WO2012046551A1 - 繊維強化樹脂複合材料 - Google Patents
繊維強化樹脂複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046551A1 WO2012046551A1 PCT/JP2011/070988 JP2011070988W WO2012046551A1 WO 2012046551 A1 WO2012046551 A1 WO 2012046551A1 JP 2011070988 W JP2011070988 W JP 2011070988W WO 2012046551 A1 WO2012046551 A1 WO 2012046551A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/248—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/11—Compounds containing epoxy groups or precursors thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin reinforced fiber useful for producing a fiber reinforced composite material, a fiber reinforced resin composite material using the resin reinforced fiber, and a structure composed of the fiber reinforced resin composite material. .
- Fiber reinforced resin composite material is a composite material composed of reinforced fiber and matrix resin, and is widely used in fields such as automobile parts, civil engineering and building supplies, wind power blades, sports equipment, aircraft, ships, robots, cable materials, etc. ing.
- the reinforcing fiber glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber or the like is used.
- the matrix resin a thermosetting resin that can be easily impregnated into the reinforcing fiber is often used.
- the thermosetting resin epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol resin, maleimide resin, cyanate resin, etc. are used, among others, it has excellent heat resistance, elastic modulus, chemical resistance, An epoxy resin having a small cure shrinkage is most often used.
- Patent Document 1 with the object of providing a carbon fiber reinforced resin composite material excellent in impact resistance, the specific gravity is not more than 1.75, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength are not less than a specific value.
- the surface nitrogen concentration N / C and the surface oxygen concentration O / C are in a specific range, and an epoxy sizing agent comprising an aliphatic compound having a plurality of epoxy groups is applied in an amount of 0.01 to 5% per unit weight of carbon fiber.
- a carbon fiber reinforced resin composite material is disclosed that is reinforced with carbon fibers having a plate edge peel strength of 22 kgf / mm 2 or more.
- the epoxy sizing agent an aliphatic compound having 2 to 4 epoxy groups and a molecular weight of 100 to 2000 is used.
- Patent Document 2 is a carbon fiber having a sizing agent attached thereto, which has a small variation in adhesion, improves the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin, and provides mechanical properties of the composite material. It is a carbon fiber to which a sizing agent comprising a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or an aliphatic compound having a plurality of epoxy groups is attached, the sizing agent A carbon fiber is disclosed in which the thickness of the sizing agent is within a specific range and the ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value of the thickness of the sizing agent is within a specific range.
- the number of epoxy groups in the molecule of the sizing agent attached to the fiber is small, and the molecular weight of the sizing agent is also small, so that the adhesion between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin is sufficiently high. Is difficult.
- the impact resistance of the fiber reinforced resin composite material it has been difficult to simultaneously improve the absorbed energy (elastic energy) up to the maximum load and the absorbed energy (progress energy) after the maximum load.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber for resin reinforcement capable of simultaneously improving the absorption energy (elastic energy) up to the maximum load of the fiber-reinforced resin composite material and the absorption energy (progress energy) after the maximum load, and the resin reinforcement
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fiber reinforced resin composite material using fibers for use and a structure composed of the fiber reinforced resin composite material.
- the present inventors have used a fiber whose surface has been treated with an epoxidized polydiene resin as a reinforcing fiber, and the absorbed energy and maximum load up to the maximum load of the fiber reinforced resin composite material.
- the present inventors have found that the later absorbed energy can be improved at the same time and completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides a fiber for reinforcing a resin in which the fiber is surface-treated with an epoxidized polydiene resin.
- the fibers are preferably carbon fibers or glass fibers.
- the present invention also provides a fiber reinforced resin composite material composed of the resin reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin.
- the matrix resin is preferably an epoxy thermosetting resin.
- the present invention further provides a structure composed of the fiber reinforced resin composite material.
- the fiber surface is treated with an epoxidized polydiene resin having a rubber elasticity in the molecular main chain itself and a large number of epoxy groups in the molecule.
- an interfacial phase having extremely high adhesion (adhesion) to the matrix resin and extremely excellent flexibility is formed between the fiber and the matrix resin. Therefore, the absorption energy (elastic energy) up to the maximum load of the fiber reinforced resin composite material and the absorption energy (progress energy) after the maximum load can be improved at the same time. That is, it has become possible to simultaneously improve the dynamic strength and static strength, which have been difficult to achieve at the same time.
- the conventional fiber-reinforced resin composite material of the present invention has tenacity, whereas conventional materials that are resistant to instantaneous shock generally have the disadvantage of becoming brittle after receiving an impact. In addition to being able to withstand strong impacts, it can retain high strength even after being subjected to strong impacts.
- the fiber for resin reinforcement of the present invention is obtained by surface-treating a fiber with an epoxidized polydiene resin.
- the fiber is not particularly limited as long as it is a fiber that is usually used in a fiber-reinforced resin composite material, and examples thereof include carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and boron fiber. Among these, carbon fiber and glass fiber are particularly preferable.
- a fiber can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the carbon fiber for example, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, vapor-grown carbon fiber, or the like can be used.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- strengthening can be used.
- the epoxidized polydiene resin for example, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or an epoxidized product of a compound having a butadiene structure or an isoprene structure in the molecule can be used.
- the epoxidized product of a copolymer having a butadiene structure or an isoprene structure in the molecule include an epoxidized product of a copolymer polyene having a butadiene structure (for example, an epoxidized product of styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer), an isoprene structure.
- Examples thereof include epoxidized products of copolymer polyenes having styrene (for example, epoxidized products of styrene / isoprene / styrene copolymers).
- the terminal group of the copolymer of polybutadiene, polyisoprene and a compound having a butadiene structure or an isoprene structure in the molecule may be a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or the like.
- a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group are particularly preferable.
- epoxidized polydiene resin epoxidized polybutadiene, epoxidized polyisoprene, epoxidized styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer, epoxidized styrene / isoprene / styrene copolymer are preferable, and epoxidized polybutadiene is particularly preferable. preferable.
- Epoxidized polydiene resins can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the epoxidized polydiene resin can be obtained by reacting an epoxidizing agent with polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or a copolymer of a compound having a butadiene structure or an isoprene structure in the molecule.
- the steric structure of the double bond site is cis-1,4, trans-1,4, trans-1, 2, any of cis-1,2 may be used. Moreover, those ratios may be arbitrary.
- the epoxidizing agent examples include organic peracids such as peracetic acid, performic acid, perbenzoic acid, trifluoroperacetic acid and perpropionic acid, and organic hydroperoxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide. Examples thereof include oxides.
- organic peracid in order to increase the oxirane oxygen concentration of the target product, an organic peracid that does not substantially contain water (for example, a water content of 0.8% by weight or less) is preferable.
- peracetic acid is particularly preferable because it can be obtained industrially at low cost and has high stability.
- a catalyst can be used for epoxidation.
- an organic peracid such as sodium carbonate or an acid such as sulfuric acid can be used as a catalyst.
- an alkali such as sodium carbonate or an acid such as sulfuric acid
- hydrogen peroxide used as the epoxidizing agent
- tungstic acid and sodium hydroxide or an organic acid can be used as a catalyst.
- organic hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide are used, molybdenum hexacarbonyl can be used as a catalyst.
- the epoxidation reaction can be performed in an inert solvent.
- the inert solvent include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; ethers; esters such as ethyl acetate; chloroform , Halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride; mixed solvents thereof and the like.
- the reaction temperature for epoxidation can be appropriately selected according to the type of epoxidizing agent.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, 20 to 80 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, 20 to 150 ° C.
- the charged molar ratio of the epoxidizing agent to the raw material can be appropriately selected according to the target degree of epoxidation. It is preferable to add 1 to 2 mol of an epoxidizing agent with respect to 1 mol of the double bond of the raw material.
- the produced epoxidized polydiene resin can be obtained by an appropriate method such as a method of precipitating with a poor solvent, a method of pouring the polymer into hot water with stirring and distilling off the solvent, or a method of directly removing the solvent. Can be separated.
- the number average molecular weight of the epoxidized polydiene resin is, for example, 500 to 50000, preferably 2500 to 30000, and more preferably 3500 to 20000.
- the oxirane oxygen concentration of the epoxidized polydiene resin is, for example, 3 to 15%, preferably 5 to 12%.
- the number of epoxy groups in one molecule is preferably 5 or more (for example, 5 to 200), more preferably 10 or more, and still more preferably 20 or more.
- the fiber for resin reinforcement of the present invention can be obtained by surface-treating the fiber with an epoxidized polydiene resin.
- the form of the fiber is not particularly limited, and may be any form such as a single fiber, a yarn, a strand, a woven fabric, a knit, a mat, or a braid.
- the surface treatment method is not particularly limited.
- the fiber is immersed in a solution or dispersion of an epoxidized polydiene resin, or a solution or dispersion of an epoxidized polydiene resin is sprayed on the fiber to A method of attaching an epoxidized polydiene resin to the surface can be used.
- the solvent is removed by drying at an appropriate temperature.
- the drying temperature can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the solvent, and is, for example, about 35 to 350 ° C., preferably about 40 to 250 ° C.
- Examples of the solvent used for preparing the solution or dispersion of the epoxidized polydiene resin include water; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; amides or lactams such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; ketones such as acetone; esters or lactones; And the like.
- a surfactant, an emulsifier, a dispersant and the like can be used as necessary (particularly when water is used as a solvent).
- the surfactant any of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and the like may be used.
- Surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a dispersion obtained by encapsulating an epoxidized polydiene resin can also be used.
- the treatment amount (adhesion amount) of the epoxidized polydiene resin is, for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by weight, and more preferably 100 parts by weight of the fiber.
- the amount is preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight. If this amount is too small, the adhesiveness between the fiber and the matrix resin tends to be lowered when a fiber reinforced resin composite material is produced, and if too large, the cured product of the epoxidized polydiene resin between the fiber and the matrix resin is likely to be lost. A thick layer will occupy and there is a possibility that the characteristics as a composite material will change.
- the fiber reinforced resin composite material of the present invention is composed of the resin reinforcing fiber and a matrix resin.
- the matrix resin may be either a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, but is preferably a thermosetting resin from the viewpoint of easy impregnation into reinforcing fibers.
- thermosetting resin epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol resin, maleimide resin, cyanate resin and the like are used.
- an epoxy thermosetting resin is preferable because it is excellent in heat resistance, elastic modulus and chemical resistance and has a small curing shrinkage.
- the epoxy thermosetting resin is not particularly limited, but an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule is preferable as the epoxy compound before curing.
- the said epoxy compound can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alicyclic epoxy compounds, bisphenol type diepoxy compounds, aliphatic polyhydric alcohol polyglycidyl ethers, polyglycidylamine type epoxy resins, and the like. Can be used.
- the alicyclic epoxy compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a cycloaliphatic skeleton and two or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
- Adjacent one in which the epoxy group constitutes the cycloaliphatic skeleton An epoxy compound having two or more alicyclic epoxy groups formed containing two carbon atoms is preferred. Examples of such alicyclic epoxy compounds include compounds represented by the following formula (1).
- the alicyclic epoxy compound represented by the above formula (1) is produced by oxidizing a corresponding alicyclic olefin compound with an aliphatic percarboxylic acid or the like, and uses a substantially anhydrous aliphatic percarboxylic acid. It is preferable in that it has a high epoxidation rate.
- Y represents a single bond or a linking group.
- the linking group include a divalent hydrocarbon group, a carbonyl group (—CO—), an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—COO—), an amide bond (—CONH—), a carbonate bond (— OCOO-) and a group in which a plurality of these are linked.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group include linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (particularly 1 to 6) and divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups (particularly divalent cycloalkylene groups). And the like are preferably exemplified.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkylene group include methylene, methylmethylene, dimethylmethylene, ethylene, propylene, and trimethylene groups.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include 1,2-cyclopentylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, cyclopentylidene, 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene, Examples include 1,4-cyclohexylene and cyclohexylidene groups.
- alicyclic epoxy compound represented by the formula (1) examples include the following compounds.
- n is an integer from 1 to 30.
- alicyclic epoxy compound in addition to the above (i), (ii) only one of two epoxy groups is formed by including two adjacent carbon atoms constituting a cyclic aliphatic skeleton.
- An epoxy compound which is an epoxy group for example, limonene diepoxide
- glycidyl ether A compound (for example, a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound having a cyclic aliphatic skeleton and a glycidyl ether group) can also be used. Specific examples of the above compound include the following compounds.
- R is a group obtained by dividing q OH from a q-valent alcohol [R— (OH) q ], p is an integer of 1 to 50, and q is an integer of 1 to 10. In the groups in q parentheses, p may be the same or different.
- q-valent alcohol [R— (OH) q ] includes monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol; ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3- Divalent alcohols such as propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol; glycerin, diglycerin, erythritol , Trivalent or higher alcohols such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and sorbitol.
- monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol
- the alcohol may be polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycarbonate polyol, polyolefin polyol, or the like.
- the alcohol is preferably an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (particularly an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane).
- a polyfunctional epoxy compound having 3 or more epoxy groups may be used. Specifically, the following compounds are exemplified.
- a, b, c, d, e, and f are integers from 0 to 30.
- a bisphenol A epoxy resin bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; a condensation product of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin having glycidyl ether groups at both ends.
- Bisphenol F type epoxy resin bisphenol F diglycidyl ether; condensation product of bisphenol F and epichlorohydrin having glycidyl ether groups at both ends
- bisphenol S type epoxy resin bisphenol S diglycidyl ether
- the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol polyglycidyl ether is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the “aliphatic polyhydric alcohol” in the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol polyglycidyl ether include, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4- Divalent alcohols such as butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol; glycerin, di Examples include trivalent or higher alcohols such as glycerin, polyglycerin, erythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythrito
- aliphatic polyhydric alcohol polyglycidyl ether examples include 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol Examples include diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
- polyglycidylamine type epoxy resin examples include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-methylene-bisbenzamine.
- the epoxy compound is preferably in the form of a liquid from the viewpoint of improving workability at the time of preparation and at the time of manufacturing the fiber reinforced resin composite material.
- it is a solid epoxy compound as a simple substance, it can be used as long as the viscosity (25 ° C.) of the curable composition after blending each component is, for example, 20000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity (25 ° C.) of the epoxy compound (a mixture of all epoxy compounds used) is, for example, 50000 mPa ⁇ s or less, preferably 30000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and more preferably 20000 mPa ⁇ s or less. When this viscosity is too large, workability and the like are liable to deteriorate.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composite material of the present invention is composed of the resin reinforcing fiber of the present invention and a curable composition (composition before curing) that forms the matrix resin. It can be produced by curing the mixed material. Curing is usually performed by heating. Known methods such as prepreg method, hand layup method, filament winding method, RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method, pultrusion molding method, vacuum infusion method and the like can be applied to the production of the fiber reinforced resin composite material. .
- the curable composition is generally composed of a curable compound (such as an epoxy compound), a curing agent and a curing accelerator, or a curing catalyst, and various additives blended as necessary.
- a curable compound such as an epoxy compound
- the curing agent is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of the curable compound.
- the curable compound is an epoxy compound or the like, an acid anhydride, a polyamine, or the like is preferably used as the curing agent.
- curing agent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the acid anhydride can be arbitrarily selected from those generally used as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
- the acid anhydride is preferably liquid at normal temperature, and specific examples include methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and the like. .
- acid anhydrides that are solid at room temperature such as phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylcyclohexene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, etc.
- phthalic anhydride tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- hexahydrophthalic anhydride hexahydrophthalic anhydride
- methylcyclohexene dicarboxylic acid anhydride etc.
- an acid anhydride that is solid at room temperature it is preferably dissolved in a liquid acid anhydride at room temperature and used as a liquid mixture at room temperature.
- the product name “Rikacid MH-700” (manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), the product name “Rikacid MH” (manufactured by Shin Nippon Kaika Co., Ltd.), and the product name “HN-5500” (Hitachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (Commercially available) can also be used.
- the polyamine can be arbitrarily selected from those commonly used as curing agents for epoxy resins.
- the polyamine is preferably liquid at room temperature. When a polyamine that is solid at room temperature is used, it is preferably dissolved in a liquid polyamine at room temperature and used as a liquid mixture at room temperature.
- Specific examples of polyamines include, for example, chain aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenediamine, and diethylaminopropylamine; cyclic aliphatics such as N-aminoethylpiperazine, mensendiamine, and isophoronediamine.
- Polyamines; polyether polyamines [For example, “JEFFAMINEAMD-230”, “JEFFAMINE D-400”, “JEFFAMINE D-2000”, “JEFFAMINE D-4000”, “JEFFAMINE ED-600”, “JEFFAMINE ED- 900 ”,“ JEFFAMINE ED-2003 ”,“ JEFFAMINE EDR-148 ”,“ JEFFAMINE ⁇ EDR-176”, “JEFFAMINE T-403”, “JEFFAMINE T-3000”, “JEFFAMINE T-5000” (and above, manufactured by Huntsman) ) Etc.].
- the compounding amount of the curing agent such as an acid anhydride curing agent or polyamine curing agent is an effective amount capable of exerting an effect as a curing agent, that is, usually per equivalent of epoxy group in the epoxy compound in the epoxy resin composition.
- the acid anhydride is preferably used in such a ratio that the acid anhydride equivalent (or amine equivalent, etc.) is 0.5 to 1.5.
- the curing accelerator is not particularly limited as long as it is a curing accelerator generally used for accelerating curing of epoxy compounds and the like.
- a curing accelerator generally used for accelerating curing of epoxy compounds and the like.
- tertiary amines, tertiary amine salts, imidazoles, organophosphorus compounds, Quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, organometallic salts, boron compounds, and the like can be used.
- a hardening accelerator can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- Tertiary amines include, for example, lauryl dimethylamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, 2,4 , 6-tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5 ( DBN).
- lauryl dimethylamine N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, 2,4 , 6-tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3
- Examples of the tertiary amine salt include carboxylates, sulfonates, and inorganic acid salts of the tertiary amine.
- Examples of the carboxylate include salts of carboxylic acids having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (particularly 1 to 10 carbon atoms) such as octylate (particularly salts of fatty acids).
- Examples of the sulfonate include p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, and ethanesulfonate.
- tertiary amine salts include salts of 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7 (DBU) (for example, p-toluenesulfonate, octylate).
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, and 1-benzyl. Examples include -2-methylimidazole.
- organic phosphorus compound examples include triphenylphosphine and triphenyl phosphite.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt include tetraethylammonium bromide and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
- Examples of the quaternary phosphonium salt include tetrabutyl phosphonium decanoate, tetrabutyl phosphonium laurate, tetrabutyl phosphonium myristate, tetrabutyl phosphonium palmitate, tetrabutyl phosphonium cation and bicyclo [2.2.1.
- organic metal salt examples include tin octylate, zinc octylate, dibutyltin dilaurate, and an aluminum acetylacetone complex.
- boron compounds include boron trifluoride and triphenyl borate.
- the blending amount of the curing accelerator varies depending on the kind of the curing agent (acid anhydride curing agent etc.), but is usually 0.01 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the curing agent. -10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5-8 parts by weight.
- a cationic polymerization initiator can be used as the curing catalyst.
- the cationic polymerization initiator is an initiator that releases a substance that initiates cationic polymerization by heating.
- Examples of the cationic polymerization initiator include aryldiazonium salts [for example, PP-33 (manufactured by ADEKA)], aryliodonium salts, arylsulfonium salts [for example, FC-509 (manufactured by 3M), UVE1014 ( GE Co., Ltd.), CP-66, CP-77 (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), SI-60L, SI-80L, SI-100L, SI-110L (above, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Etc.))] and the like.
- aryldiazonium salts for example, PP-33 (manufactured by ADEKA)
- aryliodonium salts for example, FC-5
- the amount of the curing catalyst used is, for example, 0.01 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 12 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the curable compound (epoxy compound etc.). Parts by weight.
- Examples of the various additives include low molecular weight compounds having a hydroxyl group. By blending a low molecular compound having a hydroxyl group, the curing reaction can be allowed to proceed slowly.
- Examples of the compound having a hydroxyl group include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin.
- additives can be added to the curable composition as long as the physical properties of the cured product (fiber reinforced resin composite material) are not adversely affected.
- additives include surfactants, internal mold release agents, colorants, flame retardants, antifoaming agents, silane coupling agents, fillers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and the like.
- the blending amount of these various additives is preferably 10% or less (particularly 5% or less) based on the weight of the curable composition.
- the curing temperature of the curable composition varies depending on the type of the curable compound, but is, for example, 40 to 250 ° C., preferably 80 to 200 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the fiber reinforced resin composite material (cured product) thus obtained is, for example, 90 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher.
- the fiber volume content (Vf) in the fiber reinforced resin composite material is generally 20 to 80%, preferably 35 to 70%, although it varies depending on the application.
- the fiber reinforced resin composite material of the present invention has both improved elastic energy and progress energy, and not only is strong against impact, but also retains strength after impact, so the fuselage of the aircraft, main wing, tail wing, moving blade, Fairing, cowls, doors, spacecraft motor cases, main wings, etc., satellite structures, automobile chassis and other car parts, railway vehicle structures, bicycle structures, ship structures, wind power blades, pressure vessels , Fishing rods, tennis rackets, golf shafts, robot arms, cables, and other structures.
- Example 1 Carbon fiber in a solution in which 2 parts by weight of epoxidized polybutadiene [manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name “Epolide PB3600”, oxirane oxygen concentration 7.8%, number average molecular weight 5900] was dissolved in 100 parts by weight of acetone.
- a cloth [a plain fabric made of carbon fiber T700 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.] was immersed for about 10 seconds and taken out, and dried in a dryer at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. The weight of the carbon fiber cloth after drying increased by 1.5% compared with that before immersion, and it was confirmed that the epoxidized polybutadiene was applied to the carbon fiber.
- Evaluation test 1 The single layer carbon fiber reinforced resin obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was subjected to a tensile test, and the elastic modulus (GPa) and tensile strength (MPa) were measured.
- the tensile test was performed according to the method of JIS K7073.
- the test piece size of a single layer body is length 200mm, width 20mm, and thickness 0.35mm.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Evaluation test 2 The dropping impact test is performed on the carbon fiber reinforced resin laminated in 12 layers obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the absorbed energy (elastic energy) up to the maximum load and the absorbed energy (progress energy) after the maximum load are calculated. It was measured.
- the drop impact test was performed according to the method of JIS K7085.
- the test piece size of the 12-layer laminate was 100 mm in length, 100 mm in width, and 2 mm in thickness. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the composite material (Example 1) using the resin reinforcing fiber surface-treated with the epoxidized polydiene resin used the resin reinforcing fiber not surface-treated with the epoxidized polydiene resin.
- the composite material (Comparative Example 1) it can be seen that the tensile strength is significantly improved and both the elastic energy and the progress energy are increased.
- the resin reinforcing fiber of the present invention can simultaneously improve the absorption energy (elastic energy) up to the maximum load of the fiber reinforced resin composite material and the absorption energy (progress energy) after the maximum load. It is useful as a raw material for producing fiber-reinforced composite materials used in the fields of products, wind power blades, sports equipment, aircraft, ships, robots, cable materials and the like.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明の樹脂強化用繊維は、繊維をエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂で表面処理したものである。繊維としては、繊維強化樹脂複合材料に通常用いられる繊維であれば特に限定されず、例えば、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ボロン繊維などが挙げられる。これらのなかでも、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維が特に好ましい。繊維は1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
本発明の樹脂強化用繊維は、繊維をエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂によって表面処理することにより得ることができる。繊維の形態としては、特に限定されず、例えば、単繊維、ヤーン、ストランド、織物、ニット、マット、ブレイド等のいずれの形態であってもよい。表面処理の方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、繊維をエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂の溶液又は分散液に浸漬させたり、繊維にエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂の溶液又は分散液を噴霧して、繊維の表面にエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂を付着させる方法などを用いることができる。浸漬、噴霧等の操作後は、適当な温度で乾燥して、溶媒を除去する。乾燥温度は、溶剤の種類等により適宜選択でき、例えば、35~350℃、好ましくは40~250℃程度である。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂複合材料は、前記樹脂強化用繊維とマトリックス樹脂とで構成される。マトリックス樹脂としては、熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂のいずれであってもよいが、強化繊維への含浸が容易な点で、熱硬化性樹脂が好ましい。熱硬化性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、マレイミド樹脂、シアネート樹脂等が用いられる。マトリックス樹脂としては、上記樹脂の中でも、耐熱性、弾性率、耐薬品性に優れており、また硬化収縮が小さい点で、エポキシ系熱硬化性樹脂が好ましい。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂複合材料は、マトリックス樹脂が熱硬化性樹脂の場合には、前記本発明の樹脂強化用繊維とマトリックス樹脂を形成する硬化性組成物(硬化前の組成物)とからなる混合材料を硬化させることにより製造できる。硬化は、通常、加熱により行われる。繊維強化樹脂複合材料の製造には、公知の方法、例えば、プリプレグ法、ハンドレイアップ法、フィラメントワインディング法、RTM(Resin Transfer Molding)法、引抜き成形法、バキュームインヒュージョン法等の方法を適用できる。
エポキシ化ポリブタジエン[ダイセル化学工業(株)製、商品名「エポリード PB3600」、オキシラン酸素濃度7.8%、数平均分子量5900]2重量部をアセトン100重量部に溶解させた溶液中に、炭素繊維クロス[東レ(株)製、炭素繊維T700による平織物]を約10秒間浸漬して取り出し、乾燥機内で、60℃の温度で30分間乾燥させた。乾燥後の炭素繊維クロスの重量は、浸漬前に比べて1.5%増加し、エポキシ化ポリブタジエンが炭素繊維に塗布されたことを確認した。
次に浸漬乾燥後の炭素繊維クロスの単層体または12層積層体に、3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル(3,4-エポキシ)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート[ダイセル化学工業(株)製、商品名「セロキサイド2021P」]100重量部に対して、4-メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸とヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸との混合物[新日本理化(株)製、商品名「リカシッドMH-700」]130重量部、エチレングリコール0.65重量部、硬化促進剤として1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデセン-7のオクチル酸塩[サンアプロ(株)製、商品名「SA-102」]0.65重量部を混合した液(硬化性組成物)をハンドレイアップ法にて含浸させ、加熱炉にて、110℃で2時間硬化させた後、さらに170℃で2時間硬化させることにより炭素繊維強化樹脂を得た。
得られた炭素繊維強化樹脂の繊維体積含有率(Vf)を測定したところ、単層体では54.0%、12層積層体では60.9%であった。
炭素繊維クロスをエポキシ化ポリブタジエンの溶液に浸漬する操作を行わなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、単層体、12層積層体の炭素繊維強化樹脂を作製した。
得られた炭素繊維強化樹脂の繊維体積含有率(Vf)を測定したところ、単層体では54.0%、12層積層体では64.3%であった。
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた単層体の炭素繊維強化樹脂について引張試験を行い、弾性率(GPa)と引張強度(MPa)を測定した。引張試験は、JIS K7073の方法に準じて行った。なお、単層体の試験片サイズは、長さ200mm、幅20mm、厚さ0.35mmである。結果を表1に示す。表1において、増加率は下記式により求めた。
増加率(%)=[(実施例1の値-比較例1の値)/比較例1の値]×100
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた12層積層させた炭素繊維強化樹脂について落すい衝撃試験を行い、最大荷重までの吸収エネルギー(弾性エネルギー)及び最大荷重後の吸収エネルギー(進展エネルギー)を測定した。落すい衝撃試験は、JIS K7085の方法に準じて行った。なお、12層積層体の試験片サイズは、長さ100mm、幅100mm、厚さ2mmであった。結果を表2に示す。表2において、増加率は下記式により求めた。
増加率(%)=[(実施例1の値-比較例1の値)/比較例1の値]×100
Claims (5)
- 繊維をエポキシ化ポリジエン系樹脂で表面処理した樹脂強化用繊維。
- 前記繊維が炭素繊維又はガラス繊維である請求項1記載の樹脂強化用繊維。
- 請求項1又は2記載の樹脂強化用繊維とマトリックス樹脂とで構成される繊維強化樹脂複合材料。
- 前記マトリックス樹脂がエポキシ系熱硬化性樹脂である請求項3記載の繊維強化樹脂複合材料。
- 請求項4記載の繊維強化樹脂複合材料で構成されている構造物。
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JPWO2016009858A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-04-27 | Jsr株式会社 | 成形体の製造方法 |
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US20120149802A1 (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-14 | The Boeing Company | Composites having distortional resin coated fibers |
EP2851381B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2020-02-19 | Daicel Corporation | Epoxy-amine adduct, resin composition, sizing agent, carbon fiber coated with sizing agent, and fiber-reinforced composite material |
DE102013215384A1 (de) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-26 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundformteils, Verbundformteil, Sandwichbauteil und Rotorblattelement und Windenergieanlage |
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CA3041925A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Reichhold As | Rapid curing epoxy-resin composition for fiber-matrix semifinished products |
CN109054296B (zh) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-12-04 | 法尔胜泓昇集团有限公司 | 一种表面带树脂肋的高强度碳纤维复合材料筋材及其制备方法 |
KR20210136985A (ko) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-11-17 | 가부시키가이샤 아데카 | 섬유강화 플라스틱용 수지 조성물, 및 상기 조성물을 함유하는 섬유강화 플라스틱 |
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CN103109013A (zh) | 2013-05-15 |
JP2012077426A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
TW201224240A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
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