and (2) appropriately controlling the amount of fine Mg-containing oxides as transformation nuclei for intragranular transformation, an electron beam welded joint The heat affected zone and the fracture toughness of the weld metal can be improved.
- the required cooling rate of the cast slab obtained in the preliminary experiment is 9 ° C./min.
- the shape of the weir at the time of casting is considered to change. For this reason, in order to improve the CTOD test result, it is only necessary to obtain a predetermined number of oxide particles in a predetermined component range, and it is not always necessary to limit the cooling rate during casting to 9 ° C./min or more.
- the present invention controls the amount of steel (base material) C, CeEBB, C / CeEBB, and the size and number of oxide particles within an appropriate range, so that an appropriate amount of Mg and / or Alternatively, Ca is added.
- the insert metal containing Ni is sandwiched between the welds and electron beam welding is performed, the ratio of the weld metal and the fracture toughness value of the heat-affected zone to the fracture toughness value of the steel (base material) is improved, and the fracture toughness is increased. Variations in the value ⁇ c can be suppressed as much as possible.
- the composition of the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is at least C: 0.02% to 0.10%, Si: 0.03% to 0.30%, Mn: 1.5% to 2% by mass. 0.5%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.015%, N: 0.0020% to 0.0060%, O: 0.0010% to 0.0035%, Mg: 0.0003% to 0.0027 %, Ca: 0.0003% to 0.0027%.
- the content of Mg and Ca in the composition of the steel material needs to satisfy 0.0006% ⁇ Mg + Ca ⁇ 0.0040%.
- P 0.015% or less
- S 0.010% or less
- Al 0.015% or less.
- the above steel materials may be Nb: 0% to 0.020%, V: 0% to 0.030%, Cr: 0% to 0.50%, Mo: 0% to 0.50% as necessary. Cu: 0% to 0.25%, Ni: 0% to 0.50%, and B: 0% to 0.0030%.
- the balance of the steel composition is composed of iron and inevitable impurities.
- the weld metal is, by mass, at least C: 0.02% to 0.10%, Si: 0.03% to 0.30%, Mn: 1.2% to 2.4%, Ni : 1.0% to 2.3%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.015%, N: 0.0020% to 0.0060%, O: 0.0004% to 0.0020%, Mg: 0 .0003% ⁇ 0.0027%, Ca: containing 0.0003% 0.0027%.
- the content of Mg and Ca in the composition of the weld metal needs to satisfy 0.0006% ⁇ Mg + Ca ⁇ 0.0040%. Moreover, among the inevitable impurities contained in the composition of the weld metal, it is necessary to limit to Al: 0.015% or less, P: 0.015% or less, and S: 0.010% or less. Further, the above weld metal may be Nb: 0% to 0.020%, V: 0% to 0.030%, Cr: 0% to 0.50%, Mo: 0% to 0.50 as required. %, Cu: 0% ⁇ 0.25%, and, B: it may contain 0% to 0.0030% or. The balance of the weld metal composition is composed of iron and inevitable impurities.
- % means the mass%.
- C is an element that contributes to improvement in strength. In order to ensure the strength as a welded structure, 0.02% or more is added. The minimum with the preferable amount of C is 0.03%, More preferably, it is 0.04%. On the other hand, if the amount of C exceeds 0.10%, the hardenability increases and the toughness decreases, so the upper limit is made 0.10% or less. A preferable upper limit is 0.08% or 0.07%, and more preferably 0.06%.
- Si is a deoxidizing element and is also an effective element for securing the strength of the steel sheet. Therefore, 0.03% or more is added. However, when Si is added excessively, a large amount of island martensite is generated, and particularly the toughness of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Si amount is set to 0.30%.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of Si is 0.25% or 0.20%, More preferably, it is 0.15%.
- Mn is an element that is effective in ensuring toughness and enhancing the hardenability to ensure the strength of the steel sheet. If the amount of Mn is less than 1.5%, the toughness, strength, and hardenability of the steel material cannot be sufficiently secured. Also, during electron beam welding, Mn evaporates from the weld metal and is partially lost. Accordingly, 1.5% or more of Mn is added to ensure the toughness, strength, and hardenability of the steel material, and further the hardenability of the weld metal.
- the preferable lower limit of the amount of Mn is 1.6% or 1.7%, more preferably 1.8%. However, if the amount of Mn exceeds 2.5%, the hardenability increases excessively, and particularly the toughness of the heat affected zone decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of Mn is set to 2.5%. A preferable upper limit is 2.4%, and more preferably 2.3%.
- P is an unavoidable impurity and adversely affects the toughness of steel (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat affected zone (HAZ).
- BM steel
- WM weld metal
- HZ heat affected zone
- P is small and limited to 0.015% or less.
- a preferable amount of P is 0.010% or less or 0.006% or less.
- the lower limit is 0%.
- an extremely low P content of less than 0.001% is unnecessary, and the P content may be 0.001% or more.
- S is an unavoidable impurity and forms MnS.
- MnS precipitates with fine TiN or Mg-containing oxides as nuclei, forms a Mn-diluted region, and promotes the formation of intragranular ferrite (intragranular transformation).
- the lower limit of the preferable amount of S is 0.001%. If necessary, the lower limit of the amount of S may be 0.002%. When the above effect is unnecessary, the lower limit of the amount of S is not limited, and the lower limit may be 0%.
- the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is particularly lowered, so the upper limit of the amount of S is limited to 0.010% or less.
- the upper limit of the preferable amount of S is 0.007% or 0.005% or less.
- Ti combines with N and O to form fine nitrides (TiN) and oxides that contribute to the refinement of crystal grains.
- TiN fine nitrides
- HZ heat-affected zone
- the heat-affected zone HZ
- 0.005% or more of Ti is added.
- the lower limit of the preferable Ti amount is 0.007% or more.
- the upper limit of the Ti amount is set to 0.015%.
- the upper limit of the preferable Ti amount is 0.012%.
- N is an element that combines with Ti to form fine nitrides.
- N is particularly affected by heat affected zone (HAZ) by refining crystal grains of steel (base material), preventing coarsening of particle size in heat affected zone due to pinning effect, and by reducing particle size due to intragranular transformation. Increase toughness.
- HZ heat affected zone
- the lower limit of the N amount is 0.0020%.
- the lower limit of the preferable N amount is 0.0030%.
- the upper limit of the N amount is set to 0.0060%.
- the upper limit with preferable N amount is 0.0050%.
- the lower limit of the amount of O of the steel material (base material) is preferably 0.0015% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0020% or more.
- the upper limit of the O amount of the steel material (base material) is set to 0.0035%.
- the upper limit of the O amount may be 0.0032%, 0.0029%, or 0.0025%.
- Mg is an extremely important element in the present invention. Mg forms a fine oxide and contributes to the promotion of intragranular transformation. In order to use Mg oxide as pinning particles, 0.0003% or more of Mg is added. In order to promote intragranular transformation, the Mg content is preferably 0.0005% or 0.0007% or more.
- Mg is added in excess of 0.0027%, a coarse oxide is easily generated, and the toughness of the steel (base material) and the heat-affected zone is lowered, so the upper limit is made 0.0027%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the amount of Mg is 0.0025%, 0.0023%, or 0.0021%.
- Ca is a strong deoxidizing element, and 0.0003% or more is added in order to suppress the coarsening of Mg oxide and secure a fine Mg oxide. Ca is also useful for suppressing the production of MnS that produces CaS and extends in the rolling direction. In order to improve the characteristics of the steel material in the plate thickness direction, particularly lamellar resistance, 0.0005% or 0.0007% or more of Ca is preferable.
- the upper limit of Ca is set to 0.0027%.
- a more preferable upper limit of the Ca content is 0.0025% or 0.0023%.
- Mg and Ca are added simultaneously. This is because the addition of Ca strengthens deoxidation and suppresses the coarsening of Mg oxide. That is, since Ca forms an oxide preferentially over Mg, the coarsening of the Mg oxide is suppressed, and the production of the Mg-containing fine oxide is promoted.
- Fine Mg oxide acts as pinning particles and intragranular transformation nuclei, and also serves as a TiN production nucleus.
- Mg and Ca are added in total.
- the lower limit of the total amount of Mg and Ca may be 0.0010% or 0.0015%.
- the upper limit of the total amount of Mg and Ca is 0.0040%.
- the upper limit of the total amount of Mg and Ca is preferably 0.0030%, and more preferably 0.0025%.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention may further contain Al, Nb, and / or V within a certain limit for the following reason.
- Al is a selective element added as necessary, and the addition amount may be 0%. When added, there is an effect of improving the toughness of the steel material (base material) by deoxidation and refinement of the microstructure. In order to obtain this effect of addition, 0.001% or more of Al is preferably added. A more preferable amount of Al is 0.003% or more, or 0.005% or more.
- the upper limit of the Al amount is 0.015% or less regardless of whether Al is added or mixed as an inevitable impurity. Limit to. When the Al oxide becomes coarse, it becomes a starting point of destruction, so a preferable upper limit is 0.012%. More preferably, it is 0.010% or less.
- Nb is effective in improving the hardenability and increasing the strength of the steel sheet. For this reason, you may add Nb 0.001% or more as needed. Preferably, Nb is added in an amount of 0.003% or more. However, if Nb is added excessively, the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is particularly lowered, so the upper limit of the Nb amount is 0.020%. The upper limit of the preferable Nb amount is 0.012%, more preferably 0.010%. The addition of Nb is not essential, and the addition amount may be 0%.
- V addition is not essential, and the amount of V may be 0%. However, when a small amount is added as necessary, it has the effect of increasing hardenability and temper softening resistance. In order to obtain this addition effect, 0.005% or more of V is added. Preferably, 0.010% or more of V is added. However, if V is added excessively, the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is particularly lowered, so the upper limit of the V amount is 0.030%. The upper limit of the preferable V amount is 0.025%. When obtaining more stable hardenability, the V content may be limited to less than 0.020% or 0.018% or less.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention may further contain one or more of Cr, Mo, Cu, and Ni as necessary. These elements are effective elements for improving toughness, and in order to obtain the effect of addition, 0.05% or more of Cr, Mo, Cu, and / or Ni is added. The addition of these elements is not essential, and the addition amount may be 0%.
- the total amount of Cr, Mo, Cu, and / or Ni is 0.70% or less, and more preferably, this total amount is 0.50% or less.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention may further contain B as necessary.
- B is not essential, and the amount of B may be 0%.
- 0.0002% or more of B is added.
- the Mn amount and O amount of the weld metal are smaller than the Mn amount and O amount of the steel material (base material). This is because when electron beam welding is performed in a vacuum, in the weld metal, a part of Mn evaporates and the oxide floats from the weld metal and is discharged. Therefore, the Mn content and the O content of the weld metal are set to Mn: 1.2% to 2.4% and O: 0.0004% to 0.0020%, respectively, by mass.
- the lower limit of the amount of Mn of the weld metal may be 1.4% or 1.6%, and the upper limit may be 2.0% or 1.8%.
- the amount of O of the steel material is often lost in the weld metal during the process.
- the amount of O of the steel material is 0.0035% or less, in the joint after welding, the amount of O in the weld metal is often about 0.0020% or less.
- the O amount of the weld metal may be less than 20 ppm, 19 ppm or less, 18 ppm or less, or 17 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of O of the weld metal is not necessarily provided, but it may be 4 ppm or more, 8 ppm or more, 10 ppm or more, 12 ppm or more, or 14 ppm or more.
- the insert metal containing Ni is sandwiched between the groove surfaces of the welded portion (groove butt portion), Ni is added to the weld metal.
- Ni is added to the weld metal.
- the lower limit of the amount of Ni in the weld metal may be 1.3% or 1.6%.
- the amount of Ni becomes excessive, the hardness of the weld metal increases, which adversely affects the fracture toughness of the heat affected zone.
- the upper limit of the Ni amount in order to ensure the toughness of the heat-affected zone, and 2.3% or less the upper limit of the Ni amount.
- Ni of the weld metal is excessive, high carbon martensite is easily generated, the hardness of the weld metal is increased, and the fracture toughness may be decreased.
- the upper limit of the Ni content of the weld metal may be 2.2% or 2.0%.
- Ni alloy or pure Ni can be used as the insert metal. It is convenient if pure Ni is used.
- the composition of the steel material (base material) is substituted into the following (Equation 1) to obtain CeEBB which is an electron beam welding hardenability index value, and this index value CeEBB Between 0.42% and 0.65%.
- % means the mass%.
- CeEBB C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V (Formula 1)
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are content (mass%) of a steel material component, respectively.
- the unit of CeEBB value is mass%.
- Equation 1 for obtaining the electron beam weld hardenability index CeEBB is as follows.
- the weld metal of the electron beam welded joint formed by sandwiching an insert metal containing Ni on the groove surface of the welded part has a Ni content of 1 It is created in consideration of 0.0% to 2.3%.
- the lower limit of the electron beam weld hardenability index value CeEBB of steel is 0.42% in order to ensure the strength of the steel (base material).
- CeEBB is preferably 0.45% or more, more preferably 0.48% or more.
- the upper limit is made 0.65%.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.60%, more preferably 0.58%.
- the number of all oxide particles (coarse oxide particles) having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is 20 / mm 2 or less.
- the number of oxide particles (fine Mg-containing particles) containing 7% or more of Mg and having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the center of the plate thickness is 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10. 5 pieces / mm 2 .
- the oxide particles serve as a starting point for fracture, and the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone and the weld metal becomes insufficient.
- the number of the fine Mg-containing particles is less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 , the pinning action by the Mg-containing particles becomes insufficient, which adversely affects the heat affected zone and the toughness of the weld metal.
- the number of the fine Mg-containing particles exceeds 1 ⁇ 10 5 , the tendency of excessive Mg-containing particles to become a starting point of fracture increases, and the fracture toughness of the heat affected zone and the weld metal becomes insufficient.
- FE-SEM Field-Emission-Scanning-Electron-Microscope
- a method for measuring the number of the fine Mg-containing oxides for example, measurement is performed by FE-TEM (Field-Emission-Transmission-Electron-Microscope) using a cross-sectional sample in the center in the thickness direction of the steel material. Furthermore, an oxide containing 7% or more of Mg with respect to particles having a Mg weight ratio of 7% or more measured by EDX method (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry) after making an extraction replica film and observing with TEM Judged to be particles.
- EDX method Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry
- the ratio of the amount of C to the electron beam weld hardenability index CeEBB is an index that represents the balance between the hardenability of the weld metal and the hardenability of the heat-affected zone and the steel material (base material).
- C / CeEBB preferably takes a value of 0.15 or less. If the amount of C becomes excessive with respect to the amount of Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and / or V and C / CeEBB exceeds 0.15, the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone may decrease. is there.
- the upper limit of more preferable C / CeEBB is 0.13, and more preferably 0.11.
- the lower limit of C / CeEBB is not specified, but the amount of C takes the lower limit value, and the amount of Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V takes the upper limit value.
- the lower limit of CeEBB is 0.02 in the present invention.
- the lower limit of C / CeEBB is more preferably 0.04. As described above, more preferably 0.06 or more.
- the composition of the weld metal is substituted into the following (formula 2). Then, CeEBW which is an electron beam welding hardenability index value of the weld metal is obtained, and this index value CeEBW is set to 0.56% to 0.73%. In addition,% means the mass%.
- CeEBW C + 1 / 4Mn + 1 / 15Cu + 1 / 15Ni + 1 / 5Cr + 1 / 5Mo + 1 / 5V (Formula 2)
- C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V are content (mass%) of the component in a weld metal, respectively.
- the unit of CeEBW value is mass%.
- ⁇ Weld metal CeEBW is 0.56% or more in order to ensure the hardenability of the weld metal.
- the lower limit of CeEBW of the weld metal is more preferably 0.60%.
- the CeEBW of the weld metal exceeds 0.73%, the weld metal is cured and the fracture toughness of the welded joint becomes insufficient.
- the upper limit of CeEBW of the weld metal is more preferably 0.70%.
- CTOD value of the weld metal [delta] WM
- HAZ CTOD value [delta] HAZ
- steel (base material) CTOD value [delta] BM may satisfy the following (expression 3) (formula 4).
- (delta) WM , (delta) HAZ , and (delta) BM are the minimum values of a CTOD value when a three-point bending CTOD test is performed 6 times at 0 degreeC.
- CTOD value is 1.0 mm or more, it is considered that ductile fracture occurred, and the above calculation is performed with the CTOD value being 1.0 mm.
- ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM When ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM is less than 0.8 and / or ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is less than 0.3, the balance of ⁇ BM , ⁇ WM , and ⁇ HAZ becomes extremely poor, and Fracture toughness is greatly reduced. Therefore, the lower limit of ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM is set to 0.8, the lower limit of ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is set to 0.3.
- the upper limit of ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM is set to 1.25 or less because ⁇ WM is preferably 0.8 times or more of ⁇ BM .
- [delta] WM is more preferably approximately equal to [delta] BM, preferred upper limit of ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM is 1.1.
- [delta] HAZ is to be approximately equal to [delta] WM preferably, 1.1 or less the upper limit of ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM.
- the preferable upper limit of ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is 0.6, and more preferably 0.5.
- the fracture toughness of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone in the welded joint after electron beam welding is less deteriorated compared to the fracture toughness of the steel material (base material), A welded joint in which the fracture toughness of each part is appropriately balanced can be obtained.
- Electron beam welding can be performed under a low vacuum that can be achieved with simple equipment, for example, under a reduced pressure of 10 Pa or less.
- the lower limit of the degree of vacuum is preferably 10 ⁇ 2 Pa although it depends on the capacity of the equipment.
- the welding conditions are determined in accordance with the performance of the apparatus and the thickness of the steel material within the range of the acceleration voltage of 130 to 180 V, the beam current of 100 to 130 mA, and the welding speed of 100 to 250 mm / min. For example, when the thickness is 80 mm, an acceleration voltage of 175 V, a beam current of 120 mA, and a welding speed of about 125 mm / min are recommended.
- insert metal containing Ni is inserted between the groove surfaces of the welded part.
- the insert metal containing Ni a Ni-based alloy foil, a Ni—Fe alloy foil, or a pure Ni foil can be used.
- the thickness of the insert metal necessary to obtain the target Ni amount is determined from the Ni amount of the steel material and the target Ni amount in the weld metal, and the steel material dimensions and the width of the weld metal. It can be easily calculated.
- a foil having a required thickness may be prepared, but a plurality of thin foils may be stacked so as to have a required thickness.
- the manufacturing method of the steel material concerning embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
- the number of coarse oxides is 20 / It can be limited to 2 mm or less.
- 1 ⁇ 10 3 or more of the fine Mg-containing oxide can be secured.
- the continuous casting method is preferable as the method for producing the steel material (steel piece). According to the continuous casting method, the cooling rate after casting can be increased, and the generated oxide and Ti nitride can be refined. For this reason, the continuous casting method is preferable from the viewpoint of improving toughness.
- concrete means for increasing the cooling rate of the slab to 9 ° C / min or higher include high pressure and high water volume in the continuous casting machine, reduced mold thickness, unsolidified slab layer For example, slab thickness can be reduced by reducing the thickness.
- the upper limit of the cooling rate of the slab is generally about 30 ° C./min.
- the cast steel material (steel piece) having the above-described component composition is heated to 950 to 1150 ° C.
- the heating temperature is less than 950 ° C.
- deformation resistance during hot rolling is increased, productivity is lowered.
- heating exceeds 1150 degreeC Ti nitride of steel materials (steel piece) may coarsen and the toughness of steel materials (base material) and a heat affected zone may fall.
- thermo-mechanical control After the steel material (steel piece) is heated to 950 to 1150 ° C., it is subjected to thermo-mechanical control (TMCP) in order to obtain the necessary strength and toughness of the steel material.
- Thermomechanical treatment is effective to increase the strength and toughness of steel materials.
- (2) controlled rolling-accelerated cooling method and (3) direct quenching-tempering after rolling are preferable.
- the controlled rolling performed in the non-recrystallization temperature range (about 900 ° C. or less) is effective in refining the structure of the steel material and improving the strength and toughness.
- the controlled rolling in order to prevent the formation of processed ferrite, is preferably finished at a temperature equal to or higher than the Ar 3 transformation point.
- the accelerated cooling stop temperature is preferably 400 to 600 ° C.
- the direct quenching after rolling is a method in which hot rolling is performed in a temperature range higher than the temperature range of controlled rolling, followed by quenching by water cooling or the like. According to this method, since the strength usually increases, tempering is performed to ensure toughness.
- the tempering temperature is preferably 400 to 650 ° C.
- the conditions in the examples are one condition example adopted to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is based on this one condition example. It is not limited.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Example Steel materials were produced under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 4 using the steel materials having the component compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a test piece was collected from the steel material, subjected to a tensile test and a CTOD test, and the tensile strength and fracture toughness value of the steel material (base material) were measured.
- the strength of the steel material (base material) was measured on the basis of JIS Z 2241 by collecting test pieces from the 1/2 part thickness with the rolling direction as the longitudinal direction.
- a material having a yield stress of 355 to 420 MPa was evaluated as good.
- Electron beam welding was performed using the RPEBW method, using pure Ni foil as an insert metal, under a vacuum of about 1 mbar, under conditions of a voltage of 175 V, a current of 120 mA, and a welding speed of about 125 mm / min.
- the weld bead width is 3.0 to 5.5 mm. Samples were taken from the weld metal and analyzed for component composition. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- a CTOD test was conducted at a test temperature of 0 ° C. to determine a fracture toughness value ⁇ c.
- the six minimum values were set as fracture toughness values ⁇ WM , ⁇ HAZ , and ⁇ BM , respectively.
- the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone was measured using a test piece in which a notch was introduced into the fusion zone .
- the CTOD value was 1.0 mm or more, it was considered that ductile fracture occurred, and the above calculation was performed with the CTOD value being 1.0 mm.
- the number of oxide particles in the steel material was measured by the following method. A cross-section sample in the center in the plate thickness direction is made from each steel material. For oxide particles (coarse total oxide particles) with an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, FE-SEM (Field-Emission-Scanning-Electron-Microscope) is used. The particle size and number were measured.
- Mg-containing oxide particles micro Mg-containing oxide particles
- SPEED method Selective Potentiostatic Etching by Electrolyic Extraction replica films were prepared from samples electropolished by Dissolution) and observed with a FE-TEM (Field-Emission-Transmission-Electron Microscope) of 10,000 to 1000000 times.
- Inclusion particles having an Mg weight ratio of 7% or more determined from characteristic X-rays were determined as Ti-containing inclusion particles by EDX method (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry). From these results, the size and number of Ti-containing inclusion particles were measured. At least 20 visual fields were observed at the center of the plate thickness of each sample, and the average value of the number of inclusion particles (the fine Mg-containing oxide particles and the coarse inclusion particles) per unit area was calculated.
- a blank means that an alloying element is not intentionally added.
- Underline means outside the scope of the present invention or outside the preferred range.
- a blank means that an alloying element is not intentionally added.
- thermomechanical processing column The following Table 3, in Table 4, 7 and 8, the legend of thermomechanical processing column, as follows.
- CR Controlled rolling (rolling at the optimum temperature for strength and toughness)
- ACC Accelerated cooling (water cooling to 400-600 ° C after controlled rolling)
- DQT Quenching-tempering treatment immediately after rolling
- the underline means that the steel material according to the comparative example or the numerical value is out of the preferred range.
- An underline means that it is outside the range of the steel materials concerning this comparative example, this invention, or a preferable range.
- a blank means that the corresponding alloy element is not added intentionally.
- An underline means that it is out of the steel material concerning a comparative example, or a preferable range.
- the joint No. 1 to 31 are those in which the steel (base material) and weld metal component composition, CeEBB, and C / CeEBB are all within the scope of the present invention, the steel (BM), the heat affected zone (HAZ). ),
- the ratio of fracture toughness value ⁇ c of weld metal (WM), ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM , and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM are sufficient values.
- joint No. No. 32 has a small amount of C and a large amount of Mn, so CeEBB is high, the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is lowered, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. No. 35 (Comparative Example) has a low Mn content in steel and a low CeEBB, so the strength of the steel (base material) is low, the CTOD value ( ⁇ WM ) of the weld metal (WM) decreases, and ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM And ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM are increased.
- Fitting No. 34 (comparative example), Si amount is large, the heat affected zone embrittlement phase is generated (HAZ), HAZ of CTOD value [delta] HAZ was low, ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. In 36 (Comparative Example), the amount of Mn in the steel material is large and CeEBB is high, so the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is low, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. 41 (Comparative Example) has a large amount of Ti, and the joint No. 42 (comparative example) has a large amount of Al. 43 (comparative example) has a large amount of N. Therefore, due to oxides and nitrides, the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) decreases, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. No. 44 (Comparative Example) has a small amount of O in the steel, and the joint No. In 45 (Comparative Example), since the amount of O in the steel material is large, the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is lowered, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. 46 to 50 are examples in which the amounts of Mg and Ca are inappropriate, the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is low, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. in 51 (Comparative Example), the CeEBB of the steel material is low, and the strength of the steel material (base material) is reduced.
- Fitting No. In 52 (Comparative Example), CeEBB of the steel material is high, so the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is lowered, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. 53 (Comparative Example) has a high C / CeEBB of the steel material, so the CTOD value ⁇ HAZ of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is low, and ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- Fitting No. No. 54 has a small amount of Ni added to the weld metal (WM), and the joint no. 56 (Comparative Example) has a low CeEBW of the weld metal (WM), low CTOD value [delta] WM of WM, ⁇ BM / ⁇ WM is larger.
- Fitting No. 55 (Comparative Example) has a large amount of Ni added to the weld metal (WM).
- 57 (Comparative Example), since high CeEBW of the weld metal (WM), the heat-affected zone (HAZ) CTOD value [delta] HAZ was low in, ⁇ HAZ / ⁇ WM is insufficient.
- the fracture toughness is less deteriorated than the fracture toughness of the steel (base material).
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年11月22日に、日本に出願された特願2010-260582号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
CeEBB=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式1)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記鋼材の組成中の各元素の質量%であり、
CeEBW=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式2)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記溶接金属の組成中の各元素の質量%である。
CeEBB=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式1)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記鋼材の組成中の各元素の質量%である。
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、電子ビーム溶接継手の母材、つまり、電子ビーム溶接継手に用いる鋼材における各成分の含有量(質量%)である。CeEBB値の単位は質量%である。
CeEBW=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式2)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、電子ビーム溶接継手の溶接金属における各成分の含有量(質量%)である。CeEBW値の単位は質量%である。
なお、これらの成分のうちいずれかが鋼材に添加されていない場合、その元素の含有量に0を代入して(式1)および(式2)を用いればよい。
例えば、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vがいずれも含有されない鋼材の場合、CeEBBは上記式(式1)に替えて下記の式(式1´)を、CeEBWは上記式(式2)に替えて下記の式(式2´)を、用いればよい。
CeEBB=C+1/4Mn・・・(式1´)
CeEBW=C+1/4Mn・・・(式2´)
ただし、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vが不可避的不純物として含有している場合には、(式1)および(式2)によりCeEBBおよびCeEBWを計算することが好ましい。
また、上記鋼材は、必要に応じて、Nb:0%~0.020%、V:0%~0.030%、Cr:0%~0.50%、Mo:0%~0.50%、Cu:0%~0.25%、Ni:0%~0.50%、及び、B:0%~0.0030%を含有してもよい。
上記鋼材の組成の残部は鉄及び不可避的不純物からなる。
また、上記溶接金属は、必要に応じて、Nb:0%~0.020%、V:0%~0.030%、Cr:0%~0.50%、Mo:0%~0.50%、Cu:0%~0.25%、及び、B:0%~0.0030%を含有してもよい。
上記溶接金属の組成の残部は鉄及び不可避的不純物からなる。
なお、本発明の実施形態に従って一般的な条件で電子ビーム溶接を行うと、その過程において、溶接金属では、鋼材のO量の内、約半分程度が失われる場合が多い。例えば、鋼材のO量が0.0035%以下のとき、溶接後の継手において、溶接金属中のO量は約0.0020%以下となる場合が多い。溶接金属のO量を、20ppm未満、19ppm以下、18ppm以下又は17ppm以下としてもよい。溶接金属のO量の下限を必ずしも設ける必要はないが、4ppm以上、8ppm以上、10ppm以上、12ppm以上、又は14ppm以上としても、差し支えない。
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、鋼材成分の含有量(質量%)である。CeEBB値の単位は質量%である。
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、溶接金属における成分の含有量(質量%)である。CeEBW値の単位は質量%である。
0.3≦δHAZ/δWM≦1.1 ・・・(式4)
ただし、δWM、δHAZ、及び、δBMは、0℃で三点曲げCTOD試験を6回行ったときのCTOD値の最低値である。CTOD値が1.0mm以上となった場合は延性破壊したものとみなし、CTOD値を1.0mmとして上記計算を行う。
鋼材(鋼片)の製造方法は、工業的には、連続鋳造法が好ましい。連続鋳造法によれば、鋳造後の冷却速度を高めて、生成する酸化物とTi窒化物を微細化することができる。このため、靭性向上の点から、連続鋳造法が好ましい。
表1及び表2に示す成分組成の鋼材を用いて、表3及び表4に示す条件により、鋼材を製造した。鋼材から試験片を採取し、引張試験及びCTOD試験を行い、鋼材(母材)の引張強度及び破壊靭性値を測定した。鋼材(母材)の強度は、板厚1/2部から圧延方向を長手方向として試験片を採取し、JIS Z 2241に基づいて測定した。なお、降伏応力が355~420MPaであるものを良好と評価した。
CR:制御圧延(強度・靭性に最適な温度での圧延)
ACC:加速冷却(制御圧延後に400~600℃の温度域まで水冷)
DQT:圧延直後に焼入れ-焼き戻し処理
靭性値(CTOD値)が1.0mm以上となった場合は、鋼材が延性破壊したものとみなし、靭性値を1.0mmとして計算を行った。
Claims (8)
- 鋼材が電子ビームで溶接され、溶接金属が形成された電子ビーム溶接継手であって、前記鋼材の組成が、質量%で、
C:0.02%~0.10%、
Si:0.03%~0.30%、
Mn:1.5%~2.5%、
Ti:0.005%~0.015%、
N:0.0020%~0.0060%、
O:0.0010%~0.0035%、
Mg:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Ca:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Nb:0%~0.020%、
V:0%~0.030%、
Cr:0%~0.50%、
Mo:0%~0.50%、
Cu:0%~0.25%、
Ni:0%~0.50%、及び、
B:0%~0.0030%を含有し、
Al:0.015%以下に制限し、
P:0.015%以下に制限し、
S:0.010%以下に制限し、
残部が鉄及び不可避的不純物からなり、
前記鋼材の組成中のMg及びCaの質量%で表した含有量が、0.0006%≦Mg+Ca≦0.0040%を満足し、
前記鋼材の組成を下記の式1に代入して求められる指標値CeEBBが0.42%~0.65%であって、
前記鋼材の板厚方向に沿った断面の板厚中心部において、円相当径が1.0μm以上の酸化物の数が20個/mm2以下であり、
前記板厚中心部において、Mgを7%以上含有する円相当径が0.05μm以上0.5μm未満の酸化物の数が1×103~1×105個/mm2であり、
前記溶接金属の組成が、質量%で、
C:0.02%~0.10%、
Si:0.03%~0.30%、
Mn:1.2%~2.4%、
Ni:1.0~2.3%、
Ti:0.005%~0.015%、
N:0.0020%~0.0060%、
O:0.0004%~0.0020%、
Mg:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Ca:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Nb:0%~0.020%、
V:0%~0.030%、
Cr:0%~0.50%、
Mo:0%~0.50%、
Cu:0%~0.25%、及び、
B:0%~0.0030%を含有し、
Al:0.015%以下に制限し、
P:0.015%以下に制限し、
S:0.010%以下に制限し、
前記溶接金属の組成中のMg及びCaの質量%で表した含有量が、0.0006%≦Mg+Ca≦0.0040%を満足し、
前記溶接金属の組成を下記の式2に代入して求められる指標値CeEBWが0.56%~0.73%である、
ことを特徴とする電子ビーム溶接継手。
CeEBB=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式1)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記鋼材の組成中の各元素の質量%であり、
CeEBW=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式2)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記溶接金属の組成中の各元素の質量%である。 - 前記指標値CeEBBに対する質量%で表した前記鋼材のC量の比であるC/CeEBBが0.02~0.15であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子ビーム溶接継手。
- 前記鋼材の厚さが45~150mmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電子ビーム溶接継手。
- 前記溶接金属のCTOD値をδWM、溶接熱影響部のCTOD値をδHAZ、鋼材のCTOD値をδBMと定義すると、
0.8≦δBM/δWM≦1.25、及び、
0.3≦δHAZ/δWM≦1.1
を満足することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電子ビーム溶接継手。 - 電子ビーム溶接用の鋼材であって、前記鋼材の成分が、質量%で、
C:0.02%~0.10%、
Si:0.03%~0.30%、
Mn:1.5%~2.5%、
Ti:0.005%~0.015%、
N:0.0020%~0.0060%、
O:0.0010%~0.0035%、
Mg:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Ca:0.0003%~0.0027%、
Nb:0%~0.020%、
V:0%~0.030%、
Cr:0%~0.50%、
Mo:0%~0.50%、
Cu:0%~0.25%、
Ni:0%~0.50%、及び、
B:0%~0.0030%を含有し、
Al:0.015%以下に制限し、
P:0.015%以下に制限し、
S:0.010%以下に制限し、
残部が鉄及び不可避的不純物からなり、
前記鋼材の組成中のMg及びCaの質量%で表した含有量が、0.0006%≦Mg+Ca≦0.0040%を満足し、
前記鋼材の組成を下記の式1に代入して求められる指標値CeEBBが0.42%~0.65%であって、
前記鋼材の板厚方向に沿った断面の板厚中心部において、円相当径が1.0μm以上の酸化物の数が20個/mm2以下であり、
前記板厚中心部において、Mgを7%以上含有する円相当径が0.05μm以上0.5μm未満の酸化物の数が1×103~1×105個/mm2である
ことを特徴とする電子ビーム溶接用鋼材。
CeEBB=C+1/4Mn+1/15Cu+1/15Ni+1/5Cr+1/5Mo+1/5V ・・・(式1)
ここで、C、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、及び、Vは、それぞれ、前記鋼材の組成中の各元素の質量%である。 - 前記指標値CeEBBに対する質量%で表した前記鋼材のC量の比であるC/CeEBBが、0.02~0.15であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電子ビーム溶接用鋼材。
- 前記鋼材の厚さが45~150mmであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の電子ビーム溶接用鋼材。
- 請求項5又は6に記載の電子ビーム溶接用鋼材の製造方法であって、
前記鋼材を鋳造する際、前記鋼材を、1300~1100℃の温度域での冷却速度が9℃/min以上となるように冷却する工程と、
前記鋳造工程の後、前記鋼材を950~1150℃に加熱し、その後、加工熱処理を施す工程と、
を有することを特徴とする電子ビーム溶接用鋼材の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103069039B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
CN103069039A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
JPWO2012070359A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
EP2594657B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP2594657A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
EP2594657A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
JP5015360B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 |
KR20130027574A (ko) | 2013-03-15 |
KR101346961B1 (ko) | 2014-01-02 |
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