WO2012026116A1 - 水素精製装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム - Google Patents
水素精製装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012026116A1 WO2012026116A1 PCT/JP2011/004690 JP2011004690W WO2012026116A1 WO 2012026116 A1 WO2012026116 A1 WO 2012026116A1 JP 2011004690 W JP2011004690 W JP 2011004690W WO 2012026116 A1 WO2012026116 A1 WO 2012026116A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
- C01B3/586—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being a methanation reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0435—Catalytic purification
- C01B2203/0445—Selective methanation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0833—Heating by indirect heat exchange with hot fluids, other than combustion gases, product gases or non-combustive exothermic reaction product gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1088—Non-supported catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen purifier that reduces carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as CO) contained in a hydrogen-containing gas, and a fuel including a fuel cell that generates electricity using the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the hydrogen purifier. It relates to a battery system.
- CO carbon monoxide
- the hydrogen purifier includes a CO removal unit that reduces carbon monoxide produced by the reforming reaction.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is generated by a reforming reaction using a raw material containing at least carbon and hydrogen as constituent elements.
- the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the hydrogen purifier is supplied to the fuel cell and used for power generation of the fuel cell.
- the CO removal unit generally has a form in which carbon monoxide is reduced by an oxidation reaction, but a form in which carbon monoxide is reduced by a methanation reaction has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). .
- the present invention provides a hydrogen purifier and a fuel equipped with the same, in which the temperature gradient upstream and downstream of the methanation catalyst is reduced and CO methanation reactivity is improved. and an object thereof is to provide a battery system.
- the hydrogen purifier of the present invention includes a shift catalyst that reduces carbon monoxide contained in a hydrogen-containing gas by a shift reaction, and carbon monoxide included in the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the shift catalyst.
- a methanation catalyst for reducing the amount of hydrogen-containing gas passing through the shift catalyst, and the shift catalyst and the methanation catalyst are configured to exchange heat through the first partition wall.
- the flow direction and the flow direction of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the methanation catalyst are configured to face each other.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention comprises the above-described hydrogen purifier of the present invention and a fuel cell that generates electric power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen purifier.
- the temperature gradient between the upstream and downstream of the methanation catalyst is reduced and the CO methanation reactivity is improved as compared with the conventional hydrogen purifier and fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen purifier according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen purifier according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen purifier according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a hydrogen purifier representing a conventional embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an example of the hydrogen purifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a comparative example of the hydrogen purifier.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to the sixth embodiment.
- the hydrogen purifier according to the present embodiment includes a shift catalyst that reduces carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas by a shift reaction, and a carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the shift catalyst is reduced by a methanation reaction.
- the shift catalyst and the methanation catalyst are configured to be capable of heat exchange via the first partition wall, and the direction of the flow of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the shift catalyst, and the methanation catalyst It is comprised so that the direction of the flow of the hydrogen containing gas to pass may oppose.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a shifter 5 including a shift catalyst 5a and a CO remover 6 including a methanation catalyst 6a.
- a first partition wall 8 is provided between the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a, and the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a are configured to be capable of heat exchange via the first partition wall 8. Further, the flow direction of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the shift catalyst 5a and the flow direction of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the methanation catalyst are opposed to each other.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a conventional hydrogen purification apparatus 100.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 includes a shifter 5 including a shift catalyst 5a and a CO remover 6 including a methanation catalyst 6a downstream of the shifter 5. Further, the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a are not configured to be able to transfer heat through a partition wall.
- the catalyst metal constituting the shift catalyst 5a for example, a noble metal catalyst such as Pt, a Cu—Zn-based catalyst, or the like is used.
- the catalyst metal carrier may be any carrier as long as it can carry the catalyst metal.
- alumina, silica, silica alumina, magnesia, titania, zeolite and the like can be exemplified.
- pellets, honeycombs, or the like are used as the base material of the shift catalyst 5a.
- the catalyst metal used for the methanation catalyst 6a a metal that is active in CO methanation is used. Examples of such catalytic metals include metals such as Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ni.
- the catalyst metal carrier may be any carrier as long as it can carry the catalyst metal.
- alumina, silica, silica alumina, magnesia, titania, zeolite and the like can be exemplified.
- pellets, honeycombs or the like are used for the base material of the methanation catalyst 6a.
- a suitable temperature for reducing CO by the shift catalyst 5a is higher than a suitable temperature for reducing CO by the methanation catalyst 6a.
- the CO shift reaction proceeds from the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a, and the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a has a larger reaction amount than the downstream side. Since the shift reaction is an exothermic reaction, the temperature upstream of the shift catalyst 5a is higher than the downstream. The temperature distribution from the upstream to the downstream is the same for the methanation catalyst.
- the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a are configured to transfer heat through the first partition wall 8, and pass through the shift catalyst 5a.
- the direction of the flow of the hydrogen-containing gas that flows through and the direction of the flow of the hydrogen-containing gas that passes through the methanation catalyst are configured to face each other.
- the downstream portion where the temperature is lower than the upstream portion as described above exchanges heat with the relatively high temperature portion of the shift catalyst 5a. Compared to the above, the temperature gradient upstream and downstream of the methanation catalyst 6a is reduced.
- the most downstream portion of the shift catalyst 5a may be configured to protrude from the most upstream portion of the methanation catalyst 6a. .
- the upstream portion of the methanation catalyst 6a exchanges heat with a portion having a higher temperature than the most downstream portion of the shift catalyst 5a, so that the possibility that the methanation catalyst 6a falls below the appropriate temperature is reduced. Further, since the most downstream portion of the shift catalyst 5a does not exchange heat with the most upstream portion of the methanation catalyst 6a having a high temperature, the temperature of the most downstream portion of the shift catalyst 5a can be lowered. Thereby, carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the shift catalyst 5a can be reduced. [Modification 2] As a second modification of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1C, the most upstream part of the methanation catalyst 6a may be configured to protrude from the most downstream part of the shift catalyst 5a. .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a water flow path 11, and the water flowing through the water flow path 11 is configured to be able to exchange heat via the methanation catalyst 6 a and the second partition wall 9. ing.
- the water flow path 11 and the shift catalyst 5a are disposed so as to sandwich the methanation catalyst 6a therebetween. Since points other than the above are the same as those of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. Note that the above-described configuration of the present embodiment may be applied to at least one of the hydrogen purification apparatuses 100 of Modification 1 and Modification 2.
- the hydrogen purifier 100 has a shift reaction in which the shift catalyst is excessively lowered in temperature compared to the conventional hydrogen purifier in which the shift catalyst is directly cooled by the water flowing through the water flow path.
- the possibility of deviating from the preferred temperature range is reduced, which is preferable.
- the methanation catalyst is directly cooled by the water flowing through the water channel through the partition wall, the possibility of overheating due to acceleration of the CO2 methanation reaction is reduced.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a water flow path 11 and a gas flow path 10 through which the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the methanation catalyst 6 a flows, and contains hydrogen that flows through the gas flow path 10.
- the gas is configured to be able to exchange heat with water flowing through the water flow path 11 via the third partition wall 12.
- the methanation catalyst 6a is configured to be able to exchange heat with the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the gas flow path 10 via the second partition wall 9, and to be able to exchange heat with water flowing through the water flow path 11 via the gas flow path 10. It is configured. Since points other than the above are the same as those of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. Note that the above-described configuration of the present embodiment may be applied to at least one of the hydrogen purification apparatuses 100 of Modification 1 and Modification 2.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is implemented because the methanation catalyst 6a is configured to be able to exchange heat with water flowing through the water channel 11 indirectly via the gas channel 10. Compared to the hydrogen purification apparatus of the second aspect, the possibility that the methanation catalyst is excessively lowered in temperature and deviated from the suitable temperature range of the methanation reaction is reduced. (Embodiment 4) The hydrogen purification apparatus 100 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is configured so that the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a can exchange heat with water flowing through the water flow path 11 via the third partition wall 12, and
- the downstream side of the catalyst 5 a is configured to be able to exchange heat with the methanation catalyst 6 a via the first partition wall 8.
- the upstream side of the shift catalyst into which the high-temperature hydrogen-containing gas flows is prevented from overheating, and the temperature gradient upstream and downstream of the methanation catalyst 6a is reduced. Further, the possibility that the methanation catalyst 6a is heated to an appropriate temperature is improved as compared with the case where the methanation catalyst exchanges heat with the upstream side of the shift catalyst.
- the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a is configured to be able to exchange heat with the water flowing through the water channel 11 after heat exchange with the methanation catalyst 6a via the gas channel 10, and the downstream side of the shift catalyst 5a is The heat exchange with the methanation catalyst 6a is possible via the first partition wall 8.
- the modification catalyst is higher than the methanation catalyst in spite of having a preferable reaction temperature
- the water flow path 11 has a configuration in which the flow direction of the water flowing through the water flow path 11 is reversed. Since the water flowing through the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the upstream side of the shift catalyst and then exchanges heat with the methanation catalyst via the gas flow path, both the shift catalyst and the methanation catalyst may be out of the suitable temperature range. However, by configuring as described above, in addition to the effect of suppressing the excessive temperature increase on the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a and the effect of achieving the appropriate temperature of the methanation catalyst 6a, the flow direction of the water flowing through the water passage 11 is reversed. In comparison, both the shift catalyst and the methanation catalyst are within a suitable temperature range and are more likely to be maintained.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the example of the present embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 200 includes a temperature detector 14, a reforming catalyst 4a, and an evaporator 7 in addition to the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a constituting the hydrogen purifier 100.
- the burner 2 and the combustion exhaust gas flow path 17 are provided.
- the evaporator 7 corresponds to the water flow path 11.
- the temperature detector 14 is a device that detects the temperature of the methanation catalyst 6a.
- a thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like is used as the temperature detector 14, but any device may be used as long as the temperature can be detected.
- the reforming catalyst 4a is a catalyst for generating a hydrogen-containing gas by reforming the raw material and steam, and is provided in an annular space between the first cylinder 15 and the second cylinder 18 provided outside thereof. It is.
- the catalyst metal for example, Ru, Ni or the like is used, but Ni was used in this example.
- the evaporator 7 is provided upstream of the reforming catalyst 4a in the annular space between the first cylinder 15 and the second cylinder 18, and evaporates the supplied water.
- the raw material is also supplied to the evaporator 7 and the raw material is preheated.
- Burner 2 burns using supplied fuel and air.
- the combustion exhaust gas channel 17 is a channel through which the combustion exhaust gas generated by the burner 2 flows, and is formed by an annular space between the combustion cylinder 3 and the first cylinder 15.
- the reforming catalyst 4 a and the evaporator 7 are configured to be heated in this order via the first cylinder 15 by the combustion exhaust gas flowing through the combustion exhaust gas passage 17.
- the heat insulating material 20 is a heat insulating material that covers the hydrogen generating device 200, and specifically, is configured to cover the third tube 16 that is the outermost tube constituting the hydrogen generating device 200.
- the shift catalyst 5a constituting the hydrogen purifier 100 is provided in an annular space between the second cylinder 18 and the third cylinder 16.
- the methanation catalyst 6 a is provided in an annular space located between the first partition wall 8 and the second partition wall 9.
- the first partition wall 8 and the second partition wall 9 provided inside the first partition wall 8 are provided in an annular space between the second cylinder 18 and the third cylinder 16 located on the downstream side of the shift catalyst 5a. .
- heat is transferred from the shift catalyst 5a to the methanation catalyst 6a via the first partition wall 8.
- the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the shift catalyst 5a turns in the flow direction in the return flow path downstream from the downstream end of the first partition wall 8, and flows into the methanation catalyst 6a.
- the direction of the flow of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the shift catalyst 5a and the direction of the flow of the hydrogen-containing gas passing through the methanation catalyst 6a are opposed to each other.
- a Cu—Zn-based catalyst was used as the shift catalyst 5a, and Ru was used as the methanation catalyst.
- a dedicated device for adjusting the temperature of the shift catalyst 5a or the methanation catalyst 6a is not provided, but a heater using an electric heater or the like, a cooling fan, a cooler using a radiator or the like is used. and it may be.
- the outlet temperature of the shift catalyst 5a is 200 ° C.
- the methanation catalyst 6a The inlet temperature was 220 ° C and the outlet temperature was 210 ° C.
- the CO concentration in the hydrogen-containing gas at the outlet of the methanation catalyst 6a was 27 ppm.
- the evaporator 7 constitutes a cooling means in which the upstream side of the shift catalyst 5a is cooled via the second cylinder 18. However, a bypass path that bypasses the evaporator 7 is provided, and the downstream side of the shift catalyst 5a is the first side. You may comprise so that it can cool via the 3 cylinder 16. FIG.
- the above configuration makes it easier to control the temperature of the downstream portion of the shift catalyst 5a.
- the cooling means for cooling the shift catalyst 5a is not limited to the evaporator 7, and any configuration may be used as long as the shift catalyst 5a can be cooled.
- the shift catalyst 5a may be cooled using air supplied to the burner 2.
- the shift catalyst 5a may be cooled using an oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of a comparative example.
- the methanation catalyst 6 a is provided downstream of the shift catalyst 5 a in the annular space between the second cylinder 18 and the third cylinder 16. Therefore, unlike the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the above embodiment, the methanation catalyst 6a is not configured to transfer heat from the shift catalyst 5a to the shift catalyst 5a and the methanation catalyst 6a via the partition walls.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the outlet temperature 200 of the shift catalyst 5a is 200. C.
- the inlet temperature of the methanation catalyst 6a was 200.degree. C.
- the outlet temperature was 150.degree. C.
- the CO concentration at the outlet of the methanation catalyst was 420 ppm.
- the temperature gradient of the methanation catalyst 6a is 10 ° C., and the temperature range (200 ° C. to 240 ° C.) suitable for reducing CO over the entire methanation catalyst 6a. ), CO could be reduced to 27 ppm by methanation reaction.
- the temperature gradient of the methanation catalyst 6a is 50 ° C., which is larger than that of the example, and a part of the methanation catalyst 6a (downstream side) is suitable for reducing CO. It was out of the range (200 ° C. to 240 ° C.), and CO could only be reduced to 420 ppm.
- Embodiment 5 A hydrogen purification apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 5 will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a temperature detector 14, a water flow rate adjuster 13 that adjusts the flow rate of water flowing through the water flow path 11, and the water flow rate adjuster 13 based on the detection value of the temperature detector 14. And a controller 50 for controlling the operation amount.
- the controller 50 may control the opening of the water flow rate regulation valve based on the detection value of the temperature detector 14.
- the controller 50 controls the detection value of the temperature detector 14 to be equal to or lower than a predetermined upper limit temperature, thereby reducing the possibility of acceleration of the CO2 methanation reaction.
- the other points are the same as those of the hydrogen purification apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the hydrogen purification apparatus of this Embodiment is comprised so that the temperature detector 14, the water flow regulator 13, and the controller 50 may be applied to the hydrogen purification apparatus of Embodiment 4, these apparatuses are used.
- the embodiment applied to the hydrogen purification apparatus of Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 may be adopted. (Embodiment 6) A fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 will be described.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system 300 of the present embodiment.
- a fuel cell system includes the hydrogen purification device according to any one of the first to fifth embodiments and a fuel cell that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen purification device.
- the fuel cell system 300 includes a hydrogen purifier 100, a fuel cell 30, and an oxidant gas supplier 31.
- the fuel cell 30 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen purifier 100 and the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas supply unit 31.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 31 uses an air fan, an air blower, or the like.
- the fuel cell system of the present embodiment can supply power stably with the hydrogen-containing gas in which CO is sufficiently reduced by the methanation reaction in the hydrogen purification apparatus 100.
- the temperature gradient upstream and downstream of the methanation catalyst is reduced and the CO methanation reactivity is improved as compared with the conventional hydrogen purifier and fuel cell system.
- Second partition 10 Gas channel 11 Water channel 12 Third partition 13 Water Flow controller 14 Temperature detector 15 First cylinder 16 Third cylinder 17 Combustion exhaust gas flow path 18 Second cylinder 20 Heat insulating material 30 Fuel cell 31 Oxidant gas supply device 100 Hydrogen purifier 200 Hydrogen generator 300 Fuel cell system
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Abstract
Description
(実施の形態1)
本実施の形態の水素精製装置は、水素含有ガス中に含まれる一酸化炭素を変成反応により低減する変成触媒と、変成触媒を通過した水素含有ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素をメタン化反応により低減するメタン化触媒とを備え、変成触媒とメタン化触媒が、第1の隔壁を介して熱交換可能に構成されるとともに、変成触媒を通過する水素含有ガスの流れの向きと、メタン化触媒を通過する水素含有ガスの流れの向きが対向するよう構成されている。
また、メタン化触媒6aに用いられる触媒金属には、COのメタン化に活性を示す金属が用いられる。このような触媒金属としては、Pt、Ru、Rh、PdおよびNiなどの金属が例示される。特に、触媒金属として、少なくともRu、RhまたはNiを含有することが好ましい。また、上記触媒金属の担体としては、上記触媒金属を担持可能なものであればいずれの担体であっても構わない。例えば、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカアルミナ、マグネシア、チタニア、ゼオライトなどが例示できる。メタン化触媒6aの基材には、ペレット、ハニカム等が用いられる。
[変形例1]
本実施の形態の水素精製装置100の変形例1として、図1Bに示すように、変成触媒5aの最下流部が、メタン化触媒6aの最上流部よりも突出するように構成してもよい。
[変形例2]
本実施の形態の水素精製装置100の変形例2として、図1Cに示すように、メタン化触媒6aの最上流部が、変成触媒5aの最下流部よりも突出するように構成してもよい。
(実施の形態2)
実施の形態2の水素精製装置100について説明する。
(実施の形態3)
実施の形態3の水素精製装置100について説明する。
(実施の形態4)
実施の形態4の水素精製装置100について説明する。
次に、本実施の形態の水素精製装置100の実施例について説明する。
次に、上記実施例に対する比較例を示す。
(実施の形態5)
実施の形態5の水素精製装置100について説明する。
(実施の形態6)
実施の形態6の燃料電池システムについて説明する。
3 燃焼筒
4a 改質触媒
5 変成器
5a 変成触媒
6 CO除去器
6a メタン化触媒
7 蒸発器
8 第1の隔壁
9 第2の隔壁
10 ガス流路
11 水流路
12 第3の隔壁
13 水流量調整器
14 温度検知器
15 第1筒
16 第3筒
17 燃焼排ガス流路
18 第2筒
20 断熱材
30 燃料電池
31 酸化剤ガス供給器
100 水素精製装置
200 水素生成装置
300 燃料電池システム
Claims (10)
- 水素含有ガス中に含まれる一酸化炭素を変成反応により低減する変成触媒と、前記変成触媒を通過した水素含有ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素をメタン化反応により低減するメタン化触媒とを備え、前記変成触媒と前記メタン化触媒が、第1の隔壁を介して熱交換可能に構成されるとともに、前記変成触媒を通過する水素含有ガスの流れの向きと、前記メタン化触媒を通過する水素含有ガスの流れの向きが対向するよう構成されている、水素精製装置。
- 水流路を備え、前記水流路を流れる水は、前記メタン化触媒と第2の隔壁を介して熱交換可能に構成されている、請求項1記載の水素精製装置。
- 前記水流路及び前記変成触媒は、前記メタン化触媒を間に挟むように配設されている、請求項2記載の水素精製装置。
- 水流路と、前記メタン化触媒を通過した水素含有ガスが流れるガス流路とを備え、前記ガス流路を流れる水素含有ガスは、前記水流路を流れる水と第3の隔壁を介して熱交換可能に構成されている、請求項1記載の水素精製装置。
- 前記メタン化触媒は、第2の隔壁を介して前記ガス流路と熱交換可能に構成され、前記ガス流路を介して前記水流路を流れる水と熱交換可能に構成されている、請求項4記載の水素精製装置。
- 水流路を備え、前記変成触媒の上流側は、第3の隔壁を介して前記水流路を流れる水と熱交換可能に構成されるとともに、前記変成触媒の下流側は、前記第1の隔壁を介して前記メタン化触媒と熱交換可能に構成されている、請求項1記載の水素精製装置。
- 水流路を備え、前記変成触媒の上流側は、前記ガス流路を介して前記メタン化触媒と熱交換した後の前記水流路を流れる水と熱交換可能に構成されるとともに、前記変成触媒の下流側は、前記第1の隔壁を介して前記メタン化触媒と熱交換可能に構成されている、請求項1記載の水素精製装置。
- 前記メタン化触媒は、上流側の前記水流路と熱交換可能なように構成されている、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の水素精製装置。
- 前記水流路内の水の流量を調整する水流量調整器と、メタン化触媒の温度に応じて前記水流量調整器の操作量を制御する制御器とを備える、請求項1記載の水素精製装置。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の水素精製装置と、前記水素精製装置より供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池とを備える燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201180004366.0A CN102596799B (zh) | 2010-08-25 | 2011-08-24 | 氢精制装置以及使用其的燃料电池系统 |
US13/503,606 US9614241B2 (en) | 2010-08-25 | 2011-08-24 | Hydrogen-purification apparatus and fuel-cell system using same |
EP11819592.4A EP2610213B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 | 2011-08-24 | Hydrogen-purification apparatus and fuel-cell system using the same |
JP2012513403A JP5853137B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2011-08-24 | 水素精製装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2010-188195 | 2010-08-25 | ||
JP2010188195 | 2010-08-25 |
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WO2012026116A1 true WO2012026116A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
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PCT/JP2011/004690 WO2012026116A1 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2011-08-24 | 水素精製装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US9614241B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2610213B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5853137B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102596799B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012026116A1 (ja) |
Citations (8)
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JP2000256003A (ja) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-19 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 水素リッチガス中のco除去方法 |
JP2004059415A (ja) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-02-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 燃料改質器及び燃料電池発電システム |
JP2005174860A (ja) | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池発電装置 |
JP2007055868A (ja) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | 燃料改質装置 |
JP2007534583A (ja) * | 2004-01-16 | 2007-11-29 | ジュート−ヒェミー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 水素製造装置 |
JP2008303128A (ja) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料改質装置 |
JP2010001187A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 改質装置 |
JP2010100494A (ja) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-05-06 | Renaissance Energy Research:Kk | 水素製造装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
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EP1246287B1 (de) * | 2001-03-31 | 2011-05-11 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Kombinierte Kraft- Wärmeanlage mit Gaserzeugungssystem und Brennstoffzellen sowie Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb |
JP3706611B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-21 | 2005-10-12 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池用水素発生装置 |
US20050025701A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-03 | Millennium Research Laboratories, Inc. | Steam reforming catalyst composition and process |
US9079771B2 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2015-07-14 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generation system, fuel cell system, and method for operation of hydrogen generation system |
WO2009011098A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Panasonic Corporation | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及び水素生成装置の運転方法 |
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2011
- 2011-08-24 JP JP2012513403A patent/JP5853137B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-08-24 US US13/503,606 patent/US9614241B2/en active Active
- 2011-08-24 EP EP11819592.4A patent/EP2610213B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-08-24 WO PCT/JP2011/004690 patent/WO2012026116A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-08-24 CN CN201180004366.0A patent/CN102596799B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2000256003A (ja) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-19 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 水素リッチガス中のco除去方法 |
JP2004059415A (ja) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-02-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 燃料改質器及び燃料電池発電システム |
JP2005174860A (ja) | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池発電装置 |
JP2007534583A (ja) * | 2004-01-16 | 2007-11-29 | ジュート−ヒェミー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 水素製造装置 |
JP2007055868A (ja) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | 燃料改質装置 |
JP2008303128A (ja) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料改質装置 |
JP2010001187A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 改質装置 |
JP2010100494A (ja) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-05-06 | Renaissance Energy Research:Kk | 水素製造装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9614241B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
US20120219870A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
JP5853137B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
CN102596799A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2610213A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
CN102596799B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2610213A4 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2610213B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
JPWO2012026116A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
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