WO2012019383A1 - 一种从废旧含铅玻璃中回收铅的方法 - Google Patents

一种从废旧含铅玻璃中回收铅的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012019383A1
WO2012019383A1 PCT/CN2010/078160 CN2010078160W WO2012019383A1 WO 2012019383 A1 WO2012019383 A1 WO 2012019383A1 CN 2010078160 W CN2010078160 W CN 2010078160W WO 2012019383 A1 WO2012019383 A1 WO 2012019383A1
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Prior art keywords
lead
leachate
precipitate
leaching
solution
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PCT/CN2010/078160
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许开华
郭苗苗
何显达
梁小奎
Original Assignee
深圳市格林美高新技术股份有限公司
荆门市格林美新材料有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市格林美高新技术股份有限公司, 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市格林美高新技术股份有限公司
Priority to EP10855804.0A priority Critical patent/EP2604711B1/en
Priority to JP2013523461A priority patent/JP5596232B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137004473A priority patent/KR101552641B1/ko
Priority to US13/814,477 priority patent/US8771620B2/en
Publication of WO2012019383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012019383A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/04Obtaining lead by wet processes
    • C22B13/045Recovery from waste materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00Obtaining lead
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of treating industrial waste, and more particularly to a method of treating used leaded glass. Background technique
  • Lead-containing glass refers to glass containing SiO 2 and other glass forming materials and high content of PbO. It is mostly used in the manufacture of optical glass, electric vacuum glass, low temperature sealing glass, radiation shielding glass, high refractive microbead glass and art glass. And other products.
  • cathode ray tube As an important lead-containing glass product, cathode ray tube (CRT) is widely used in electronic appliances such as televisions, computer monitors and oscilloscopes.
  • the glass of the CRT display contains a large amount of PbO and various harmful chemical components such as: 53.05% SiO 2 , 18.27% PbO, 3.47% A1 2 0 3 , 2.35% CaO, 1.9% BaO and 0.97% MgO (by mass fraction).
  • the lead content is as high as 20% to 40%. If it is directly discarded, it will not only cause waste of lead resources, but also cause huge pollution to the surrounding environment, and even seriously endanger human health.
  • the Chinese patent with the publication number CN 101613802A provides a process and ancillary equipment for recycling lead in lead-containing glass and producing environmentally-friendly building materials.
  • the raw lead-free glass can be used as a raw material, and the lead is recovered by a vacuum carbothermal reduction process to prepare a foam. glass.
  • the method needs to react at 1000 ° C for several hours, so the required equipment requirements are high, the energy consumption is large, and the pollution is large, so it is not conducive to Industrial production. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention aims to provide a method for treating waste lead-containing glass, which can reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of lead on the environment, and can turn waste into treasure, and effectively utilize metal lead in waste lead-containing glass. Thereby obtaining greater economic benefits, and being reasonable and easy to operate, the pollution is small, and it can be industrialized.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating used leaded glass, comprising the steps of:
  • the composition formula of the lead-containing glass is: R m O n -PbO-Si0 2 (B 2 0 3 )o where Si0 2 (B 2 0 3 ), ie silicon dioxide (boron trioxide), is a network
  • the formation is the basic unit that constitutes the structure of the glass network.
  • R m O n a metal oxide representing an alkali, an alkaline earth, or a rare earth metal, is a network modification that changes the structure of the glass network and achieves adjustment characteristics.
  • PbO, or lead oxide is a characteristic component that imparts basic properties to the glass.
  • the density, refractive index, dispersion, dielectric constant, X-ray and ⁇ -ray absorption coefficient of glass increase the performance index; the hardness, high temperature viscosity, softening temperature, chemical stability and other indicators decrease; The glass molding material becomes long, the colorant is bright, the surface gloss is increased, and the knocking sound is crisp.
  • the lead-containing glass is a glass of a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display
  • the tube panel glass is mainly Si0 2 -BaO-SrO-Zr0 2 -R 2 0-RO-based glass
  • the tube cone and the neck are mainly Si0 2 -Al 2 0 3 -PbO -R 2 0-RO-based glass.
  • R 2 0 and RO are metal oxides, and R may be a metal element such as Mg, Ca or Na.
  • the lead-containing glass is used as a raw material, and the lead-containing glass is firstly pulverized by mechanical treatment, and then the lead-containing glass is further pulverized by a ball mill, and the lead-containing glass powder is collected and sieved for use.
  • the lead-containing glass is initially pulverized to a particle size of l to 5 cm, and further pulverized and passed through a 50-100 mesh sieve. More preferably, the lead-containing glass is initially pulverized to 1 to 3 cm, and further pulverized and passed through an 80-100 mesh sieve.
  • the alkali calcination means that the lead-containing glass powder obtained in the step (1) is adjusted into a paste to obtain a paste; and the paste is baked to obtain a calcined material.
  • the function of this step is to break the network structure of the glass and discard the PbO wrapped in the network structure.
  • the alkali solution used in the alkaline calcination is a strong alkali solution. Sodium carbonate solution and sodium nitrate solution are also available, but the effect is not as good as the strong alkali solution. More preferably, the strong base is NaOH.
  • the lead-containing glass powder and the alkali solution in the alkali calcination are mixed and mixed into a paste according to a mass ratio of the lead-containing glass powder to the solid NaOH.
  • the calcination temperature is from 500 to 700 °C.
  • the calcination time is from 30 min to 5 h. More preferably, the calcination temperature is 600 °C. More preferably, the calcination time is 3 h.
  • step (2) further comprises grinding the calcined material through a 80 mesh screen.
  • the leaching in step (3) is mainly a process of dissolving PbO encapsulated in a glass network structure into a suitable leaching agent, comprising: preparing a leaching agent by mixing a polycarboxylic acid complexing agent and nitric acid, and leaching step (2) The obtained calcined material obtained a leachate.
  • the choice of leaching agent is selected based on the complexation of the polycarboxylic acid complexing agent and the strong acidity of the nitric acid.
  • the equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented by the complex stability constant (also known as the complex formation constant). The larger the constant value, the more stable the complex formed.
  • the "polycarboxylic acid complexing agent" referred to in the present invention means a carboxylic acid having a certain complexing property, and generally has a certain complexing ability to Pb 2+ .
  • acetic acid (acetic acid) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) having a large stability constant (for Pb 2+ ) are preferred.
  • polycarboxylic acid complexing agents have strong complexing ability and can form stable complexes with metallic lead.
  • the polycarboxylic acid complex may also be selected from glycine, as well as capric acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, and malic acid, but the complexing effect is poor.
  • the polycarboxylic acid complexing agent is acetic acid, and is mixed with nitric acid in a volume ratio of 3:1 to 9. More preferably, acetic acid and nitric acid are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1.
  • the concentration of acetic acid is 17 mol/L, and the concentration of nitric acid is 15 mol/L.
  • the step of immersing the calcined material may be performed by adding water to the calcined material, immersing it in a leaching agent, or immersing the calcined material in a diluted leaching agent.
  • the calcined material in the step (2) is placed in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 to 6, and the solid-liquid ratio of the calcined material to the nitric acid is 1:1-4 to be leached into the leaching agent.
  • the calcined material in the step (2) is placed in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and the solid-liquid ratio of the calcined material to the nitric acid is 1:3 to be leached into the leaching agent, wherein the leaching agent
  • the volume ratio of acetic acid to nitric acid is 1:1.
  • 1 part of the calcined material is taken, 5 parts of water and 3 parts of acetic acid and 3 parts of nitric acid are added, mixed, and leached.
  • 3 parts of acetic acid and 3 parts of nitric acid and 5 parts of water are mixed to obtain a diluted leaching agent, and 1 part of the calcined material is placed in the leaching agent to be leached.
  • the leaching action is to leach the lead into the leachate: Since the complexation of the acetate ion and the lead is strong, the lead which is not completely separated can be freely separated.
  • the temperature of the leaching is 60 to 100 °C.
  • the leaching time is from 1 to 5 hours. More preferably, the temperature of the leaching is 90 °C. More preferably, the leaching time is 4h.
  • step (3) further comprises pumping and washing the leachate.
  • the step (4) comprises: adjusting the pH value of the leachate; and precipitating the metal ions such as Pb and Ba in the leachate in one or more steps to form a precipitate; separating and removing impurities, washing, and drying to obtain a lead-containing chemical product.
  • the step of precipitating the metal ions in the step (4) further comprises converting the precipitate, and then separating and removing the impurities.
  • the step (4) is: an alkali solution to strengthen administered leachate leachate adjusted to pH 1-3; 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ leachate to port S0 4 2 -, and the precipitated Pb 2+ Ba 2+, PbS0 4 to give And BaS0 4 precipitation; adding C0 3 2 , converting the precipitate PbS0 4 to PbC0 3 , adding HN0 3 solution, reacting to obtain Pb (N0 3 ) 2 ; suction filtration, solid (BaS0 4 ) solution (Pb (N0 3 ) 2 ) separating and removing impurities; taking the filtrate, adding S0 4 2 - precipitating Pb 2+ , PbS0 4 is obtained; finally, a strong alkali solution is added to adjust the pH to 8 ⁇ 10, and the product is washed and dried to obtain PbO ⁇ PbS0 4 ⁇ H 2 0 (tribasic lead sulfate).
  • step (4) may be: adjusting the pH of the leachate to 11 ⁇ 12; precipitating Pb 2+ to obtain a precipitate of Pb(OH) 2 ; suction filtration, solid-liquid separation and impurity removal; taking solid residue, adding HN0 3
  • the solution is adjusted to pH value of 0.5 ⁇ 1, and Pb(N0 3 ) 2 is obtained .
  • S0 4 2 is added to precipitate Pb 2+ to obtain PbS0 4 .
  • a strong alkali solution is added to adjust the pH to 8 ⁇ 10, washed and dried.
  • Product PbO ⁇ PbS0 4 ⁇ H 2 0 tribasic lead sulfate).
  • the leachate may also contain Al 3+ , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ metal ions, and precipitate into Al ( OH ) 3 , Mg ( OH ) 2 and Ca ( OH ) 2 at a pH of 11-12. Precipitate.
  • the purpose of separating the above precipitate from Ba 2+ is achieved.
  • reaction equation is as follows: One-step precipitation: M n+ +nOH— ⁇ M(0H)n (M means: Pb, possibly also containing Al, Mg and Ca) Precipitation dissolution: M(OH)n +nHN0 3 ⁇ M(N0 3 ) n+nH 2 0
  • adding NaOH to adjust the pH to 12 is preferred to first add The pH of the solid NaOH is adjusted to 6, and then the pH value is adjusted to 12 by adding 10 mol/L NaOH solution to avoid the situation that the pH of the leachate end point may be adjusted incorrectly by solid NaOH precipitation.
  • the Pb containing the invention is prepared. Chemical products PbO ⁇ PbS0 4 ⁇ H 2 0 can be widely used It is widely used in the preparation of heat stabilizers, wires and cables, and has good process matching and high economical value.
  • the method for extracting lead from waste lead-containing glass provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart A of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart B of an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
  • a method for treating used lead-containing glass includes the following steps:
  • the CRT tube cone glass was initially pulverized to a particle size of lcm by mechanical treatment, and then the CRT tube cone glass was further pulverized by a ball mill, and the CRT tube cone glass powder was collected through an 80 mesh sieve and used.
  • the NaOH solid was mixed with CRT tube cone glass powder at a mass ratio of 1:1, and water was added to make a paste to obtain a paste; it was baked at 500 ° C for 3 hours to obtain a calcined material.
  • the function of this step is to break the network structure of the glass and discard the PbO wrapped in the mesh structure.
  • leaching Agent Take 75mL of acetic acid (17 mol/L) and 150mL of nitric acid (15 mol/L) to mix evenly to obtain leaching Agent. Take 50g of CRT tube cone glass material, add 250mL of water, then place it in the leaching agent and dip it for 4h at 60°C to obtain the leachate. The leaching action is to dissolve the PbO into the leachate.
  • a method for treating used lead-containing glass includes the following steps:
  • the CRT neck glass is initially pulverized to a particle size of 3 cm by mechanical treatment, and then the CRT neck glass is further pulverized by a ball mill, and the CRT neck glass powder is collected through a 100 mesh sieve for use. .
  • the NaOH solid was mixed with CRT neck glass powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and added with water to make a paste to obtain a paste; it was baked at 600 ° C for 1 hour to obtain a fired material.
  • the calcined material was ground and passed through an 80 mesh sieve.
  • the function of this step is to break the mesh structure of the glass and discard the PbO wrapped in the mesh structure.
  • a leaching agent was prepared by uniformly mixing 60 mL of acetic acid (17 mol/L) and 60 mL of nitric acid (15 mol/L). Take 20g of CRT tube cone glass calcined material, add lOOmL of water, then place it in the leaching agent and dip it at 80 °C for 3h to obtain the leachate. The leachate was suction filtered and washed. The leaching action is to dissolve the PbO into the leachate.
  • Leaching is mainly the process of dissolving PbO wrapped in a glass mesh structure into a suitable leaching agent.
  • the glass is alkali-calcined in advance, and then nitric acid-acetic acid is used as a leaching agent to leaching at a certain temperature. See the orthogonal test chart 2 below, the leaching rate can reach more than 95%, after treatment in the glass Table 2, leaching orthogonal table
  • the optimum combination is shown in Table 3.
  • the reaction temperature is 3 (100 ° C)
  • the calcination temperature is 3 (700 ° C)
  • the HAc dosage is 3 (150 mL)
  • the HN0 3 dosage is 3 (150 mL).
  • reaction temperature 2 80 ° C
  • Calcination temperature 2 600 °C
  • HAc dosage 2 100 mL
  • HN0 3 dosage 2 100 mL
  • leaching rate is also 4 ⁇ high (97.5%)
  • Precipitated solution (theoretical Pb: 68.33%) M precipitate / M (filtrate + feed solution w to ⁇
  • the HAc-HN0 3 solution containing two metal ions was prepared by expanding the original leaching filtrate by 4 times.
  • the concentrations of the two original leaching metals were Pb: 30 g/L and Ca: 3 g/L, respectively, and then the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 1, Precipitate with an excess of 1.5 times Na 2 SO 4 , wash with suction, then PbS0 4 was precipitated and transformed with 140 g/L Na 2 CO 3 solution, washed and suction filtered, and finally the precipitate was dissolved with HNO 3 , and the pH of the fixed solution was “1. Reaction lh, the results are shown in Table 5:
  • the first method in the step of "precipitating metal ions to precipitate, separating and removing impurities", less acid and alkali liquid are consumed, so that the cost is more controllable;
  • the precipitation conversion step is more convenient.
  • the Pb-containing chemical product PbO ⁇ PbS0 4 ⁇ H 2 0 prepared by the invention can be widely used for preparing heat stabilizers, wires and cables, and has good process matching and high economic utilization value.

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Description

一种从废旧含铅玻璃中回收铅的方法 本申请要求了 2010年 8月 9日提交中国专利局的, 申请号 201010249152.7,发 明名称为 "一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法" 的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部 内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及工业废料的处理方法, 尤其涉及一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法。 背景技术
含铅玻璃是指含有 Si02等玻璃形成物以及较高含量 PbO的玻璃, 多被用于制 造光学玻璃、 电真空玻璃、 低温封接玻璃、 防辐射玻璃、 高折射微珠玻璃及艺 术器 玻璃等产品。
阴极射线管 (CRT )作为重要的含铅玻璃产品, 被广泛地应用在电视机、 计算机显示器和示波器等电子电器设备上。 CRT显示器的玻璃含有大量的 PbO以 及多种有害化学成分, 如: 53.05%SiO2、 18.27%PbO, 3.47%A1203、 2.35%CaO, 1.9%BaO和 0.97%MgO (按质量分数) 。 尤其在管锥部分的玻璃中铅成分高达 20%~40%。 若直接丢弃, 不仅造成铅资源的浪费, 而且对周围环境产生巨大的 污染, 甚至将严重危害人体健康。
随着早期生产的 CRT显示器已经或即将到达报废年限, 以及电子科技产品 更新换代速度的加快, 越来越多的 CRT显示器被(将被)淘汰成为电子垃圾。 据 2008年的统计, 我国每年淘汰的电视机和电脑都在 500万台以上, 且以每年 25~30%的速度递增。 由此, 如何处理好废旧的含铅玻璃成为一个值得关注的热 点问题。 近年来有将废弃铅玻璃与某些工业废料混合磨成粉后烧结得到烧结玻璃陶 瓷的报道, 但这种利用方式只是将玻璃中的铅金属从一种产品中转移至另一产 品中, 重金属危害问题并没有得到解决。
2008年, 吴国清等人从材料分类识别、 材料的无害化处理、 材料分离及再 利用的角度报道了 《含 CRT类显示器回收处理技术研究》 。 同年, 海尔集团技 术研发中心尹风福等人报道了 《废旧显示器的环保处理技术》 , 以及其合作伙 伴青岛新天地研发出了 CRT综合利用工艺, 建设了相应的处置和回收工厂, 但 其技术核心限于 CRT的拆解和分类,并未涉及从 CRT中提取铅进行再利用的工业 化生产方法。
公开号为 CN 101613802A的中国专利提供了一种废旧含铅玻璃回收铅同时 生产环保建材的工艺与配套设备, 能够以废旧含铅玻璃为原材料, 采用真空碳 热还原工艺回收其中的铅并制备泡沫玻璃。 但因该工艺方法步骤短, 只能同时 回收铅和相应化工产品泡沫玻璃, 且该方法需在 1000°C下反应数小时, 故所需 设备要求高、 能耗大、 污染大, 因此不利于工业化生产。 发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法,既能减少 或消除铅对环境产生的不良影响, 又能变废为宝, 有效利用废旧含铅玻璃中的 金属铅从而获得更大的经济效益, 且合理易行, 污染小, 能够工业化。
本发明提供了一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )取含铅玻璃机械粉碎、 球磨和过筛, 得含铅玻璃粉末;
( 2 )将含铅玻璃粉末进行碱法焙烧, 得烧成料;
( 3 )取多羧酸络合剂和硝酸混合制成浸出剂,将烧成料置于浸出剂中浸取, 得浸出液;
( 4 )调节浸出液的 pH值, 沉淀金属离子得沉淀物, 分离除杂, 洗涤, 烘 干得含铅化工产品。
其中, 含铅玻璃的组成式为: RmOn-PbO-Si02(B203)o 式中 Si02 ( B203 ), 即 二氧化硅(三氧化二硼 ),为网络形成物,是构成玻璃网络结构的基本单元。 RmOn, 代表碱、 碱土、 稀土金属的金属氧化物, 是使玻璃网络结构发生变化、 达到调 整特性的网络修改物。 PbO, 即氧化铅, 为特征成分, 赋予玻璃基本特性。 随 PbO含量的增加, 玻璃的密度、 折射率、 色散、 介电常数、 对 X射线和 γ射线 吸收系数等性能指标值增加; 其硬度、 高温粘度、 软化温度、 化学稳定性等指 标值降低; 致使玻璃成型料性变长、 着色剂色彩鲜艳、 表面光泽增加且敲击声 清脆。
优选地, 含铅玻璃为 CRT (阴极射线管)显示器的玻璃, 其管屏玻璃主要 是 Si02-BaO-SrO-Zr02-R20-RO系玻璃, 管锥和管颈主要是 Si02-Al203-PbO -R20-RO系玻璃。 R20和 RO为金属氧化物, R可以是 Mg、 Ca和 Na等金属元 素。
本发明步骤(1 ) 为材料预处理阶段, 取含铅玻璃为原料, 先通过机械处理 将含铅玻璃初步粉碎, 再用球磨机将含铅玻璃进一步粉碎, 收集含铅玻璃粉末 过筛后备用。 优选地, 将含铅玻璃初步粉碎至粒径为 l~5cm, 进一步粉碎后过 50-100目筛。更优选地,将含铅玻璃初步粉碎至 l~3cm,进一步粉碎后过 80-100 目筛。
步骤( 2 )中碱法焙烧是指取碱液将步骤( 1 )所得的含铅玻璃粉末调成糊状, 得糊状物; 将该糊状物焙烧, 得烧成料。 该步骤的作用为打破玻璃的网状结构, 使包裹在网状结构里的 PbO离散出来。 优选地,碱法焙烧中使用的碱液为强碱溶液。碳酸钠溶液和硝酸钠溶液也可, 但效果不及强碱溶液。 更优选地, 该强碱为 NaOH。 优选地, 碱法焙烧中含铅玻 璃粉末与碱液按含铅玻璃粉末与固体 NaOH质量比 1:1混合并调成糊状。
焙烧方程式为: Si02 +2NaOH→ Na2Si03+H20
优选地, 焙烧的温度为 500~700°C。 优选地, 焙烧的时间为 30min~5h。 更 优选地, 焙烧的温度为 600°C。 更优选地, 焙烧的时间为 3h。 还优选地, 步骤 ( 2 )进一步包括将烧成料磨细并过 80目筛。
步骤( 3 )中浸取主要是把包裹在玻璃网状结构中的 PbO溶解到合适浸出剂 中的过程, 包括: 取多羧酸络合剂和硝酸混合制备浸出剂, 浸取步骤(2 ) 中得 到的烧成料, 得浸取液。
浸出剂的选择是根据多羧酸络合剂的络合作用和硝酸强酸性作用来选择的。 络合反应的平衡常数用配合物稳定常数(又称配合物形成常数)表示, 此常数 值越大, 说明形成的配合物越稳定。 本发明中涉及的 "多羧酸络合剂" 指具有 一定络合作用的羧酸, 通常对 Pb2+具有一定的络合能力。 本发明中优选(针对 Pb2+ )配合物稳定常数较大的醋酸(乙酸)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA )。 这两种多 羧酸络合剂络合能力强, 能够与金属铅形成稳定的络合物。 多羧酸络合物也可 以选自甘氨酸, 以及曱酸、 乙醇酸、 丙酮酸、 乳酸和苹果酸等, 但络合效果欠 佳。
优选地, 多羧酸络合剂为醋酸, 与硝酸按 3:1~9的体积比混合。 更优选地, 醋酸和硝酸按 1:1的体积比混合。 优选地, 醋酸的浓度为 17mol/L, 硝酸的浓度 为 15mol/L。
浸取烧成料的步骤可以为取烧成料加水,置于浸出剂中浸取,也可以为取烧 成料置于稀释后的浸出剂中浸取。 优选地, 将步骤(2 ) 中的烧成料按固液比 1:4~6置于水中, 并按烧成料与 硝酸的固液比为 1: 1-4加入浸出剂中浸取。
更优选地, 将步骤(2 ) 中的烧成料按固液比 1:5置于水中, 并按烧成料与 硝酸的固液比为 1: 3加入浸出剂中浸取, 其中浸出剂中醋酸和硝酸的体积比为 1:1 , 此时, 即取 1份烧成料, 加入 5份的水以及 3份的醋酸和 3份的硝酸, 混 合, 浸取。 也优选地, 取 3份的醋酸和 3份的硝酸以及 5份的水混合, 得稀释 后的浸出剂, 再取 1份烧成料置于该浸出剂中浸取。
浸取方程式: Na2Si03+2HN03→ H2Si03+2NaN03
2PbO+2HAc→Pb(OH)2 Pb (Ac)2
PbO+2HN03→ Pb(N03)2+H20
浸取作用为使铅浸出到浸出液中: 由于醋酸根离子和铅的络合作用很强,所 以能把没完全离散出的铅一点点络合游离出来。
优选地, 浸取的温度为 60~100°C。 优选地, 浸取的时间为 l~5h。 更优选地, 浸取的温度为 90°C。 更优选地, 浸取的时间为 4h。 还优选地, 步骤(3 )进一 步包括将浸出液抽滤和洗涤。
步骤(4 )包括: 调节浸出液的 pH值; 将浸出液中的 Pb、 Ba等金属离子一 步或多步沉淀得沉淀物; 分离除杂, 洗涤, 烘干得含铅化工产品。
优选地, 步骤(4 ) 中沉淀金属离子得沉淀物之后进一步包括将沉淀转化, 再进行分离除杂。
更优选地, 步骤(4 ) 为: 向浸出液中投加强碱溶液, 调节浸出液 pH值至 1-3; 向浸出液中 ¾^口 S04 2—, 沉淀 Pb2+和 Ba2+, 得 PbS04和 BaS04沉淀; 投加 C03 2 , 将沉淀物 PbS04转化为 PbC03, 加入 HN03溶液, 反应得 Pb ( N03 ) 2; 抽滤, 固 (BaS04 )液(Pb ( N03 ) 2 )分离除杂; 取滤液, 加入 S04 2—沉淀 Pb2+, 得 PbS04 ; 最后加入强碱溶液调节 pH 值至 8~10 , 洗涤、 烘干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基硫酸铅)。
反应方程式如下:
一步沉淀: Pb2++ S04 2→ PbS04
Ba2++ S04 2→BaS04
沉淀转化: PbS04+C03 2→PbC03+S04 2
沉淀溶解: PbC03+2HN03 Pb(N03)2 +H20+C02
二步沉淀: Pb2++ S04 2→PbS04
合成产品: 4 PbS04+6 0H3PbO · PbS04 · H20 +3S04 2 +2H20
以及更优选地, 步骤( 4 )为: 向浸出液中投加 20%的氢氧化钠溶液, 调节 浸出液 pH值至 1; 向浸出液中按 n ( S04 2" ): n ( Pb2+ ) =1.2-1.5:1投加 S04 2 , 沉淀 Pb2+和 Ba2+, 得 PbS04和 BaS04沉淀; 按 n ( C03 2— ): n ( Pb2+ ) =2-2.5:1 投力口 C03 2—,将沉淀物 PbS04转化为 PbC03,加入 HN03溶液,反应得 Pb(N03)2; 抽滤, 固(BaS04 )液(Pb ( N03 ) 2 )分离除杂; 取滤液, 按 n ( S04 2— ): n ( Pb2+ ) =1.2-1.5:1加入 S04 2—沉淀 Pb2+,得高纯度的 PbS04; 最后加入 20%NaOH溶液调 节 pH值至 9, 洗涤、 烘干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基硫酸铅)。
还优选地,步骤( 4 )可为:调节浸出液 pH值至 11~12;沉淀 Pb2+,得 Pb(OH)2 沉淀物; 抽滤, 固液分离除杂; 取固体渣, 加入 HN03溶液调节 pH值至 0.5~1 , 反应得 Pb ( N03 ) 2; 加入 S04 2—沉淀 Pb2+, 得 PbS04; 最后加入强碱溶液调节 pH值至 8~10, 洗涤、 烘干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基硫酸铅)。 其中, 浸出液中还可能含有 Al3+、 Mg2+和 Ca2+金属离子,在 pH值为 11~12的条件下沉 淀成为 Al ( OH ) 3、 Mg ( OH ) 2和 Ca ( OH ) 2沉淀物。 固液分离时, 达到将以 上沉淀物与 Ba2+分离的目的。 反应方程式如下: 一步沉淀: Mn++nOH—→M(0H)n ( M表示: Pb, 可能还含有 Al、 Mg和 Ca ) 沉淀溶解: M(OH)n +nHN03 M(N03)n+nH20 二步沉淀: Pb2++ S04 2→PbS04 合成产品: 4 PbS04+6 0H3PbO · PbS04 · H20 +3S04 2 +2H20 更优选地, 步骤( 4 ) 为: 投加 NaOH调节 pH值至 12; 沉淀 Pb2+, 得 Pb ( 011 ) 2沉淀物; 抽滤, 固液分离除杂; 取固体渣, 加入 HN03溶液调节 pH值 至 1 , 反应得 Pb ( N03 ) 2; 向浸出液中按 n ( S04 2" ) : n ( Pb2+ ) =1. 5~2:1投加 S04 2—沉淀 Pb2+, 得 PbS04; 最后加入 20%NaOH溶液调节 pH值至 9, 洗涤、 烘 干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基硫酸铅)。 其中,投加 NaOH调节 pH值至 12优选为先投加固体 NaOH调节 pH值为 6 , 然后投加 10mol/L NaOH溶液调节 pH值至 12,以避免直接用固体 NaOH沉淀调 节浸出液终点 pH值可能调不准的情况发生。 本发明所制得的含 Pb化工产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20可广泛用于制备热稳定 剂、 电线和电缆, 且工艺匹配性好, 具有较高的经济利用价值。 本发明提供的从废旧含铅玻璃中提取铅的方法, 具有以下有益效果:
( 1 ) 能合理处理废旧 CRT从而减少或消除铅对环境产生的不良影响;
( 2 ) 能变废为宝, 有效利用废弃物中的金属铅制成用途广泛、 经济效益好 的含铅的化工产品, 无铅化的废渣制备其它有用的功能材料;
( 3 )合理易行, 污染小, 能够工业化。
附图说明 图 1为本发明的流程示意图; 图 2为本发明实施例的流程图 A;
图 3为本发明实施例的流程图 B。 具体实施方式
以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技 术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这 些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。 图 1为本发明的流程示意图。
实施例一
如图 2所示, 一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )取含铅玻璃机械粉碎、 球磨和过筛, 得含铅玻璃粉末
取 CRT管锥玻璃为原料,通过机械处理将 CRT管锥玻璃初步粉碎至粒径为 lcm, 再用球磨机将 CRT管锥玻璃进一步粉碎, 收集 CRT管锥玻璃粉末过 80 目筛后备用。
经分析中心检测, 测得 CRT管锥玻璃所含组分, 如表 1所示:
表 1、 CRT管锥玻璃所含组
Figure imgf000010_0001
( 2 )将含铅玻璃粉末进行碱法焙烧, 得烧成料
取 NaOH固体按质量比 1:1与 CRT管锥玻璃粉末混合, 加水调成糊状, 得 糊状物; 置于 500°C焙烧 3h, 得烧成料。 该步骤的作用为打破玻璃的网状结构, 使包裹在网状结构里的 PbO离散出来。
( 3 )取醋酸和硝酸混合制成浸出剂, 将烧成料置于浸出剂中浸取, 得浸出 液
取 75mL醋酸( 17 mol/L )和 150mL硝酸( 15 mol/L )混合均匀, 制得浸出 剂。 取 50g CRT管锥玻璃烧成料, 加入 250mL的水, 然后置于浸出剂中, 60°C 温度下浸取 4h, 得浸出液。 浸取作用为把 PbO溶解到浸出液中。
( 4 )调节浸出液的 pH值, 沉淀金属离子得沉淀物, 将沉淀物转化, 分离 除杂, 洗涤, 烘干得含 Pb化工产品。
向浸出液中投加 20%的氢氧化钠溶液, 调节浸出液 pH值至 1; 向浸出液中 按 n ( S04 2 ): n ( Pb2+ )为 1.2: 1投加 K2S04, 沉淀 Pb2+和 Ba2+, 得 PbS04和 BaS04沉淀; 按 n( C03 2—) : n( Pb2+ )为 2:1投加浓度为 140g/L的 Na2C03溶液, 将沉淀物 PbS04转化为 PbC03, 加入 HN03溶液, 调节 pH值为 0.5, 反应得杂 质含量很低的 Pb ( N03 ) 2; 抽滤, 固 (BaS04 )液( Pb ( N03 ) 2 )分离除杂; 取滤液, 按 n ( S04 2" ) : n ( Pb2+ ) 为 1.2:1加入 Na2S04沉淀 Pb2+, 得高纯度的 PbS04 ; 最后加入 20%NaOH 溶液调节 pH 值至 9 , 洗涤、 烘干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基硫酸铅)。
实施例二
如图 3所示, 一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )取 CRT管颈玻璃为原料, 通过机械处理将 CRT管颈玻璃初步粉碎至 粒径为 3cm, 再用球磨机将 CRT管颈玻璃进一步粉碎, 收集 CRT管颈玻璃粉末 过 100目筛后备用。
( 2 )将含铅玻璃粉末进行碱法焙烧, 得烧成料
取 NaOH固体按质量比 1:1与 CRT管颈玻璃粉末混合, 加水调成糊状, 得 糊状物; 置于 600°C焙烧 lh, 得烧成料。 将烧成料磨细并过 80目筛。
该步骤的作用为打破玻璃的网状结构, 使包裹在网状结构里的 PbO 离散出 来。
( 3 )取醋酸和硝酸混合制成浸出剂, 将烧成料置于浸出剂中浸取, 得浸出 液
取 60mL醋酸( 17mol/L )和 60mL硝酸( 15mol/L )混合均匀, 制得浸出剂。 取 20g CRT管锥玻璃烧成料, 加入 lOOmL的水, 然后置于浸出剂中, 80°C温度 下浸取 3h, 得浸出液。 将浸出液抽滤和洗涤。 浸取作用为把 PbO溶解到浸出液 中。
( 4 )调节浸出液的 pH值, 沉淀金属离子得沉淀物, 将沉淀物转化, 分离 除杂, 洗涤, 烘干得含 Pb化工产品
投加固体 NaOH调节浸出液 pH值为 6, 然后投加 10mol/L NaOH溶液调节 浸出液 pH值至 12; 沉淀 Pb2+, 得 Pb ( OH ) 2沉淀物; 抽滤, 固液分离除杂; 取固体渣, 加入 HN03溶液调节 pH值至 1 , 反应得 Pb ( N03 ) 2; 向浸出液中按 n ( S04 2" ) : n ( Pb2+ ) =1. 5: 1 ^ Na2S04沉淀 Pb2+, 得 PbS04; 最后加入 20%NaOH溶液调节 pH值至 9, 洗涤、 烘干得产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20 (三盐基 硫酸铅)。 效果实施例
方法一
具体方法参见实施例一。
(一)浸出实验
浸出主要是把包裹在玻璃网状结构中的 PbO溶解到合适浸出剂中的过程, 本实验预先把玻璃进行碱法焙烧, 然后用硝酸 -醋酸做为浸出剂, 在一定的温度 下浸出, 效果见如下的正交试险表 2 , 浸出率可以达到 95%以上, 处理后玻璃中 表 2、 浸出正交表
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 3、 正交实验结果直观分析表
Figure imgf000013_0002
结论:
得出优组合如表 3所示, 分别为: 反应温度 3(100°C)、 焙烧温度 3(700°C)、 HAc用量 3(150mL)以及 HN03用量 3(150 mL)。
但是根据实际生产情况的反应条件,在以下条件组合下:反应温度 2( 80°C )、 焙烧温度 2 ( 600 °C ) HAc用量 2 ( lOOmL )和 HN03用量 2 ( lOOmL ) , 浸出 率也 4艮高 (97.5% )
Figure imgf000014_0001
主要是把溶液中的 Pb2+和 Ba2+转化为沉淀形式, 然后再分离。 具体为: 向 浸出液中投加氢氧化钠溶 ^ o 液, 调节浸出液 pH值; 向浸出液中投加 S04 2—, 沉淀 Pb2+和 Ba2+, 得 PbS04和 BaS04沉淀。
d
不同酸度条件下 K2S04沉淀 Pb bi 2+的沉淀率如表 4所示。 表 4、 不同酸度条件下 K2S04沉淀 Pb:
PbS04固体沉淀 沉淀率 原始
沉淀后溶液 (理论 Pb: 68.33% ) M沉淀/ M (滤液 + 料液 w to σν
(含少量的 BaS04 CaS04 ) 洗水+沉淀 ) 体积 Pb Ca Ba 质量
Pb% Ca% Ba% Pb% Ca% Ba% mol. L— 1 V2/mL C /g L C2'/mg/L C37mg/L g
滤 液
0.037 433.5 0.2 3.58 0.02 0.85
530 98.07 0.26 96.59 0.0199g 0.2298g O.OOOlg m(M) 0.0007g 0.0283g m(M)
0.09
洗 水
0.0275 5.6 1.2
745
0.0208g 0.0417g 0.0009g
m(M)
滤 液
0.4484 470.2 3.35 62.99 0.052 0.04
500 88.36 0.6 22.4 0.2442g 0.2351g m(M) 2.11g 0.0017g 0.0013g m(M)
0.38
洗 水
0.036 4.5 1.0
940
0.0338g 0.0423g 0.0009g
m(M)
滤 液
1.56 477.7 7.3 2.19 0.048 0.01
500 62.41 0.6 4.17 0.78g 0.2389g 0.0037g m(M) 0.0015g 0.0002g m(M)
1.09
洗 水
0.0483
800
0.0386g
m(M)
滤 液
2.38 432.5 1.92 54.41 0.01 0.0067
500 45.59 0.1 2.17 l-19g 0.2163g m(M) l-04g 0.0002g O.OOOlg m(M)
2.07
洗 水
0.0552 1.0
925
0.0511g 0.0009g
m(M) 结论: H+浓度对体系沉淀作用影响很大, 如表 4所示, 当 H+浓度在 0.09 时, Pb沉淀率在 98.07% , 此后随体系酸性增强, Pb沉淀率变小, 当体系 H+浓 度在 0.38时, Pb的沉淀为 88.36%, 未达 90%。 因此, 沉淀体系的 H+浓度不能 太大。 总言之, 在保证浸出率很高的情况下必须要调整体系的酸度(增大 pH值 - 1 ) 然后沉淀。
(三) 沉淀转化
按原始浸出滤液扩大 4倍配制含两种金属离子的 HAc-HN03溶液, 两种原 始浸出金属的浓度分别为 Pb: 30g/L和 Ca: 3g/L, 然后调节溶液的 pH值 =1, 用 过量 1.5倍的 Na2S04沉淀, 抽滤洗涤, 然后 PbS04用 140g/L的 Na2C03溶液沉 淀转化, 洗涤抽滤, 最后沉淀用 HN03溶解, 固定溶液终点 pH值《1 , 反应 lh, 得到结果如表 5所示:
表 5、 Na2C03过量系数对沉淀转化(PbS04转化 PbC03 ) 的影响
( Na2C03浓度为 140g/L, 终点 pH值 =1 )
Figure imgf000015_0001
结论: 不同过量系数的 Na2C03溶液中, 沉淀转化后 Pb的转化率都在 96% 以上。 (四)合成产品
合成工序试验, 用 20%的氢氧化钠溶液调节反应体系终点的 pH值为 9, 反 应结果如表 6所示:
表 6、 合成实验
Figure imgf000016_0001
结论: 合成的产品比较行标达到了一级品的标准。 方法二
具体方法参见实施例二。
(一)浸出
同方法一
(二)沉淀
原始滤液用 NaOH调节溶液的 pH值为 10~14,得出各种金属离子的沉淀率 如表 7所示:
表 7、 浸出原始溶液用固体 NaOH调节终点 pH值对沉淀的影响
Figure imgf000017_0001
结论: 由表 7看出 pH值过低, Pb沉淀率低; 当 pH值为 12时, Pb沉淀率 变大, 但是当 pH值继续增大到 14时, 由于 Pb ( OH ) 2溶解于强碱, 所以 Pb 沉淀率又变低, 所以最佳沉淀值为终点 pH值为 12。
(三)溶解、 沉淀
同一步沉淀数据。
(四)合成产品
在浆化的湿 Pb(OH)2溶液中加入适量浓 HN03调节溶液的 pH值为 0.5~1 , 加入过量 1.5~2倍的 Na2S04, 沉淀得到 PbS04, 然后加入 20%的氢氧化钠溶液调 节浆化 PbS04的 pH值到 9, 得到了符合行业标准的三盐基硫酸铅, 如表 8。 表 8、 产品三盐基硫酸铅质量标准
Figure imgf000018_0001
结论: 用此种方法实验流程很短, 合成的产品比较行标可达到一级品的标 准。
本发明上述两种方法比较而言, 方法一在 "沉淀金属离子得沉淀物, 分离 除杂" 的步骤中所消耗的酸液和碱液较少, 因此更利于控制成本; 方法二则省 去沉淀转化步骤, 更筒单易行。
本发明所制得的含 Pb化工产品 PbO · PbS04 · H20可广泛用于制备热稳定 剂、 电线和电缆, 且工艺匹配性好, 具有较高的经济利用价值。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种处理废旧含铅玻璃的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )取含铅玻璃机械粉碎、 球磨和过筛, 得含铅玻璃粉末;
( 2 )将所述含铅玻璃粉末进行碱法焙烧, 得烧成料;
( 3 )取多羧酸络合剂和硝酸混合制成浸出剂, 将所述烧成料置于所述浸出 剂中浸取, 得浸出液;
( 4 )调节所述浸出液的 pH值, 沉淀金属离子得沉淀物, 分离除杂, 洗涤, 烘干得含铅化工产品。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2 ) 中所述焙烧的 温度为 500~700°C。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2 ) 中焙烧的温度 为 600 °C。
4、如权利要求 1~3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3 ) 中多羧酸络合剂为醋酸或乙二胺四乙酸。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3 ) 中多羧酸络合 剂为醋酸, 与所述硝酸按 3:1~9的体积比混合。
6、如权利要求 1~3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3 ) 中所述浸取的温度为 60~100°C。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3 ) 中浸取的温度 为 80°C。
8、如权利要求 1~3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4 ) 为调节所述浸出液 pH值至 1~3; 投加沉淀剂 S04 2—, 沉淀 Pb2+和 Ba2+, 得 PbS04 和 BaS04沉淀物; 投力 P C03 2—, 将所述沉淀物 PbS04转化为 PbC03, 加入 HN03 溶液, 反应得 Pb (N03) 2; 抽滤, 固液分离除杂; 取滤液, 再次加入所述沉淀 剂 S04 2—, 沉淀 Pb2+, 得 PbS04; 最后加入强碱溶液调节 pH值至 8~10 , 洗涤、 烘干。
9、如权利要求 1~3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4) 为调节所述浸出液 pH值至 11~12; 沉淀 Pb2+, 得 Pb (OH) 2沉淀物; 抽滤, 固 液分离除杂; 取固体渣, 加入 HN03溶液调节 pH值至 0.5~1, 反应得 Pb (N03) 2; 加入 S04 2—沉淀 Pb2+,得 PbS04; 最后加入强碱溶液调节 pH值至 8~10, 洗涤、 烘干。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(4) 中所述调节浸 出液 pH值至 11~12为先投加固体 NaOH调节所述浸出液 pH值为 6, 然后投加 lOmol/LNaOH溶液调节所述浸出液 pH值至 11~12。
PCT/CN2010/078160 2010-08-09 2010-10-27 一种从废旧含铅玻璃中回收铅的方法 WO2012019383A1 (zh)

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